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Contd from front flap of Agricultural Insurance Schemes in M Asia I Pramod K. Mishra for the Asian Productivity S Organization, Tokyo. He has H published a number of articles in R A national and international journals of repute. Dr Mishra has also presented papers at a number of national and Pramod K. Mishra is presently international seminars, as well as THE K Chairman, Gujarat Electricity participated in several Government Regulatory Commission. He was of India delegations. Secretary to Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture during 2006- Dr Mishra carried out his doctoral 08. Earlier, he was Secretary, UT research under Professor Michael National Disaster Management Lipton, an internationally known CH EARTHQU Authority. economist, at the Institute of Development Studies, UK, during Dr. Mishra functioned during 1991–94. He obtained a Ph.D in 2001-2004 as Chief Executive Officer Economics/Development Studies of the Gujarat State Disaster from the University of Sussex, UK. Management Authority (GSDMA) He has also received an MA degree created after the Kutch earthquake of in Development Economics at the 26 January 2001. He played a crucial University of Sussex in 1990, when role in shaping the GSDMA into a his academic performance was rated AKE 2001 vibrant, dynamic and innovative outstanding by the university. In organization, which received a number 1972, Pramod Mishra obtained an of prestigious international awards – MA degree in Economics, with a first including those of the United Nations, class, from the Delhi School of and the Commonwealth Association Economics. for Public Administration and M a n a g e m e n t ( C A PA M ) - f o r outstanding work in disaster recovery and management. Dr Mishra is the author of Agricultural Risk, Insurance and Income, National Institute of Disaster Management published from the UK in 1996. This ( Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India) THE KUTCH book was and continues to be a major IIPA Campus, 5B - IP Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110002 (India) contribution on theoretical and Tel. 011-23702432, 23705583, 23766146 empirical aspects of the economics of Fax : 011-23702442, 23702446 Concept & Printed at agricultural insurance. He is also the Colour Edge EARTHQUAKE 2001 Website : www.nidm.gov.in [email protected], 09811530188 editor of Development and Operation ISBN 81-8347-000-9 Recollections, Lessons and Insights Contd on back flap The Kutch Earthquake 2001 i ii The Kutch Earthquake 2001 Recollections, Lessons and Insights Pramod K. Mishra iii National Institute of Disaster Management ( Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India) IIPA Campus, 5B - IP Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110002 (India) Tel. 011-23702432, 23705583, 23766146 Fax: 011-23702442, 23702446 Website: www.nidm.gov.in Chairman Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission 1st Floor, Neptune Tower, Ashram Road Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected] Concept & Re-Print at : Colour Edge [email protected], (M)09811530188 Contents List of Abbreviations ix List of Tables xiii List of Charts xv Conversion xv Foreword xvii Preface xix Chapter I Introduction 1 Chapter II Some Recollections 4 Chapter III The Aftermath 17 The State Capital 17 The City of Ahmedabad 20 The City of Bhuj and Kutch District 26 State-level Response 33 Assistance by the Government of India and State Governments 40 Assistance by the Domestic and International Community 46 Damage and Destruction: Magnitude and Spread 51 Media Perceptions 66 Some Experiences of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (Japan) of 1995 67 Chapter IV Assessment of Damage and Immediate Needs 69 Assessment of Damage to Houses 69 v Contents Assessment of Damage by the Joint Assessment Team 74 Housing 74 Health 74 Education 76 Dam safety and irrigation 76 Rural water supply 78 Municipal infrastructure 79 Public buildings and historic monuments 79 Power 82 Transport infrastructure 83 Telecommunication 87 Agriculture and livestock 87 Industry 89 Service sector 89 Overall Assessment of Asset Losses and Reconstruction Cost 92 Chapter V Transition from Relief to Recovery 94 Shelter 94 Removal of Debris 100 Emergency Measures for Social Infrastructure 102 Creating a New Organizational Structure 103 Financing of Relief and Rehabilitation Work 104 Chapter VI Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy of the State Government 112 A Holistic Approach 112 Components of the Programme 113 Schemes for Various Sectors 114 Incentives and Tax Exemptions 116 Organizational Arrangements 118 Organizational Structure of the GSDMA 120 Grievance Redressal Mechanism 123 Mechanism for Community Participation 124 Focus on Effective Implementation 124 vi Contents Chapter VII Progress of Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Work 126 Housing 126 Education 130 Health 134 Public Buildings 136 Rural Water Supply 139 Power 141 Roads and Bridges 141 Dam Safety and Irrigation 141 Urban Infrastructure 141 Archives and Monuments 143 Social Rehabilitation 144 Livelihood Rehabilitation 144 Community Preparedness, Capacity Building and Disaster Mitigation 147 Chapter VIII Some Innovative Aspects of the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Work 148 Owner Driven Reconstruction of Houses 148 House Insurance 151 Urban Reconstruction 154 Role of NGOs 161 Multi-hazard Resistant Construction and Retrofitting 164 Meeting the Demand for Skilled Masons 166 Training of Engineers 166 Revision of Syllabus and Training of Teachers of Technical Institutions 169 Strengthening of the Regulatory System for Safe Construction 170 Licensing of Engineers and Certification of Masons 170 Measures for Long-term Disaster Management 172 Disaster Management Policy and Act 172 vii Contents Establishment of earthquake observatories and accelerographs 173 Establishment of a Seismological Research Institute 174 Establishment of the Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management (GIDM) 174 Review of disaster management plans 175 Upgrading the emergency response system and search and rescue capability 175 Community-based disaster preparedness programme 180 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities 181 Studies on important aspects of disaster management 182 Social Impact Assessment 185 A Reconnaissance Survey on Disposal of Debris 185 Benefit Monitoring 186 Benefit quantification 189 Chapter IX An Appraisal 192 The Devastation: A Glimpse 192 Some Important Lessons and Initiatives 194 A Remarkable Reconstruction Programme and its Performance 200 Some International Experiences and Comparisons 203 Sharing post-earthquake reconstruction experiences 203 Some international comparisons 211 Role of the GSDMA 214 Relevance of the GSDMA to other states 216 Consolidation and Sustainability of Initiatives 219 Chapter X Concluding Remarks 220 Select Bibliography 224 Index 226 viii List of Abbreviations ACEO Additional Chief Executive Officer ADA Area Development Authority ADB Asian Development Bank AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences AMC Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation AUDA Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority BAPS Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Sanstha BSF Border Security Force CAPAM Commonwealth Association for Public Administration and Management CBRI Central Building Research Institute CDPO Chief District Project Officer CEO Chief Executive Officer CEPT Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology CHC Community Health Centre CII Confederation of Indian Industry CIRG Central Implementation Review Group CRF Calamity Relief Fund CRPF Central Reserve Police Force CS Chief Secretary DDO District Development Officer DFID Department for International Development DG Diesel Generator DM Disaster Management DMA Disaster Management Authority DOT Department of Telecommunication ix Abbreviations DRM Disaster Risk Management DSRP Dam Safety Review Panel EGOM Empowered Group of Ministers ERU Emergency Response Unit FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry GCVT Gujarat Council of Vocational Training GDCR General Development Control Regulation GEB Gujarat Electricity Board GEERP Gujarat Emergency Earthquake Reconstruction Program GEON Geosciences Network GERI Gujarat Engineering Research Institute GERP Gujarat Earthquake Reconstruction Programme GERRP Gujarat Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Program GICEA Gujarat Institute of Civil Engineers and Architects GIDC Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation GIDM Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management GIF Gujarat State Insurance Fund GIL Gujarat Informatics Limited GMDC Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation GNFC Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Limited GOG Government of Gujarat GOI Government of India GSDA Gujarat State Department of Archaeology GSDMA Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority GSFC Gujarat State Financial Corporation GSI Geological Survey of India GSLDC Gujarat State Land Development Corporation GSWAN Gujarat State Wide Area Network GUDC Gujarat Urban Development Company GUIDE Gujarat Institute for Desert Ecology GWIL Gujarat Water Infrastructure Ltd GWSSB Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board H&EC Housing and Emergency Communication x Abbreviations HF High Frequency HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation I&B Information and Broadcasting IAF Indian Air Force IAS Indian Administrative Service ICDS Integrated Child Development Scheme IDRN India Disaster Resource Network IEC Information, Education and Communication IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFFCO Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Ltd IIT Indian Institute of Technology ILO International
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