Die Wirbeltier-Fauna Aus Einer Bonebed

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Die Wirbeltier-Fauna Aus Einer Bonebed PHILIPPIA 11/2 S. 133-150 12 Abb. Kassel 2003 Cajus Diedrich Die Wirbeltier-Fauna aus einer Bonebed-Prospektionsgrabung in der enodis/posseckeri-Zone des Oberen Muschelkalkes (Unter-Ladin, Mitteltrias) von Lamerden (NW-Deutschland) Abstract Muschelkalkes (Unter-Ladin, Mitteltrias). Zäh- A diverse vertebrate fauna excavated syste- ne und seltene Flossenstacheln von fünf matically is described from the site Lamerden verschiedenen Selachiern, Zähne und Schup- (North Hesse) in northern Germany. The ma- pen verschiedener Teleosteer sowie Knochen terial was found in a bonebed of the enodis/ von Thalattosauriern und Sauropterygiern be- posseckeri-zone of the Obere Tonplatten of legen eine für den Oberen Muschelkalk typi- the Ceratitenschichten (mo2c2) in the Upper sche marine Wirbeltierfauna erstmals in der Muschelkalk (Lower Ladinian, Middle Trias- Hessischen Senke. Anhand von Zahnfunden sic). Teeth and rare fin spines of five different aus allen Kieferpositionen kann die Hetero- selachians, teeth and denticles of some teleo- dontie verschiedener Selachier diskutiert wer- steans, and bones of thalattosaurians, and den. Die Wirbeltiere waren im Oberen Mu- sauropterygians indicate a typical marine schelkalk von der Nordtethys über die vertebrate fauna in the Hessian depression for Oberschlesische Pforte, im gesamten Germa- the first time. The presence of teeth from diffe- nischen Becken. rent jaw positions allows the discussion of the heterodonty of selachians. All vertebrate spe- cies have been distributed in the Upper Mu- Inhalt schelkalk from the northern Tethys, the Upper 1. Einleitung ..................................................... 134 Silesia street in the whole Germanic Basin. 2. Geologie ....................................................... 134 3. Paläontologie ............................................... 137 3.1 Taphonomie ................................................. 137 Zusammenfassung 3.2 Systematik .................................................... 139 Eine durch systematische Ausgrabungen 3.2.1 Haie .............................................................. 139 gewonnene, diverse Wirbeltierfauna wird 3.2.2 Fische ........................................................... 141 aus Lamerden (Nordhessen) von Nordwest- 3.2.3 Reptilien ....................................................... 142 deutschland beschrieben. Die Funde stam- 4. Diskussion .................................................... 144 men aus einem Bonebed der enodis/posse- Danksagung ................................................. 148 ckeri-Zone im Bereich der oberen Tonplatten Literatur ........................................................ 148 der Ceratitenschichten (mo2c2) des Oberen 134 Cajus Diedrich 1. Einleitung Lamerden W e s e Einzelne Zähne, Schuppen oder Knochen aus r Göttingen el m W arburg ie dem Muschelkalk wurden aus Nordhessen D Hofgeismar Hanoversch- bisher nicht genauer beschrieben, jedoch eini- Münden Brilon ge Zähne und Knochen erwähnt und abge- W e r Bad Arolsen ra bildet (NAUMANN 1998). Umfangreiche Auf- Kassel sammlungen oder systematische Grabungen fehlten. W interberg Im Rahmen von Forschungsarbeiten über Saurierfährten und Saurierreste im Muschel- Frankenfeld kalk des Germanischen Beckens (vgl. DIED- Homberg RICH 1996, 1998, 2002a-b, 2003) wurden bei Prospektionen erste Knochen und Zähne in Abb. 1: Geographische Lage der Bonebed-Fundstelle in drei Bonebeds in Lamerden (Abb. 1) entdeckt, Lamerden nordwestlich von Kassel (Nordhessen). von denen lediglich eines sehr fundträchtig (Grafik: PALEOLOGIC 2003). erschien. Um diesen Horizont genauer auf seine Wirbel- mit Kunstharzlacken getränkt, systematisch tier-Fossilführung hin zu überprüfen, wurde bestimmt, magazinfertig aufbereitet und ein zusammen mit dem Naturkundemuseum Kas- Grabungsbericht zusammen mit dem gesam- sel und dem Amt für paläontologische Boden- ten Fundus dem Naturkundemuseum Kassel denkmalpflege in Wiesbaden unter der Koor- unter den Sammlungsnummern (LAM-1 bis dination der PaleoLogic eine systematische 735) übergeben. Ausgrabung organisiert und durchgeführt (Abb. 2). Systematische Bonebed-Grabungen im Muschelkalk, insbesondere mit Befund- 2. Geologie dokumentationen wurden noch nicht durchge- Im Steinbruch Lamerden stehen die Schichten führt. Nach einer zweiwöchigen Grabungs- des obersten Mittleren Muschelkalkes und ge- kampagne konnten sehr erfolgreich etliche samten Oberen Muschelkalkes (vgl. Muschel- hundert Funde auf einer Fläche von ca. 50 qm kalk-Stratigraphie in BACHMANN et al. 1999) freilegt und vier qm davon für statistische Aus- bis zum basalen Keuper als ca. 70 m mächtige wertungen exemplarisch genau dokumentiert karbonatische Sedimentfolge an, die im Rah- werden. Auch wurde ein Kilogramm des Bone- men der Grabungsdokumentation in einem beds für weitere Schlämmarbeiten entnom- feinstratigraphischen Profil aufgenommen men. wurde (Abb. 3). Die Grabung im Bonebed war durch die geolo- Folgende Gliederung wurde im Steinbruch in gische Situation und die Erhaltung der Kno- Lamerden lithologisch und an den häufigen chen- und Zahnsubstanzen erschwert. Direkt Ceratiten (vgl. ROSE 1986) durchgeführt, die auf dem Bonebed lagern Schillrinnen auf, die hier nur kurz mit neuen aus der Steinbruch- auf das Bonebed aufgepresst wurden. In der wand horizontiert geborgenen Ceratiten wie- Regel konnten Funde aus der wenige Millime- dergegeben wird. ter dünnen Bonebed-Schicht nur mit einer Härtung durch Sekundenkleber entnommen Das Profil beginnt mit dem obersten Mittleren oder später auch isoliert werden. Muschelkalk, in dem sich der Fährtenhorizont 21 (vgl. DIEDRICH 2002) in Biolaminiten wie- Das Knochen- und Zahnmaterial sowie neue derfindet. Er steht auch im benachbarten Auf- wichtige horizontiert gesammelte Ceratiten schluss des Gipsbergwerkes bei Lamerden aus dem Steinbruch bei Lamerden, Nordhes- oberhalb des Stollenmundloches an (vgl. sen wurden durch die PaleoLogic präpariert, DIEDRICH 2003). Die Wirbeltier-Fauna aus einer Bonebed-Prospektionsgrabung 135 a b cd Abb. 2: Grabung im Bonebed von Lamerden. a: Blick nach Nordosten auf den kartierten Grabungsausschnitt und in den Kalksteinbruch; b: Grabungsfläche mit freigelegtem Bonebed im Bereich der enodis/posseckeri-Zone des Oberen Muschelkalkes (4 qm siehe Zeichnung Abb. 4); c: Knochen-Bruchstück (Bildzentrum) eines Sauropterygiers neben Thalassinoides-Gängen; d: Präparierte Koprolithen, Knochen und Zähne aus dem Bonebed (der größte Knochen misst 8 cm Länge). (Fotos: PALEOLOGIC 2003). Die Basis des Oberen Muschelkalkes ist mit Die Oberen Ceratitenschichten beginnen mit den dolomitisch ausgebildeten Gelben Basis- Tonplatten gefolgt von Bänken einer Oolith schichten (mo1 GB) aufgeschlossen. Die Gel- und Trochitenkalk-Fazies (früher auch als ben Basisschichten werden gefolgt von dem Oberer Trochitenkalk bezeichnet), die zum Haupt-Trochitenkalk (mo1HT). Im unteren Be- Becken hin als Tonplattenserien ausgebildet reich ist eine markante und gesteinsbildende sind. In den Tonplatten fanden sich Crinoiden- Schicht mit der Brachiopode Coenothyris rinnen mit Encrinus liliiformis Lamarck vulgaris ausgebildet (= Terebratel-Horizont 1). (WEISSMÜLLER 1998). Es folgen Mergel mit Die harten Trochitenkalke führen neben Scha- Kalkbänken oder Kalkgeoden-Lagen. Einige lendetritus einige Dezimeter mächtige Bänke sind als Sturmschille ausgebildet. Im gesam- mit massenhaften Resten der namengeben- ten Bereich finden sich Ceratiten, mit denen den Seelilien Encrinus liliiformis. Die massi- eine erste grobe Gliederung der Ceratiten- ven Oolith-Bänke dominieren im Abschnitt des Biozonen erfolgen kann. Haupt-Trochitenkalkes. Es sind harte Dezime- ter mächtige blaugraue dicke Bänke, die Bio- Der Terebratelkalk (mo2TK) ist in den unteren klastengrus führen. Bereich der Oberen Ceratitenschichten als sehr dünne Lage eingeschaltet (= Terebratel- 136 Cajus Diedrich Ceratiten- Member/ Bathymetrie Lithologie Biozone Sequenz Unterer m KEUPER 0 7 DIEDRICH 2003 Flaches Subtidal (0 -1 m) nodosus Albertii-Bank praenodosus sublaevigatus Flaches Subtital 0 6 cycloides-Bank (1-5 m ) enodis/ posseckeri Schellroda-Bank Bonebed Großenberg-Bank Subtital penndorfi (5-10 m ) mo2C2 0 5 postspinosus Legende Bioklastische Kalke Ooidische Kalke Kristalline Kalke R Kalkbänke mit Mergel E Tiefes Subtidal R Mergel mit Kalkbänken (5-30 m) E B E Mergel mit Kalkgeodenlagen K 0 O spinosus 4 N L Mergel (Biolaminite) E A C Mergel (grau) K O L Dolomitische Siltsteine (gelblich) G E I Mergel (grau-gelblich) L H evolutus-Bonebed O C Tonstein (dunkelgrau) evolutus S Subtital Tonstein (braun) U (5-10 m ) mo2TK Terebratel-Horizont M Siltstein (hellbraun) compressus mo2C2 0 3 Ceratitenschichten in Trochitenkalk-Fazies robustus mo2CT pulcher mo2C1 atavus mo1HT 0 Flaches Subtital 2 (1-5 m ) Terebratel-Horizont mo1GB 0 1 Sabkha (0-1 m ) R E R E mm 4 L T T I Fährten-Horizont 21 Karbonatwatt (0 m) M 0 Die Wirbeltier-Fauna aus einer Bonebed-Prospektionsgrabung 137 Horizont 2). Es handelt sich um eine ca. 10 cm eine genaue Abgrenzung mit der Bremerberg- mächtige Bank, die den meist artikulierten Bank zum Keuper. Hingegen zeigt das Aus- Brachiopoden Coenothyris vulgaris als Schill bleiben der Ceratiten und die Sedimentologie angereichert führt. in den obersten Schichten deutlich eine Beckenrandlage an. Auch in der Albertii-Bank Wie auch nördlich im Weserbergland finden finden sich einige Wirbeltierreste, vornehmlich sich als markante Leitbänke die Großenberg- wenige Fischzähne und -schuppen. Bank und vermutlich noch die Albertii-Bank. Die ostracina-Bank, Rostige Bank,
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