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GIPE-002609-Contents.Pdf (816.6Kb) J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J -- J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J · phaoaojayarao Gadgil Library III~IIIIIIII~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~IIII . GIPE-PUNE-002609 tHE. STORY OF.. THE NAnON~ EDmON tlCbe ~tot1? of tbe Jaatiolls TURKEY THE STORY OF THE NATIONS 1. ROME.. By ARTHUR GILMAX, 29. THE NORMANS. By SARAH M.A. ORNE JEWETT. 2. THE JEWS. By Prof. J. K. 30. THE BTZAlfTlNB EMPIRE. HOSMER. By C. W. C. OMAN. 3. GllRMAllY. ByRev.S. BARIN". 3'. SICILY: Phcenlc1an, Greok and GOULD, M.A. Roman. By.be la.e Prof. E. 4- CARTHAGE. By J>rof. ALFRED A. FREEMAN. J. CHURCH. J2. THE TUSCAN REPUBLICS. 5. ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. By By BELLA lJUFFY. Prof. J. P. MAHAFFY. 33- POLAND. By W. R. 1II0RFILL, 6. THE MOORS IN SPAIN. By III.A. STANLEY LANE-POOLE. 34· PARTHlA. By Prof. GSORGE 7. ANCIENT EGYPT. By Prof. -RAWLINSON. GEORGE RAWLINSON. 35. AUSTRALIAN COMMON- 8. HUNGARY. By Prof. ARMIN IUS WEALTH. By GREVILLE VAMBERV. TREGARTHEH. 9. THE SARACENS. By ARTHUR 36. SPAIN. By H. E. WATTS. GILMAN,M.A.. 3..'. JAPAH. By DAVID MURRAY, 10. IRELAND. By the Hon. EMILY Ph.D. LAWLESS. 38. SOUTH AFRICA. By GEORGE 11. CHALDEA. By ZENA;DE A. M. THEAL. RAGOZIN'. 39. VENICE. By ALETHEA W,EL. 12. TEE GOTHS. By HENRY BRAD. 40. THE CRUSADES. By T. A. LEY. ARCHER and C. L. KINGSFORD. IJ. ASSYRIA. By ZEN AiDE A. 4'. VEDIC INDIA. By Z. A. RA. RAGOZIN. GOZIN. '4- 'l'URKEY. By STANLEY LANE. 4'. WESTINDIESand the SPANISH POOLE. J4A1N. Hy JAMES RODWAY. '5. BOLLAlfD. By Prof. J. E. 43. BOHEMIA. By C. E"'IUND THOROI.D ROGERS. ltlAVRICE. ,6. MEDIEVAL FRANCE. By H. THE BALKANS. By W.IIIILLER, GUSTAVE :t..IASSON. 1Il.A. '7. PERSIA. By S. G. W. BE'" 45. CANADA. By Sir J. G. BoURl. JAMIN. NOT, LL.D. 18. PH<EJilGIA. By Prof. GEO. 46. BRITISH INDIA. By R. W. RAWLINSON. 1)' FRAZER, LL. n. 19- MEDIA. B.v ZENAr"E A. RA· 47. MODERN FRANCE. By AMORt. COZIN. Ls BON. 20. THE HANSA TOWNS. By 48. THB FRANKS. By LEWIS SER. HELEN ZIMMERN'. GEANT. 21. EARLY BRITAIN. By Prof. 49- AUSTRIA. By SIDNEY WIIIT. ALFRED J. CHURCH. fllAN 22. THE BARBARY CORSAIRS. 50. MODERIt ENGLAND. Before By STANLEY LANE-POOLE. the Rc'"orm bill By Jl:STIH 'J. RUSSIA. ByW.llloRFILL,III.A. MCCAKTHY. 24. THE JEWS UNDER THE 5'. CHINA. ByProf.R. K.DOUGLAs. ROMANS. By W. D. MaR .. ' 52. MODERN ENGLAND. From th. SON. Reform Bill to the )"resent 25. SCOTLAND. By JOHN MACKIN. Time. By jVSTU' MCCARTHY. TOSH, LL.D. 53. MODERN SPAIN. By MARTIN :z6. SWITZERLAND. By Mrs. LINA A. S. HUME. HUG and R. STEAD. 54- MODERN ITALY. By P,ETRO 27. MEXICO. By SUSAN HALE. ORSI. 28. PORTUGAL. By H. MORSE 55- NORWAY. ByH. H. BOYESEH. STEPHENS. 50. WALES. By 0.111. EDWARDS. Lo~mON: T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C. SlEG& OF CONSTAN'flNOPLE. TURKEY BY STANLEY LANE-POOLE ASSISTED BY E. J. W. GIBB AND ARTH UR GILMAN FIFTH IMPRESSION LONDON T. FISHER UNWIN PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C. Entered at Stationers' Hall By T. FISHER UNWIN. PREFACE. THE history of Turkey has yet to be written. The standard authority is Von Hammer's Geschichte de.­ Osmallisclze1l Reiches, of which there is a French trans­ lation, and from which many books have been com- . piled in many languages. In English, Von Hammer found an able condenser in Sir Edward Creasy, whose History of the 01/0111fl1l T"rks is the best concise work we possess on the subject V on Hammer, however, is not always accurate, despite his laborious. research, and he is generaIIy duII. A Turkish sch~lar, possessed of a sense of literary form, who would take the Aus­ trian's facts, coIIate them with the native annalists and historiographers, and present them with all the advan­ tages of skilful arrangement and charm of style, would render a real service to historical literature. The present volume, however, makes no pretensions to fill the gap. All that is here attempted is to draw the main outlines of Turkish history in bold strokes, and thus try to leave a connected impression on the reader's mind. In so smaII a compass it is impossible to be detailed. Those who desire more than can here be vii viii PREFACE. given should turn to Sir E. Creasy, or to the Vte. A de la Jonqui~e's Histoire de l'Empire OttomalZ, in Duruy's series; and thence, if still ambitious, to Von Hammer. In ~,~ese pages clearness and brevity have been the main considerations; and, while striving to escape the charge of prolixity, I have carefully avoided t~ sin of moralizing. Many in­ structive morals have been drawn from the past and present state of Turkey; but these appear to depend so much for their point ami-'application upon the political bias of the writer thai, on the whole, they are best omitted. We have all heard about the" sick Plan" and the" armed camp :"'·but, if we are Con­ servatives, we palliate the cI1sease, and call the encamp­ ment an innocent review; if we are R~dicals, we send for the undertaker for the one, and calf for the expul­ sion of the other, that it may no longer menace the peace of Europe. Between t~ese extremes, the reader may take his choice. The na.val history of Turkey, a subject of peculiar interest, has teen barely touched upon here, because it is so c10sdy interwoven with the exploits of the Barbary buccaneers, that it will be IT. ore satisfactorily traced in the St01Y of lIte Corsairs, which I am writing for the same series: Another subject which has been omitted is the history of Egypt under Turkish rule: for this belongs to the special volume on Modern Egypt, which is in preparation. lowe special thanks to Mr. E. J.W. Gibb, not only for the chapters on .. Ottoman Literature," II Stambol," and" Ottoman Administration," for which he is almost entirely responsible, but also for many suggestions and PREFACE. additions in other parts of the book, the whole of which has had the advantage of his revision. Mr. Gilman has also contributed to a part of the subject which was less familiar to Mr. Gibb and myself i and I am indebted for valuable assistance to Mr. H. H· Howorth, M.P., and to Mr. W. R. Morfill, whose advice has been followed in the systematic spelling of Russian names. STANLEY LANE-POOLE. BIRLlNG, SUSSEX, J-_.y 17. 1888. CONTENTS. I. 'AlO. fHE KTNG'S FRONT. 1250-1320 1-24 The thirteenth century an epoch in European history, I-and in Asia, z-The Mongols,2-The Turks, 4-The Seljiiks, S -The Mongols again, 6-The distribution of the Turks, 6- Seljiiks of Iconium, 8-Battle of Angora, 8-Establishment of Ertoghrul and the Turks, 9-Sultanoni, lo-Birth of Olh· man 13-His dream, '4, and marriage, IS-Extension of the tittoman dominion, I6-War with the Eastern Empire. 19 -Conquest of Brusa, 23-Death of Othman, 23. It. ACROSS .. THE HELT.ESPONT. 1326-1380 Orkhan, 2s-Conquest or Nicomedia, Nicaea, and Pergamon, 2s-0rganization of the state and army, 26-The Janissaries, 27- Sipahis, 31-Causes of the success of the Ottomans, 32- Relations with the Eastern Empire, 33-The Turks land in Europe, 34-Capture of Gallipoli, 34-Murad I., 3S-The Slavs, 36-War with Hungarians, Serbians, &c., 36-Battle of the Maritza, 36 -Advance of the Ottoman dominion in Europe, 39-.nd in Asia, 40. III. Kf)SOVO AND NicOPOLls. 1380-1402 42-59 War with the Serbians, &c., 42-Battle 01 Kosovo. 43- xl xii CONTENTS. 'ACiI Assassination of LViuriia I., 4s-Biiyezid I., 4o-Despina, 49 -Subjugation of Serbia and Wallachia, 49, So-Crusade against the Turks, 51-Battle of Nicopolis, 55-Massacre of prisoners, 57. IV. TIMOR THE TARTAR. 60-73 Biiyezid's power, 6o-Timiir, 63-Siegeof Slwiis, 6S-Second battle of Angora, 66-Captiv ;ty and death of Bayezid, 73- Apparent destruction of the Ottoman Dower. 71- Vo MOHAMMED THE RESTORER. 14°2•• 1421 Vitality of the Turkish rule, N···Caur.cs, 7s-0rganization and education, 76-Mohammed I., 78-Civil war, 79-Re· storation of order and authority, So--·Mohammed the" gen· tleman," 83-His death, 8,3. VI. MURAD IT. AND HUNYADY. 1421-1451 Murad 11., 8s-Sicge of Constr.ntinoplc, 86-11unyady, 87- Relief of Hermannstadt, 88-Pa§sage of the Balkan, 89- Treaty of Szegedin, 89-Abdication of Murad, 89-Perfidy of the Christians, ~Return of Murad, 91-Battle of Varna, 92-Second battle of Kosovo, 96-Death of Murad, 96-Siege of Belgrade, 97-SI. lohn Capiltran, 97-Death of Hunyady, 98. VII. THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE. 1451-1481, 101-139 Mohammed 11., 101-Quarrel with Constantine Palaeologus, l07-Sieges of Constantinople, loS-The final siege, loS- CONTENTS. "xiii rACK "Death 01 Constantine, IzS-Capture of the city, 129-War in the north, IJ3-Scanderbeg, IJJ-War with Venice, IJS -Ncgropont, Crimea, Rhodes, IJ6-Conquest of Otmlto and death of Mohammed II., 139. VIII. PRINCE JEM. 1481-1512 llayezid II., !40-His inaction and d~position, 14<>-1- I'rince Jem, 141-Takes refuge with the Knights of Rhodes, an'd is made prisoner, 14z-Transferred to Nice, 14S, and Rome, 146, and is probably poisoned by the Pope, Alexander Borgia, 149-ISO.
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