Vertebrate Track Bed Stratigraphy of the Rot and Basal Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian) of Winterswijk (East Netherlands)

Home , Bed (geology), Bunter (geology), Colobodus

Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80 (2): 31-39 (2001)

Vertebrate track bed stratigraphy of the Rot and basal Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian) of Winterswijk (East Netherlands)

C. Diedrich1 1 Steinfurter Str. 128, D-48149 Miinster, Germany; email: [email protected], website: http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1654. ~*k ir

Received: 28 June 2000; Accepted in revised form 18 March 2001 I ^1 G

Abstract

The 35.5 m thick Anisian section of theWinterswijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve (Eastern Netherlands) comprises the Upper Rot (Upper Rot Claystone Member) to the basal Lower Muschelkalk (Oolith Member). In the section 15 terrestrial or marine in fluenced parasequences are recognized. A fourth order sequence shows the increasing marine influence. New marker beds, ten vertebrate track beds, three bone beds and cephalopod remains have been documented. This enabled correlation to other sections in NW Germany. The tracks found in the Winterswijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve at the boundary Rot/Lower Muschel kalk are linked to the oldest known vertebrate skeleton remains of the Germanic Basin. It is the first time that the exact stratigraphic position of these vertebrate remains has been established. In the terrestrial influenced section of the Winterswijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve, the well preserved vertebrate track ways and vertebrate fauna will be of international importance and will provide new data of theTriassic carbonate tidal flat megatracksite concept and reptiles living in this environment.

Key words: Anisian, Germanic Basin, lithostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, track bed stratigraphy, and megatrack sites.

Introduction Lower Muschelkalk (e.g. Bachmann 1998) of the Germanic Basin into Members. The first stratigraphic descriptions of the Winters In 1973 the section was exposed down to the Dolo wijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve section (Gauss-Kriiger mite III ("Dolomite limestone VI" after Harsveldt, coordinates: R 2252,60 H 5758,60) (Fig. 1) can be 1973, Fig. 2). Harsveldt (1973) recognized six found in Harsveldt (1963, 1973) and Oosterink dolomitic horizons with coelestin and calcite concre (1986). tions (Dolomitic limestone I-VI, Fig. 2), which he de In a palynological study, Visscher & Commissaris scribed as marker beds. The classification of the (1968) demonstrated the presence of Upper Bunter dolomitic beds of Harsveldt, 1973 is top-down, and Lower Muschelkalk assemblages in rocks of the whereas the new numbering in the new section is in older quarries. De Boorder et al. (1985) described the normal stratigraphical order (Fig. 2). Harsveldt iron, lead and zinc mineralizations in the rocks from (1973) distinguished five lithological units: the Upper that area and Oosterink (1986) identified some verte Bunter, the Lower Wellenkalk, the Upper Wellenkalk, brate track beds and one bone bed in his section. Re the Clayey Marl and the Calcareous Marl (Fig. 2). cently, the stratigraphy of this section has been updat Vertebrate track beds found in the Osnabriicker ed (Diedrich & Oosterink, 2000) using the interna Bergland,TeutoburgerWald and North Hessia (all lo tional or German subdivision of the Middle Triassic cated in Northern Germany) have provided essential

Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80(2) 2001 31

Fig. 1. Location of the studied section in the new quarry of the Winterswijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve near Win terswijk and palaeogeography showing current vertebrate track sites of the Lower to Middle Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of North West Germany.

data for correlating sections within the western Ger seismites represent marine subtidal conditions. manic Basin (Diedrich 2000b, 2001a). They have fur The high-resolution stratigraphy of track beds in thermore been helpful in subdividing the Muschelka many Triassic sections from different locations will lk of Winterswijk by means of lithology, track beds, yield further information about the megatracksite sedimentary cycles and biostratigraphy of macrofos- concept. These megatracksites will give information sils (e.g. cephalopods). A new project to correlate the on the distribution of carbonate tidal flats in time and Lower Muschelkalk, applying various stratigraphic space in die future. disciplines in die entire Germanic Basin, is still in Finally the new stratigraphic subdivision of the progress. Recently subdivisions have been introduced Winterswijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve section is impor based on track beds (Diedrich, 2000b), tsunamites or tant for the exact position of die skeleton remains seismites (Knaust, 1998b) and palynomorphs (Gotz found the last years. In the basal bone bed the most & Feist-Burkhardt, 1998). Track beds were formed in ancient skeletons of the Germanic Triassic reptiles an intertidal terrestrial influenced facies, whereas were found. These fossils will yield very important

32 Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80(2) 2001

^ Track Bed X

^TrackBedlX —chanei

\\\U Track Bed VIII • —Black Clay Bed IV

Black Clay Bed III Legend High stand systems tract

mfa Maximum flooding surface Transgressive 1ST systems tract vertebrate tracks vertebrate bones o 6. buchii N. orbicularis ^ mud crack • — ore layer ~~~ riPPle mark (after HARSVELDT 1973) r£^ bonebed

nodular limestone J dolomite

] flasery marl Basalkonglomerat Bed III JUS mud crack marl

imj grey laminate

1 greenish marl 1 dark grey marl

[ ] grey marl $i) Track Bed VII I red marl

Basalkonglomerat Bed II I violet marl \$U Track Bed VI | o I coelestin/calcite

D pyrite

0 galenite | j//Track Bed V '' Basalkonglomerat Bed I *" "" '^^^^j/f^0"^~

X\V Track Bed IV Sauropterygian skeletons

I^TrackBedl

Black Clay Bed II

• ^ Track Bed ll_B|ack C|ay Bed I -1 \W Track Bed I DIEDRICH 2001

Fig. 2. Complete section of the Lower to basal Middle Muschelkalk in the new quarry of theWinterswijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve.

Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80(2) 2001

In the Netherlands the Rot Formation is divided into Mud-cracked laminates overlay the dolomites. Clear four Members, the Main R6t Evaporite, the Interme visible are the dark coloured Black Clay Bed 1(10 cm) diate Rot Claystone, the Upper Rot Evaporite and and dark grey Black Clay Bed II (20 cm). Both con Upper Rot Claystone Member (cf. Van Adrichem tain pyrite. Red marls (1.8 m) and grey mud-cracked Boogaert & Kouwe, 1994; Geluk & Rohling, 1998). laminates (1.85 m) form the top of this member. In Germany the subdivision differs slightly. The Sali- The first vertebrate track beds of Rhynchosauroides narrot Formation consists of the Members Unteres peabodyi (Faber) and Procolophonichnium haarmuehlen- Rotsalinar, Rotsalinar-Zwischenschichten and Oberes sis (Hoist, Smith & Veenstra) were found below Rotsalinar. The Pelitrot Formation is divided into the Dolomite I (Track Bed I) and a second bed above Rotbraune Serie and the Grauviolette Serie. Dolomite I in laminate beds (Track Bed II). A third The Lower Muschelkalk Formation (Jena Forma track bed appears 2.6 m above the Dolomite I in grey- tion after Bachmann, 1998; or Lower Muschelkalk greenish, mud-cracked laminates (Track Bed III). Member after Van Adrichem Boogaert & Kouwe, 1994) in the marine facies of the Germanic Basin Lower Muschelkalk Formation consists of 90-150 m carbonates. It is subdivided into the Basalkonglomerat Member (muK), Lower Wel- In the Netherlands, the complete Lower Muschelkalk lenkalk Member (muWl), Oolith Member (muOo), Formation (or Member cf. Van Adrichem Boogaert & Middle Wellenkalk Member (muW2), Terebratula Kouwe, 1994) consists of a 100-121 m thick succes Member (muT), Upper Wellenkalk Member (muW3) sion of yellowish dolomites, greyish limestones, grey and Schaumkalk Member (muS) (see e. g. Schulz, marls and dark grey claystones (Van Adrichem 1972, Langer, 1989, Rosenfeld & Thiele, 1992, and Boogaert & Kouwe, 1994; Geluk, 1998, NITG-TNO, Knaust 1998a). This subdivision has been established 1998). In the Winterswijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve this in the marine influenced basin centre. In a condensed unit has a thickness of 31.3 m and consists of the marginal facies, the lithostratigraphic subdivision dif Basalkonglomerat Member, the Lower Wellenkalk fers due to the presence of siliciclastic littoral de Member and the Oolith Member (Fig. 2). posits. In the Netherlands, the Lower Muschelkalk has not been further subdivided but in the Winter- Basalconglomerate Member swijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve we could recognize the The base of the Basalconglomerate Member is formed German subdivison. Hence, that classification has by the Lower Basalconglomerate Bed. This 4.3 m been applied here. thick unit consists of grey bioturbated marl, and con In the Winterswijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve section tains a very important bone bed. Between the Lower the Upper Rot Claystone Member (or Pelitrot Mem and Upper Basalkonglomerat Bed laminates, red-vio ber) and the basal part of the Lower Muschelkalk let and grey marls are present. Ripple and oscillation Formation (Basalkonglomerat to Oolith Members) sediment surface marks are significant in some hori are present with a total thickness of 35.5 m and can zons. In the upper part (Track Bed VI and VII), the be described as follows: mud-crack polygons are very small (diameter of 20 cm) in contrast to Track Bed IV and V. Here, large Rot Formation polygons of 50 cm in diameter are typical. The Upper Basalconglomerate Bed consists of two dolomite beds, The total thickness of the Rot Formation, can be ob the Dolomite V (60 cm) and VI (80 cm) ("Dolomitic tained from the published logs of Winterswijk-1 limestone IV and V" after Harsveldt, 1973, Fig. 2), in (NITG-TNO, 1998). Only 8.2 m of the top of the which 30 cm grey marl is intercalated.

34 Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80(2) 2001

proximal distal terrestrial influenced marine influenced Eustasy Lithology Eustasy Lithology + •• , WttiWMdi&M 1 >!// i ^ i • j <=> <=> o nwjuMwigucgHfftan • - " --"-"— • --;.:i: z 1 ^ ? 111111111111 M B Fig. 3. Parasequence types in the section ofWinterswijk. A. terrestrial influenced parasequence, B. marine influenced parasequence.

Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80(2) 2001 35

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.58, on 02 Oct 2021 at 07:41:15, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016774600022290 bated grey marl. It finally ends in a bone bed. Red Discussion marls form the top of the fining-upward parasequence. Another marine influenced type of a coarsen- The terrestrial influenced section (35,5 m) as ex ing-up parasequence (Fig. 3B) starts with dark grey posed in the Winterswijkse Steen- en Kalkgroeve pyritic marls. Mud-cracked laminates with ripple (East Netherlands) comprises the uppermost Upper marks lay on top of it. The sediments change to Rot to basal Lower Muschelkalk. This lithology dif dolomites, and are finally covered by zinc enriched fers from contemporaneous sections in the Os- bone beds (Fig. 3B). The bone bed is the base of a nabrucker Bergland (Langer, 1989), the Teutoburger fining-upward parasequence. Wald (Rosenfeld &Thiele, 1992) and in Lower Sax A higher category sequence (fourth order) is pre ony (Schulz, 1972). At those locations, a more marine sent in the section (Fig. 2, sequence I). It ranges from section of 90-120 m carbonates is present (c.f. Fig. the top of the Rot to the Oolith Member. At the base 4). In the Eastern Germanic Basin the Lower the terrestrial influenced parasequence shows the first Muschelkalk attains thicknesses up to 150 m in the marine influence with the periodically occurring of basin centre near Riidersdorf (Zwenger, 1992). intertidal laminates. The high stand systems tract is There are some important marker beds in the Win represented by the shell-rich beds (Dolomite VII-IX) terswijk section. According to Diedrich (2001c), a and the marine fauna, especially by the cephalopod dark-coloured marker clay bed in the Upper Rot Clay- B. buchi in the upper part. stone Member of Winterswijk can be correlated with a bed in the Balsalkonglomerat Member in a condensed Biostratigraphy section in Geilsdorf (South Thuringia, Southeast Ger many). A channel deposit such as the one in the Oolith Cephalopods such as Beneckeia buchi (Alberti) are im Member in Winterswijk was mentioned from a section portant fossils for biostratigraphic correlation of the at Wichlinghausen (Teutoburger Wald, North West Winterswijk section with the reference section in Germany, c.f. Fig. 4), that eroded into the Graue Zwis- Northwest Germany (Fig. 4). However, these fossils chenmittel (Oolith Member). In Wichlinghausen red- are very rare in Winterswijk and they are only present violet 50 cm thick laminated mud-cracked and track between dolomite Bed VII and IX, due to the margin bearing marls appear as channel deposits (Diedrich, al marine depositional setting. Oosterink (1986) pic 1998b). Its lateral distribution amounts to several kilo tured one small cephalopd found in the upper metres. The latest red marls of the Lower to Middle dolomitic part of the Muschelkalk section and col Muschelkalk intercalate into the orbicularis Member lected six specimens of B. buchi between Dolomite VII and are typical of the lowermost Middle Muschelkalk toIX(=muW1). in the western Germanic Basin (Lotze, 1933). The frequent occurrence of Neoschizodus orbicularis A higher category of high frequency sequence (Bronn) in the Oolith Member (Fig. 2), was originally (fourth order, Aigner & Bachmann, 1991) is visible thought to be typical for the Middle Muschelkalk (or and correlates with the interpretation for the Ger bicularis Member). At present it is assumed that the manic sections (cf. Knaust, 1998a).The transgressive presence of this lammelibranch is only controlled by systems tract starts at the top of the Upper Rot. The facies (restrictive hyper saline conditions) and there occurrence of red marls and track beds in the lower fore is not useful for biostratigraphic correlations. part of the section (so4) witness a terrestrial environ There are three bone beds present in Winterswijk ment with a first marine influence in the lower part of (Fig. 2) containing isolated bones and skeletons. The the Winterswijk section. The intercalating mud- first and most important is Bone bed I (Lower cracked laminates are typical of the intertidal, mar Basalkonglomerat Bed) in the Basalkonglomerat ginal marine facies of the carbonate tidal flat. The ris Member. Diverse reptile- and ichthyofaunas are de ing marine influence in the Basalkonglomerat Mem scribed from the Winterswijk quarry (Demathieu & ber to Lower Wellenkalk Member is shown by the in Oosterink, 1983, 1988; Oosterink, 1986, 1988). crease of dolomites and the occurrence of marine in There are still some unidentified sauropterygian vertebrates of the subtidal realm such as lamelli- skeletons present that are not yet described. A study branchs and the cephalopod B. buchi. The maximum of recent findings will be done in future. The bones of flooding surface of the Lower Muschelkalk located in a second bone bed in the Lower Wellenkalk Member the Terebratula Member (cf. Knaust, 1998a) is not (muWl) have not yet been described. A third bone present in the Winterswijk section. bed is situated at the base of the Oolith Member (Fig. In marine deposits (e. g. in Borgholzhausen and 2) and its presence and contents have also not been Wichlinghausen) B. buchi is frequently present in the communicated earlier. Basalkonglomerat beds and in the Lower Wellenkalk

36 Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80(2) 2001

— O ^ Track Bed X Upper Oolithic Bed •g*p,x,-«- P iii Track Bed IX ^^ *< m Track Bed VIII * O *» Track Bed IV Legend Lower Oolithic Bed $M vertebrate tracks

— o a) Track Bed III Q B. buchii Q mud crack |Srgg| bioclastic limestone Scheibengroll Bed LU *0(» Track Bed bioturbate marl nodular limestone dolomite

flasery marl Upper Basiskonglomerat Bed mud crack marl

grey laminate -*• o

* o ^ Track Bed V grey marl

red marl ^ol^Track Bed IV Lower Basiskonglomerat Bed Grenzdolomit violet marl

-*• o i» Track Bed — O D> Track Bed I coelestin/calcite — o i» Track Bed II *o gj> Track Bed I proximal distal terrestrial marine influenced influenced

Fig. 4. Correlation of theWinterswijk section of East Netherlands to a generalized section of the uppermost Upper R6t Claystone Member to the Oolith Member and occurrence of track beds and megatracksites.

Member, mostly concentrated in shell beds (Fig. 4). 2000b, c). Various sedimentary structures in these Palynological research by means of pollen and beds such as mud cracks and ripple marks point to in- spores, has also pointed to a terrestrial influence on tertidal conditions (Schwarz, 1975).This was also in the Winterswijk section (Visscher & Commissaris, ferred for the Winterswijk Muschelkalk (De Boorder 1968). They also have disclosed an Upper Bunter et al.j 1985) and many track sites in the Osnabriicker (Rot) palynological assemblage, although the samples Bergland andTeutoburgerWald (Diedrich, 2000b). A must have been taken from the upper part of the new subdivision of the Winterswijk section is possible Muschelkalk section, but no clear stratigraphic data as a result of vertebrate track beds, which often form of the samples were given. According to their descrip megatrack sites in Middle Triassic carbonate tidal tions, the spores came from the dolomites in the Low flats (Diedrich, 1998b, 2000b). Vertebrate tracks are er Wellenkalk Member (muWl). The assemblages becoming more and more important for regional cor show that the terrestrial conditions prevailed from the relation and facies interpretation in the Lower Rot to the Lower Wellenkalk Member. Muschelkalk (Diedrich, 1997, 1998a, b, c, 1999, Many vertebrate track beds contain much informa 2000a, b, c), especially if other biostratigraphic infor tion on stratigraphy, palaeogeography and sedimenta mation is lacking or scarce such as in Winterswijk. ry facies. Especially tracks of R. peabodyi and P. haar- Here, vertebrate tracks are present in ten beds in the muehlensis are typical for the marginal carbonate tidal Upper Rot to the basal Lower Muschelkalk. The old flat and sabkha surrounding of the old massifs like the est known vertebrate tracks are in greenish mud- Rhenish Massif or the Vindelizic Massif (Diedrich, cracked marls below and on top of Dolomite I. Below

Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80(2) 2001 37

2000b) are isochronous, forming a second mega Aigner, T. & Bachmann, G.H., 1991. Sequence stratigraphy of the tracksite. The tracks at these localities occur between German Muschelkalk. In: Hagdorn, H. & Seilacher, A., (eds): the Lower and Upper Oolith Bed. Of importance are Muschelkalk. Schontaler Symposium 1991: 15-18. tracks in the red-violet marls of the channel deposits Bachmann, G.H., 1998. The Germanic Triassic: General. found in Wichlinghausen (Diedrich, 1998b). At the Hallesches Jahrbuch fur Geowissenschaften B 6: 19-22. moment there is no proof of tracks in the channel de De Boorder, H., Lutgert, J.E. & Nijman, W., 1985. The Muschel kalk and its lead-zinc mineralization in the eastern Netherlands. posits ofWinterswijk. Geologie en Mijnbouw 64: 311-326. Demathieu, G. & Oosterink, H.W., 1983. Die Wirbeltier-Ichnofau- There are more track beds in the Upper Rot and na aus dem Unteren Muschelkalk von Winterswijk (Die Reptil- basal Lower Muschelkalk in Winterswijk than in the fahrten aus der Mitteltrias der Niederlande). Staringia 7: 1-51. Osnabriicker Bergland (Diedrich, 2000b). In Winter Demathieu, G. & Oosterink, H.W., 1988. New discoveries of ich- swijk seven track beds have been found between the nofossils from the Middle Triassic ofWinterswijk (the Nether Grenzdolomite and the Oolith Member while the lands). Geologie en Mijnbouw 67 (1): 3-17. well-studied area of the Osnabriicker Bergland com Diedrich, C, 1997. Erste Ausgrabungsergebnisse einer neuen Wirbeltierfahrtenfundstelle aus der Oolith-Zone (Bithyn, Un- prises not more than four track beds. They are found terer Muschelkalk) von Borgholzhausen (Teutoburger Wald, in the interval reaching from the Grenzdolomite to NW-Deutschland).Terra Nostra 97 (7): 42-138. the muWIB-top, the muWIC-top and the Graue Diedrich, C., 1998a. Vertebrate tracks of the Oolith-Zone Zwischenmittel and in between the Oolithic beds (Bithyn, Lower Muschelkalk) from the middle Teutoburger (Fig. 3, Diedrich, 2000b). The high number of track Wald (NW Germany) and their stratigraphic and palaeogeo- graphical significance. In: Bachmann, G.H. et al. (eds):Triassic beds in Winterswijk is another proof of the terrestrial Epicontinental Symposium, Halle/Saale, Hallesches Jahrbuch influenced, marginal marine facies. fur Geowissenschaften B Geologie Palaontologie und Mine- In addition to isolated reptile bone remains, the ralogie Beiheft (Halle/Saale) 5: 36-37.

38 Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80(2) 2001

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