Food Allergies & Intolerances and Cross-Contact Prevention Objectives: 1
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Ige – the Main Player of Food Allergy
DDMOD-431; No of Pages 8 Vol. xxx, No. xx 2016 Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Editors-in-Chief Jan Tornell – AstraZeneca, Sweden DRUG DISCOVERY Andrew McCulloch – University of California, SanDiego, USA TODAY DISEASE MODELS IgE – the main player of food allergy 1 2,3 2 Henrike C.H. Broekman , Thomas Eiwegger , Julia Upton , 4, Katrine L. Bøgh * 1 Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands 2 Division of Immunology and Allergy, Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, The Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada 3 Research Institute, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 4 National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark Food allergy is a growing problem worldwide, presently Section editor: affecting 2–4% of adults and 5–8% of young children. IgE Michelle Epstein – Medical University of Vienna, is a key player in food allergy. Consequently huge Department of Dermatology, DIAID, Experimental Allergy, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Room 4P9.02, A1090, efforts have been made to develop tests to detect Vienna, Austria. either the presence of IgE molecules, their allergen binding sites or their functionality, in order to provide allergen ingestion [1], and involve one or more of the follow- information regarding the patient’s food allergy. The ing systems; the skin (pruritus, urticaria, or angioedema), the ultimate goal is to develop tools that are capable of gastro-intestinal tract (diarrhea, vomiting, contractions, in- creased bowel movement), the respiratory tract (asthma at- discriminating between asymptomatic sensitization tack, hoarseness, stridor/laryngeal angioedema) or the and a clinically relevant food allergy, and between cardiovascular system (dizziness, drop in blood pressure, loss different allergic phenotypes in an accurate and trust- of consciousness) [2,3]. -
Food Intolerance
Food intolerance A food intolerance is when the body reacts to a food but the reaction doesn’t involve the immune system. Symptoms Diagnoses Symptoms of intolerance can include The 'elimination diet' is the only way to bloating and wind, diarrhoea, nausea, diagnose a food intolerance. All suspected indigestion, eczema and asthma. foods are completely removed from the diet for one to three weeks. Unlike food allergies most food intolerances are dose-dependent, A small amount is then reintroduced and meaning that a person can usually if symptoms reoccur, the intolerance is consume a certain amount before confirmed. symptoms appear. It is important that this test is taken under the supervision of a doctor, allergy specialist or Registered Dietitian to make sure that proper nutrition is maintained. Source: Allergy New Zealand, a national not-for-profit society whose primary role is to provide information, education, and support to the many thousands of New Zealanders living with allergies, including those at risk of anaphylaxis. For more information phone 09 623 3912 or email [email protected]. Food intolerance Almost any food can cause an intolerance, but there are some types of intolerances that occur more than others. Lactose intolerance This condition is called coeliac disease. It involves the immune system and is not an A condition in which a person cannot digest intolerance. the sugar found in dairy products, is one of the most common food intolerances. It is estimated that 1 in Sensitivity to naturally occurring food chemicals can cause symptoms of 100 New Zealanders are intolerance as well. -
Welcoming Guests with Food Allergies
Welcoming Guests With Food Allergies A comprehensive program for training staff to safely prepare and serve food to guests who have food allergies The Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network 11781 Lee Jackson Hwy., Suite 160 Fairfax, VA 22033 (800) 929-4040 www.foodallergy.org Produced and distributed by the Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network (FAAN). FAAN is a nonprofit organization established to raise public awareness, to provide advocacy and education, and to advance research on behalf of all those affected by food allergies and anaphylaxis. All donations are tax-deductible. © 2001. Updated 2010, the Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 1-882541-21-9 FAAN grants permission to photocopy this document for limited internal use. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution (excluding the materials in the Appendix, which may be customized, reproduced, and distributed for and by the establishment), for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. For information, contact FAAN, 11781 Lee Jackson Hwy., Suite 160, Fairfax, VA 22033, www.foodallergy.org. Disclaimer This guide was designed to provide a guideline for restaurant and food service employees. FAAN and its collaborators disclaim any responsibility for any adverse effects resulting from the information presented in this guide. FAAN does not warrant or guarantee that following the procedures outlined in this guide will eliminate or prevent allergic reactions. The food service facility should not rely on the information contained herein as its sole source of information to prevent allergic reactions. The food service facility should make sure that it complies with all local, state, and federal requirements relating to the safe handling of food and other consumable items, in addition to following safe food-handling procedures to prevent food contamination. -
Feeding the World a Look at Biotechnology and World Hunger
Feeding the World A LOOK AT BIOTECHNOLOGY & WORLD HUNGER A brief prepared by the Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology MARCH 2004 Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology 1331 H Street, NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20005 phone 202-347-9044 fax 202-347-9047 www.pewagbiotech.org © 2004 Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology. All rights reserved. No portion of this paper may be reproduced by any means, electronic or mechanical, without permission in writing from the publisher. This report was support- ed by a grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts to the University of Richmond. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Pew Charitable Trusts or the University of Richmond. 3 Preface One of the most controversial issues surrounding geneti- cally modified foods is whether biotechnology can help address the urgent problems of global hunger. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the number of chronically undernourished peo- ple in developing nations has risen in recent years to 798 million. Proponents of biotechnology argue that it offers the best prospect for helping less developed nations feed their hungry citizens by improving plant genetics to increase crop yields, in the same way that improved rice and wheat varieties led to the Green Revolution beginning in the 1960s. Critics respond that genetically modified foods pose risks to human health and the environment. Both sets of arguments are embedded in the context of broader and deeper conflicts over development, global- ization, and the role of technology in agriculture. -
Food Fact Sheet: Food Allergy and Food Intolerance
Food Fact Sheet: Food Allergy and Food Intolerance Having to avoid certain foods in your diet can be difficult. But there are a few simple things you can do to help you manage your food allergies - allowing you to stay safe, continue to participate in fun activities and enjoy your food. What is the difference between food allergy and food intolerance? For some people, eating certain foods can lead to an unpleasant and sometimes dangerous physical reaction. The term used to describe all types of reactions to foods is ‘food hypersensitivity’. A 'food allergy' is a reaction involving the immune system (the body’s defence against foreign bodies). Those that do not involve the immune system are often called a ‘food intolerance’. It is important to identify and manage foods that trigger any symptoms in an appropriate way. Food allergy Proteins within foods can trigger immediate (within two hours) or delayed symptoms (up to several days later). Immediate food allergy (IgE mediated food allergy) Immediate reactions to foods occur when your immune system reacts to a normally harmless protein in food, due to the creation of Immunoglobulin E (IgE). This results in the release of chemicals (e.g. histamine) which trigger allergic symptoms. These symptoms are usually in the skin (itching/swelling), or gut (vomiting, diarrhoea). Other symptoms can include breathing problems and in rare cases an extreme allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Delayed food allergy (non IgE mediated food allergy) Delayed reactions to foods still involve your immune system, but there is a different type of immune reaction involved. Symptoms typically occur in the gut (vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation) and/or the skin (atopic eczema). -
Food Allergy and Intolerance: a Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns
nutrients Review Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns Domenico Gargano 1,†, Ramapraba Appanna 2,†, Antonella Santonicola 2 , Fabio De Bartolomeis 1, Cristiana Stellato 2, Antonella Cianferoni 3, Vincenzo Casolaro 2 and Paola Iovino 2,* 1 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy; [email protected] (D.G.); [email protected] (F.D.B.) 2 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; [email protected] (R.A.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (C.S.); [email protected] (V.C.) 3 Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-335-7822672 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune-mediated intolerances. However, this distinction and the involvement of different pathogenetic mechanisms are often confused. Furthermore, there is a discrepancy between the perceived vs. actual prevalence of immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune reactions to food that are extremely common. The risk of an inappropriate approach to their correct identification can lead to inappropriate diets with severe nutritional deficiencies. This narrative review provides an outline of the pathophysiologic and clinical features of immune and non-immune adverse reactions to food—along with general Citation: Gargano, D.; Appanna, R.; diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Special emphasis is placed on specific nutritional concerns for Santonicola, A.; De Bartolomeis, F.; each of these conditions from the combined point of view of gastroenterology and immunology, in Stellato, C.; Cianferoni, A.; Casolaro, an attempt to offer a useful tool to practicing physicians in discriminating these diverging disease V.; Iovino, P. -
Allergen Training Basics for the Foodservice and Food Retail Industry
Allergen Training Basics for the Foodservice and Food Retail Industry Food Allergy Canada (formerly Anaphylaxis Canada) and TrainCan Inc., are pleased to introduce an innovative employee training program, Allergen Training Basics for Foodservice and Food Retail Industry. This program was jointly developed by Food Allergy Canada and TrainCan, which each bring specific expertise in the areas of food allergen management and food safety training. Food Allergy in Canada- A Growing Concern Approximately 2.5 million Canadians self-report at least one food allergy, based on recent research.* This poses challenges to you, members of the foodservice and food retail industry, as you receive an increasing number of requests to help accommodate allergic consumers. The Allergen Training Basics course will help you manage these demands, by providing your staff, the need-to-have resources to improve allergen awareness, training and consumer safety. Course Overview: Targeted towards front line employees, the program is designed as an introductory self-study course. It offers a certificate of completion to all employees who are successful in passing the course examination. The course is divided into three main sections and covers key information about managing food allergens and helping employees understand their role in keeping allergic consumers safe. Section One: LEARN What you need to know about food allergies and intolerances Section Two: PREVENT Stopping problems before they happen Section Three: RESPOND Understanding your responsibility (“duty -
Gluten Intolerance
2/10/2016 Some Questions We Will Explore • What is with the gluten‐free fad? • Are people who complain of gluten intolerance or gluten sensitivity— Gluten Intolerance: without having celiac disease—hypochondriacs or attention‐seekers? • Do some people who do not have celiac disease react negatively to Madness, Myth, Medicine or Mystery? ingested gluten? • Is gluten‐free just another passing fad upon which the food industry is Lunch and Learn capitalizing? Em M. Pijl‐Zieber PhD, RN Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lethbridge When Did All This Craze Start? What Is Gluten? • Gluten is found in grains such as wheat, barley, rye, and a cross between wheat and rye called triticale • Gluten is a complex protein formed of two protein structures: gliadin and glutenin, connected by disulfide bridge • Gluten is the magical protein responsible for the capability for bread dough to rise and contain carbon dioxide What Is Gluten? What Is This Gluten‐Free “Fad”? • According to Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada (2013): • "Gluten free" is the fastest growing food intolerance category • Celiac disease is recognized as one of the most common chronic diseases world‐wide (Health Canada 2008), affecting an estimated 1% (1/133) of Canadians, with less than 10% of people with celiac disease having been diagnosed. 1 2/10/2016 What Is This Gluten‐Free “Fad”? What Is This Gluten‐Free “Fad”? • According to Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada (2013): • According to Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada (2013): • Almost one third of Canadians (10 million) are looking -
Food Allergens in the Bakery
Food Allergens in the Bakery Major food allergens are: fish, peanuts, wheat, soy, tree nuts (such as almonds, filberts/hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnuts), eggs, milk/dairy, and shellfish (such as shrimp, crab, or lobster). A food allergen can cause illness or death in some of your customers. Other sensitive ingredients include lactose, gluten, and sesame. Be aware of bakery products that contain allergens. The list below is not a full listing of potential allergens, but a list of more common ones found in bakery products: CMYK Milk/ • Butter • Sour Cream Lactose • Cream • Whipped Cream • Ice Cream • Yogurt • Milk • Cheese • Whey • Buttermilk • Caramel color or flavor Eggs • Egg washes—used on breads, sweet goods, • Egg substitutes made pastries, and pies with egg whites • Edible cake decorations Wheat/ • Wheat: • Barley Gluten • triticale • flour • Oats • graham • hydrolyzed wheat • Rye • kamut protein • Wheat derivatives: • semolina • matzoh • bran • grass • spelt • sprouted wheat • durum • malt • faro • wheat germ oil • germ • sprouts • einkorn • whole wheat berries • gluten • starch Peanuts/ • Artificial nuts • Almonds Tree Nuts • May be made from peanuts with tree nut • Filberts/Hazelnuts flavoring added • Peanuts • Marzipan • Pecans • Made from almond paste; used in cookies, • Pistachios sweet goods, and cakes • Walnuts • Pesto • May contain pine nuts or walnuts; added to some focaccia and savory breads Soy • Lecithin • Soy flour • Guar gum • Soy milk How Can I Help My Customers? • Some customers will ask you for ingredient information to make informed decisions. • Know where to find labels or product ingredient information to give them. • DO NOT use this information to make health recommendations. Let customers decide. For more in-depth information on the top 8 food allergens, see FARE’s Tips for Avoiding Your Allergen at foodallergy.org. -
Sesame, Pistachio, and Macadamia Nut: Development and Validation of New Allergenic Systems for Fast Real-Time PCR Application
foods Article Sesame, Pistachio, and Macadamia Nut: Development and Validation of New Allergenic Systems for Fast Real-Time PCR Application Martina Torricelli * , Elisa Pierboni * , Cristina Rondini, Serena Altissimi and Naceur Haouet Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche Regions “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (N.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (E.P.); Tel.: +39-07-5343-3072 (M.T.); +39-07-5343-299 (E.P.) Received: 24 June 2020; Accepted: 5 August 2020; Published: 8 August 2020 Abstract: Food allergy is a worldwide health problem that concerns infants to adults. The main health risk for sensitised individuals is due to the presence of traces of allergens as the result of an accidental contamination during food processing. The labelling of allergens such as sesame, pistachio, and macadamia nut on food products is mandatory according to Regulation (EU) N. 1169/2011; therefore, the development of suitable and specific analytical methodologies is advisable. The aim of this study was to perform a multi-allergen real-time PCR system that works well in fast mode at the same annealing temperature and with the same thermal profile. The real-time PCR was developed designing new, specific, and efficient primer and probe systems for the 2S albumin gene for sesame and pistachio and for the vicilin precursor gene for macadamia nut. These systems were subjected to a robust intra-laboratory qualitative validation process prior to their application, by DNA extraction and fast real-time PCR, on some real market samples to reproduce a potential allergen contamination along the food chain. -
Celiac Disease and Gluten Intolerance
Expert Updates in Celiac Disease and Gluten Intolerance Sheila E. Crowe, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FACG, AGAF Division of Gastroenterology University of California, San Diego Definitions and Terminology • Celiac disease (CD): a chronic small intestinal immune- mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals • Other terms including celiac sprue, sprue, gluten intolerance and gluten-sensitive enteropathy are no longer recommended • Gluten sensitivity = gluten intolerance ~ NCGS • Gluten is a protein in many grains wheat, rye, triticale • Wheat starch is the other key component of wheat Ludvigsson, J et al, Gut, 62(1):43-52;2013 Impact of Gluten-Free Eating • The gluten-free (GF) market is expected to reach $15 billion in annual sales by 20161 • Portion of households reporting purchases of GF increased from 5% in 2010 to 11% in 20131 • Common brands now available as GF • Increase in labeling of foods as GF that are naturally GF from vodka, water, to meats and poultry • The Onion reported in April 2014 “14% of Americans now intolerant to word “gluten” 1. New York Times articles, Feb 17, 2014, Oct 6, 2014 Forms of Gluten Sensitivity? Oslo Definitions Gluten Sensitivity Due to A chronic small intestinal Celiac Disease (CD) immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity One or more immunological, (NCGS) morphological and/or symptomatic alterations triggered by gluten ingestion in individuals in whom celiac disease has been excluded Ludvigsson, J et al, Gut, 62(1):43-52; 2013 A Gluten-Sensitive Patient • A 28 yr old woman comes to see me for food intolerances and gluten sensitivity. -
Food Intolerance Test
What is the difference between Food Intolerance Test What is Food Intolerance? Food Intolerances and Food Allergies? Discover the link between what you Food intolerance can result from your body reacting Food allergies and food intolerances are two different are eating and why you feel unwell adversely to certain foods. Although not life- conditions with different causes and symptoms. threatening, food intolerance is associated with a range of unpleasant, often unexplained symptoms which can An allergy is an over-reaction of the immune system, make daily life miserable for sufferers. Symptoms your body’s natural defence system. True allergy can last for several days or even weeks and are often occurs when your body responds as though it’s under intermittent, making it difficult to identify which foods attack, releasing Type I IgE antibodies to ‘fight off’ are causing the problems. the allergen by mistake, even though the allergen is Innovative Diagnostics is a medically managed service prac- tice led by a group of doctors and supported by a dedicated normally harmless. These are the antibodies that are team of senior and experienced industry professionals. We Research has shown that food intolerance is linked to measured in an IgE allergy test. achieved the industry gold standard CAP Accreditation in antibodies produced by your immune system when you 2013 and are forging a new path. We aspire to set indus- eat certain foods. Using a small blood sample, food Allergic reactions are often triggered by food like try benchmarks in doctor and patient experiences. peanuts, shellfish and milk, and inhaled allergens such intolerance FoodPrint tests can identify IgG antibodies as dust, pollen and pet dander.