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Snow Pea Final Report VG05029 (September 2009) Fusarium wilt of snow peas. Andrew Watson et al. Industry and Investment NSW VG05029 Andrew Watson Industry and Investment NSW Yanco Agricultural Institute Yanco, 2703. Phone 02 69 512611 Fax 02 69 512719 Email [email protected] Co-authors: Ameera Yousiph (University of Sydney), Dr. Edward Liew (Botanic Gardens Trust) and John Duff (Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation). Researchers in New South Wales-Ameera Yousiph (University of Sydney), Dr. Edward Liew (Botanic Gardens Trust), Andrew Watson, Lee Brown and Meryl Snudden (Industry and Investment NSW). Researchers in Queensland-John Duff, Caroline Church and Heidi Martin (Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation). This report covers the activities undertaken during the period of the project from January 2005 till September 2009. Report Completed-September 2009. This project has been facilitated by Industry and Investment NSW and Horticulture Australia Limited in partnership with AUSVEG, and has been funded by the vegetable levy and the Australian Government. Any recommendations contained in this publication do not necessarily represent current Horticulture Australia Limited policy. No person should act on the basis of the contents of this publication, whether as to matters of fact or opinion or other content, without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice in respect of the matters set out in this publication. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. 1 TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. 6 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... 8 MEDIA SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 9 TECHNICAL SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 12 1.1 Pea Agronomy ....................................................................................... 12 1.2 Australian snow pea production information. ....................................... 13 1.3 Pea Diseases .......................................................................................... 14 1.4 Fusarium oxysporum ............................................................................. 14 1.5 Fusarium wilt disease cycle. ................................................................. 17 1.6 Managing wilt diseases. ........................................................................ 18 1.7 Fusarium wilt of snow peas................................................................... 19 2. DISEASE SURVEY .............................................................................................. 20 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 20 2.2 Fusarium Wilt of Snow Pea .................................................................. 20 2.3 Disease Observations ............................................................................ 22 2.3.1 Queensland .................................................................................... 23 2.3.2 New South Wales .......................................................................... 26 2.3.4 Victoria .......................................................................................... 28 2.4 Isolation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi ........................................... 31 2.4.1 Sample Collection ......................................................................... 31 2.4.2 Isolation of Fusarium .................................................................... 31 2.4.3 Pathogen Population ..................................................................... 33 1 2.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 33 3. PATHOGENIC RACES OF THE SNOW PEA WILT PATHOGEN IN AUSTRALIAN GROWING REGIONS .............................................................................................. 34 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 34 3.2 Materials and Methods .......................................................................... 34 3.2.1 Isolate Selection ............................................................................ 34 3.2.2 Experimental Design ..................................................................... 35 3.2.3 Sowing .......................................................................................... 36 3.2.4 Preparation of Inoculum ................................................................ 36 3.2.5 Inoculation..................................................................................... 36 3.2.6 Disease Scoring ............................................................................. 36 3.3 Results ................................................................................................... 36 3.4 Discussion ............................................................................................. 39 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 41 4. POPULATION DIVERSITY AND GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURING OF THE SNOW PEA WILT PATHOGEN IN AUSTRALIA ......................................................................... 42 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 42 4.2 Materials and Methods .......................................................................... 42 4.2.1 DNA Extraction ............................................................................ 42 4.2.2 Rep-PCR and RAMS-PCR ........................................................... 43 4.2.3 PCR Analysis ................................................................................ 45 4.3 Results ................................................................................................... 45 4.4 Discussion ............................................................................................. 47 4.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 48 5. VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS WITHIN THE PATHOGEN POPULATION IN AUSTRALIA ....................................................................................................... 50 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 50 2 5.2 Materials and Methods .......................................................................... 50 5.2.1 Isolate Selection ............................................................................ 50 5.2.2 Generation of Nitrate Non-Utilizing Mutants ............................... 51 5.2.3 Pairing of Mutants ......................................................................... 53 5.2.4 Determining Vegetative Compatibility ......................................... 53 5.3 Results ................................................................................................... 54 5,4 Discussion ............................................................................................. 55 6. GROWER SURVEY AND CULTIVAR EVALUATION-QUEENSLAND ..................... 58 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 58 6.2 Materials and Methods .......................................................................... 58 6.2.1 Disease survey of growers in the Gympie and Bundaberg regions. ……………………………………………………………………58 6.2.2 Cultivar trials to assess current cultivars and their reaction to Fusarium Wilt. .............................................................................................. 58 6.3 Results ................................................................................................... 59 6.2.1 Disease survey of growers in the Gympie and Bundaberg regions. ……………………………………………………………………59 6.2.2 Cultivar trials to assess current cultivars and their reaction to Fusarium Wilt. .............................................................................................. 60 6.4 Discussion ............................................................................................. 61 7. GREENHOUSE TRIAL TO EXAMINE THE REACTION OF THE SNOW PEA CULTIVAR OREGON GIANT WITH DIFFERENT ISOLATES OF FUSARIUM WILT. ... 62 7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 62 7.2 Materials and Methods .......................................................................... 62 7.3 Results ................................................................................................... 62 7.4 Discussion ............................................................................................. 63 8. THE EFFECTS OF FUSARIUM WILT RACES ON DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF SNOW PEAS. ...................................................................................................................... 64 8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 64 3 8.2 Materials and Methods. ........................................................................
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