Effects of Deoxyadenosine Triphosphate
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List of Abbreviations
List of Abbreviations 1,3BPGA 1,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate 10-formyl THF 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate 2PG 2-phospho-D-glycerate 3PG 3-phospho-D-glycerate 3PPyr 3-phosphonooxypyruvate 3PSer 3-phosphoserine 6PDG 6-phospho-D-gluconate 6Pgl glucono-1,5-lactone-6-phosphate AcAcACP acetoacetyl-ACP AcAcCoA acetoacetyl-CoA AcACP acetyl-ACP AcCoA acetyl-CoA ACP acyl carrier protein ADP adenosine 5'-diphosphate AKG alpha-ketoglutarate Ala alanine AMP adenosine 5'-monophosphate Arg arginine ArgSuc argininosuccinate Asn asparagine Asp aspartate ATP adenosine 5'-triphosphate CDP cytidine 5'-diphosphate Chol cholesterol Ci citrulline Cit citrate CMP cytidine 5'-monophosphate CO2 carbon dioxide CoA coenzyme A CP carbamoyl-phosphate CTP cytidine 5'-triphosphate Cytc-ox ferricytochrome c Cytc-red ferrocytochrome c dADP 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate dAMP 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate dCDP 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-diphosphate dCMP 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate dGDP 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate dGMP 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHF 7,8-Dihydrofolate dTMP 2'-Deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate dUDP 2'-Deoxyuridine-5'-diphosphate dUMP 2'-Deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate Ery4P erythrose-4-phosphate F16BP fructose 1,6-bisphosphate F6P fructose 6-phosphate FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide FADH2 flavin adenine dinucleotide reduced for formate fPP farnesyl diphosphate Fum fumarate G6P glucose 6-phosphate GA guanidinoacetate GA3P glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate GDP guanosine 5'-diphosphate Glc glucose Gln glutamine Glu glutamate GluSA -
Nucleotide Metabolism 22
Nucleotide Metabolism 22 For additional ancillary materials related to this chapter, please visit thePoint. I. OVERVIEW Ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside phosphates (nucleotides) are essential for all cells. Without them, neither ribonucleic acid (RNA) nor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be produced, and, therefore, proteins cannot be synthesized or cells proliferate. Nucleotides also serve as carriers of activated intermediates in the synthesis of some carbohydrates, lipids, and conjugated proteins (for example, uridine diphosphate [UDP]-glucose and cytidine diphosphate [CDP]- choline) and are structural components of several essential coenzymes, such as coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD[H2]), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD[H]), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP[H]). Nucleotides, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), serve as second messengers in signal transduction pathways. In addition, nucleotides play an important role as energy sources in the cell. Finally, nucleotides are important regulatory compounds for many of the pathways of intermediary metabolism, inhibiting or activating key enzymes. The purine and pyrimidine bases found in nucleotides can be synthesized de novo or can be obtained through salvage pathways that allow the reuse of the preformed bases resulting from normal cell turnover. [Note: Little of the purines and pyrimidines supplied by diet is utilized and is degraded instead.] II. STRUCTURE Nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base; a pentose monosaccharide; and one, two, or three phosphate groups. The nitrogen-containing bases belong to two families of compounds: the purines and the pyrimidines. A. Purine and pyrimidine bases Both DNA and RNA contain the same purine bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G). -
Triphosphate Accumulation, DNA Damage, and Growth Inhibition Following Exposure to CB3717 and Dipyridamole Nicola J
(CANCER RESEARCH 51. 2346-2352, May I. 1991) Mechanism of Cell Death following Thymidylate Synthase Inhibition: 2'-Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate Accumulation, DNA Damage, and Growth Inhibition following Exposure to CB3717 and Dipyridamole Nicola J. Curtin,1 Adrian L. Harris, and G. Wynne Aherne Cancer Research L'nil, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne [N. J. C.J; Imperial Cancer Research Fund Clinical Oncology Unit, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxon ¡A.L. H.]; Department of Biochemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey [G. W. A.], England ABSTRACT but one hypothesis, based on the study of bacterial mutants (3- The thymidylate synthasc inhibitor /V'°-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic 5), is that TS inhibition leads not only to a reduction in dTTP levels but also, as dUMP accumulates behind the block, to the acid (CB3717) inhibits the growth of human lung carcinoma A549 cells. formation of dUTP. The levels of dUTP eventually overwhelm The cytotoxicity of CB3717 is potentiated by the nucleoside transport inhibitor dipyridamole (DP), which not only inhibits the uptake and dUTPase (the enzyme which breaks down dUTP to dUMP) therefore salvage of thymidine but also inhibits the efflux of deoxyuridine, and the levels of dUTP increase. DNA polymerase can utilize thereby enhancing the intracellular accumulation of deoxyuridine nucleo- dUTP and dTTP with equal efficiency (6), such that uracil is tides. Measurement of intracellular deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) misincorporated into DNA. Uracil in DNA is excised rapidly pools, by sensitive radioimmunoassay, demonstrated a large increase in by uracil glycosylase, leaving an apyrimidinic site. During repair response to CB3717, in a dose- and time-related manner, and this of apyrimidinic sites, in the presence of unbalanced dUTP/ accumulation was enhanced by coincubation with DP. -
Central Nervous System Dysfunction and Erythrocyte Guanosine Triphosphate Depletion in Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency
Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.62.4.385 on 1 April 1987. Downloaded from Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1987, 62, 385-391 Central nervous system dysfunction and erythrocyte guanosine triphosphate depletion in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency H A SIMMONDS, L D FAIRBANKS, G S MORRIS, G MORGAN, A R WATSON, P TIMMS, AND B SINGH Purine Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, Department of Immunology, Institute of Child Health, London, Department of Paediatrics, City Hospital, Nottingham, Department of Paediatrics and Chemical Pathology, National Guard King Khalid Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia SUMMARY Developmental retardation was a prominent clinical feature in six infants from three kindreds deficient in the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and was present before development of T cell immunodeficiency. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) depletion was noted in the erythrocytes of all surviving homozygotes and was of equivalent magnitude to that found in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (complete hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficiency). The similarity between the neurological complications in both disorders that the two major clinical consequences of complete PNP deficiency have differing indicates copyright. aetiologies: (1) neurological effects resulting from deficiency of the PNP enzyme products, which are the substrates for HGPRT, leading to functional deficiency of this enzyme. (2) immunodeficiency caused by accumulation of the PNP enzyme substrates, one of which, deoxyguanosine, is toxic to T cells. These studies show the need to consider PNP deficiency (suggested by the finding of hypouricaemia) in patients with neurological dysfunction, as well as in T cell immunodeficiency. http://adc.bmj.com/ They suggest an important role for GTP in normal central nervous system function. -
Standard Abbreviations
Journal of CancerJCP Prevention Standard Abbreviations Journal of Cancer Prevention provides a list of standard abbreviations. Standard Abbreviations are defined as those that may be used without explanation (e.g., DNA). Abbreviations not on the Standard Abbreviations list should be spelled out at first mention in both the abstract and the text. Abbreviations should not be used in titles; however, running titles may carry abbreviations for brevity. ▌Abbreviations monophosphate ADP, dADP adenosine diphosphate, deoxyadenosine IR infrared diphosphate ITP, dITP inosine triphosphate, deoxyinosine AMP, dAMP adenosine monophosphate, deoxyadenosine triphosphate monophosphate LOH loss of heterozygosity ANOVA analysis of variance MDR multiple drug resistance AP-1 activator protein-1 MHC major histocompatibility complex ATP, dATP adenosine triphosphate, deoxyadenosine MRI magnetic resonance imaging trip hosphate mRNA messenger RNA bp base pair(s) MTS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3- CDP, dCDP cytidine diphosphate, deoxycytidine diphosphate carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)- CMP, dCMP cytidine monophosphate, deoxycytidine mono- 2H-tetrazolium phosphate mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin CNBr cyanogen bromide MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- cDNA complementary DNA diphenyltetrazolium bromide CoA coenzyme A NAD, NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced COOH a functional group consisting of a carbonyl and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide a hydroxyl, which has the formula –C(=O)OH, NADP, NADPH nicotinamide adnine dinucleotide -
Cancer Science Standard Abbreviations List
Cancer Science Standard Abbreviations List Common abbreviations, acronyms and short names are listed below. These shortened forms can be used without definition in articles published in Cancer Science. The same form is used in the plural. 7-AAD 7-amino-actinomycin D (stain) ES cell embryonic stem cell Ab antibody EST expressed sequence tag ADP adenosine 5′-diphosphate FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorter dADP 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-diphosphate FBS fetal bovine serum AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome FCS fetal calf serum Akt protein kinase B FDA Food and Drug Administration AML acute myelogenous leukemia FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization AMP adenosine 5′-monophosphate FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate dAMP 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate FPLC fast protein liquid chromatography ANOVA analysis of variance FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer ATCC American Type Culture Collection GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ATP adenosine 5′-triphosphate GDP guanosine 5′-diphosphate dATP 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate dGDP 2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-diphosphate beta-Gal, β-Gal beta-galactosidase GFP green fluorescent protein bp base pair(s) GMP guanosine 5′-monophosphate BrdU 5-bromodeoxyuridine dGMP 2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-monophosphate BSA bovine serum albumin GST glutathione S-transferase CCK-8 Cell Counting Kit-8 (tradename) GTP guanosine 5′-triphosphate CDP cytidine 5′-diphosphate dGTP 2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate cCDP 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-diphosphate HA hemagglutinin CHAPS 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-1- -
And Triphosphate from Royal Jelly Using Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry," Journal of Food and Drug Analysis: Vol
Volume 28 Issue 3 Article 2 2020 Quantification of Adenosine Mono-, Di- and riphosphateT from Royal Jelly using Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry Follow this and additional works at: https://www.jfda-online.com/journal Part of the Food Science Commons, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics Commons, Pharmacology Commons, and the Toxicology Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Liao, Wan-Rou; Huang, Jen-Pang; and Chen, Sung-Fang (2020) "Quantification of Adenosine Mono-, Di- and Triphosphate from Royal Jelly using Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry," Journal of Food and Drug Analysis: Vol. 28 : Iss. 3 , Article 2. Available at: https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.1007 This Original Article is brought to you for free and open access by Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Food and Drug Analysis by an authorized editor of Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. Quantification of adenosine Mono-, Di- and triphosphate from royal jelly using liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometry ORIGINAL ARTICLE Wan-Rou Liao a, Jen-Pang Huang b, Sung-Fang Chen a,* a Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan b MSonline Scientific Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan Abstract Nucleotides are composed of nitrogen bases, ribose units and phosphate groups. Adenine (Ade), adenosine mono- phosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) all play important roles in physio- logical metabolism. Royal jelly, a secretion produced by worker bees, contains a variety of natural ingredients and several studies have shown that royal jelly can serve as a source of nutrition for humans. -
Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose Pyrophosphatase: a Plastidial Phosphodiesterase That Prevents Starch Biosynthesis
Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase: A plastidial phosphodiesterase that prevents starch biosynthesis Milagros Rodrı´guez-Lo´ pez, Edurne Baroja-Ferna´ ndez, Aitor Zandueta-Criado, and Javier Pozueta-Romero* Instituto de Agrobiotecnologı´ay Recursos Naturales, Universidad Pu´blica de Navarra ͞Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas,Carretera de Mutilva s͞n, Mutilva Baja, 31192 Navarra, Spain Communicated by Andre´T. Jagendorf, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, April 13, 2000 (received for review November 28, 1999) A distinct phosphodiesterasic activity (EC 3.1.4) was found in both their possible occurrence in several plant species. As a result, we mono- and dicotyledonous plants that catalyzes the hydrolytic have now found a phosphodiesterasic activity that catalyzes the breakdown of ADPglucose (ADPG) to produce equimolar amounts hydrolytic breakdown of ADPG. In this paper, we report of glucose-1-phosphate and AMP. The enzyme responsible for this the subcellular localization and biochemical characterization of activity, referred to as ADPG pyrophosphatase (AGPPase), was the enzyme responsible for this activity, referred to as ADPG purified over 1,100-fold from barley leaves and subjected to pyrophosphatase (AGPPase).† Based on the results presented in biochemical characterization. The calculated Keq (modified equi- this work using different plant sources, we discuss that AGPPase librium constant) value for the ADPG hydrolytic reaction at pH 7.0 may be involved in controlling the intracellular levels of ADPG and 25°C is 110, and its standard-state free-energy change value linked to starch biosynthesis. kJ). Kinetic analyses showed 4.18 ؍ G)is؊2.9 kcal͞mol (1 kcal⌬) that, although AGPPase can hydrolyze several low-molecular Materials and Methods weight phosphodiester bond-containing compounds, ADPG Plant Material. -
Utilization of L-Methionine and S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine for Methylation of Soluble RNA by Mouse Liver and Hepatoma Extracts1
[CANCER RESEARCH 27, 646-«S3,April 1967] Utilization of L-Methionine and S-Adenosyl-L-methionine for Methylation of Soluble RNA by Mouse Liver and Hepatoma Extracts1 R. L. HANCOCK The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine SUMMARY following reaction: ATP + L-methionine = SAM + pyrophos The methyl group of L-methionine or S-adenosyl-L-methionine phate + monophosphate (7). SAM is used in the methylation of sRNA by sRNA methylases in the following reaction: sRNA + is used by nonparticulate mouse liver and hepatoma prepara SAM = methylated sRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (10). tions to methylate soluble ribonucleic acid (sRNA). Esclierichia The two enzyme reactions are presented along with a representa coli K12 sRNA was a more active substrate than yeast sRNA. tion of the origin of the unmethylated sRNA (tp-RNA) in Chart Four different lots of E. coli B sRNA gave similar incorporations between lots. "Stripped" and "nonstripped" sRNA had similar 1. An array of RNA methylases exhibiting specificity for par ticular bases and for sRNA from different biologic sources, along amounts of methyl incorporation. Other nucleoside triphosphates with other, less si^ecific RNA methylases, has been described besides adenosine triphosphate were capable of sup]x>rting the incorjioration of methyl groups from L-methionine into sRNA. (11, 15, 16, 17, 22). The most extensively methylated sRNA molecules known have been found in mammary adenocarcinoma The nonspecificity of the nucleoside triphosphate reaction was tissue (3), and recently Mittelman et al. (18) have found RNA shown to be due to an adenosine diphosphokinase reaction and methylase activity to be extremely high in certain viral-induced not to nucleoside tri phosphate: L-methionine nucleosidyl trans- tumor cells. -
Distribution of Nucleosides in Populations of Cordyceps Cicadae
Molecules 2014, 19, 6123-6141; doi:10.3390/molecules19056123 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Distribution of Nucleosides in Populations of Cordyceps cicadae Wen-Bo Zeng 1, Hong Yu 1,*, Feng Ge 2, Jun-Yuan Yang 1, Zi-Hong Chen 1, Yuan-Bing Wang 1, Yong-Dong Dai 1 and Alison Adams 3 1 Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, Institute of Herb Biotic Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (W.-B.Z.); [email protected] (J.-Y.Y.); [email protected] (Z.-H.C.); [email protected] (Y.-B.W.); [email protected] (Y.-D.D.) 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Biological Sciences, College of Engineering, Forestry and Natural Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +86-137-006-766-33; Fax: +86-871-650-346-55. Received: 15 January 2014; in revised form: 25 April 2014 / Accepted: 5 May 2014 / Published: 14 May 2014 Abstract: A rapid HPLC method had been developed and used for the simultaneous determination of 10 nucleosides (uracil, uridine, 2'-deoxyuridine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine, adenine, adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine and cordycepin) in 10 populations of Cordyceps cicadae, in order to compare four populations of Ophicordyceps sinensis and one population of Cordyceps militaris. Statistical analysis system (SAS) 8.1 was used to analyze the nucleoside data. -
Deoxyadenosine Triphosphate As a Mediator of Deoxyguanosine Toxicity in Cultured T Lymphoblasts
Deoxyadenosine triphosphate as a mediator of deoxyguanosine toxicity in cultured T lymphoblasts. G J Mann, R M Fox J Clin Invest. 1986;78(5):1261-1269. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI112710. Research Article The mechanism by which 2'-deoxyguanosine is toxic for lymphoid cells is relevant both to the severe cellular immune defect of inherited purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency and to attempts to exploit PNP inhibitors therapeutically. We have studied the cell cycle and biochemical effects of 2'-deoxyguanosine in human lymphoblasts using the PNP inhibitor 8-aminoguanosine. We show that cytostatic 2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations cause G1-phase arrest in PNP-inhibited T lymphoblasts, regardless of their hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase status. This effect is identical to that produced by 2'-deoxyadenosine in adenosine deaminase-inhibited T cells. 2'-Deoxyguanosine elevates both the 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate (dGTP) and 2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (dATP) pools; subsequently pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide pools are depleted. The time course of these biochemical changes indicates that the onset of G1-phase arrest is related to increase of the dATP rather than the dGTP pool. When dGTP elevation is dissociated from dATP elevation by coincubation with 2'-deoxycytidine, dGTP does not by itself interrupt transit from the G1 to the S phase. It is proposed that dATP can mediate both 2'-deoxyguanosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine toxicity in T lymphoblasts. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/112710/pdf Deoxyadenosine Triphosphate as a Mediator of Deoxyguanosine Toxicity in Cultured T Lymphoblasts G. J. Mann and R. M. Fox Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (Sydney Branch), University ofSydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia Abstract urine of PNP-deficient individuals, with elevation of plasma inosine and guanosine and mild hypouricemia (3). -
CFA As a Clinically Translatable Probe for PET Imaging of Deoxycytidine Kinase Activity
[18F]CFA as a clinically translatable probe for PET imaging of deoxycytidine kinase activity Woosuk Kima,b,1, Thuc M. Lea,b,1, Liu Weia,b, Soumya Poddara,b, Jimmy Bazzya,b, Xuemeng Wanga,b, Nhu T. Uonga,b, Evan R. Abta,b, Joseph R. Capria,b, Wayne R. Austinc, Juno S. Van Valkenburghb,d, Dalton Steeleb,d, Raymond M. Gipsond, Roger Slavika,b, Anthony E. Cabebea,b, Thotsophon Taechariyakula,b, Shahriar S. Yaghoubie, Jason T. Leea,f, Saman Sadeghia,b, Arnon Lavieg, Kym F. Faulla,b,h,i, Owen N. Wittea,j,k,l, Timothy R. Donahuea,b,m, Michael E. Phelpsa,f,2, Harvey R. Herschmana,b,n, Ken Herrmanna,b, Johannes Czernina,b, and Caius G. Radua,b,2 aDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; bAhmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; cAbcam, Cambridge, MA 02139-1517; dDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; eCellSight Technologies, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94107; fCrump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; gDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607; hThe Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; iDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; jDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; kHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; lEli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; mDepartment of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and nDepartment of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Contributed by Michael E.