Seprember1992 139810- "'.S

If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. -- 0·.. ('-. " " Divided by a GOltUllonLanguage: British and AmeriCan . ~ . ' " " , . ". .... Probation Cwt,ures . e, ~ • '. ~ ••••• e, •.••• _ ~ '••• ' •••••• II •• : ••••••••- .' .;~ .' •• ~ •• ' •• 7bdd, R Clear " Judith Rumgay Alternative Incarceration: An Inevitable Response to . Institudol,lal Overcrowding, •••••..•..•••••••••••••• '••• ''; •.•••••. RichardJ.KoehJer , ~ .' . " Ii , ' " '. Ch!z,rle8 Lindner II . .., U . ..... '. ,',' " Variations in the Administration o(Probation Supervision •••.• ~ ••• ~Robertn.CU8hrnan " lJa.le K.Sechrest ~. _. .' " _" .' l) • ,", _' ' _'., . ~ AnEvaluation of the Kalamazoo ,Probatioll Enhancement"Ptogram ••• ',•.•• •1fevin L'Mirwr,' . ," . .' ., , "David:~Hartmahn " , ;. ,,,,, . " '.' , ,III···. ,CriUlinalizingHate: An Empirical Assessment •......... '0 , •• , " •• Euge~!H.Czajkoski ", 1/" I---O-'-·------..:.· .. ·Q)c..---.. _~_t) --I Supervision: An Empirical AnalysisWith'" ,....' ,r . .'. " - .", " ,'.T7.. • ,Lll W. Co' 'de' Ilc~tlqns: ............. :~ ...., .•..• , ••. 0 •••••• .; • " •• o ••••••••.n.e, t, ~i .. " apr, r ....S.g!" ,.' . ";i k'arried Reduce the Likelihood of Criminality? '., , .' " ' ~ CD /!heLiteJ.'ature ; •.. 0. 00 0 •• 0 • 0 0 •• 0 ••• • ; • o. • •••• 0 0 •• 0 ••• /~Kevin N. Wright Karen E. Wright " ,I .',} ;le .' Boundaries.. of' Mental" '.J.'Health'Servi~es: . ~Jlproach to Inmate Mental Health, •••••• o •• 0 ••••••• Margaret .3f. Severson rr I ' ' " I .,., ~ate:ments and Reforni in :uv;enileJustice: ,I d. 7 If the "Balanced Approach . 000 •••. ' .0 O. 0 -C). ;. •.... 0 .0 •• O •• • Go~don Bazemore ;" ,:\ !,. .. t .. '-:'~oKing an;he li:uv."..;.Gounting the Days: When Does Com.munity i Supervision Start and Stop? .. 0 0 00 o. 0 .00 •• 0 0 •• 0 O. 0 • 0 • 0 00 • O •••••• 0 •• 'IbbyDo Slawsky J~. SEPrEMBER1992 139810- "'.S. Department of Justlc~ 139818 National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by Federa] Probation to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the copyright owner. Federal Probation A JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICE Published by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts VOLUME LVI SEPI'EMBER 1992 NUMBER 3 This Issue in Brief Divided by a Common Language: British and criminalize certain forms of hate and examines data American Probation Cultures.-American and officially reported by the State of Florida regarding the British probation officers speak the same language first full calendar year of operation of its hate crime but-according to authors Todd R. Clear and Judith law. Rumgay-have very different approaches to their jobs. Pretrial Bond Supervision: An Empirical The authors explore the important differences be Analysis With Poliey Implications.-Author Keith tween the two probation traditions and their impact W. Cooprider discusses policy and operational impli on the development of probation supervision in both cations derived from an empirical analysis of bond countries. supervision data obtained from a county-based pre Alternative Incarceration: An Inevitable Re trial release program. He analyzes the use of elec sponse to Institutional Overcrowding.-Authors tronic monitoring and describes patterns of success Richard J. Koehler and Charles Lindner discuss alter and failure on bond supervision. native incarceration programs-programs for offend ers who do not require the total control of incarceration, but for whom probation is not an appropriate sentence. CONTENTS The authors highlight New York City's Supervised Divided by a Common Language: British Detention Program, 11 program which provides an and American Probation Cultures ...•...... Todd R. Clear alternative to pretrial jail incarceration, as an illus \ :3 q ~ I () Judith Rumgay 3 Alternative Incarceration: An Inevitable tration. Response to Institutional Variations in the Administration of Probation Overcrowding ...................... Richard J. Koehler Supervision.-Authors Robert C. Cushman and Dale \ 3q~ \ t Charles Lindner 12 Sechrest explore the reasons for the great diversity Variations in fue Administration of K. Probation Supervision .............. Robert C. Cushman in the operations of probation agencies, including dif \ Sq-<E 1'?:. Dale K. Sechrest 19 ferences in caseload size and services provided. They A:h Evaluation of the Kalamazoo Probation document variations in felony sentencing and use of Enhancement Program ........•...•... Kevin I. Minor probation for 32 urban and suburban jurisdictions \'3q~\ S DavidJ. Hartmann 30 Criminalizing Hate: An Empirical using data primarily collected by the National Asso Assessmen;L' .•••.••..••••..•••.• Eugene H. Czajkoski 36 ciation of Criminal Justice Planners. pje'5~~Jd~pervision: An Empirical An Evaluation of the Kalamazoo Probation En An~g.sl~ Policy Implications ......Keith W. Cooprider 41 hancement Program.-N"oting that few studies D~~aef(ing Married Reduce the have evaluated halfway houses designed exclusively Likelihood of Criminality? A Review of for probationers, authors Kevin 1. Minor and David J. the Litera~re ......................... Kevin N. Wright Hartmann report on a study of a probation halfway \3Cf g- ( b Karen E. Wright 50 Redefining the Bound'l1'ies of Mental house known as the Kalamazoo Probation Enhance Health Services: A Holistic Approach ment Program (KPEP). Findings reveal that while ,0 Inm8, ~ntal Health ......... Margaret M. Severson 57 relatively few residents received successful discharges On ~;ri~ Stakments and Reform in from KPEP, those who did were less likely than those Juvenile Justice: The Case of the who· received unsuccessful discharges to recidivate ?:3Q~~ ~roachn ...... : ..• :.:..: .... Gordon Bazemore 64 during a I-year followup period. De~8Ftidenll Criminalizing Hate: An Empirical Assess . I ~ ;,' ~ .: ~ " t". Looking at the Law .•...... ';: ...... ~' ...."':"!. ~ .. 1'.": .:"; •• 71 ment.-Author Eugene H. Czajkoski focuses on a Reviews of Professional Period~bals ......................76 fairly new phenomenon in the crimin.al justice taxon Your Bookshelf on Review •. >........ j0 .....•...........85 ".o nfE'r{\i ~ V" l~ll""r') 94 omy, hate crime. He discusses the recent movement to ItHas Come t 0 0 ur Atten~lOn : . • .. !£4.0 •••':',.'" ••• d •••• 1 ------------ --._--------- 2 FEDERAL PROBATION September 1992 Does Getting Married Reduce the Likelihood of security, education, and vocational resources in a ho Criminality? A Review of the Literature.-Whether or listic, health-oriented approach to inmate wellness. not adult family life may be associated with a reduced On Mission Statements and Reform in Juvenile likelihood of crinllnal behavior is a topic of debate among Justice: The Case of the "Balanced Approach" experts. Authors Kevin N. Wright and Karen E. Wright Though commonly developed to promote reforms in com review the literature on the subject and find support for munity supervision, mission statements have little both sides of the issue. impact unless they foster changes which support new R£de{ining the Boundaries of Mental Health Sero sanctioning and supervision alternatives. Using the ices: A Holistic Approach to Inmate Mental Health. "Balanced Approach" model as a case study in imple Contending that prisoner rehabilitation cannot be realized menting a new mission for juvenile probation, author through the mental health treatment approach prevalent in Gordon Bazemore examines problems that may occur correctional institutions today, author Margaret M Severson when agencies fail to understand or commit to organiza calls for a new approach. What she advocates is the combina tional changes required by the mission statement. tion of medical, mental health, classification, administrative, All the articles appearing in this journal are regarded as appropriate expressions of ideas worthy of thought, but their publication is not to be taken as an endorsement by the editors or the Federal Probation and Pretrial Services System of the views set forth. The editors may or may not agree with the articles appearing in the journal, but believe them in any case to be deserving of consideration. \39<g~lo Does Getting Married Reduce the Likelihood of Criminality? A Review of the Literature By KEVIN N. WRIGHT AND KAREN E. WRIGHT* RIMINOLOGISTS SUGGEST that a child redirect behavior. What transpires in the family dur who grows up in a dysfunctional family may ing a child's life may influence that child's later behav Clearn aggressive or antisocial behavior; may ior, but adult family life may also play an important not be taught to control unacceptable behavior, delay role in changing the life course. gratification, or respect the rights of others; or may Sampson and Laub (1990) acknowledged the impor not be adequately supervised to preclude association tance of childhood antisocial behavior and its link to with antisocial or delinquent peers. As a conse adult criminality, but argued that "social bonds to quence, they say, the child becomes inadequately so adult institutions of informal social control," (p. 611) cialized and unable to constrain his or her behavior

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