YOUR WATER BY EDWIN W. BURRITT STATE ENGINEER Cheyenne,Wyo.

Wyoming Reclamation As~ociat:ion, Casper,Wyoming April 2- 3, 1936

ELWOOD MEAD BORN JANUARY 16, 1858 DIED JANUARY 26, 1936

HE WAS INTERESTED IN WYOMING'S WATERS

DURING TENURE OF OFFICE AS STATE ENGINEER OF WYOMING, 1666-1699 . TI-lE REASON FOR St;MINOI;

I .-;..·'' • -·. , PATHFINDER ······. .·· ·. SPILLS!

- • .. .; --· w . ,_ :... .~.., .

'C • -= ,- ·- . ·---- -~-p. .. The C( ·.!l;)il.A.ti on of this r::::_p~~rt has ~·;f ;Gn uade possi ~~l l( , du .. ;; t ...'l t.hc, cuc,pGrat,lon a:nd assi :3t::tnc~.:: c·f c1tany pe· ~, pl:..: ~nd I r.:·ish tc ~~x11r8SS ..a::t ap1;-recL1tion tu the f,Jl­ J.or.ring:

Hun . Leslie A. ,idller - Gcver11(1r ~1f Wyo.J.ing .

Wil.l U. 1vk:tz - q'J PA A.duinistratur fnr V~y o.u ing.

Senior Hydraulic ~~ngJ.neer, U.SeG.E1.

Fult"Jn D. 3ell:L·ry - AusistJ.nt. State Engine(:n·, \Vy C; ,.1Jng •

.l!.:ar.l Lloyd - Clvil &.ginec.:r, Che;:ro.n:ne, Wy(;.i;ling.

Charlt::s B. Sta.ff:)rd - Dopt. C~>.i1 . ;1erc e & Industry, Wy Cl.:,ing.

J~)lm E. Dunkin - DraftscoH:in, Chcy.::nna, Nyo.:dng.

(Th0 {{a tar Conaervat1on ProJ act su11ervised by Lae).

Edwin w. · Burritt State Eri~ineer Cht::yennc:, Wy ..1 ••d.ng ,11hrch 50, 19:56 ---~---- ....., __ Paee

Yo ur ~:r at e r , by Edwin W. Bur ritt , Sta t e Engi neer • •. • . • l - 9

SUliPLET 7SFT

I r rigation - 2epr int ed from "WyoE1 in.::; St a tisti cs '.' . 1- 6 Irriga ted Land by D ra i na~e Dasi ns- 1?30 Census .. . . 7 Pr incipal Construct ed R~se rv o ir s •.... ~t. •. .•. •.. ~. 8 Prin cipal F rp pose~,.t lleser voirs ...... _, .,. . . • • s ~Jat e r Flowi nc out of '.Iym:~ i n~ • . .• • . ·. . . . • •. • •. 1 0 .... 11 Off-seasor;al Fl ovJS l eaving 1.~ym:·_in e; . . . . . • . • •. • ~. . 1 2 Inter st ate s·tre(iiJ S •... • •.••• ' ...... • . • • • • • •. • • .•••.. • 1 3 Dev eloprrent under U. S . I ndian Service ...... •••••.•. • ..• 1 ~1 Dev elop!L.ent under U. S . 1:~u r ea u of Tieclarcc" t i on . . . ·• . . . , ~ .. 15 U. s . Bureau of rt•3c l m~• ation Pro j er.ts . . • , .... • .••.. Casp er Alco~a Pr oject •.. • . \\ ····· .•.. 1 6-18 Heart ~ountuin r r o j ect • • ••.•• . . • • ...... 1 9- 22 Riverton Project ...... ' ...... • ~ ••• • ,lo ••••• 23- 24 Bull L~~ e ?r6ject...... ~ .•. ~ ..... 25 Sh oshone ?ro j 8ct ..•••••.•• ~ ~ ..•. , • • . . • .. , • • ~ •.•.•. • ..••• 25- 28 J ackson I..a L;::.e J..)ro j ec t~ •• • -_ . .. . • • .. • ·, ...... • •.••. 29 - ~0 I nter st a-te tanc:tl , ' ...... •..••. ·. . •••....• 3 1 Fort I.arami c:: Cana1 ...... •...... 32 Pa t hfinder Reser voir ..••..•.••... .• . . .• . .... 33 G11Ei r r1sey ·Reservoir ...... , ••.•• ~ •••••••••• 33 P a th f i nde r-~ar r en A~ t Contracts •.•••••.•••• o •• o • ••.••••. 34

Index of Str· e::.:1.~ >: Flovv Recor ds on I nte!:'stat e Streams • ~ 0 ••• • 35- 36

Letter- Ccmce rnin~ Value of £:Cec l a:::1ation 2roject s o. 0 ••••• 0 •• • 38- 39 1 by Ra l f Ro Ioo1 ey ,- Seni or :::ngineer, · U. S . G, ~~ ...... o. o ••

Early I'r iori ties on Wyor"in3 St rear"ls .••..•••••.•.. o •••• • • •••• 37 Discussi on of IJaw Conce:rEinp: '-"la t er Cor_servat i on Boar d I.~ o·n t a.n.c.t • •••••••••••••• ~ •••••••••••• • ' •• 40 - 43 Gener a l Plan for C~onstruct i or.;_ of Res e:r·-t.;ro:L rs with Pu1)lic FuJ'ld. .. s ... . , ...... •...... •...... 44- 6?

) . ~- . ... ! ·' . 1 ·~· •• ,.,; . ... j .. •

.BY .. t- - -: ,', .': . ED'NIN vv. BURRI rrT ...... S.T.. -..TZ .. ENGI~TEER . . t . .~ . . ··c·HE·'·· ·"' ·~;·1\Tl\T.:.-, T ";o· -n,r· ·1'rA : ·. ·. . f·.i!.J+'W< ~ .l . Vii Y l\~ . , \l \:.T . ' ~ .·• ...... AT ..

·,· THE. ~~:vior· .J:rN6·. nB~ciArur:;:ii.aN·Lsso'cri~ .. ·TioN·.:. J.l11 ~·.dASJ~~R· , . __ :JfO~EING_ ~ A~

(Ace . orl~!C).' ~ied -~ry .·. G·, : B-~pi)lemel'tt ;· pr .e.se~t .in:p: · variou~ . facts , concerning irri :~ at io.n . arid :J .i·riG·a tj~ on .. ]~ro b1 e_m.s . in Vvyoming. ) . . ' ' " ... . : . ~ ·.. - . . . ' . . .: - . ~ -~· ·... ,/A?ER·, ac:c o-rdi.n[; to · -~ le bster·' s· Unabridged~ · is "the

fluid~ v·rhich descends .from· tl~; e clouds in rain and which

forms . rivers, . lak.es, seas tt. • 'debs·ter. s.ays · it .is tB:ste- .. less, .odorless. trans,arent and · a liquid, and he .quali-

fies this .by saying lt i-s the most im:)ortant r'f all

solvents and also states that it is essential to the

life of animals and plants.

We have all heard about the young philosopher who propounded the query, "Which ex:i. sted first, the chicken

.or the egg?". vVhere Mr. ~rVebster gained the idea that water first descends---· from- the clouds instead of first rising fro_f£ the earth, I d.o .not know.

In rrhermopolis ' the VJELter o·f the springs may not

truthfully be called tasteless ~or odorless , and the

water in our muddy streams cannot be called transparent;

furthermore, I have, . when sorely pressed for Jaoi sture,

drnnk or rather chewed a mixture, passing for water but more nearly solid, occur:i.ng in the stock water holes of .. Wyoming's badlands~ · Tt is the life of animals and plants;

-1- they absorb it, use it and throw it avva.y again. And ali in all, during this endless process• the World's total supply of water varies not at all, and there remains, metaphorically speaking, the exact number of drops of

water as existed wh@n this planet became a solid mass.

Water is a creato~ and a d~stroy~r. The oasic

princip~ or ~eolamation, as we know the wora, is

using water as a creative agency and less~ning its

menace as a destroyine: agent. Our :reservoirs, con-

·structed to control tloo~ fl~ws, place a valuable com­ modity in ·Storage for beneficial use ana. benefit the

stream ~nd vall$y by destroying the flood menace.

Reclamation must a~hieve more. It must try to make water a tasteless, odorless, transparent liquid and p·rovide ways and means to reduce alkaline, silt and

sewage e~ntents- It m~st a~so provide drainage so that water may not ruin goo-d farming land and in its

capacity ~s a sol~e~t be~me poisoned and worthless for re-use. In the year 1889, the Wyoming Constitutional Con- venti~,.. after sev~ral weelfs of serious debate, dacided that this fluid, descending from the heavens, called

"Wa"lf~r" was the. property of the State, and prescribed

that ,...~Vater being essential to industrial prosperity, of limited amount, and easy of diversion from its natural channels, its control must be in the State,

which, in p~oviding for its use, shall equally.guard

-2- ..______..______~~ I all of the various interests involvod." (Constitution of ~~oming , Art. 1, Bee. 31.) ~nothJr section provided that "Priority of appropriation for beneficial uses shall give the better right," and that "No c.ppropric.tion shall be denied except when sue~ denial is demanded by the public interests." (Art. 8, Soc. 3.) To further tho state control of wsters and to protect the public interest therein, the convention provided for tho creetion of four water divisions in the State, and crested tho office of division superintendent to preside over each division,2nd the office of State Encincc:r. On NovGmb ,:; r 5th, 1889, the pooplo of the territory c..dopted this constitution, and on July 10, 1890, sftor its ratificotion by the Congress of the United States, the Stc=.te of Wyoming came into being, and thst combine tion of two cases , kno-vvn chemics.lly as H2o, bocame YOUR ·.vi-:~.TER . From this beginning, you have continuod, by your legislature, t'") provide a set of rule~, called laws, to govern this important :public property. These rules ore bused upon the principles set forth in your con­ stitution; your courts have interpreted them, and, in rare instances, tho Suprome Court of the Land has boon callod upon to dAcide questions of great importance in tho use nnd abuse of YOUR \ffiTER. ·with the progression of timG, while you claim the water 2$ ~roperty of your stete , your sister states, by their constitutions, make similar claims to the

-3- waters of interstate streams. Therefore, it has become necessery 'to rimicebly divide certuin streLms bet~e8n the

·vcrious stafes' or at . lc&st to 8 ttern.:pt such eli visions. From an effort along this line, we obtained the Colorado Rive:r• C'tJmpc.ct s.nd made possible thu development of th(3 Colorado River Be.sin. -,/i thout success, ,dyoming has " . negotiated for comity with Coloradr and Nebr&ska, ond becuase of this fa:i.luro to agree, Wyoming today is brought into court and finds herself defendant in a lew suit over the waters of the North Platte River. On her western front, h0r water users are having seri~us troubles with the 2ppropriators of Utah and Idaho. In the C:tssertion of these claims, the effort is being made to injoct the;: word PRIORITY, or the ox:)ression FIRST IN TTME, }..,IRST IN RIGHT , into nll decisions, concerning tho usEJ of vtct •,J r, nnd to ennihilnte the words

BENE~ICI1LL USE from your constitution ~nd the general lew of interstate wntors . The history of western irricLtion davolo_,1mont shows thnt ditchos wore first constructed in thg lcwer reaches of the strt:) c:ms, c.nd , if priority end _2nly priority is to govern the diversion of w~ter nnd these lower ditches must in c.ll inst.:~nces be first considered, tti s means that ~~~romin{? , sitting on top of tho Big Divide, must merely continue to sit and , gazing out towe.rds the east, north and west, see her neighbors plsnt, grow and ht:trvGst their crops while she -Jbte.ins what solace possible from her sitting occupation! But "Beneficial Use" is our Suvivr. All c.uthori ties &greG thB.t the -4- cr,mplete utilization of the waters of a st.r.3Ftl11 cnnnot be hod unless ond until upstrcem devslopment mc.y proceed unhemperod, end by rsturn flov1 :J.nd the principle of use and ro-use of wc:-.ter, 0vcr end over LgEJ.in , the gro0test possible ecrs&ge be developed end tho public welfare thereby !Jrotected. I know th2t some of you who ere present may not ngree in whole cr in pc,rt vvi th the principle herein expressed o.s being just and equi tc.ble to a prior eppropric..Ltor whose beo.uti.ful farm. is loceted nuar the mouth of s. stroam and which c G. rri es v1i th it the oldest priority richt of diversion, but, in thinking this over, please remember thet the Wb.ter is the prop er!.z

9f th~ Stnte, n0t of the individucl, and, if in the development of_the stream it becomes necessary t0 deny

I this right of diversion f')r the nubli c welfa~~t the recourse open for the individual rests in b8ing paid f~r his d&mage. ((I do not·wish, in mnking this state- ment, to infer thctt our present _stc:tutes contemplc:::tte anythinr. Jf this kind. Preferentiol uses for which irrigction rifhts may be condemned 2ra clearly de- scribed. I cnly Vlish t0 0.n.ll ottenti.on to the fc.ct thet under our consti tuti ')U I 'believe "..:;e hev o the prwer to }):.':'escribe G. chc..nge in B•.ineficic::cl U..,:;;s to mc~e possible such a re&djustment.))

Tl.1e Public Interc::st is to develop s.s mc..ny productive s.cres with our v1~... tor supply c.s possible.

However, the threat to esrly Ep?ropriLtions by applic&ti~n ~f this view of beneficicl use is in

-5- fact more apparent than real, because of two import&nt fnct!irs, closeiy interwcven, which appear on most of the strerums of this State. First, our narrow valleys ( are of limited irrigable ucreage, which acreage may be further reduced by soil classification, and second, we have, in most instoncas, an abundnnce of water if properly conserved end ased. I etated previously that we are now in serious controversy over the North Platte River caused, beyond any rensonpble douot, by the d~sire to consider the word

- ~~ari~·the ull-ruling factor, this in f&ce of the fact that thore exists an extensive report mnde by the u, s.

Army En~-~ineers cftor yeers of reseurch, proving con- clus'ivoly thct this river produces a sufficient sup"':flY

Of 1Vat·~!_' to J)roperly recla:fm e.n r...ddi tional 900,000 G!Cres of land when c::.nd if propE-rly conserved. To a. more or less extent, cdditioncl lands m~y be irriected from most

Wyoming streums, lnrge or. sm&ll, within the s·~c.... te c,nd interstc,te. All of us hr..ve fec:2rGd, from time to time, that the terms of the Colore.J.o River Compact are such us to rob us of a ch~nce for future development. Under the terms of this c orD:prict, the Upper Basin Ste.tes, . which include Wyoming, retairt ?,5oo.ooo ~cre~feet ~f

~-ter c~ch year, plus c certain proportion of the un­ d~vided s~plus, end I believe thRt never in the history of· the State will there come tc time when our Green River Arec. will be hampered in its a.evelopment by the terms ,, of this compact. Lest January, n fcmous engineer, upon

-6- . ...{ .... ~.

. comp~ c tio:p. of o.n .oxhc.ust:i. ve study of th ~~ Colore do River, r •.· .

. .stct~d . the:. t )1$ . oouJ.- d not s ? e l~ow t~e U~p e r Be sin Stc tes .cyuld over be cc.ll{_; d upon for cny \vcter c:. nd th :: t we hsd ,· ~· -~ ...

nothing to f oqr, ~ nd \ ~ bolieve that his deductions ere correct.

The gr3& t problem confrontinG us tode y is how vve ' • ...._ I ":' ' 1~ ' ' ,.

mGy best proceed ~n s ~.4 vin g . this surplus yn~. ter. The

Fedoro.l Government, . e. s rs:pr~sent. ~d ~ to us by the Bureau

:. \ . ' of Rec~amation, is engaged in .building some wonderful • : ,_ ~ t :· •) ' . .4 ' ~

pr0ject~ i~ our State • . Agcd.n, ns repres~nted by the

Nc. tions.l RQsources B'J ... Lrd and the W<::.ter Resources Com-

f • t· ~ t mittee of .t,his B-,L.rd, it is c.ssis.tingt. in the develop- mont of lo!}g_ term P.l u. n.s for stroo.m utilization nnd

methods lf finance nnd construction in conns ction there-

with. Many ?ther Fed~r L l Agencie s e re doing their pert

; ~ .( • ' I .- • ' ~ (,.: ' ' # ' • ' in .this impq~t c nt conservation progrcm, including the . . . . .

U. s. Goclor icnl Survey sn~ the Division of Irricction

of t~e _ Depnrtme~t . o~ Agriculture. Ou~ St ~ ~ G , County

c:.nd City G?V 8r:q.ments .c. re c o o:D.~?.: ~ r c tin ~ in e v :~ rY . possible

wcy •. Our people Lre l ending g helping h r: nd e nd our politicel pLrties ere striving to t ckG wLtor out of

politics. de stc:..nd with c.:. united front insofa r us

PRINCIJ;LE is concerned c.nd diffor only [;..S to PrtOCEDURE.

Some of us believe th ~ t wo cannot afford to spend

mere then. fifty , cents pe r e cre~f9ct initiul cost of

s~pr c ge f a cilities; others, p crhEps tQo optimistic,

f .oel that we 'Will be r ?p u. icl a t c. .. ny pri.ce_. Personclly,

-7- I incline toward the lc:.tter theory. All pro sent plc:,ns require repe.yment during terms of less thnn fifty yco.rs, even though we know thut these facilities will serve the ownGrs for perhnps G thouse:nd years. The lPcnds,

"~Nhich hc.ve been bonded for this repeymcnt, o.ssume the entire cost t o.nd yet th,3 tovvns which develop, the fcctories which c.:~ re built, Gnd the othor lands irrir:c~ ted from 'resulto.nt return flow owe their o.ll to these bonded c~cres. For ex8.mple, Puthfinder · W£: ~ ter used on the North Plstte Project has developed seversl hundred thousLnd ceres of Ncbrnske lend from return flow, which lands &ssume none of the cost of building; towns nnd factories he.ve grown arid continue to grow in the B&sin , nor do thoy assume a portion of the financial burden. The Burecu of Reclamation, interested only in vast projGcts, always builds substcnticl structures. Occosionnlly, privote interests do likewise, but in the majority of our sme.ller projE~cts, vve find thc.t there hes been o. le.ck of basic engineering inform.s.tion _

~nd ~ set of standcrds adopted _in the construction, too low to mc::.rk the ~ro ject c~s c. pGrmr,nent irn.]rovement. Some of our smeller du.ms occupy sites cepo.ble of o. lcrger structure snd c. groctly incrGc.sed storcge c&pacity, but not ~~ving been constructed with o.n enlc.. rgement in view, must :be remo.ted before c. higher or hec.vier dam me.y be ht..~d. It is a common thing for the smeller dams of earth to fail due to the method of

-8- construction and omission cf tests to select proper mc.terinls. Time will not permit c longer discussion of this subject, end I hove, therefore, prepcrod e booklet, which is G vnilc bl e for di stri buti on, gi v l.ng c~ gr•3n t me.ny ff:cts concerning "vVyoming wc.ter, end. two or three other crticlcs bec.ring upon the subject of construction of reclc.mo.tion projects; included elsa is ::· brief summery of the Montone Statuto crcrtinc; c.. Wuter Con­ servction Bocrd under which projacts h~ve been c~~roved for construction with federsl funds. I em certsin th2t there vv:Lll, eventuc:..lly, be D. system ostcblished whereby federr,l funds ffi( _, y become~ clvLil:J.ble for our smo.ll project development. I wish to assure Lll of you thct the office of the

St& te Engineer is c:.nxious to coop ert;.te vv-i th your c.~s­ sociation Gnd the water users of the Stcte in sponsoring any constructive movement .tending to obtuin ndditionnl irrigc.ted lc:··.nds or to imnrove the irrig~ tion interests n0w existing. You mby ull cssist me by giving expreBsion to your idees, ~nd especi&lly in the nGxt yerr, do I need your c~cti ve hel~_) in designing proposed c.greements concGrning interstate \reters. I tho.nk you.

-9- The following fiv~ pages are a rJvision and reprint of an article published in the lOth isPue

(1935) of a pampb.let compiled and distributed by the \Jyor11ing State Dep .. u·trnv-nt of J~.griculture under the t i tl.e of "WYOMING STArrrs~rrcs."

S-1 I R R I u A T I ) N

ED\IYIN W. BURRITT, STATE ENGINEER

Many major streams have their source in the mountains and lakes ef Wyoming and the prGper utilizatir:n of the Wtl~ers cf these streams has made possible the deYel·-pment of largtJ areas of agricultural land in Wyoming, almost wholly dependent ~n irriga­ tie:m for cropped agriculture. Further conserv.?~tion of theso waters by the construction of additional storag0 reservoirs will, in the f'ut1.1ro, insure a dependable water supply for lands now having an insufficient supply and will greatly increase the area of land under cultivtttion.

Tho Public Wcrks Administration has t=~pprovod a loan for the construction of tho Greybull (Upper Sunshine) Reservoir, and, although legal difficulties. have held up c0nstruction_, this reservoir will, no doubtt be built in the near future. Th~ Semina·.~ · ,_ Alcova and Bull Lake Roserv'Jirs are now under construction by the Un~ted States Bureau of Reclamation.

The mean annual discharge of Wyoming streams acr~~ss the state line is nc£1.rly 15,')00,)00 Rcre-foct, and a vast area ;:;f good land is foasiblo of irrigatLJn and will ultimately bo reclaimed.

The first farming in Wyoming by means of irrigation was done by Mormou il11h1igrants in the vicinity of old Fort Bridger about 185·±. Irrigation was not very e'·tonsive prior to 1880, but, since that time, development has eontinuod until, at the present time, it is estimated that about 21 600,000 acres ::>f land are irrigated or arc unrler completed irrigation systems.

Tho large~t reclamation devclopmoht in Wyoming has come through individual, partnership and cooperative ditches. In most case$, those lands arc lQoated in the stream valleys and the ditches and canals were easy to construct. The larger areas under the Carey Act Projects and the Projects of the Bureau of Recla­ mation mostly lie upon tho bench lands where long and expensive canals were necessary and large reservoirs were reouired to store the water.

The fol~cwing table gives the areas of land now irrigated and sus;:!cptible of irrigation under completed tanals or ditche~ in Wyoming and, also, an estimate of futur~ development:

. .-.' : .

H-2 ACREAGE IN vVYOivUNG U:JDER CO!·.npLFTED SYSTEMS

STREAM :ADjUDICATED !UNDER ~TOTAL :ADDITI~NAL :ESTIMAT- TO :PERMIT :(UNDER :PROPOSED :ED TOTAL :JAN. 1, 1936: ( CONSTRTJCTED): CCNSTRUCTED:UNDER PRE- :DEVELOP- :(ESTIMA'2_1ED) :SYSTEMS) : SENT PERMITS:MENT : (EsrriMATED) :WITHIN :40 :YEARS

North Platte River & 782,061 ., 114,000 896,000 200,000 1,096,000 Tributarie~ Snake River & Tribut.arie~ 123,334 8,000 131,000 25,000 156,000 Big Horn River & Tribu-b.arie~ 400,3 92 194,000 594,000 300,000 894,000 Green River & Tributarie~ 377,165 95,000 472,000 240,000 712,000 . Powder & Tongue Rivers & Tributaries 261,427 15,000 276,000 50,000 326,000

Miscellaneous 215,159 24,000 239,000 40,000 79,000

Total~ :2,159,538 45o,ooe 2,608,000 855,000 :3,464,000

S-3 Under the Carey Land Act, w11ich is administered by tho Ca.roy Act :Cepartmont in the Office of the Conrrniss ioncr of Public Land"s of the State of Wyoming, a total of 28 irrigation projects has been completed. The state has secured patent to 222,072 acres of land under tho projects, and settlers have boon placed on 172,545 acres. Thoro is about 51,000 acres of land still open to entry under the eompleted projects, and anyone interested can secure information on this matter from tho Commissioner of Public Lands, Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Tho following tabulation lists the acreage patented to tho stat& a~d to tho s0ttlers under eaoh:

Completed Projects

Project Acres Patontod Acres Patented to State to Settlers

Bench Canal 16,02 7,.,06 12.,506.28 John Soott 160.00 160.00 Cody Canal 19,228.04 16,868.26 Sidon Canal 19,307.08 18,478.76 Fitzsinrrnons 160.00 160.00 Elk Canal 2,480.21 2,101.~2 Polo Creek 320.00 320.00 Sage Creek 784.43 791.80 Whalen Falls 13,384.94 13~064.94 Big Horn Canal 19,468.23 17,878.05 Boulder 5,936.16 5,341.17 Lovell 11,020.05 10,432.17 Han ever 8,804.01 6,643.85 lNheatland N•• 1 10,563.23 2;698.56 Sahara 3, 728.92 3,688.92 La Prole 7,620.72 7 ,420. 72 Eden ~7,880.25 12,187.83 Lakeview 9,272.46 4,923.99 Shell 6,888.30 2,109.70 Reynolds "320.00 · 32C. 00 James Lako 10,851.75 5,453.99 Hawk Springs 14,580.37 13,580.37 Bertram 918.37 918.37 Fremont Lake 1,992.35 474.22 North Laramie 3,145.21 200.00 S ixty-S evE.m Reservoir 2;160.00 960.00 Rock Crook 4,429.81 4,029,81 John Hay 639.33

222,071.88 163,713.18

S-4 Gcver:rnr01~t Reclamation Projects

Tho United States Bureau of Reclamation is at present engaged in the construction of three major projects in the state, tho Riverton project, diverting water fro::n Wind Ri~rcr and proposing to reclaim an area of 100,000 acres of land ncar Riverton, Wyoming , when compl~) tcd; tho Casper-Alcova Projec-t;, diverting water from the North Platte River and proposing, eventually, to reclaim an area of approximately 66,000 acres noar Casper, Wyoming; and the Heart Mountain Division of tho Shoshone Project which will irrigate an area of 42,000 acres in tho victnity of Cody, Wyoming. Tho Scminoc Reservoir is being constructed for tho storage of irriga­ tion water and for power purposes in connection with tho Casper­ Alcova Project. The Bull L~ko Reservoir, now under construction, will provide additional storage for the Riverton Project.

The development of tho above projects will eventually provide for tho reclamation of 208,000 acres of land in Wyoming in addition to the lands now reclaimed under tho Shoshone Project and tho North Platte ~~ojoct of tho Bureau of Rcclanmtion.

The United Stat6s Indian Irrigation Service has constructed irrig~~tion works for tho reclamation of a largo area of land upon Indian reservations in tho state. According to tho 1930 Census, tho Indian Service has constructed ca~als a~d ditches to supply water for irrigation tt~ 57,668 acres of irrigable land and pro­ poses an Bltimate development of 78,660 acres, Of this a~roagc , 21,636 acres wore shovm as irrigated during tho year 1030. The source of water supply for those lands is lNind River and its tributaries.

Land is available for settlement under tho Shoshone Project and tho Riverton Project, and inquiries, relative to those projects, should be addressed to tho Buroau of Reclamation at Powell, Wyoming~ for tho Shoshone Project and at Riverton, Wyoming, for tho Riverton Project.

Tho following table shows tho acreages susceptible of irriga­ tion in Wyoming by the projects, novv- under development by tho Bureau of Reclamation, with tho clas~ification of land:

.. ..-··.,.>"' ---- ~ ..,_...,_ ...... ,.. . PUBLIC LAND :PRIVATE LAND .•- · WITH-: STATE: :ENTERED: OPEN: DRAv\[N: LAND :INDIAN :RAIL-: OTHER TOTAL PROJECT AND DIVISI~N :UNSOLD:LAND :ROAD : :ACRES ;ACRES: ACRES:ACRES ACRES:ACRE0: ACRES ACRES ... North Platte Project: : . Interstate Division 743 129: . 1934; 2806 I Jf6rt Le.~o u~.-~ f !~lll. 1 c. 1152: at;GO-t. ~- 29778: $1541 'Fotals for Project 188$4 1281: 2500: 31712: 54347

Riverton Project 11.3'91 3606! 53803: : J.Ooo 30000: 100000.

Shosho:ao Projoct: Garland Division 37110 190: 2071: 252: 2362: 41895 Fra.rrnic Divi~.:lon • 1411\) t 544: 3177: 311;., 235: 1564: 19941 WillW6od DivisiQn 6004 3843c l3QS: '305: 319: 1184@ Heart Mt . Division loO 38'602: 1907: ~74: 1195: 42038 Or egon Bf)..sin 1-'ivi•i&n 45000: 2000: 1000: 48000 Tot~J.~ fcrr Proj-ect 57384 4577: 90219: 4775: 409: 6440: 163804

Casper-Alcova Pro&cct . 66000 : Totals 87829 8183: 145303: ~ 72 75; leiOO 409: .~8152: 384151

Note: North Platte Project ac:rca ;, es from 31st Annual Report, Commissioner of Reclamation (1932 ).

~ State and private lands totals io not include those areas in Caspor­ Aleova Project ~n which figures ate not available. A1:ea I1·riga- Irrigable Area Dr::inage Bnsin ted, 1929 in E.:lterprises , 1930- Acres Acres

Missouri River Drainage 900,523 1,449,857

Big Hurn River and Tri~utaries 318,607 623,351

Tongue River and Tributcries 52,195 57,917

Powder River and Tributaries 49,135 57,844

North Platte River and Tributaries 452,752 671,716

Tributaries of South Platte River 17 , 34:0 19 '748

Colorado P.iver Dratnage 228,699 360,974

Gr8ftt Salt Lake Drainnre 47,379 59,351

Coll..llllbia RiveT Drainage .59,554 87,965

Total 1,236,155 l '958 ,147

S-7 Nmne of Heservoir ----Stream Pathfinder No. Platte Riv~r 1,070,000 Jackson Lake Snako Hivc;r 847,000 Shoshone Shoshonu E.iver 456,570 Gusrnse.y No. Platte Hiver 72,700 Pilot .3utte 1Vind Ri vr:.r 30,000 \iyoming Dev .#1 Laramie :Fd ver 5,360 Wyoming D&v. ii-~2 Laramie i.~i vGr 90,000 Lake Hattie Laramie ~-h v t.. r 68,500 Janes Lake Lj_ttle Laramie r~i v0r 41,100 Hawk S;)rings Horse Cl.. oek 19,443 La Pr:..;le I.B Prc.lc: Croek 20.,000 Goshen Hole B:o1.. se Creek 4,961 Gosh on :rorse Creek 6,288 Piorco · ~qock Creek 2,415 Sprine Creek Lake Spring Creek 4,970 Granite Sprin8s Crow Creek 7,367 Crystal Lake Crow Crt:;;ok 4,513 North Crow North Fk. Crow Creek . 1,868 \lyoming Ho1·eford;~;l Crow Cred-c 878 Hymning I·l\:n•-:f ordif2 Crow Creek 795 Edc~n li l Big Sandy 18,490 New Fork Lake Wust Fk. Now Fork 23,788.8 'vl i llow Lake ·v,iillow Creek 15,120 Bouldvr La.~.::e 3ould8r Croek 23,095 Fremont Lake Pine Creek 10,763 67 Res. No . :?incy Crook 4,329 Lake De Smc:t Pino:r Cl'eek 25,000 Big Gooso Park Big Goose 7,395 Big Eorn C1·oss Croek 2,620 Lake Ad.:.;laide ..: \.delaide Creek 3,187 Ray Hes. South Fk. Little Wind Hivdr 7,360 Emma ivia t i ida Snako River 1,710 Uinta if3 Blacks :Fork 4,000 l~brrw~:'" I_,akc Pine.r Creek 2,500

Total 2,904,085

S-8 P~·HIJCil?A.I_ -~ 7()POS:!ZD 1-C:Sl'~nVOIRS . --,------· .- ·- ·-·-·-··--

NaT"te of Rf.is t. rvoir Capacity -----· . *Seminoe North Platte River 1,360,000 *Alco....-a " " n 170,000 *Bull Lake Bull Laku Creek 155,000 Upper Sunshine Grt:y'!Jull Ri vc:~ 49,458 Coyote Creek B::; ar Ri vor 45,370 Anchor Owl Cre-.-k 12,464 Lnh:e Creek Lake Greek l,24'J Ts nsleep M~adows 'J:Gnslc:ep Creek 12,353 HorsG Crc:..:;lc North Plfitto ~ivc r 57,029 E 7 Hors.-j Greek 8,800 !iicDott&ld " " 21,540 *vJyomiEg Dev .if3 L::~. ram} . e Ri Vt)r North Piney North Piney Creek ~)' 585 Black's .iork Black's Fork CreBk 12,064 SavGry Savt.iry Greek 45,763 Big Bendrfl Mnddy Creek 42,724 Ra.whi de Creek Rawh:Ld.e CrtJe k 34,755 Red £'ork · H0d Fork(Powd0r River} 31,8~0 Caballo B'.;lle F'ourche 58,787 Cottonwood Cottonwood (Balt IH v .. r) 4,962 So.lt River Salt Hiv0r 4,293 Cottonwood (Platte Co.) Cottonwood 4,200 Cr·ow Creek Ttes . Crow Cr ~.;o k 2,677 Grc.:. ss Creek Res. Grass Cre;.;: k 2,596 C(='LStGll B.Lg Creek 66,200 Bosler .Rock Crc •. k 58,000 Ma thr..,'h'SOll J a ck Crou k 17,900 Cron0c. rg l.Ldi c inc Bow 1-q. V t :.r 13,500 Halleck " " " 16,490 M- Bar North L!iramie Hi v c~ r 17,900 EJ.d Hollow Elk Hollow & 3rush Creek 11,000 Prosser Dale Creek 2,312 Gre6n River Lakes Gre-en River 160,000 ·1.1iddle PintJy MiG.dlc; Piney 11,000 La Barge La Bargo 4,030 Di:c.woodic L:~~ k8 Dtnwoodie CrE>J k 23,000 l,ouis Lake Little Popo Agie 8,000 Solitude Paint Rock Creek 6,000 Oregon Basin s . Fk. Shoshone 250,000 Cottont'Jood( I,ittlc Powder) Cottonwood (Little Povidor) 4, 960

Total 2,811,802

*Un

S-9 Mea sure.tl Ru.n-off Aver&ge .Ann~al Slireqm I..oc. of Gc.ge Years of Pecor(1 T'liscb.ergc at st. Lino-Acre Feet. ------...------.--....·------· - -- Rvdwator Crouk Beulr:h, nyo. 1923-1931 39,000 Belle l!'ourchG Tiver Hulett , ~fyo. 1929-1932 129,000 Little Missouri Ri v·.:;r f.:lzada , ~lant . 1929-193~ 69,000 Powdor River ?'.Jear Arvft da , 1924-1903 3671000 Hyo. Tongue " Decker, Mont . 1928--1933 338,000 Big For•n ~ ~ K[.',ne , -~!yo. 1929-1933 · 1,?92,000 Clark s Fcrk c ·~~a nce, .Mont . 1924-1933 689,000 Yellov.r~:?-tono H. Curwin Spring£, 1924-1933 2,134,000 rwnt . Gt:irdinor R. ~.1arm:noth :~~)t 1924-1933 123-.000 S:prin@:fl, \'J:ro . Snakp -;;,. Al;...ine , IC.BbO 1916-1918 4~865,000. SHlt R. .~,.1. bine, Idn.ho 1917-19~8 280,000 Buar ? . !-Iarer, Idaho 1924-1933 323,000 Boar R. E-vanston, ·: Jyo . 1924-1933 147,000 G-:: .. con ?. LllwJood , Utah~ 1929-193~ 1,258,000 Little S.~tt'tkO SLate Lin~,.? 1917-1922 547,000 Crovv c~ - . ( Co ....put((d) c~~ow C:... c~--eyonno ' ~:yo . 1923-1924 13,000 Ledge Pvle Cl . S"'vc; tc lrin·:; 1931-1933 8,000 ( C~·mputoc) :~o~:sc C:r . Y\Jdor, ~iyo . 1928-1933 19,000 :·Torth I)lattc ? • 'J:' o-NfJb. Sta tc 1929-1933 1,140,000 I.ine Niobrara P. D\.:m.;Lf··tp , Ft! br. 1931-1933 31,000 Cr.. eyonne ,. Ecgemont , S.D. 1928-1933 175,000

Estimc:.tod Flow C:!·ossing tho Ststc L:.Lne ill T~ta1 14,486,000 Stro?ms , F:..y_:L:ry_; NC? Gr~_E.g S_t~_tiont . ---

County Estimated Dr&inage f.rr;;n in 1rro. Sq. ----·- ·----· ;< ilo~ -· ---

H~ · !:/ C1·cek Crook 97 Sr_• . Mlles 7,900 Cl·OVJ' C~ook do. 45 11 :; 2,700 Thompson C:r· • do . 23 ri n 1,400 L:ttle Pdr. R. c~npbell 1470 ·: T " 147,000 Bitter C:r ·. do. 128 'li if 12,800 J_,i tt1e ~~~o:rn . c . Sl.!Crioan 330 " " 25,800 :t urcupine c--. Big Eorn 165 II tf 13,000 ~· ,, Gallatin . Yellowstone "J: o 54 Vf 6,500 i'.1t~.di son f . do . 660 .i H 78,600 F"'lls 'R . ti'l18 r~-:rk & 220 " :t 25,100 L: ~ ·col.n Co • ... ~,J • F~~ • rl; ~ton R. Li~1coln C::; . 120 H tT 13,700

s-10 Estime,ted 11'Jovl Crossing t~1e S+ate Ljne in Streams , Ravine 1\J.o G8ging 2t::J.t ion. s . ( C:.Jnt 'd) ·· ·· ~----- ·· -- · -· . !~. ii~tod Dr.ainage-Avorage Annual Stream County Are3. in Wyo . Sq . Discharge at St. 1.1i.J.es. Line-Acre Feet. ~ -- · -·-· Thomas Cr. Do 15 Sq.. Miles 1,700 3ridgsr Cr. Do 56 tt " 5,600 S8n.q Cr. Sweetv.rater &. 250 n " 7,000 Ca:rbon Dale Cr. Albuny 90 n n 2,500 H n Lone Tree Cr. L'3.ramie 1~0 3,600 Indian Cr. Niobrara 90 n n 2,500

Average Annual Outflow CrosEing St3.te Line 14,843,000

1t should be noted ,howovEr , that this 14,843,~00 acre-feet of water is not all unappropriated v,atbr, b,Jt is lar8el7 used in the states of Idaho, T\1o:ntana , Nebra:Jka, South D:.1kota, Colorado and Utah, and a ·considerable amount of it is stored in the .American Falls Reservoir, Bear Lake :Rt::;se:i'Voir , BouJ.der Dam Roservoir and the Sutherland Reservoir .

Based upon records of existing projects this quantit~r of water would I 1eclaim about 9, 895,000 acre2 of la.nd , assuining a consumptive uso of 1.5 acre feet, and that the entire auount of water could be beneficially used.

14,843,000 acre-feet of water is sufficient to fill Pathfinder Reservoir 14 times.

S-11 AvYK.AC ·_, ANNUAL OFF .... SZASONAL FLO\JS OF P£UNCIPAL IlJT.ERSTATE S11REA.TtJS

Loca-tion of Averaee annual Averae,e annual Average sage nearest discharge at seasonal flow annual Stream state line state line Nay 1-Sept. 30 off­ seasonal flow Acre-feet Acre-feet Acre-feet

Redwater Cr.:Beulo.h, Wyo 39 ,02C· 20,310 18,710 Belle Fourche R. Hulett, \/yo. 129,000 36,~2~ 92.5?5 Little Miss- 68 ,8ti.5 22,780 46,065 ouri R. Alzada, Mont • Powder R. Arvada, -~iyo. 36o,540 ' 170, ?50 195,?90 Toneue R. Decker, r.Iont. 2•38 ,05(' 267,105 70 t 945 Big Horn 11. Kane , ~Jyo. 1,792,000 1,21?,840 5?4,16"' Clarks Fork Chance, Mont. 689,460 608,610 80,850 Yellowstone Convin Springs R. Mont. 2,133,?80 1 '64,± ,490 489,290 Gardiner H. Mammoth Hot S!:Jrings, ~Jyo. 122,600 86,990 35,610 Snake ::!.. Alpine, Idaho 4:,864,800 4,021,330 843,470 Salt R. A~.pine, Idr:.ho 280,000 272,500 7,500 Benr :t. Harer, Idaho 323~000 163,930 154,070 B6nr }t. Evanston, ',;:ro. l47,0SO 99,290 4?,800 Green H. Linwood, Utah 1,258,400 891,62C 366,780 Little State Line Snake ~~. ~couputed) 5-46 '500 ~29,170 117,330 Crow Cr. Cheyenne, Uyo. 13 ,t_.~O 7 '8~20 5,620 Lodge Pole St!ite Line Cr. ( c onrra ted) 8,320 ??0 7,550 Horse Cr. Yoder, vlyo. 19,300 5,920 13,380 No. Platte R. \!yo. N::~br. line (outflow) 1,140,400 646,800 493,600 do Colo-Wyo. line (i~flow) 603 ,0~~0 238,965 364,055 Niobrara R. Dunlap, Nebr. 30;800 10,810 19,990 Cheyenne R. EJgcraon t , S • D• 175,860 89,420 85,640

Total avernge off~seBson flow-- 3,402,670 A.F.

S-12 The question of interst:J.tc divi s ion of water occu2.:-s viith t!le states of lvionta:1a , Idaho, Ut~h, Colorado, Nebraska and South Dakota. The followi~g stre8ms either leave or enter Wyoming and are tabulated hy counties. (f.'Iinor st'rsams not listed.)

B)rder State --Strea11·-1s Crook South Dakota Bell€l Fourche Hivcr, Redwater Creek, Hay Creek, Crow Creek. do Montana Lj. ttle L1i sGouri :u vGr, Thompson Creek. Campbell do Pov..·de::r :-a v~::r, Little POINder River, :Sitter Cr$ek~ Sheridan do Ton 2~uo :Ki ver, Little Horn River. Big :r:orn do Big Horn rtiver, Porcuptne Cre8k. Park do C]ark Fork Yellov:stone national Park do Yullovv-stone River, Gardj ner River, Gallatin River. do Idaho :ladison River. Teton do Falls ~iver , No . Fk. Teton River. Lincoln do SLake River, Salt Hiver, Bear River(out) Bridt_:er Creek. do Utah BE:;ar River (in) ; r.2hor;J.a s Creek. Uinta do Bear River(out); 3ear River (in); Blacks Fk. (in) ; Henrys Fork (in) • Sweetwater do Green River , Henrys Fk. (out); Carbon Colorado No . Platte Ri~er, Little Snake River (out) ; Little Snake River (in); Enc~i:Clp;· 1cnt rti ver (in) • Albany do Laramie River (in). Laramie do Crow Creek. do Nebraska Lodgepole Creek, Goshe.n do No . Platte River (out); Horse Creek. Niobrara do Niobrara River 1-Jiobrara South Dakota Cheyenne River. \Jeston do "Seaver Creek.

S-13 ~"!YOHING

IRRIG/-;.TION DEVSLO.:.:t&:N1.1 illJDER U. S. I:Nl)Itl. I::?RIGA;l;ION SERVICE ""· - .. - ··------··-·-- - - ·~------· - .. - ·-

Ultimate Under Cunstructed Unit Develo~ment Canals _,(Acre~- - - ___(Acre_s_L __,_ Upper l!ind River 17,414 11,686 Johnstown 2,208 2,103 LeClair 8,517 6,441 Sub-Agency 12,973 10,888 Ray .17,996 14,643 Coolidge 1}_2~3 11 ,68~

78,661 57,443

Under constructed canals, 57,433 acres

Ultimate area to be reclaimed, 78,660 acres

Total cost of development, when completed $823,141

S-14 W¥0MIN..Q.

.. .;....;;....______IRRIGArriON' DEVELOPivTinNT UNDER__ U.______S. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

Wyomingls contribution to Reclamation Fund to June 30, 1933, $401165,757.09

Acreage under Completed Systems:

Ft. Laramie Canal, 55,437 acres Interstate Canal, 3,184 " Shoshone Project, 73,581 ,, Riverton Project, 32,000 n

Total, l64,202 acres

Acreage under Projects under Ccnstr1,.1ction:

Riverton Project (Addit;.onal), 68,000 acres Casper-Alcova Fro j ect, 66,000 u Heart Mountain Project, 42 ,000 n

Total, 176,000 acres

Acreage Irrigat~d in 1935~

Ft. Lqramie Canal, 50,000 acres ( E8t.) Interstate Canal, 2,800 " " Riverton Project, 7,532 " Shoshone Project, - · 531754 " Total, 114,086 acres

Amount Expended to June 30, 1933:

Riverton Project, $ 3,888 ,65€. 50 Shoshone Project, 10,008,828.62 North :Platte Project (Hybming' s share) , 4,615,000.00

Total , ~18,512,405.12 k..&ount to be Spent on Projects unde::r- C•.)nstruction:

Casper-Alcova Project, $22,700,000.00 Heart MountB.in I 'roject, 5,800,000.00 Riverton Project, (Includes Bull Lake) 6,066,000.00

rrotal , ~34 ,566,000.00

The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation has placed settlers· on apDroximately 110,000 acres in Wyoming.

S-15 CAS..:)F.R-.A"!.3CCVA PHO J 2:CT - ~ - · __... .. ,...... -.....__...... _ , - --·

Tl1 8 C:.:.sr8.r-Alcov:-J. P_·ojoct is locat::Jd in central Wyo­ ming in the vicinity of Cas~or, enJ th0 lrriffable lands are all located in Natrona County, 'vfyoming . The proj Get con­ sists ·'Jf tl1e Semin6u storar~e and power dam and an irriga­ tion u::1i t, c ·Jnsisting of tho Caeper-.Alcovf.l di Vl:::;l·sion da"ll. und 106 milo r.anal to supply v~ator to an ar ~; a of 6u ,000 acres of irrisable land l:;in,c:~ rort:'l , vmst 11nd south.vlr:Jst of Cespcr.

T::e iru-igablo land, vvh~ . ch 5.ftcr thorough soil ex­ aminations ha8 bc;an care!ully s .. .; lsctcct froa 2. tract of: over 220,000 .s.crcs, totals 6~ ,000 acr.:.;s . Grcascwood lunds, roue:_ h &rcas and 9-hallo\r.r soils vmr0 excluded. The o.rea uxtcnils :1orthoast from ncar Alcov5. Gap in a co.mpara­ ti v·.:;ly narrm..f striiJ for ~bout :~o :t~ib:s alon,a: the J.~orth Platt.o Ri vBr end then wtdons out n,;rth of lliisr3nt Gap Hide:c to a muxir:mm cast-west. width of about 23 niles. Tho ~o juct he.s a maxir·1um lf1nzti1, :·wrth ~_tn.d south, of !37 P1iles.. The i.rri.f',;e.ble ar<::m is cut up by bodies of non­ agricultural land. Nearly all of the irrig~ble lunds ar~ in :pri vn to ovmorship and aro ~ oVI us6d as .~-razing land.

\iAT2R S'tJP:PLY:

Wat:r for th~ irrigation of ln~ds in tte CaspGr­ Alcova ProjGct will be su,9licd f7on th~ ~ircct flow of tho North Plg;.ttu Hi V3J' and fr01a water stored ir. tl'lc Scminoo Res0r~Qjr, which is undor coPstructioY: and ~gill h·] ve a ce.paci ty ~ l ,050, OCO ccr,;; fc.et.

Tho Sem.inoc J:{\:;S...;l'Voir vlill be formed hy construc­ tion of the Semino8 Darn, which is to bo built ecross the North Platt3 Ri vcr a few milf'.;·s o.bove the upper end of the Pathfinder RGservoir and about 65 miles southeAst of Casper, ·wyo:ning. In ~!. ddition to :pro-v-idinc storage of 1,050,000 acre-feet of' wat0r for irrigation, tho Se111i!10G dam is to provide storc_ge and head for the development of power. This dam will bo a concrwtc arch dfl..m, 185 fe::;t in height, above tho stream bed.

A hydro-electric power plant if to bo built at the dov.rnst'I'Jan too v:hich is expected to dc.v ...;lop 38,400 kw. of Llectrical :powr;r fron v:ratc.-r dir:cbcrged fror.1 the rc.:s :3r­ voir.

The irrige,tion unit calls for the construction of Alcova Dan to bo built o.n tho North Platte River at tho lower end of Alcova Ca~yon, about 32 miles up the riv~r

S-16. fr·on G~spor, \Jyoi.nj nt~• fll.e AlC'.ovn l)mu v~il1 bB an earth nnd !'(1~.:.\. fi1l structur.:J ,. 2?;,~ fec;i: :cj gh anc1 a!Jout 1000 feot l:Jng at th·3 crcH.'t. An outlc: t tu"'l~tel, 20 f<:ot in dj_amcter, ha..s ba~n corn-plGted ttu~ourr,ht tbo Eouth wall of tre -can:_ron. Thir: dam r!ill rciie.·J t 1 ~u wat::;r PIC' feet for di v.s rs~;.on to th:.;. mai.n supply canal tl1rough hcadv;'orks locat8d abuut 1 milt..:: to the west of the dam. The canal sys:tc;m cor11prises 106 miles of main cannl and 32 milos of latarel canal.

Tho nain C3nal will have an initial C-'.lpacity cf 1200 second-f..::et, a.1d, as the upper part is throue;h a rough bl'okc-;n country, 1 t will roquiro tho construction of ~bout 4 milQs of concrst~3-lin :.; d tunnel and a nu..-nber of' re'i:nf'orccd-c?na!'etc &1pllons, c:roes-dra:Lnage structure.s and vJast ;ways.

It is prdposed at t.b,is tine: to construct the system for the irrig~tion of abQ~t ~,000 acr~s of land in what io called the f~rst unit arid lr::ttor to c o~pleto the systo,m f"o.r the irrigr.tie;i of the ontiro 66,0CO acros.

The total cost of the 0ntirc ~rojoct has been cstirJated at ~22,700,000.

~STih::ATED COST

Scr1i!W€".J Dam $ 3,785,000 Power Plant 2, 2,80, 000 Transmission Lines .._0365,000 Total 8,430,000

A.J.aova Dam 3,039,000 Main Cc~nal &,853,000 l,at.:::rals 2,077,000 Drains 1,980,000 rrr:lep.Q.ono S~rst3I!l. __56 , ()O..Q. Total 14,305,000 Grand Total 22,735,000

It is. p-ro-posed to r \.:.pay p::1rt of th-~ cost by a ehargc of $DO .00 :per £'~Cro aeainst tho irrie;.ablG acrenge; to be pP..id over a perio-' of 40 :;oars. !he re:t:unincler or the cost, ..a.I!lount­ ing to abcu~ $17,000,000, is to bo rcpuid by pov·1er sales.

TRANSPORTATION:

T'tte C.B. & Q,. and the C. &. N.W. Railro~1ds run from Casper' northwest~srl:r through th~ r1airr bDd~r of irrir,ablc S.-17 lanrls Jn t,rl8 pre>jcct as ~l8o douf U. S . 20 , tho Ycllow­ sto~o IIi2?; 1 LVva:r , 'l.n oil surf'F!ced highw'ly. U. S . ~Ughway 87 E runs so 1thT.rc st fror:1 Casper to Alcova throu ~ h tho upper end of t}l G ir ri gublo area . U. S. :-:Ii.gh1·my 87, b ?. tWcGn Casper a~d ShorjJcnJ is located &long ~h2 oart ad~J of thu irri­ gnblc lands. C~spcr, a city of ab~ut 17,000 pvpUlRtion with thrEY; larg:; oil rt-finerics, is lor.atc:- d near the south­ JflSt ~dg0 of tho project.

TOPOGF.P..PHY AliD SOILS :

T.u.e land-s lio at an cL::·v~tion of slj_ghtly over 5000 feet. The to:9ography varivs from fs.irly s:rJ.ooth to f'Ot1•,;Whrtt rough and rolling. The soils ran g~; fro.'U sandy to sandy clay loam vii th a tendency to h6aVy clay in some of the lov:or ar0as.

PRESENT CONST:?.UCTION: .. - .. -....._.. .

The Casper-Alcova Project was approved, by the Prosi­ d&nt, on July 28, 1933, for construction und --:r tho Public norks Administration, and an allotmc-mt of $2'' , ?CO , COO was made ~y tho Secretary of tho Int(.rior on Aue;ust 1, 1933.

Roads havo bx:;;en construct___.d to th(; Scmino-J D8II1 r.i to and a construction canp built. A .rart of the r(;s8rvoir site has boon cleared of logs, troos and brush, and a largo aflount of diaTiond drilling and other exploratory work compl8ted. Actual construction of tho d~ is now starting.

The Alcova D~u1 diversion and outlet tunnel hns been completed, the foundations strippod and prepared for tho earth and rock fill.

The upper 3.6 miles of the; Caspe r Can11l is nearly completc:1d . This section consjsts of Q r!ldial t;at-3 intake structure, 2 tunnels with a combinod lonc~th of 7200 foot, one cpncr:;te highway brid~ .J , tvJO 14 fo-Jt diar1et~ r concrete siphons and about 2z miles of open cut canal excavation.

A pJvrcr line has bec3n const.:--uctcd from C·.-.spor to Seminoe via Alcova and a tol0phonc line from the Pathfinder line near Aicova to Alcova and Seminoo.

CHOPS:

T:w area is in the cent or of an oxte::nsi ve ranee county and tho chief market will bE.- to suppl~.r winte;r feed for live­ stock. Under jrrigution, excellent yinlds of alfalfa , sugar boots and all grains would be assured . Drrir:r farming vmuld bo profitable with a near c.arkct at Casper and tho Salt Croek oil field.

S-18 The Heart Mountain Prdject consists of what has been called the Heart Mountain Division of the Shoshone Project of the United States Bureau of Eeclam.ati-vn.. The Shoshone Project is located in Park and Dig Horn Counties, Wyoming, c.nd lies just east of Yellowstone I)ark. The constructed portion of the project consists of the Garland, Frannie, and Willwood Divisions. 'l;1he entire project contemplates the construction of the Heart Mountain and Oregon Basin Divisions.

IRRLGABLE AREA: ~~ - The irrigable area in the main Heart Mountain Division lies in a eompact bcdyt beginning with a width of about two miles at the upstream ext~e~ity ne~r Cody, Wyoming; .and ex­ tends in a widening strip in the nortrwasterly direction for a distance of about twenty-three miles to a point west and a li tt~.a north of the ToV~m of Powell, Wymning, where the width is about e;i.ght ar;d one-ha~f Pliles. - ~o extensions of this area ·consist qf the Chapman Bench nnd the Pole Cat Bench. rrhe ~aproah 'Bench eBbraces ah area of atout 7, 'JOO acres of land, lying almost directly north of nea~t Mountain, and is in the Clark's Fork River Drainage~ The Pole Cat Bench e]"\braees an area of 23, 00~ acres of irri,r~able land located on the bench north of Fewell, yJyoming. The Pole Cat .Bench area, however, is not included as a prn·t of the Heart Mountain development now under construction. -HATER SUPPLY: The Heart Mountain Division will be served by a high­ line canal, diverting water from the Shoshone River at the Shoshone Daxn. This canal will be of an average-elevation of about 4800. The vvater supply is from th'e natural flow of the Shoshone River and storage in th-e Shoshon-e Reservoir alrGady constructed. The Shoshone Reservoir has a construc­ ted capacity of 456,6JO ac~e feel•

-TRANSPORT..:-VIIOt~:. ....

The land·~.!>" :)£'" the He.art Ivlountain Division are served. by a branch line of the C. B. & Q,. R~ilway System, which runs from Cody to a connection with the main line at Frannie, Wyoming. This railroad runs along the south boundary of the irrigBble lands and would be within about eight miles of any point in tbe :r:tain area of the lands. The Powell- Cody Highway adjoins the southern bound.a.ry of the division for a few miles below RalstGn, Wyoming, and parallels it at a distance of one or two :;J.iles throughout the remainder of the distance to Cody. The Powell-Billings Highway traverses the Pola Cat Bench, and the Black and White ·Trail cuts through the Chapman Bench and jo1ns this area with Cody on the south and Belfry and Red Lodge on the north. The ,r~ject is, therefore, well served wlth transportation facilities. 8-19 J'.1ARKETS:

Tho main production of the; H.:K.trt rliountain J.qnds vrill probably· br: cr~ps t"!1at can bc,st be r1arl~eted by f o:.;ding to li vcstock. Largo nwnb .. ~rs of cattle and 3bcep are grazed in tho imm-::diate vicinity, and grazj_ng lund 0djoin.s tho -yroject. Dairy pr~ductS' co.n b0 Pl'lrkot:~~d nt the cr ~~~am ·ric.~s at Billings , Cody, and Powell. Produc~s of t~e project will bJ shipped ~~rincipally to Denver, O';labrt, :.:md ~";)nn­ oc:polis .

T1•G irr1f:~ablo s.croaf)0 in this division totals 41 , 000 ao-rs s·, of vihich 32 , 000 acrGs ara in. t!lu main Hoo.rt lVlountain Di vi sior::., 7 , 000 u. cr ~; s are in the Chapnan B:..nch ar:;a, and ~~, 000 a cr t";;~- aro undc; r a -vrop.osecl punping unit .

"r:~.._ lands in tl::.is division consi.st of a S ~:;: rios of b enches , risi~g from the 'resent river l e vel to elevations above the proposod canal~ T': 1 C s J lands h~:nr:::: <\ smooth topogr0phy, slopin~ from west to oast vdth a fall of 9bo~t 100 feet to the mil0 in the upper ~o r~ion s a~d nbout 60 fEot to ths mile in t h~ enstGrn nart. Ttc to9 soils aro sandy clay, ve.ryj_ng in ~L3:~ th from"' l·ili· to 4 f c.·c t, V/ i th a grA V ~::.: l sub­ soil . T ... c soils do no.,t hnva E:JXces::iv•.:; alko.li cop.tcnt and tlcc producti Vt; cn~)aci :C:r of the soile. is considered as good ns n.Hy of tbG l1-1nds in th"' :projuct .

Tho vm t r; r supply f'or the: IIue:.:-t ;:iountain Di visi ::>n will be di ver·te;d from the Shoshon~; H.k 1.rc r t11l'O'.lfh tho C._.nyon Canal ~1ich pro~osas to supply weter for all new areas to be da v­ c:lope:d in the; Shos~onG P!·..)~Cct . rr;l\., c s.nal is locatnd on tho south side of tho Shoshone: Ri vcr and oxtonds fro.I!l tbe S .~\oshone D...J.L1 to ths mouth of Sho shrJnE: Canyo ~l , q dist!lnco of e.bout 3 miles . From thL:~ psint, tho Hc::1rt lvl:uun tain C .~•Ylal crqsses the S!t~ .... ~.one Ri vel' in a concr~:;te and steel plpe: si·phmJ.} havinc a total longth of 2 200 foc t and a :r.mxj.mun h cgd of 203 f eet . Fron the ond of this siphon , the Cffilal e xtends in a north­ easte rly diroction for about 25 mi.lcs . Tnis canal v.rilJ. have a capacity of, about 910 s e cond-foot . ---COSTS-: SeE; table .

Contract has boon l et for th J construction of tunnels Nvc .. 1 , 2 a nd 3 , which a:f" ) locEttf;d on tho Shoshone Canyon Cn!tdui t .

S-20 RE:t:Jo:rr ON SllOSEONE FHOJEGri 4.:XT·:.:l,1SIONS , J.TI. Iakisch, 1931.

Heart Mountain Division, Shoshone Project

Wyoming .

SummGry of Costs

Ft:ature Estirn.ated Cost -~------

*Exar:J.inc.tion c..nd Surveys , Past and Future .·$· ' 99,000 **Canyon Canal, length 2.90 miles , 9~- of total cost 1510 956,148 IIain Canal, Head to South Ear1 r= nc st Creek, length 21.37 miles 2.' 253,591 I.~ain £an3.l, Sou t]"', })1.€;1 ene~:t Cre(:: k to end , length 6.10 miles 862,729 Chapman Latsral, l ength 8.05 miles 319, C89 Ralston Lateral, longth 4.36 miles 63,436 Pumpin~ Plant 70,000 Telephone line, ~)0 r'1iles 21.,000 Camp buildjng~, 2 CC:linps 8,000 Operetion L:.nd Iviaintc·nance durin:?, construction .. at ~5 . 00 per acre 205,000 SettleQent a~d Dev3lopment at ~~ . 00 per acre 123,000 Drainage at ~20 per acre 820 ' 0_00 Total :$ 5,800,993

;$142

*Inclwles cost to August l, 1931, amounting to :t 79, 150.

**Balance of total cost amounting to -,t630,428 charg(:;d to Oregon Baein Division and Grey':mll Valley Irrigation District.

S-21 ----PRESENT··--- COHSTHUCTIOH:·-----·- An allocation of ERA funds, in the amount of $1,500 , 'JO , has been mG..dP for this :rroject , and bios v:ere roc -.; ivvcl on Decemb e r 5, 1935, for tho construction of throe tunnels with a total length of 3.bout 11,200 feet or O'rt r t "'v'JO miles. Tpose tunnels have nn inside dia~eter of about 12 f o· t ~n d a c ~ pncity of 1200 second-feet. The rcnaiP. dc·· of the canyon section of the C3.nal whe r .::; tunns l is not r.~ ;; u i r ~~;~ will b o a clo:.3cd and covt:.~'i:.;d condni 't.

P: ' ob ~J. bl e c ::."" OP2· to b t:: grmJn on t:·.c s ~-~ l a nds a:-e AJ..!'alfa , Pot:?, tOGS ' B ~.,'.l!lS ' Sugar B·Jo ts' GJ..•aLJ.S ' 3.lld rrurk;.;ys .

8-22 T!h.; Riverion Project, under construction by the U.S. B~eau of Reclamation, is. located in FremoJ;,lt County, W:,roming, .,,__ _ an

It is intended to ultir.~tcly reclaim an araa of 100,000 acres of land n,.orth of t11.:.; town of Riverton, Wyoming. The WestDrn ena 0~ the irrigeble aroa is about 8 miles SOJthwest of th8 town of Pavillion and extends east abor~t 3{5 miles to the west ·sid~; ()f the Big R'

!HATER SUPPLYf ---t~-- The water supply for this project is diverted from Wind Rivor and storagp is at present provided in Pilot Butte_ Hcsorvoir constructc0d to a cnpadii t:r of 31J, O'JO Rcrs fc:;et. Additional storege will bu pr6vided in Bull IEko Reservoir, now u~~er construction, which will store 155,000 acre-feet of water. ~- ate:r sup:pl~t sho'.lld be ar:1plo a.t all timos.

I:l1tiGA'l'ION PLAN:

'-... . + . Th e 1rr1gavlOn plan .for tho ultinato devGlopmcnt of . 1:-~.e ~a vert on project :provides for the; storago of flood wat.:;rs of Bul~ Lake and Dinwobdy Ciro~ks in tbe Bull Lake and Dinwoody He£orvoirs. rrhe vvyomiug Canal div8rts W2.ter from Wind Ri v t· r c.. t fl con~~ete overflovr dmn loc::1tcd ?.bout 15 miles above Pilot and 35 miles ~1bove Riverton, Wyoming. The Viyom~ng Cb.nal is tte r~1ain cunal for ths project and also a supply \cano.l :ft)r the Pilot Butte Reservoir, which is located about 10 mi.l·.:;s b·Jlow t!:l.e head of tho canal and is constructed to a cT;x:.ci ty of 3-o, 000 ac:,·e-feet. The main cc.nal lls.s an initial capacity of 2°00 eecond-feet and runs easte·rly along the upp,_;r 0dgo of' the irrigable aroe.. The Pil,ot C~nal di v;:;rts at the Pilot Butte Rcs2rvoir gnd runs southeast to cov ~ r the lands n~arcst to Riverton. A hydro­ olcc~~ic plant has been installed at the Pilot Butte Reser­ voir with n pr~sent capacity of lOOC kv.a and provisions mede for a secon(\ unit.

COSTS:

Tho compl ~ t8d system has been ostimated to cost about ~9,000,QOd , c:.::1d approximatGly $3,900 , 000 has boan expended S-23- on construction up to ·t~t& ti~s. The cost of water righte to settlers will be about ~90.00 per aero to be paid over a period of 40 years with no interest on the principal.

TP..AHS?OTITATI O:tJ:

Riv:n·ton, ~iyoD.ing, on tho C. & N •.W. H.R. is the nenre$t railroad poin~ and tho project lands lie from 9 to 28 miles from ttiat town.' U.s. High"~.'vay 287 skirts th8 southv~Test bound ... o.ry of the .Project for 25 miles and crosses Wind River· at the Diversion Dan. Two secondary gravclc.:d highways connect the project with the main highway.

The altitude of tbe lapd is from a~out 5000 to 5500 feet. Tho land is t~;cnerally rolling and some q_:.dtJ smooth. The general foJlopo of tl.w coun~y it: to tt.e cast '\lj t~1 an ~v:~- raeo fall of 25 foet to tho m~~e. Soils va~y fron s~nd~ loam to cJ.ay loznn. wi tl,l no blacl{ e.lkali. All areas conteirdn~ suffi­ ciont elkuli to be injurious to crops have ~oe~ 9limineted from 1rrigablc areas.

PRESE:·T'r COl, ST?~UCTION:

'l1he .diversion d'li!l and 17 niles of the \Iyoming Canal have beon corapL::ted of which 4~ milos o.rc concrC:;t·J lirwd. The Pilot Butt8 Rew::- rvoir has been co:Lst:ructed to a capacity of 30,000 acrs-fcet and tho hydroelectric plant and trans­ - ~ission lines instn1lod. Sev..::r~ l l Hiles of tr;r:;, Pilot Cane,l .j1as been construct:-.Jd qnd ths 1st: 1.'ri.1 s~,~stem comple ted for about· 32 , COO acres in the ?nvillio21 and Pilot Divisions.

Of this area, 7500 acr2s ~er~ irri ~a tod in 1934, and the poo:ple On farms under the ~--I'O j c;ct had inc roe S · ~Cl to 414 at that t:irr.~.e.

CRO?S:

Crops th2t can bG grown succossfully ~re alfalfa, sweet clove-r, small c::ruins, coY' ~: , potutoc; s, beu!l.s, Sllf3:<.tr boets and garden vegetables. Duiry and boer cattle do very well, ~nd over 100.000 sheep ar ~ raised within 75 miles of the projsct. BU,LL _lJ\KE PRO JECIJ.,

S.,ho Bull Lt·.ke Project ,roposes the con.st:ructton of a stor~ge reservoir on Bull Lake which is lo~atod on 3ull Lake Croek, a t~ibutary of Big Wind RLV8r. ~1e d8m is to be built at the outlBt of Bull L..... ke in rr. 3 N., H. 3 W., W. R. M. The ::;-ro ject is located in ]'~-:;mont County, lJyo­ ming, o.bout 35 miles ·north'ijiTeSt of ti1e TmNn of Hi VE.:rton.

Tho propa$cd d~m will be about 75 feet in h0tght at the hj ~hest point and will havu D. lenc·th on tlu:; ·crest of approxir.1B.tdly 340C foet. The :pl:1.ns propose an ec.:.rth and ­ rock fill dam v·:i th a top width qf 30 feet. Th8 outlet will c0nsi-st of a reinforced concrete, tvvin cor;.d J.i t vJhtch wil.J_ llBvu two l~rre:ls 8 feet in cL anet~:n:> a:1d vrill h'lVe a longth )f' approxinrn. toly 4.75 feet. T~-18 dl scha:rge through ea:ch bGrrcl of the? conduit vJill bE.: controlled by tw;..J sots of emvrgsnc:· a,"J_d !'8gulating g~1tes, ' 5 f' ~ o · t ·by 5 ft::ct in size, ins~alled in 1:1 tunnel plug over Hhi·.:::h the qEite chs_mbor, c-ontaining operating and controlltng mc;cha:nisM.s, v,-ill be lo-eated,

T... G s:pilh:ay ·will be an o:;en chnnw;l in tbs rim of tho reservoir in tl~o ri;.:-ht ;... butm.e:-1t of' tLc stret:m f'Jction of ths ~am~ This spillway c~1nnel will b0 lined witt concrete and will termi1rate; in a concrete stilling basjn. It will b,=> controlled u.t the intc:.k& b;r tll~eo radial g~'te :c: , ::acb 29 feet wide ::Lnd 11 fE:Jet high. F.. steol truss bridgD will be constructE..d over the spill1J::.~y Bt :thG gnte sti'LlCtare_.

3ull Lnke Heservoi .... vvill have nTl aro$ cf 3155 <1.eres on the:; hit:h W8.ter line and will store 155,000 acre-feet of W3.ter. ':ehe ranoff of Bull I.,ake Creek h:.1s exc ced.;:;d this amou!lt in all but three years in the 18 yotLrs of record.

' . A"Cl nllotmont of $1,000,000 of 'E. H. A. funds for the constTuctio-:1. of thts dam h·-.::.s been ru1de, c:':.lcl coEtr:: ~ cts were let in D-::,cerJ.ber, 1935. C·mstruction is now st'irting, and the work is to be conplc:ted in 1937.

8-25 __S~[OS~TONh.. _ .... 1...... , ·P;W.TS~C'r- ·--··· - . TLe ~h0shone ;rrig~tion P~oject of ·the U. S. Bureau of · n\.;clarn~ltion is loc~1ted in P..,.rk and B... g Hurn Cuunties, \'l:roming. rr;...t; Garland, Frn.nnie, and Willwood Divisions of the project have been completed, and -:1dditional areas are -to be reclaLJed in the ~~art M6untain and O~egon · B:.sin D.iv.isions.. 'rhis project was ori?inally conceived by Colonel VJill;iam ],. Cody (But'falo Blll) .·1 ... d lkte St:t.::..s­ ,bury a~d was ta~cen over b;r the. U. S .. ·Reclamation Service in L903.

The Garland D.~..vision fs located on the north side of the S~.Loshone Hi'ver i'ri .tD.e vfcini ty. of H.:.lston, }\Jwell, and G: .. rlaud Ll nd consii:~ts of e" "broad a:~ea of bench land. 'J.l::.e Fr-annie Div.is1o:c. join~ tLe GarJ.and D.:vision on the northeaEt and lies in the vicinity of l11antua,· Deaver, and F4nnnie.

Tu.a. viillwood Division is- located on the south side of the . s:tw~hone River, opposite the :J.nrland Divisi.onl

Acres Garland Division --42,COO lCom:pleted) Frannie Division 2'J,OOO ,, Willwood Divlsion 1!3,000 " Heart Mount ':lin Di vie.ion 41,000 (Under Construction) Oregon Basin Division' 48,000 (Proposed)

TotDl '2C9, 000

\i.ATER SUPPI.Y;

rrhis j)I'Oject derives its vratur supply from the Shoshone River, vJ:1ic:U is controlled in }'_"H .• rt b:.r t 11e Shoshone Reservoir locnted about 5 miles vw s t of Cody, Wyoming. This reservoir has a constr ~ 1cted capn ci ty of 456, 6G.J a.cre-feet. 'I'he water supply is ampJ e for all lends incl~.1ded i-c. the }_)roject, r_Phe mean annual wa t:;;r de::-rmnd for irr'ige.tion of the above lands and a suppl~nental sup-ply for 46,'JOC acres in the Greybull Valley Irrigation. District· is estimated at 614,000 acre-feet. The r.veraBe annue.l runoff of the S~1oshone Ri vcr is about l, roo, 000 acre-feet. ----IR-qiG;-.._'l'IOJ:-J'--- PIAN: The co]:".structed sy.stem consists of the Shoshone Dam, 328 feet h t g:i., which impounds 456,600 acre-feet of water in the Shoshone Rese rvoir; the Garlaild Canal, diverting water from the Shoshone hiver ut the Corbett Diversion Drnn in Sec. 7, T. 53 l~. , :'l. l'JO · \·i. ; tt.e Frannie Cnna~ which is an extension

3-2G of t~H1 Garland C:inaJ., a.nd the ·.'fi.llwc.. ud ~:3 . n~l, Cl.iverting v1ate;r fr\··.,;t tha Sh();SlJ.. 1W Ri v·E:r at btr::. Wi1lv•:<; ·od Diversion Du .. 1 .in 3cc. 9, 1'. 54 h., R. lOG -,rv .

Th·:: R.alst .._:. n. H:.-:.;sarv ·.-.ir, n .:.ar R:.tlstun, ','Iyo ..dn 1_; , h_:~.s als ~~' Lh ... un cA:. ;struct.:;d t·, a c.J..:..ucity cf 2100 lcro-f\... ;.:t .

A ~.1;ydr ;) -::J.. ectric 1 l1::mt h:1s ·:> u~n ~.-·ui lt at th~ Shcshune Da.1 with an install:lti:l!.i of t~1o 1,000 kv a units and one 5,000 k.v .1 unit.

C·.)nstructi<: n has ·· co&.t2mced ~111 th::; Canyon C...:~.11al vrhich wl11 div6rt w . J.t~r at thv Shushune D~J f( .. r Lb . .; irrig ... tiun of' 1and.J ia th.-; H-:urt 1Mmntain anJ Or~g "n 3J.sin Divisions . Tlus C3.na1 will d:ivi~le ...:..t ·t h~ .: l~Juth ,.J f th.:; Shus.h~ ) r~..; Ca.n­ y,:m i.ut,_. tw. CJ.n'lls s0rvi.ug 'the .:tbuvJ ~t...m~j ·· il.:d divisi .•ns. st,)r::Lge fur thv Ort;·gun .d3sin unit vl .:Uld b·e llr,yvirJ.ad in th2 .~.JrO.~.losod Or ·~g un Ba.s1n Raservoir 'Nith .1 c lJ.;:J.ci ty Df aJ.;j_,r lXi.,tatf.J.y 150,000 acr~-fc: ·_ t. This in .:.u1 ,..i ff-ch:. .u:nl\::1 reserv r.~ ir ard \1/:JUl :L br~ su1JJ __ li .. cl thr:.. :;ug~1 thu C.J.nyon C:a.naJ .•

'IrE~ c :, nstru~ti · >:n c:x::t (.£' tha l.lr·:-:- jeet tc· ~furE·; 30, 1933, vns ~lO ,OO G ,8 <~b .62. Th~.;: cost c,f c~ ; :nst : ructi :., n c,f th:.; !-idart ,'vlountain Divisicm is esti...:1atod J.t ;~ fi,800, ~)B~: .OO, ~n ·.!. the cust -.Jf construction uf th~ Orc:g .. n :53.f_dn Di v:lsi--Jn is csti .1at.;d .-::~.t ~;5 ,513,·:±:9~2 .00. Th0 cost () f the c~.h .J_t;1ctE;d .ic ;roJect lir.Jul·:l Let ~~: 21,3 : ~3,313.00.

Th~ Jr~J~ct is ~ervecl bJ th1 C. B • . & w. Railrcad, the dain line.. of \ffidch runs thrnu6h t h ·~ Fra.nnia JJivisi~.. .. n ~vitll a br.:lnch linG frr•.1 8,ran11i.-... thr-: ' n .~ h G-1rland 111c1 P c w,~l1 to

Cod,Y 4 fJ . S. Hig:lw3._: ;)10 fr')::.t billi.r1gs t-) C:J.SJ.>ur runs thr; u gh th~: Franni:: Dl vL3ion, ..:tn~1 U. S. nislJi'.·:-t:,.r 14 trd vers0s th0 .l)roj ~;ct fr ·_) >J Deav:::r tl11' -:-•u gh -:.: . dy an-J. int .. 1 Yt:.1lvdSt -.na Nati -.:.: n­ al Park. D~- cr1 of thus :;; ar·.; .. ~:-~~10rn, ~,.- il snrf3.ced ll.i L:hi,rays.

TOPOGRA.PHi t1.ND 1:30lLS ~

Th~ Garl ~nd Di~isl 0n c J nsis~s , f a ~r0a1 arua of L~nch land vVi th :.1. Uidf JT.il slo.. :·.:.;. '· f .ib-.mt 35 .f v0 t t · th>;;; dl-.; tuvv Frauni\:: Divi z.d ~m lG c ~.Ll _._ ~~ .. se.J. c,f hit:h

~ench l,ind, h:::tv ins J. s ' --~~ iihat unlf·· n·.'-' d1o1 J·-..: cut bJ' intcr­ s3cting st.rE::a~.l beds . Thl:! ·~allN .:-.)d !Jivisi<.;n ls banch l:1nd vii th ft c:.;,n.-..: ra.l D.urtll;;;;J.st.:.,rly sl,)1J.:.,. Th~ Hi:1 .ll"t Auunta:in .:.trca c .. nsi st.3 ~..~f i1i gh b0nch 13.nd north ,)£' C ·:~ cl;, ~v·?---· .d. ng, .!)art of iiJti c.h is S-_1.!ll..:iJ1h:1 t r olling' cl.ad th~ Or~ . _; A1 i3::.tsin lands 1i;:..: be­ t;·.rbcn th ;~ o h;_• sh.-,fl-:. .. :.:t.nd Grt./iJull Hi vers ..

Soil~., range fr .·:.~ i light ~:3<.ll1dy t 'J he::~V'/ cla;;r with s andy ?lnd. clay 1 . d.a.l _Jr -::v .:li1in.g .

Th0 averd.ge oli.::vs.·1.:,i{;n ;..~f th·.;; Lu1cJ.s is 4500 f ~·.; t above sea le:Nel. B-27 Tb~ j - ~,r:i. g ....tt~d f:u· .. 1s ·.n t1J ·_, .l :I'(I,j ~et in 19;';4 t.Jt:l1ed 65,585 J.Gr~fi uith ci f:.tr,J .~.) ·Q.~. ; tJl_J.tL:n ;f ~,375.

Th~ av- .:ra,~.:: cr_·_..l r·:.- tur.u .~.1er ::.~.ere in 1954. v:·1s ~2(.. 38 ~)n th0 Gctrl.J.Dd Di '..risicn, ~11.77 .:n the Franr.~.ie Division, and ~15.'16 .ln the v~ilJ.~vood Divisi :::m.

S-28 JACKSON LAKE !tESERVO IR

T~1e J2.ckson L.-::::e H~;:;servoir is on J~ckson Luke in T~;:;ton Cuunty, v\Tyoming, and is located just south of the Y<;llowstone National Park. T~tis lake is on the head­ waters of tho South F0rk of Snnke River,and the waters stored in the Juckson L: ·! ke Resorvoir are used entirely for irrigation of lands in Idaho.

A temporary log crib dam was first constructud by the U.S. Bureau of Recla.rtldtion in 1907. T~.is dac-rn r3.ised the level of the lake 15 feet Qnd stored 300,000 acre­ feet of vmter but was washed out by high vmter in July, 1910. Wvrk was comPJ enced later in 1910 on a p ·3 rmall.ent dam to h3.ve a storage capacity of ebout 380,000 acre­ feet. In 1916, ·the dam was rebuilt to provide a capa­ city of about 780,000 acre-feet, nnd in 1919, the out­ let chnnnel was dredged to permit ad :.it ional draft, providing a total storRge of 847,0CO acre-feet between elevations 6,730 and 6,769.

The d.2.m consists of an earth embankment about 400C feet long and a massive concrete section, having a max­ imum height of 67 feet.

The original ds.m was constructed to provide storage for the Minidoka Project of the Bureau of Reclamation. Subsequent enlargensnts v1ere required by development of the Twin Falls areo. and the need for additional storage for other can3.ls diverting from Snake River in Idaho, above Milner.

The total cost of construction of the Jackson Lake Reservoir was ~911,270.00. Th 0 expanse of enlarging the q.am to develop the. upper 17 feet of storage vms paid by the Kuhn Irrigation and Canal Company, which opsrated certain Caroy Act Projects in the St3te of Idaho. A large number of Warren Act Contr3.cts have been entered into by the Bureau of Reclamation with various canal companies and irrigation districts in the State of Idaho, for the snle of storage in the Jackson Lake Reservoir. A list of these contents, as f~rnished by the Commissioner of Recla:.nation on March 4, 1926, follows.

S:-29 · · ·LIST OF ·ti1.RHEN AC'l' :cDNTJ:lAC'l'S

. FOR STOBAGE'~· .IN . _...... ,;;;..J:~CKSON______L'JQ£_ _\_

:. I •;

: - ~

Furnished by the Coramissioner of Ruclu~~tion on March 4, 1926 • . . .· .

t ' Acre-Feet

.. ' ~ Aberdeen 'Sprj_ngfield 'canRl Co., . · A~e~deon, IdRho . · ~ ··.1 .. ' b.meric:m IPalls Ca:miJ_; ·securi t'1es • i'· : ,' . ~ . .• , .. . do. ' ( &e s ign~d to abo\;ro r . ' . 2,685 • BrB.dbul'y & Tv1clvlu1lon · 200 Burgess Canal & Irrigating Co. 5,120 En.t~~prise C~1 na ·l Co.. _, Ltd. 6,100 Farr.1ers · E::.·i~~Hi Irrigation Co.· 2,000 Ifurrfson Canul ~ . I~rigation Co .• .5 ,doo Lon1~oot cano.J. co:. , Ltd~ - 3tOCO Lowde:r; .Slo.ugh, Carial Co :., Ltd. .1 ~ 040 w. s." t·yle 155 M??-.rtin Canal . c~ ... ·: , ··:.. . . l,500 _New Swe den Irri(S·ation l)istrict ~,000 · Peoples CQ.hal. & ~r.:~~g[1tion .. Co• a·,poo Poplar Irrigution District 1~2oo Rudy Irr.irr.r:tion Pistrict ,. ·. 2,000 Snnke 2iver Va~i~y Irrigation Dietrict ; 15,000 Sunnyclell Irri'g.fltion District . . 4, 000 Twin Fa lls Wa ter ·Company and Kuhn Jrrir.11.t i on & Ca.ual Co. 400,000 (Kuhn Cio. is novv Twin Falls North Sid.(3 La nd & Hater Cb.) Murtaugh C~nal Company 900

502' 901) . Ii·TTERSTATE CANAL

The Interstate Canal is a unit of the North Platte Project of the u.. s. Bureau of Reclamation, Thi.s ce.na.l diverts water from the North Platte River at th~ \Vhalen Diversion Dam~ located about 10 miles northeast of Fort Laramie, Wyqming, and .irrigates an area of about of · ian~, 132 1 955 acres lying on the north side of the North Platte River·; extending from near Fert Laramie, Wyoming., to a point 8 miles east ef Bayard, Nebraska•

The water supply is from the natural flow of the North Platte River and f~om water stored in the Pathfinder and Guernsey Reser­ voirs.

The main canal is 95 miles in length and has an initial cap­ acity of 2317 second-fe~t. The distribution system consists of 710 miles of canals and laterals. The cost of the canal, lateral system, drains and the dams on Lake Minita.re·, Lake Alice and Winter Crt1ek Lake was approximately $5,ooo,ooo.oo. .construction. of the canal system was commenced in 1905 and completed in 1914.

The upper end of the Interstate Canal occupies the right-of­ way of the old Whalen Falls Canal, a Carey Act Project, and by agreement, supplies water ~o the lands under that project. These lands are now operated by the Lingle Water Users' Association and the Hill Irrigation District and are also covered by Warren Act Contracts for use of water stored in Pathfinder Reservoir~

The Interstate Canal also supplies'~ter, during the spring and fall months, for storage in Lake Minitare, Lake Alice and Winter Creek Lake, which have a storage capacity as follows:

Lake Minitare 65,147 acre-feet 1} II n Lake Alice 1 330 Winter Creek Lake 3,711

Total 80,238 acre-feet

The irrigation works are naw operat,ed by the Pathfinder Irrigation District, a Nebraska irrjgation district, which assumed control of the irrigation wo~ks and the collection of all construc­ tion charges on July 1 1 1926~ Lands under Interstate Canal System

Acreage in Wyoming 21,035 acres Acreage in Nebraska 111,920 II Total 132,955 acres Note: The acreage in Wyoming includes 17,851 acres of Carey Act Lands under the original Whalen Falls Crunal. The Interstate Canal system has been in operation for several years and practically all the irrigable lands are now farmed and irrigated.-

s- :. 1 ------·FORT LARJ.J vJIE CANAL Th~ Fcrt Laramie Canal is also a unit of the North Platte Project of tho u. s. Burett.u of Reclamation and diverts water from the North Platte River at the Vfualen Diversion Dam, located about 10 miles nort11'west of Fort Laramie, Wyoming . Both the Interstate and Fort Laramie Canals have their headworks at the ~fualen Diversion Dam, the Interstate Canal, diverting on the north side, a ~ d the Fort L&ramie Canal on the south side of the river. This canal irrigates ar area of 110,753 acres of land, lying on the south side of the North Platte River and extending east­ erly from o. point a fevr miles west of Fort Laramie, Wyoming, to a point south of Melbeta, Nebr aska.

Water supply for the lands under the canal is from the North Platte River and water stored in Pathf inder and Guernsey Reservoirs .

The canal is 127 miles in length and feeds a distribution system of about 560 miles of laterals. About 135 miles of open drains have been constructed to protect the lands under the canal from becoming bogged, The initial capacity of the main canal is 1540 second-feet. The Fort Laramie Canal system was completed in 1923 at a cost of approximately $5 ,00o,ooo.oo. ~

Lapds nndor__ yo~ La~a.mie Canal System

Acreage in Wyoming 55,437 acres Acreage in Nebraska 55,316 l! Total 110,753 acres

The Goshen Irrigation District operates that part of the Fort Laro.mie Canaly .system located in vYyoming , and the Gering-Fort Laramie Irrigation District operates that part of tho system located in Nebraska. The Pathfinder Reservoir was constructed by the U. s. Bureau of Reclamation to provide storage for the lands embraced in the North 1 ' Platte Project. The reservoir is formed by Pathfinder Dam located on the North Platte River, about 3 miles below the junction of the North Platte and Sweetwater Rivers and about 50 miles southwest of Casper., Wyoming.

Pathfinder Dam is a broken range masonry arch d :-"" m with a maximum height of ·218 feet and a length on the crest of 432 feet. rrhe volume of masonry in the dam amounts to 60,210 cubic yards. The cost of C()nstruction vvE,s approximately ~;2,100,000.00.

'rhe reservoir has an area of 22,700 acres and a storage cc.lpaci ty of 1,070,000 acre~f~et.

In addition to >$Upplying. water to the lands under the North Platte ProjBct, Fathfinder Reservoir also supplies water to many irrigation districts and private canals under Warren Act Contracts.

GUEFNSEY RESE~!OIR

The Guernsey Reservoir is located on the North Platte River in Pl?-tte. County, Wyoming, just above the 'Iovm of Guernsey. The dam is a compost to structure of clay, gravel ::1nd rock fill vvi th a hetght of 105 foet above the original river an~ a cr-:; st lene;th of 560 feet. The main body of the dam is a sluiced sand ~nd errevel fill which is backed by ~ rock fi~l on an 8 to 1 slope. The upstream face of the dam is a 3:1 slope covered with 3 feet of rock riprap.

Two spillway_s are ~rovided. The north spillway is a concrete lined channel controlled by a 50' by 50' Stoney roller g~te weighing 217 tons. This spillway l:as a · capacity of 50,000 socond-f0et. The south spillway i's a 31-foot diameter vertical shaft, permitting the water to drop into a 30-foot section of the diversion tunnel. This spillway has a discharge of 30,000 second-faet.

A concrete power plant, 50 feet by 72 feet, is located below the dam and contains two 3,000 kva generators.

The dam and power plant was com~leted in 1928 at a cost of ~~ a, 159, 618. oo.

The reservoir has a capacity of 71,040 acre-feet.

rJP..RREN ACT CONTRt..CTS

Contracts have been made between the Bureau of Reclamation and certain priva~e aanals and irrigation districts for use of water stored in Pathfinder Reservoir under the Harren Act, which permitted tho sale of surplus water stored in reservoirs constructed by the u. S. Bure~u of Reclc:mo.tion.

The following t s bulation is taken from a letter of R. R. ~klter, Chief Engineer, Bureau of Reclamation, Dcnvor, Colorado, under date of August 17, 1927: ·.. JJ : -"li'~::t~ /:~r cm~ · Rr. errs ,, .. ___ N ·· · --· ---~ --· ,_. ... ~- _., _,.. ___ __. ... _., .,,..._r _ ,,., .,

Prom :eatl::f:j.ndc!r·. P.esorvoir -·----- ~---=---..--- ~-:--_,. ----

g_?~I.'~~ _<:2.E A ... ount of :~atcr Invol V3d . . . "" ' - ~ . -

·T'.serliE3 Irrigut;i o ~ Di.st:rict •. . vt Broi'm t s Creole Irric;r-d~ion District 19,900 " Cen.tra.l Irrir-sation District 4,050 ,, " ChiF..ney Rock lr:riga tion District 10,300' " "

G~rin0 Irrigntio~ Dist~i6t 35,500 11

f! tt . Jf~.rmers' Irrigation Di.str:i.ct 180,000

37,478 ti It

. ;1 36 '24 ~!, · U

P.lcasant Vellcy l.ntcrr..1 Associatio:::-t 13,522 f! ~ I

i1 J,incoln L~-.nd Conpany (Rock Rsncl:. Canr:tl) 1,941 " . ------540 ,572 ncre-feot

. FOT~: r:he last throe contracts t:•ro used on lP.cnds in 1:'-Tyoming,. the

~irst seven :·u·G f,or l~1nds in Nebrn.skc. I~'DE:: GI:' S~Ev - .:: 11.,0·.1 HECORDS U •. S. G. S. Ge.ging Stations on Interstate Streams si tunted no a rest the stc-,t;a line.

U.S.G.S. Gaging St~tion ~·: o. l'J. S. Papers Strearn Vvyoming Contiguous State

------~------· ------Redwater Gr. Beulah Belle Fourche 99,130,172,208,686, So. Dak. 701.716.

Belle ·Fourche R. do 99,130,172,208

Crow Cr. do 130

Little Missouri R. Alzada, l\Iont . 130,172,208,306,326,356, 386,406,436,456,476,506, 526,546,566,586,606,666, 6.S6,701,716,731.

Powder Rw Arvada 506,526,546,566,586, (Pewd~~ ~. & Ol efil" Or.} 606,626,646,666,686, 701,716,731,746.

Clear Cr • . do 406,436,456,476,506, 666,686.

Tongue R. Carneyville 306,326,406,436,456.

do Docker, ~. :ont . 666,686,701,716,731,746.

Big Eorn R. Kane 666,686,701,716,731,746.

Clark Fk. Clark 506,526,546,566,586.

do Chs.nce, l. :ont ·• 526,546,566,586,606 626,646,666,686,701 716,731,746.

Yellowstone R. Corwin S:pgs. 286,306,326,356,386,406, Mont . 436,456,476,306,526,546, 566,586,606,626,646,666, 686,701,716,731,746.

Gardiner R. Niammoth Hot Spgs. 566,586,606,626,646,666, 686,701,716,731,746.

Falls R, Marysville , 85,100,135,178,214, ( or Fre.:non t ) 252 ,272. Idaho.

Snakn R. Alpine, Ideho 443,463,483.

Salt R. do 100,463,483 (est 1934) T'Tyo. -Irl8ho line.

S-35 Stream

B~ar - R • .. .. Harer, Idaho 360,390,410,440,510,530,550 570,590,610,630,650,670, 690,705,720,735,750,765.

do Evanston 390 '410 ,"440 '460·, 480 '510 '530, 550,570,590,610,630,650,670, 690,705,720~735,756,7~5 • . . . ( Green R. Linwood,' Utah 689,704,71g,734,749.

I.i ttle Srl.nke H. Di~on 289,309,329,359,459,479, 509,529,549. .

409,439,479.

Encmnpmsnt R. (in) :B{ncampmo.nt 306,326,406,436,456,476, 506,526,546,566,586,686, 70.1,716~731 .

No. Platte R. (in) Northgate,Colo 406,436;456,476,506,526, 546;566,586,606,626,646, 666,686,701,716,731,746.

Laramie R. (in) Jelm l31,172,306,326,356,386, 406,436,456,476,506,526,

546 1 586)G06,626,646,666, 686,701,716,731,746.

. Crow Cr. Crwyeime 566,586. (gages on tri bs·• still a pts . )

Lodgepole Cr. FederBl 746

Lone Troe Cr. Granite ·canyon . (Est • 19 33)

Horse Cr. Yoder 666,686,701,716,731,746.

N'o. Platte R. Vyo.-~obr. Stat~ line 686,701,716,631,746.

do ~~enry, 1.kbr. 326,356,386,406,436, 686,701,716,731,746.

Niobre~ ra R. Dunlo..p, Neb. 716,731,746.

Cheyonna R. Edp,emont, $©>. • Dak4:9, 99,130,172,208,666, 686,701,716,731,746.

Be8.ver Cr. Burdock , So.D3k. 172,208,686,701,716,731, (~dgomont)

S-3E. UNilliD STAlliS

DEPAH1!/ElZ~ OF 'IHE llJTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SUHilEY

WQter Resources Branch 303 Federal Building . Salt Lake City, Utah October 1~, 1~35. c 0 p y

Mr. Edwin W. Burritt, Stat~ :ffi?.:.gifl.e er, Cheyenne, Wyo.

My dear Mr. Bur~itt:

As a result ·of my·recent studies of some of the economic aspects of water-utilization J;rojects . I am convinced that we ·:can no longer measure ec.onomic foasil?ility of any given enterprise by the ·simple ab­ stract "yardstick" of unit cost per second-foot or acre-foot or acre of land benefited, etc. It should be remembered that areas like the Great Salt Lake drainage basin, for example, constitute large empires in which great a~~icultural and industrial development has been made by virtue <::>f available wate'l" supply. It is also obvious that this development will not only cease 1;Jhen the v.later supply is exhausted but tl1at decadenee is inevitable. To maintai11 t;he . settlements in areas lil~e the Great Salt Lake Basin and· to ·provide for future gro\l'rth will require th8 building of costly projects and the construction of more permaner.t vwrks than private finance can pr~~ide.

Such facts as these are recognized by Messrs. John W. Haw and F. E. Schmitt in their "Report on Federal Reclamation," which was made to the Secretary of t~e Interior under date of December 1, 1934. These gentlemen served as a committee appointed by the Secretary to w~ke a survey and ap­ praisal of typi~al reclamation proje~Jts and to advise him vvhether Federal Reclamation has proved to be a su~cessful and desirable national enter­ prise. The followL~~ statement, taken from that report, has a rather significant application to the proposed Green River-Bear River Diversion project:

"* * Wo:.rks of sreat size and importance have been constructed in 15 States. E:{cluding several projects built for the Bureau of Indian Affairs before the la · ~ter undertook its ovm construc­ tion, the Bureau of Ree!lamation has completed 31 irrio.;ution projects~ embrry.cing 2,025,500 acres, .-.at a total expenditure of $227,437,302. 1c ~ore than 40, 000 farms have be en developed on

these projects 1 and the total population supported in whole or in part by reclamation, includint; towns and ~ities within the projects, now numbers nearly 700,000."

It is interestin~ to note that the total expenditure for th~ recla­ mation projects has resulted in supportin~ a population of ne~rly 700,000, making the cost per capita approximately ~325.

S-38 In the Great Salt Lake Valley and the Bear River drainage basin there is, aec.ording to the 1930 census j a total population of approxi­ mately 380,000. According to the s~e census, there is invested in irrigation works in the area occu:pied: by these 380,000 people a total of $21,884,330. Since those figures were compiled, reclamation projects have been built or are·in process of building which involve an additional expenditure of $16,904,000, making a total of $38,788,330, ·or about $102 per capita. Thus, if it is assumed that there has been sufficient eco­ nomic justification for a public expenditure of $325 per capi"ta for rec­ lamation works, it is not unreasonable to believe that there is runp1e eeonomic justification for a like expenditure in a region such as the Great Salt·Lake drainage basin for the preservation and maintenance of a highly developed civilization already established. On this basis at least $223 per capita might yet be spent for water-utilization projee.ts.

Very truly yours,

(Signed) Ralf R. Woolley

· Senior Hydraulic Engineer.

S-39 In order to brine about more effective conservation, develop­ ment, storage, distribution and utilization of the waters of Montana, the 23rd ler;islat:tve assembly, meeting in an extraordinary session in 1933, ena0ted legislation to that end. - By Chapter 35 of the laws of -said a_ssem"t?ly, th~ State Water .Conservation Board was created wi_th po'Ners hereinafter· discussed. This law was amended and clarified by Chapter 95, 96 and 97 of the Laws of Mont;;Jna, 1935. · It might at· this point also be . mentic.nep. that th.e State o:f . Idaho has ena0tedwater conservation laws .patterned after the Montan~ laws and that the St&te of C6lorado in 19~5 adopted a new public irrigation distric_t. act which,_ however, · does. not appt;ar to have the administrative nicety of theJviont~na laws.

The Montana State Con$e.rvation Board, herein~fter . gen~rally refc?rred to as the . "Board", consir3ts .of fiv_e members ~ncludin:s the Governor and State Ensineer as members ex-offici). The Board is a body corporate and politic with :peruetual existence, and is deemed to be an agen0y of .the State. or' Monta;a. It mBy sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, find contract ~nd be eontracted with. A majority in nwvnb er of the members of the Board· constitutes a quorum and the vote~ of three members are necessary for binding action. After their first terms the three appointive members 'each serve for six years with one of the terms. expiring . every othe:r year. · Other administrative powers of the Board a~e similar to ·those ordinarily granted to n public authority.

The Board -is authorized to construct any public works deemed

necessary as a means of conserv~ng and distributing r.rater 1 including reservoirs, dams, diversion canals, distributing canals, lateral ditches and pumping units, mains, pipe lines and vvater Horks systems for the purposes of irrigation, development of power, VJat erin~~ of stock, supplying water for public, d,omestic, industrial and other uses for fire protection.

The purpose of the enactment is to meet, so far as poqsi~le, a state-wide need for the conservation and use of water through the construction and operation of projects designed for such purposes. ~e Board has pov,rer to make such investi,c;-~ations as may be necessary tr plan and carry out a comprehensive state-wide program of v-rater <"onservation. The individual projects to be finally constructed must qualify as parts of such state-wide prosram and must be approved by the Board upon the sho·vving of their prcspecti ve ability to meet; throueh the sale of water or other services, the cost of operation, maintenance and repair and the amortization of the cost of the construction.

·The Board is authorized to exercise its powers in any adjoining state, in any National forest or public domain and in .any adjoining country, unless the exercise of such powere is not permitted by the laws of such adjoining states or of the United States of America, or the laws of such country or under the treaties betvv-een such country and the United States. In order to acquire vJater located and ap­ propriated in other states the Board must comply with the laws· of the particular jurisdi~tion. S-40 'lbe Board has poY~Ter to acquire by purchase, e:~change, or con­ demnation, any land, rio;hts, water rights, easemepts,f!'m1chises, and other property deemed necessary or pr0per for the 0onstruction, 0peration and maintenanJe of its works. Title to property purchased or condemned is taken in the name of the Board.

The Board is authorized to proceed immediately with the construction of works where fui,lds are available therefor. It has power to sell, lease ancl otherwise dispose of all water which may be impounded under the provisions of the a::!t and such vvater may be sold for the purpose of irri~ation, development of power, waterinr- of stock or any . other purpose. The Bo:1rd is given full control of all water of the State not under the exclusive control of the United States and not vested in private ovvnership. The Board has p..,wer to institute in any of the courts of the stnte, or in any other state, or in the ·Federal ~ourts, any actions, suits and special proceedinrs necessary t~ . enable it to acquire, own and hold title to innds for dam sites, reservoir sites, water rights, rights of way ·for diversions and distributing canals, and lateral ditches and other means of dis­ tttbution of water·. It is authorized to take a~tion to have water rights adjudicated on any stream or source of water from which water to be impounded in its reservoirs is to be derived, so that adjudication may be had of all surplus waters upon such streams and sources of water.

The board may initiate n rig,ht to vJater by executing a declaration of its intention to store, divert or control tpe un­ appropriated water 0f a partioular·body, stream or source, de­ scribin8 therein the water claimed, the means of appropriation and the location and use. Such declaration must be· fiied in .the office of the county clerk and recorder of the cqunty Where the major portion of the means of' diversion or cont·rol will be located and the ri@t of the Board to such water wil.l vest on the date ·of such filing, but the Bo,ard must . connnence construction of the means of appropriating the wo.t er within two years from the date of the rec.ording of such declaration. When such filing has occurred and the construction of the reservo.ir and impounding of. such water ha.s been done, -~he water rights ·or the Board continue unless there is a failure t:) put such water to beneficial use for a ~onsideruble period of time.

The Board is authorized to provide by resolution at any time or from time to time for the issuance of water conservation revenue bonds of the state for the purpose of paying the ;ost of .any one or more pro j eyts,. the principc.l np.d :Lnt erest of . which bonds are payabl~ solely from. the special fund provided for such payment. Such borids are negotis.ble and may mature at such times, not more than forty years from their date, as mny be fixed by resolution and may be redeemable before maturity at the option of the Board upon such terms as may be fixed by the Board prior to tbe· issuance thereof. The Board must deterrdne the rate of interest, not exceeding six per~entum per annum, the form of the bonds,. the manner ·of execut~oE, the denominations, the places of payment and the previsions as to registration. Such bonds on their fa·::!e must conto.in a statement that the State of Montana shall not be obligated to pny.the same or the interest thereon except from the revenues of the projects,.

S-41 the funds received from the sale or disposal of the v.rnter and. from operation, lease, sale or other disposition of the vJOrks, property and facilities to be a0quired from the proceeds of such bonds. The Board may sell the bonds in such manner and for such price as it may determine but not for less than a pri~e which will show a net return of six percentum per annum to the purchnser upon the amount paid therefor. Proceeds of the bonds must be used solely for the payment of the cost of the proje~t, any surplus to go to a sinking fund.. The resolution providing for the issuance of the bonds must set forth the project or projects for whi~h the same are to be issue&," and the bonds authorized by each such resolution constitute a separate series identified by a series letter.

In respect to the bonds of each series the Board must crer:,te three funds. The Constr~~tion Fund shall have placed to its 0redit the proceeds of the bonds to.::,ether vJi th nccrued interest thereon, interest rec eived from the deposit of such fund and any covernment grrrnt. The monies in such construction fund. must be used to poy the cost of the project, any surplus remnintnG therefrom to be ndded to the SinkinB Fund. All income, profit and revenue of the proje~t or projects must be pnid to the credit of a Water Fund and used to meet the Gost of oper.'l tion, maint-enence and repairs of the project. Any surplus in such fund mo.y by resolution of the :So:-:tT'd be paid into the Sinking Fund at stP.ted intervals. The I!lonies in the Sinking Fund o.re pledged for the payment of (a) the inter est t:pon the bonds as it falls due, (b) the necessary fiscal agency .;:h.-,u.Tes for paying the bonds and interest there on, (c) the principal .· .: .,J1e bonds as they fall due, nnd (d) a.11y premiums upon bonds re ·~:Lrel by call C"'r purchase. The Board may provide that monies in tL.e ::~iEk ing Fund mny be used for the purehasB of the bonds o.t the markGt yn·:;;e but not exceeding the price at which the same sli~ll be payaoJ.e or redeemable at the next interest payment date and that monies i_n he Sinklng Fund , less the reserve requil.. ed for the pn,yment of iL+c_r>r'St arid principal, if n::>t used within a reasonrtbl..c time for ;::-l:ch purchase. of bonds , sho.ll be applied. to the redemption of b.::J:'.o s. r~::J.d that bonds redeemed or purchased shall be ~ancelled nnd n~ bonds issued in lieu thereof .

The Board may -secure a..11y serios of bonds by a trust indenture to a corpC"rate trustee and may thereby convey nnd r.J.o n;gn{!,e the project. The indenture or bond resolution of the :Be.: 'l'd may contain reasonable provisions for prote~ting nnd enfor:iL,; -~~1e rights o.nd remedies of·the bond holders includinr,·covenants c?.l.ltinr to the acquisition, construction, mcdnteno.nce, · ope::::'ntior-L :_'rL0. =..ncurance of the proj er: t and relatinp t:::> the custody, sufe2,'1<-"'-rr:'i .•'1..,. :J.n(1 applico.tion of all monies. The indentu:'e or bond r esolut :i.. or, r·-·.J ~ 8S.lvri ct the individual ri?ht of action of bond hold ers qs is customecry in trust indentures . .Ar1.y bond holder or trustee , exc ep·t as so restricted, may sue or take pro0eedincs for the appointr:1ent of a reJeiver to prote~t o.nd enforce rights .::;ranted under the Act, the bond resolution or the trust indenture.

The Act imposes the duty on the Board to enter into such contrncts and to fix and establish su:;h pric cs, rat es and c:hurr:cs for wnt er and services so ~s to provide nt all times sufficient funds to pny all cost of operation, repair and mainteno.n-::e of the project and the principal and interest of o.ll bonds ns they be:ome due.

S-42 The Board is authorized to enter into contracts and lunses nvi th any Ggency of the United Stqtes of America for the purpose of finc.ncing the construction of any, v:v:ork uuthorized- by the Act and to take such action 8-S may be req_uircd in order to o.vail itself of assistance under existing 9r future federal leGisla.tion •

..-'ill ad..ministration fund _is provided for into vAlich $100,000 was appropri8.ted. These .monies are to be 1..1S d d for c;tmeral administrative expenses , the costs of investirations, to plan and carry out a state-wide prQP;;r&"11 of water conservation and the:: costs of prelimincry vvork on projects.

The foregoing review of' the Nontana water consorvQtion laws, sometimes r efer:red to as the Aot, would seem to indicate thnt the State h3.S a very effective means to foster the conservation, us-e and development of its wnters. Actunl construction is nbout to begin, or h~~s been stnrted, on several proj ccts and the Public Works Administrntion has !Q.ada loo.n nnd p;ro.nt nllotmonts to aid in financing nine such pro j c-:c ts as follows:

Docket Montana - 1002-R Montn.no. Viater Conservc:J.tion Boo.rd,. Willm·r Creek ProjGct . ~240 ,000. " Uontnn8. ..;. i006-R Montn.nn Water Conserv3tion Board. South Willow Creek P~ojoct. 64,000.

" Montana - 1008-R ~ .1ontnna \J<-l te-r Conserv0t ion Board. North Fork-Smith River Proj ect . 260>000.

" Montana - 1009-R Montana Water ConservTcion Board. Flint Crock ProjBct. 500,000.

" Montan:1 - 1010-R Montana Water Conservation Bot.lrd~ 1val1 CreGk Project. · 113,000.

Montana - 1062-R IIJiontc.nJ'l Water Conscrvqt ion Bonrd. Swn.m:p C.reek Pro j f3C t. 35,000.

" Mont~na - 1095-R l'v1ontnno. ',1:_1ter ConserY'J_tion BonrcL ~ckley, Lake County-- 80 ,000 .

Docket No. 9378-X Stn:t0 tlater Consorv·:t tion Boo.rd. Rock Creek I)ro j ect . 826 ,000.

S-43 TH.c.. STATt: OF ~vYOtvlli-..G Stato ~ngine8r 1 s Office CHli,Y .~:NN 1£ July b, 1935

Hun. Will G. lllletz, Ad1;dnistratcr, W.P. _A. Ch0yenne, Wy _l : ;;~ing.

Sine;s ·the incepticm of the· C. W. k. Progr~·:ul the people of Wy -:;,.dng have al~ijays ap;.:roved any proj<:;ct having ·for its obj set th~ c~:.nserva tiun of c>ur ..Jost valua;Jle resource - WATER: In arid Wy•)_~ling the saving of .mr "12ager rw.tt;r sup_t)1y .. and ~ ts ul ti;11a ts ust.: ia ths irrigation of . f ,JrJ.gc c~oi.]s is :,tost i:upoi~tar1 t. VVhi lB w"" have alw::q s k:n :. •wn th.i. s tc-· . be truo~ the ~1rought of the pd.st thr0e y .::ars has forci ely br"-mt-_sht this ,n3. t­ t8r to th ..; : attm1ticm of our entire: ci tiz;:;nry, and 111...' lJrogram for the; relief 'Jf the und ~ l 1;l ~ )yed i.aay be dt;;si,;ncd o.f .11ure gen­ eral 1nto.;rast B:nd uf 1aur~ . .tJer.aan-=Jnt V'llus th!...tr: one of riat8r con­ se;rv~~tivn · . ·

Bri~fly I ~aay state that the actual C(Jll$_truction 'rmrk of da1ns .a.."ld otb,~r lrrigat1.;Jl1 works, if Ccirri0d uut on an exten­ sive and- vvide SJ?rearl J:)lan, will atsur· ~J our entire 1:1resent relief load of E:i!lj_)loyables, cuJ.,ninatinJ. i r:i th8 stora::::. e of irrigation

water v;hieh will _pr.:.>vide hcmt:s and 1e6ltLJate entt:!r1Jrise for these sa1.ne peoplt::: in thG future.

It has l.;et:m suggr:::stwd :__,y you th~t we .:1ay L:;; .o.ble to gain a~0roval of ~rojects of this kind, the cost of ~hich will not et\:C~ed twenty-five thousand ($25,-000.00) doll ~ 1rs; nnd yc~u have asked r:1c tJ discuss th1.s plan and assis+J in f\ -r.Julating plans fvr a state v'dd.e {)r~>gro..:l ~ -d~ w-nter c--:rns~; 2:"V:lt1un, t;.) co:J.e

'.'vi thin this figurE: for ir1di vidual 1)roj ebts. i. c.m ;_;l::).d t,,) co­ operate with you · in this laudab1G i:)lan and !~-~~. L that .-:Jnc of the 1nos·t i111~~ortant ~natt~.;rs in cor.u.i.ection therc~vd J-:.11 i~ t c gj ve care­ ful consideration to s:Jae of the r8sul ts whieh L;ta;;r o.ccrue from a .J?lan c. f this nature.

v/hile in VvG.S~J.ingt :m in Jarmary, 1 : r1S hOYlCT'·.:d ·;Jy th(; . J:,Jri vi lege of hearine ~)1U' GreJ.t President deli vel' hi;;: .1tessage to

the ·.congr&ss and the Peo1)le uf the United s-~:J. t~~s rel'}, Uesting a hugh a.t:.>~.Jr0 1 )ria tion for th\'~ roli ;;f of the un•.;LiltJloy 0d. I was thril­ led by his .~:)lun and n(J ~)art of l t

The Bureau of Rt::cl:uitation, interested only in 1)rClj sets

of 1nagni tude, is a -.kl.gnificent eXaH11 ;1e:; ---- f ths develo.L)tnent of re- 5~44 Page Two. Will G. 1'vletz, '1 /8/35.

payt11ent 1)l.ms in general and "3S_L~";: cially vratar control J.Jroj ects. The 1n"ogra .. 1 it hs.s boen able tl.\ design in the ~a8t thirty yi::lars and whi cl1 h.:1s ~ecn .. >artially c(•mpleted, is also a. shining. ~xarrl1)­ lo of the value uf 1on6 term planning; and. wh;ile this · g'reat 3.gency has l>een at t::t.ckad by £nan;;! cri ti en, :·,10st of who111 have b~en sadly lacking in knovTledge 0f the arid land proble·ilS of the ;Jest, it has ubt::dn0d results of lanting ln:nc..fi t and stands as D. ~nonu­ tildnt to the valien.t ;:1f.ficials who ha.ve su1.J 1 ,orted its .:dtitS a:..'1.d vl3.ns. I · wi'sh to digr~ss l'or a ~Jo.11Emt acd ;xJ.y · tri ~m te to the

6reat wan ·;;he> · heaus ·· th~ :l.s · 'org.i!lizati,Jn, : Dr. Elwoud . .'Jlead, ..1 Jroudly c.::tlling atte1itiun to the fact · th:J.t he was First T8rri turi:.1l ' and First State ·E;nginet:_r· of Wyo:...:tln.g. Dr. iiJh:~ad, even fr;;~~a 'bb.e -early days vf ·uur State, has· · alvv:1ys chtlatpioned a l:>rogra£1 8Luilar to the·· or~ a ·'nou {Jro1Josed for wa. tBr· cons·arv:.1 ti Jll. ·

I firmly baj_i"Cve the ·co[~1i11Dnce.,lent of a 'iJater storaee plan should !A.:: based UJ.)()n th-:; 1_~rinci 1;lc:: of REPAY.,.U!l\iT OF COST. Any a·dvers•3 .i,.~r.inci!Jll..::: to this vvuuld · seer.u unfair as it /:ould grant to anyone an exclusive right t o the use of vJate;r s :.tved and stor­ ed by Govern1i18nt funds. In such case it Jou.ld bu _tJracticatly Ln­ _. 1ossible, fr )~ll an a.duinistrative anglo, to divide iJater stored f;)r the general 1)ublic, and for the benefit · of all tNho Jilight be in a pos.ition to dem1nd water from such public st~>rage~ This statedent tJ?-Y be challenged, :;ut L'Ilt; mg,y readily undert>tand ·that a water storage ·plan (;n tlv~ houd of u. st.r8alu, .l:"mblicJy owned, uay ~as.ily :)e callec.l Ul:K'n to f'urnish vlfater a th 'Usand :..1iles dovm streau1, t ·~) which .tJlace it W"C,: uld. ue l tn1)ossi !Jl.;;; t-.:; su.~}t:.JlY water :1 J lr0 wi thuut denying the ..1ost benafj ci,:;l a,;_l~· )licati i."YU tu 11 1Jriaturs nearer the .l"Jlace of · storage. ·

The 11lan. which follows is, I believe, j_)r.::lfura.ble in out­ lining the cuurse of proj 9cts for our StaLl;, and is ba.s0d u.l:)or~ the ftnldamental 1)r.inciples laid dovln by our President in his wt::ssaga to C("Jng:res s.

S-45 Brief of General Plan for Construction

of Reservoirs ~1i th Publi-c Funds·

By

EDWIN W• . BUBRITT,

Stata Engineer of Wyoming.

. ; } .•

; ' .· i . - A>CORPOHA'ITO.N. . B.E FORMED ; NON ~~WF'L'l\ OWN:EJ), BY. . THE F:fi~DERJ\ L GOVERNMENT

OR .AI'J AGENCY i::IMILAR TO THE BUREAU ... OF RF:.Q1.A1\f.ATION ,-. ·.THE OBJECT OF VJHICH

IS TO FINANCE, CONBTRUCT, i1HD SELL STOHED WATEH AT REASONABLE RATES AND

l. I ~ - ' RETIRE APVJ:J1CES . MLDE :rOR SlfGH : COi~~)TRUCTIO,N. BY REPl:YMENT QF FUJ:TDS FROM

. . t ~ RENTALS COLLECTED.

0 ; , I t • This corporation woul'J. own the t-wtual reservoir sites, rights-

of -:way, ·dams, can::::.l$ E;.nd other i;r~igr , t ::_on iNcrks.

THE ' Fl~RMERS ~ OR OTHERS · WHO CONTRi~GT ?,OR : TH~~ UuE JF THE \J}..TEH .P.ND FROM

.. - ... YEAR ,. TO YEAH .PAY F.'OH T:IF~ SJ..i..lVlE, ARii/' TO"F~VE:i~TU/iLLY OWH THE IR.R.IGATIOI~

.. ' ~ . . o o· o o

5-4-G BRIEJ? DISCUSSION OF PLANS AND RELSONS THEREFOR .

1. Water, in the State of Wyoming, a.nd in mo3t of the western States, is, in the Constitution, declared to be the property of the State.

2. In providing for its uso, Wyoming has a corps of officials, he£tded by the State Engineer, and the Board of Control, and beneficial use is the basis of the right to its use. Beneficial use must be claimed in the Order of Priority, (first filing with the State Engineer is first in right) and basicly all rights to use water, regardless of what they mny be, are equal. Water for irrigation purposes may be condemned for preferred use, such as municipal supply, -but must be paid for.

5. The principal duty of the State Engineer is the distribu­ tion of the waters to tho priority holders, for beneficinl uce, in the estublished rJrder, and the filing end approvc.l of applications and plans for nev1 diversions, all of which go.in their priority from the date filed ·in his office. NO RIGHT TO STORE OR DIVERT WATER MAY BE OBT1~INED IN .ANY O'l'HER ~lAY; USE DOES HOT ESTi;.BLISH PRIORITY UNLESS THE FILING HAS BEEN MADE JU\TD PLACED OF RECORD IN THE OFFICE O.F' THE STi::.TE EUGii.1EER.

4. In the early dt.~ys of VJyoming, the direct flow of streams vms applied to the la11ds for irrigation ~nd practically sll of these ditch­ es were constructed by the le:.nd o~:m.ers, vr.i thout resorting to nny out­ side method of financing. A ferJ stornge reservoirs ·were constructed· by these pioneers under like conditions.

5. Later, the Bureau of Reclamation started an extensive program of development. Three g~ent projects have been .cons·tructed in Wyoming: the Shoshoni Project, the Riverton Project and the North Platte Project, and storage reservoirs have been built. In each case IERIGrTION DIS­ TRICTS HAVE BEl:N FORMED, TAXABLE UNITS EST.ABLISHED, 1\ND REPAYt~ENTS IN 1'JHOLE OR IN PART HAVE BEEI'J MADE .. At the present time, the Bureo.u is still engaged in the enlargement of each of these projects, nnd is con­ structing or about to construct additional storage roservoirs, and curriers. Among these extensions, are the Casper-Alcova Project, the Hart Mountain Project, the Btlll Lake Reoervoir, r.nd another unit of the Rivert ~):'\ Project. All of thot.o are be:~ng financed by the Federal Government, on REPAYLIENT PLANS, v:ith NQ. GRANT. In eome instances power revenues from Btornge dams are to repay part of the cost.

6. Unde~::- the PWA Administration severr:l projects are being planr1ed and in sotne inst~nces nllotmcn ts of funds he ve been made . Three of these are the Greybull Project, the North Piney Project and the Bear River or Coyote Creek Project. In each of these cases, the Federal Government intends tho.t tho funds a.ro to po.rtinlly repaid, from taxes assessed agv.inst Irrig.: tion Districts alreo.dy formed, or to be formed, and that the b.:llE~nce of the cost be vmi ved and paid by the Government as a GRANT. I11 the case of the Greybull Project this grant has been set at 50 per cent, and in the Coyote Creek Project at 45 per cc~nt.· It may be readily seen thc-~ t this method will not bo popular, as settlers under the Greybull Project will expect a grant equal to that_given the Coyo-te Creek Project. 7. Last year, the ERA, in one or two instances, constructed storage reservoirs, furnishing certain labor from the relief rolls; without cost, if org&nized dis:tricts furnis1.1od. rnat.e:riuls. This also, . oper0t?S as . a gr~ . nt to Organized'.. Ir.rigation ,Districts, or Groups of Farmers • . :: · . . ~ ·. · ·.. · ' · · .:. :; ·. · '.:. . - ·. ·. . · .. . ·. .

... ~ . ~ .. _;- . ·- ... 8. It is now proposed to . cop.st.ruct, .. adqii;,ional, . nnd smnller :pro­ j~cts. , under the.> VJPA, wfth certairi' grants ·: to Organized ·I ·:l/rigation Dis­ . _-_. tripts, -· or ·Groups df. Farm~rs · v~i~h . tl~~e. .c .9s~ _iim:t:t .placed at $25,000.00 • ~ . \' • ; ·~ ...~.-· ·•, • :~· •• ·.,· _1 • ••• : -~.,. ·~;····'· · . • .·f·. 9. 'Tile three current plans, briefly described above, in para­

graphs 6, 7 and 8, are 1 in th.e op~nipn o:f.'. tP.~ wri te_r ~ wrong in prin­ cip~e ~nd-- all':·of tnem ·or ~iiy 'of' ;t~· elfi \·:ill·· ten~ , to; make the administra­ :tion·, of. .th.e ..u~e :.. of water ·· ve ·ry . _ d~t~lcM.~i, .· u.. ~- at . irp.possible·, and also, ' bec.~use . Q!> ,the . va:rying>value . of·',. the "grants .and other reason~, vdll J in the end, prove to be very unpopular to the majority of the water users, and certainly to all of the fa:rmers living along the various streams vlho do not happen to own lands in the orgc:.nized districts. 10. And all of the objectionable features of each plan muy be entirely rem0ved if the Federal Government will revise each and every plan promulgated, and give to water a VAI,UE per ecre foot, ns stored, and provide for its distribution on this basis. The Wyonung law, copy of which is a.ttached hereto, provides a method by vmich this may be dc;,ne. .Any other liquid, entering into commercial use is given a value as stored: : Crude Oil and Petroleum products in Tanks, Milk in Cans or Bottles, ate. Its value depends upon cpst of production and upon mc.rket •.

11. To accomplish this purpose it vdll be necessary that a NON PROFIT organization, similar in function to the Bur eau of Reclama­ tion, be formed and owned 'by the Federal Government, t(} const,ruct these irrig~tion s;rstems, HOLD the rights-of-way, storage plants and dis­ tribution systems as its security, and contract for the furnishing of water to any c.nd all users who may desire to purc:1ta. se the same. The full constr~ction cost vdll, of course necessarily be borne by the Federal Government.

12. For the past six months it has been suggested that this plan could be carried out by the Wyoming Rural Rehabilitation Corpor­ ation as the Holding Compm1y. From recent developments it appears thet this will not be rossible, due to complications concerning the organi­ ~ation which has arisen ~u Washington.

15. Irrigation Districts. and taxable units formed for repayment are objectionable in many ways; the principle one being that in fur~ nishing a Gupplemental water supply for an old estvblished irrigation system on a stream with many private ditches and many different prior­ ities, ~a~es it practicclly impossible to arrive at a just and equit­ able taxing system. I personally do not know HOW such a levy might be designed.

14. The market for stored water is well kno~n. I venture to say that .ANY WATER \'JHICH MAY BE STOF..ED ON ANY STREAM IN 'WYOMING MAY BE EASILY AND QUICKLY CONTRLCTED FOR, tHEN STORED AT LEGITIMATE RATES PER ACRE FOOT. In this pnrticular instance, water stands in a class by its sdlf and there is NO OVES.. PRODUCTION, as might easily be the case with nll otber commodities!"· v~ -£4' -8 15. Inasmuch. as relief la.bor is to be used . for construction, certain percentages may be deducted, if destred, to offset the add­ itional expense caused by _emploY:ing thi$ labor_. _

16. OR, severrii; 'or ali ~ of' · the p·roj ects const,ructed could be grouped ns one, the more exp'ensi ve · one balancing the one cheaply constructed, a stipulated rate made fqr repayment, and no deduction ·ever made. ' · ·

17. ·. The graphs ·which follovi, and the descript.ions opposite, b.I~iefly discuss tho general -re'atures and difficultles v1hich have or will .. arise· under· the various methods ·or construction ••

S-49 The graph opposite represents, progressively, tho vurious methods uhi ch ho.ve boon or may be follm7ed in providing r1nter storo.ge in the Sto.tc of Wyoming.

First, is "Eo.rly Prnctico''· In torritorio.l dnys, the pioneers, operating under tho lo.~ of 1876, stGrtod con­ struction of irrigo. tion vmrks, mostly di l"OOt flo~iT diversions, nnd a fe-..:1 stornge reservoirs. Those projects ·r1ere eo.rriod on v.lithout resorting to methods of fincmcing outside their ovm rosources, . excepting possibly for oblig~tions incurred with locc.l bankers at high rntos of interest. As the years pro­ gressed o.nd tho first ten yeo.rs of Statehood CO.illG nlong, vnrious "Reservoir and Cnnnl Compo.nies" "

The present method, sho•tm on the bottom of the graph , as proposed by the writer, is practically the same in prin­ ciple a.s this orig:i.nal method of construction, except that it is now proposed that the PUBLIC, represented by some Federal Agency, be the owner instead of groups of farmers.

Each of the otl1er methods shoYvn on this graph are explained in detail on the pages which follow.

S-51 lN i:.ARLY DAYS GP.OU..PS OF SETTLERS BUILT .THEIR PROJEtTS ON A SHARE BA~is· WIT~ NO O~TSIDE FINANCE

•

Jf.l) The graph opposite, labeled. "Case 1", indicates a reservoir and canals, built to irrigate an "Irrigation DistTict", the priority of storage and direct diversion fro:n the stream being the year 1 904·.

TI1is project, historically, and assuming it to be similar to the Bureau of Reclamation North Platte Project , came into existence as follows:

The Federal Goverr1mont initiated the Bureau of Reclamation, the object of which was to construct and dispose of irriga­ tion works. Engineers of this Bureau "discov6red" Path­ finder Reservoir on the North Platte Rivor, surv8yod it, and made investigation of lands uhich could be reclaimed thereunder.

They found the· lands marked in red 7 surveyed the distribut­ ing canals, etc.

A district was formed under Wyoming la"7!, Ylhich district be­ came a taxable unit, and tLe r.•roj ect wns constructud, the cost being paid by either ussossments against the land, or by other methods.

The Ylater rights were ;f :Lled upon in the State Engineer's Office in the name of tho Secretary of the Intcrior, · and· arc still so held, an.d, Yihon o.ll payments have boen made , the entire project will be turned ovt..1r to the farmurs vrho ha.. ve, by vi rtuc of land 0'.1nership and usD of TID. ter, estab­ lished benoficic.l usc to it, o.nd have puid for it.

This is a nondcrful system, and, nhen lli_L PRIORITI3S ~~lli EQUAL AS TO DIHEC'I' FLOW _A.f·ID STORAGE AS IS THE · Cli..SE IN THE NOR'.rH PLATTE PROJECIJ_l, {with minor exceptions), IS A VE:RY WORKABLE PLAN F'OR FIJ'IANCINC .

Under n. plan very similar to this the Cas:.P er-Alco V~\ Proj oct is nov; boing constructed by tho Bureau of RecllliiK.ttion.

This method of financing is based upon n 100 porcont r0- paymcnt plan. Reservoir

I I I I I I I .I \I II I

\ \ \

'\\,, .

itQU/'.LDRGANIZ£n - D!5TRIC T5 PRIORITieS' The graph opposite, "Case 2", represents an organized irri­ gation district, f'onned for the purpose of constructir.ng a reservoir, TifE OBJECT 01!' WI-ITCH IS 1'0 F1mNISH A STJPPLEM:ENT.AL WATER SUPPLY FOR I.,ANDS .ALREADY PARriAILY ~RRIGATED :B'ROM DIRECT :.lfi,OVv RI GHrrs ACCRUING TO THE. LANDS BY REASON OF PRIOR.:.. ITY FILINGS ON THE STRE.Al"'VI.

The red line indicates the outside limits of the organized district, and the taxable unit.

The canals are shown to have priorities of different dates; starting with 1885 and ending in 1910. In red figures I have indicated that the 1885 right is "minus 10%"; the l89C right "minus 20%", the 1895 "minus 30%", the 1900 ttminus FIFTY PERCENT", and 1905 "minus FOliT'I PERC:ENT", This is supposed to indicate the actual shortage of water found under these various canals, the older right being but ten percent deficient and needing but a small amount of ad­ ditional or stored water, and the 1910 right sixty percent deficient :::. nd needing an additional volume of 60% to make the farm prod~ctive.

I have revsrsed t:te order of shortage in the 1900 c=.tnd the 1905 rights. 11his indicates that, upon occa.sion, possitly due to new supply f:rom sprinss below certain hea.G.gates i or possibly f:eorn ch:·.rnc"ter of 1~1nd, vrheTeby one tract requirss more w·J.ter th

It vvill be seen thnt a pl2n of this nnture m:·cy be rc.thor cumbersome in attempting to design u. repa:;1~ent pl ~m BASED ON TAYillDLE AC1~FAGI~. E~ch separnte trnct, with noss ibly hundreds of ditches di v-er'tj ng· no,tural flovl, ';JOuld ne;ces­ sarily be taxed ut different ratos in order to equitably assess tho "ber~efi ts us they- o.ccrue.

This procedure would cause m~~ny ho.rdships c..nd .~ E.;r0c~t d.oul of ill feeling botvJoen neighbors c~nd could. not succoed.

However, by DJ:iopting only tho ono simple· :;?ro'::eduro of' al- . loTiing tho rosGrvoir itself to be tho oecurit~ for the loun, nnd c.llouinf; ·the \i(.lt·er, o.s dr:.:n1n, to be cll::trgod to th8 par­ son using it, nlL of thGss difficulties uill be eliminated.

5-,~5 I ) CasE? 3, shown on the grHph ;Opposite, represents an est­ (.,. ablished. irrigation district, with d~rect flow and possibly some stored water rights already existing but deficient j"n supply for perfect irrige.tion.

Under the ERA Progrc:tm, districts of this nature present­ ed plans, whereby they agreed to furn~sh certain matGrials, such as cement., t.nd some money, · and asked that relief labor be employed to .constri1ct a storage reservoir< At the time these plans werE? formulated tho idea looked very lc>~udable and eontrc.cts 'of this kind were executed.

However, as the work progressed, INDIVIDUAL WATER USERS ALSO ON THE SAIVIE STHEAM AND WHOSE LANDS WERE NOT IN THE ORGANIZED DISTRICT AND Vv1IO WERE NOT CONTRIBUTING A POHTION OF THE COST, asked to be allowed to contribute a-proportionate shnre, and - be included in the benefits accruing by reason of the addition­ al storage.

The basis of· their objections is well founded·. Th8y see, possibly the last of the availo.ble fl·ood water s:torage of the stream upon which t,hey are located being appropriated by their neighbors, .and Federal Funds employed 'to help construct it with no repayment fe?-ture _- E dded; AND . TI·IEY .ARE BAHRED FHOM JOINING IN THE PROGF.liM ONLY BECAUSE THEY DO NOT HAPPEN TO BE LIVING IN THE . ORGANIZED . DISTRICT.

This condition is ag&in serious; and again the cure is to allow the stored wr.. ter to J::ic::ve a stipulated vclue, in the reser­ voir, and same to be sold at a legitimate rete as to yearly u:;e, allowing anyone ov-ming land. therGunder to contract for its use, whether IN or OUT of an organized Irrigation District. ~------~------~--~-----

r

! rI i I I I

ORGANIZED 015TRIC:-:'T CONTRIBUTIN6 \ . CAS1E 3 ------~--- --···----·-- - --~ · - ··· ------J£D s-58 Case 4, opposite, represents n WPA progrmn, for tho construc­ tion of a. reservoir for the bor.efit of an ontiro stream, the tot~l cost to be pnid by the goverrunent and no ropn~nent fenture.

This is, possibly tho most dangerous of nll of tho plans :presented. Under tho Wyoming untor 1~1VJ, PRIOR.I'I'Y OF AP­ PROPRIATION FOR BF..'J.\fElTICIAL USE SBJJ.L BE THE BETTER RIGHT. This is c. good. l .:n:r , tho best yet devised, r_:.nd YET, if tho wntor FGdcrr~lly storod is for tho boncfi t of the stre:nn, rr MAY NOT POSSIBLY BE DIVIDED BY vVYONITNG WATER O:B,FICIALS EXCEPr~ TIJ rrnE ORDER OF PRIORITY, m1d ccrto.inly such n di vi­ sion nould not bo fo.ir, o. s it would moun that by virtue of :priority alone cort::.in ditch 0\7ners would benofi t 17hilo their neighbors nould be obtG.ining nothing a.nd then Fodernl funds TIOtlid be used for the benefit of u foTI end exclusion of the rest.

Or::..co o.;:;.~:..in, just giving the \later n vo.lue, nnd obtaining ront for tho use of it, will nllevio. to c.ll of those diffi­ culties.

Pl.:ms :1ro being made uhcre donc.tions .nlf_ly be rocoi ved :for n portion. of the expense and tho construction of reservoirs by moo.ns of the two sources of cost; tho dono.tions, and the Federal funds. Only orc-;c:-:.:rJ.ized groups could join in such ~ l'cpnymont plar.i, &nd u.ll of ·t;h~ difficulties of case 3, last before shovm, would be repented. r

w. P' A Pro1'ecf.J

_: .~. ·- ~. · - ----~- ~ . ·---- · --~---S-60 ·­ Case 5, us shmm on opposite pngo, is tho plan proposed in this report.

Let Fodernl Funds bo properly spent for thG construction of a storage reservoir. Lot tho wntors thoroof be sold, ns to use, to ditch otmors on tho s trcc.m, theso m:nc:rs con­ tracting for stipulntod amounts ~t cortnin prices, nnd tho :p~ymonts on those contracts to repay the government for tho cost.

No chc..t.rgos of specio.l f ~~l vors to .'J. foTI mr_y be hurled, just or unjust. .All 1:ill ho.vc eq_ual opportunity to obtaj_n •::c. tor o.nd pay for it.

Under this plo....'1. t.hero is no nccessi ty to form en irriget­ tion district, tho purpose of rihich is only to form n taxnble uni-t to ropo.y construction cost. If on0 farmer fails to koo:p up his contract, the wntc.;r may be trans­ ferred to nnothor; also, should one trnct of lnnd provo unprofi tnblG, tho or:ner mo..y, bGfore proof, tr:J.nsfor tho right acquired to other lands, nnd, perh<.~ ps, snve his farm. ·------~

(..

~ ._,__ j J£D On the opposite page you will find a cowplete copy of the Constitutional Provisions of the State of Wyorling concern­ ing the Waters of the State.

During the Constitutional Convention, many debates were held concerning the use of water and all of these are to be found in "The Journals and Debates of the Constitutional Convention", copies of which are on file in various law libraries. -...,

The result of these debates was only to limit the future law-making bodies of Wyorning to broad general principles concerning the wat~r, and but three main principles exist.

1. WATER IS STNrE PRO PERT'".{ FOR .ALL TIME.

2. PRIORITY FOR BEN11FICIAL USE SHALL GIVE THE BETTER RIGHT.

3. CERTAIN OTiriCERS SH1i.LL BE APPOINTED TO ADMINISTER WATER.

Each successive Legislature of Wyoming has passed laws con­ cerning water. Many laws so })assed existed for a time and were repealed. The entire present code may be found in Wyoming Revised Statutes of 1931 and the Session Laws of the re~llar and special sessions since that time, except­ ing that the Laws concerning the Interstate Streams Com­ missioner are ornmi tted and may be f'ound in Session La-vvs I { of 1927.

It is the op1n1on of some Federal Departments and of many attorneys in Wyoming that Wyoming, as a State, may not en­ gage in the storage of its own water, nor may it make ap­ plication for and receive permits for its diversion, ex­ cepting only for use on. lands owned by the State, such as School Land. .. . ·

\.J!"': - · -0 ....'J .; . C01~STITU TION OF ~JY O,v1 .LJ q

. . -. "~ ' ' C.J (l_ ncern.lng V> ·J.. 1~cr

AHTlULi: I

Sec . 31. }f.Q:·L:r - C~:!:_tr:..9l_i)f . Hater buints ess..::nti:_Ll t ,_: indus­ trial LJ1'0S.i_Jeri ty , of li,di t~d .::t.u! ount, and e3.sy of di vursi )rJ froiil its natural chaiL1els, its c..:. ,- ntrnl dUSt ·L,e in t. h t~ st~Lt.:; , ~.vhich, 1 • 1· · ..l- JI''(l'Vl• Cl•• .l"IolO' 1.':-;)_ r.. ]. : t ,.... ll'' ·--- q 1.- '"11 rr.-.···u --l llv '1" .t:....L' -' •I'~ .:1ll ·l-.1 .t'l ._.; .., .. , r·i ,-,1 1 ° l. " · - l .t. 0 o }:)._. , "'"'L.l •..A.. ... ~ \J '-1 ·.,... . d bf. :. l ,. v ._ ...... u !J. tE::r ---~sts invc~l VfKl .

...~ .. HTIC.Le; VIII

Sue . 1. yif-~-L1 ~--::r.::_ __: L:; _stq._t f; :JI'O.; ':.:: r.iz.. Tha •na.tur :::C nll l1].. tural strea1ilS, A 1Jrill t~B , lak-c: s o r ')ther eoll 8cti c:-.ns ·:o f still wat~r , . ·,ti thin th:J Ll_)und.iri ._ ;s uf th.G st~1 tc; , 3.r(: hc,r ,..:; ;.;y declar.:.::d to ))e th~ l.!rC, 1)urt;y of the St3..t'a .

Sc· c. 2. _l3 ,:..m.f·d _2.:,l,_C ur!_tr·J1. Thur::: sh:1ll be; c c• ncti tutsd a D~)ard

,,f Control, t <; ~J8 C \Xil lJ J~3.ad 0 f the 3tati.. .l:!:ngins·.:.; r and SU1)erintencl_. f;nts ·::>£' th0 water divisic·n n ; wh:ich ~3ha11 , und er such regulati ons

.-~ls ..l.:..ty be 1)r ;;;scribed 'uJ l rD;·, ~ .L:iV~.;; th8 8UiJ~rvisi ::: n .:~f the water s of the stute and of thei r a1)_;_;ro)r i : .:~. -L i J n, diG -'Gri >.itJ.tton a.nd divcr- 3i ·Jl.l, and ;,'i f the vari . )t~s :..,ffi cei·s conn0cted th..:.reN·i th. l ts de­ cisi.;ns t J IJ e suiJJ set t ·~ · revie·it by th~ c -.urts 1•.->f' th(; ::;tate .

Sec •' 3. r}r·i ~~>r· i t~y · 1,..>£. :1~ . ~;:_1 •. !r i c..l t~. Pri ·. r~i tJ ··· ,-, _t~ u.J_ · J . .• r lJil!'la t :t ·~ J il .fnr LleHefiGi._ll uses shall ~ i v.:~ th::; Letter right. 1k; a.1:, >rot)ria-­ tion s.hall be deni ad ~ . x:ce . )t when such cJ. enial is der11.:1nded ty the

_lJublic intere3iJSo -L .

SE.:c. 5. -~)tat,:,; _8I~EGci . TrH.:re ~~hd.Jl !:.· (:~ ~J. Stat.:; .ii.1l§!. ine.:-;r ~vhu

. • shall bt;; :.l..tJ1 ointerJ by t:.h::; Govern .. >r ~; f th·.;;; State and c ._ufir.ncd by the Serw.t-;;; h\) shu.l1 hold his o.f.fice: fL>r thr:; t erw c·f six (6) years, ur until his succuss ..-.:e .sha ll h :1Ve b e ;;-;n a_jh~olDtud and shall have qualj..f.'i \..--::1 . E ~ sh.''ill Le .J;Jr .-~ si d ~.:mt .:-.1f thG Bc~t:ird uf. Control, and shall hav .:; gf-.;nc:ra1 SU_i1cr vi si on .' f thrj waters of th0 Sta tt:: and c-f th1:.: off.Ic1::rs COllnectE.:d v1lth JtD distrii.J utiQn. No porson shall be al.;1;z.dn t ...~ d t :-: thi r1 .::;ot::i tJ. on V'ih{: ha.s n o t such the:)reti ca l knuiirledge -J.nd s1.1ch ~n·J..ct ic al t:!Xi_18rif.::nce and ·;.:.;kill a s shall fit him fo::-J r tht.:; .cJUSi t i on.

S"-64 The two pages following contain a full and complete copy of the law concerning the disposal of Heservoir Water by contract to water users within the Sta·be.

It is under this law that a plan, modeled after the recom­ mendations of this report, may be formulated.

In addition to this law, the Irrigation Code of the state includes the laws fo:t." establishrnent of Irrigation and Drainage Districts, the rules and r egulations :for making applications, proofs, etc., penalties for infractions of the laws, and stipulated duties of the .v.rater officials.

It cilso provides methods for c.ondemnayion of water rights for preferred uses and regulations for administrativ~ officials.

•r\ ~"iYO"vuNG R.tNIS~D ST . d.TJT~S 1931 ARTICL!£ 16

rlJ.GHTS OF Oiii~~RS OF R~~iliVOlRS

Section~

122-1601. Rights of o;-mer - Sale of 1)(lrtion of C3._..Jaci ty of reservoir.

122-1602. Hight's shall n0t att20h tn land excel.Jt by deed.

122-1603. List uf ~>arties entitled to use of wata:r -Duty ·:)f su_tJerint-dndunt.

122-1604. Execution cf deeds f9r roserv ..J ir ,,-iate:r and iilater rights.

122-1605. v ·~ 3.t.8r sh~ll ba furnislwd to ap~.1licants when excess is stored.

122-1606. A1\.l1i.:::e tc rt.:s8rvoirs cunstructed herct ~ >fore und here­ after.

122-1601. Rightr:1 Df GW"ner - Sale ~,f .~.)or-tion of c:1paci ty ·)f r~s;;;rv,;ir. &ce.~:)t as othervrisa l. ;r\.Jvid8d -'Jy deecl or other :Nri t­ ten instru,!tG.nt.s 1;f the o ·;m8.r ur o'vv;nGrs of the r:ight t\) im1)ound v:ater in any r<;;servuir, s~ .1c~1 rt:cervoir J\·vner 1Jr m-rners 3he.ll, after the col.a.tjletic..>n of the worKs i.n cunnecti.:m vifi tb. such raservoir, be held to be tho owner uf the right to iml.J01)nd the v1a t8r, and the right to sell or lclase a .lJortion ..:;.r a.ll his ri~ht to the iu'l.~.)ounded W.J.ters; .c>rovided, that the sale of any 1)ortion 'of ·th8 caJ:1ac:i ty of any re­ servoir shall carry iNi th it ,m interest ln the rcser'Ioir and works

<1.~:"'! 1 JUrtenant thereto of such 1Jro.~.)ortion aa- the 1:orti on S ;::>lc~ be~1rs to the total calJacity of the reservoi:r..,; .:md 1Jrovided, f~1rther, that the VJa ter stored in a.ny reset-voir can net be used outside tho (xmndaries of the St ,~1te of ~Jyo.ping •,rri thout S.;;)Gcial ,per,nj. t frora the St"at6 Engin­ eer; and. _.3roviJed, further, tl'ut· the ~)tate Eng:inee.I· JHlY ueny any use of vlat~~r J~r-o~l any reservoir tlut \lVould b~ dutrL~Gntal to the public interest. (L. '21, c. l4J, ~1.)

12~2-1602. B.ights shall n ut attach to land exce_pt by deed. The reser"V'uir wats.r and r-±~:thts ucquired under re:servoir .t)er;:ui ts and adjudications shall not attach to any pa.:r~icular lan:J.s e::>;ce1)t by deed, ur other sufficient instrw.mnt cont,·e:ying sucb. 'i·m ter or ·#ater rights, executed by thE ovvner or o vi'ners of s-uch reservoir, and such water H.nd w3.ter rights, exce.iJt vvhen attached t~) particular lc:J....'1ds .9.S tf . •r ·:: s ._li cl , .i.J.J: .:...0 aolJ, l;J:J.Sod; tr~msi\: t>rs:d J.Xl ..i ·· usi;d .in such manner and uj_; on suc~1 lands as the owner .of 3UCh rights or 1)artial rights ,nay desire; 1ycov:lded, th..tt sqch vvat~r ..tust l)e used for beneficial _tlU!'.i.JOSes. (L. 1 21_, c. 141, ~2).

S-66 122-1603. List vf .~.)arties entitled t.) 11Se .)f water - Duty of su,;erintendent. The vwncr of each reservoir shall annually, in writing, before or during the irrigating st;ason tmd bei\>re the rcle3.sing uf water fro.iJ the reservoir, deliver tu the vratGr co.rl­ _nissionur having jurisdiotL)n over such reservoir a list or lists 0f ~)artics en T.i tlt.--d to use wa tcr f'r •:> m such rc-;f:;ervoir .during the irrie;ating Seapon Df such year, and also ~i list as ·nsar as :~my be of the lands iJro.;ossd to be irrigated, and shall i ,.L.1 ediately notify such water cu;a:,:..issit.'lner uf any ch:ll1g'ds in such list or lists. Tlla SU 1) c;rint~.::ndent c1f the W·'3.t0r division in vrhich such reserv·.1ir is si tuatsd sh3.11 annually on or before the first day of December in each y0ar Qakb a written report, to th~ State Engine~r of the state, enunerating in det3.il the i;ers:)n or !)crsons VJh .: dt~ring the irrigating season i .ar.1edia tely !Jreceding us8d any 1)~lrt uf ;;1uch r-::servoir water, an·l shall also enu .. wrq.te therein the lands ui.-'on or uses for which said water ~vas a.~.)~} li ~) d ciuring such irrigating seascm so that the State Engineer .cuay be kellt at <;ill ti,

122-·1604. Execution of deeds for reservoir water and vvater rights. All deeJs for :i.·eservoir ~·:.rater and 1w1 t0r r:i.ghts and all leases of the sa~8 for periods of thr8e (3) years or ~ore shall be .JXecuted and acknvwledged as deeds are exucuted, and shall oe re­ cordE;d in the office of the: county clerk of the county in which the reservoir is situated and alsc filed in tlw office of the State Engineer. All leasos of such ua tar and 1gater rights for a _t)eriod less than thre~ ( 3) y8ars shall be in ~vri tin~ and filed in the office of the State Engine8r. (L. '21, c. 141, ~4).

122-1605. Water shall ·b e ·furnished to a,~)_,; l.icant. s ~r.hen ex­ cess is st~.)red. ·- The owner ·0r ogmers of u resc-~rvoir i !J lJounding a great2r quantity of vvater than the oV'r.ner ,)r owners ther0of U8CcJs­ sarily us~:.: for . irrigation and other benefleial pur 1 . :os~ ·:: s in cu:pnection vli th their ')\'ffi lands ~ha ·ll, whe:ri a.1_.lication is .IV:~cle to them f8r that

1JUr._J6Se, furnish such sur1Jlus watt::r at reasonable . rat~s t o ths ov-Iners of lands lying und-er and ca.~atle of being irrigated from such re­ servoi:r for the purl.: OSB of i rriga'ting and rendering the same "'1ro­ ducti.ve, and lilaintaining theii.. .l;;rrxlucti yeness.; ' and in C.3.Se of' refusal S0 to 0-o.,. the owner or owners 'of such reservoir iitay Lo co:n!.H:~lled by .~.)r0 1Jer _~;)roceGdings tu fun1:].sh $ueh r~ater .en such r(~as .:JnalJle term.s as to the ,e c:urt may sae111 .:leli3t and .~: roi H;;r. ·· The ·imt~..:r user who tnay have used any Nat~;;r froj11 such res2rv~ir fer ·any J_)artlcular year shall have the ;,)reference as t ·:) the ·:1se . of the Sli.cati on is Jaade to them by either 1jarty inter8sted, to establish rf.;as,·; na,ole ;·naximu.L\t rates to be charg ed for ·the use ·of vYater from any reservoi1.'·,_ whether furnish­ ed by individuals or a cor.r'oration. kL_ •. ·'21, c~ 141, ~5). _

122-1606. · Ai>Jjlies t o ress rvoirs construe-ted heretofore and hereafter. rrhe J.Jrovisi -::ms of this ,!J.rti'cle shall a,_ .. lJly to res-ervoirs heretofore lawfully cDnstructed as H8ll as tu all reservoirs hereafter lawfully constructed. (1. '21, c. 141, ~6).

s-67 1 ].22-16 )7. Nt.)t a.i.·'1;licabl0 tJ Carey Act lands. This art­ icle shall nut !ljJ1 :.ly to Carey L\ct 1o.nds cr rt;:servoirs for their irrigati CJ~1, nor to ~.:.ny vlatc;r ri .~ ht ur ri , ~hts t -~' th~ usa :.J f waters ( vf' natur::tl str\;;;...l ·:1s ,} £' this statv, initiut..::d fr ~\ n su?h stru::u.1s and used through any such reservoir. (1. r 21, c. 141, ~7).

S-68 STREAM MEASUREMENT ACTIVITIES IN WYOMING