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National Recovery Plan for Stream Frogs of South-East Queensland

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National Recovery Plan for Stream Frogs of South-East Queensland Recovery plan for stream frogs of south-east Queensland 2001-2005 Prepared by Harry Hines, Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, and the South- east Queensland Threatened Frogs Recovery Team Fleay’s barred-frog Mixophyes fleayi (photo by Harry Hines QPWS) Recovery plan for stream frogs of south-east Queensland 2001-2005 © The State of Queensland, Environmental Protection Agency, 2002 Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited without the prior written knowledge of the Environmental Protection Agency. Inquiries should be addressed to PO Box 155, BRISBANE ALBERT ST, Qld 4002. Prepared by: Harry Hines, Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, and the South- east Queensland Threatened Frogs Recovery Team. Copies may be obtained from the: Executive Director Queensland Forestry and Wildlife PO Box 155 Brisbane Albert St QLD 4002 Disclaimer: The Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service publishes recovery plans to detail the actions needed for the conservation of threatened native wildlife. The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds may be subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, and may also be constrained by the need to address other conservation priorities. Approved recovery plans may be subject to modification due to changes in knowledge and changes in conservation status. Publication reference: Hines, H. B. and the South-east Queensland Threatened Frogs Recovery Team. 2002. Recovery plan for stream frogs of south-east Queensland 2001-2005. Report to Environment Australia, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Material presented in this document may not be copied unless approved by the South-east Queensland Threatened Frogs Recovery Team. 1 Recovery plan for stream frogs of south-east Queensland 2001-2005 Contents Summary 4 Introduction 6 Location and species 6 Declines, disappearances and possible causes 7 Habitat critical to survival 8 Existing conservation measures 9 Stakeholders affected by the plan 9 Other plans affected 10 Recovery team, reporting and review 11 Other biodiversity benefits 11 Strategy for recovery 11 Recovery objectives and criteria 12 Recovery actions 14 Action 1. Manage the recovery process 14 1.1. Appoint a recovery co-ordinator 14 1.2. Ensure effective recovery team functioning 14 Action 2. Monitor populations 15 Action 3. Gain information required for management 16 3.1. Investigate the role of disease in frog declines 16 3.2. Develop captive husbandry techniques 16 3.3. Assess the need for translocation experiments 17 3.4. Determine the genetic structure of populations 17 3.5. Investigate population dynamics 18 3.6. Determine habitat usage 18 Action 4. Protect populations and manage habitat 19 4.1. Assess effectiveness of management prescriptions 19 4.2. Control feral pigs 19 4.3. Assess impact of crofton weed and mistflower on habitat 19 4.4. Manage populations of the giant barred-frog on private land 20 4.5. Reduce the impact of introduced fish 20 4.6. Manage fire at Kroombit Tops 20 4.7. Remove stock from the habitat of Kroombit tinkerfrog 20 4.8. Provide advice to land managers 21 Action 5. Provide education and information 21 5.1. Distribute fact sheet 22 5.2. Develop and install displays 22 5.3. Revise and expand web site 22 5.4. Publish identification guide 22 5.5. Produce a regular newsletter 23 5.6. Conduct training workshops 23 Cost schedule 24 Acknowledgements 24 Bibliography 24 Appendix 1. Species profiles 31 2 Fleay’s barred-frog 31 Giant barred-frog 34 Southern gastric-brooding frog 37 Southern dayfrog 39 Kroombit tinkerfrog 41 Cascade treefrog 44 New England treefrog 47 3 Summary This document is a five-year multi-species plan for the recovery of seven threatened stream frogs of south-east Queensland. The southern dayfrog and southern gastric- brooding frog declined and disappeared in the late 1970s to early 1980s. They have not been located since then, despite considerable survey effort. All other species are reported to have undergone population declines, although these are sometimes poorly quantified. One of these species, the cascade treefrog, declined markedly in Queensland in the late 1970s early 1980s. However, numbers have since shown some recovery. As the causes of the declines and disappearances are unknown, ongoing monitoring of key sites and investigations into the causes of declines are essential actions in the plan. These activities are central to the development of effective threat abatement measures and ultimately species recovery. This recovery plan details the decline, possible threats, and current and proposed monitoring, research and management actions required for recovery of these species. The estimated total cost of implementing this plan is $1.3 million and involves the co-operative efforts of community groups, researchers, land managers and funding agencies. Habitat requirements and limiting factors The seven species considered in this plan are stream-associated forest-dependent frogs of the eastern escarpment. They are generally found in moister forest types (rainforest and wet sclerophyll) over a wide range of elevations, but most often occur in the ranges and foothills. They breed in a range of stream environments. The major threatening processes have not yet been identified, despite documentation of population declines. Investigation of disease as a threatening process is one of the objectives of this recovery plan. Overall objective To significantly improve the conservation status and long term survival of each species through protection of its habitat, and through location of additional populations or expansion of existing populations into areas currently uninhabited. Specific objectives (2001-2005) 1. To down list the cascade treefrog from endangered to vulnerable within five years based on IUCN (2001) criteria of population size and trends, extent of occurrence and probability of extinction. 2. To determine whether the southern gastric-brooding frog and the southern dayfrog are extant. 3. To secure existing populations of extant species. 4. To investigate disease as a key threatening process. 5. To increase the number of populations of extant species by facilitating expansion into their former range. Nineteen performance criteria will be used to assess the success of the recovery program. The recovery team and two independent reviewers will review this recovery plan at the end of the third year. 4 Actions 1. Manage the recovery process. 2. Monitor populations. 3. Gain information required for management. 4. Protect populations and manage habitat. 5. Provide education and information. 5 Introduction This recovery plan has been developed from the draft recovery plan for the southern gastric-brooding frog and southern dayfrog (Martin et al. 1997), a draft national recovery plan for barred-frogs and the cascade treefrog (QPWS 2000), and the draft recovery plan for the Kroombit tinkerfrog (Borsboom et al. 1999). The earlier plans have been partially implemented. This recovery plan has been prepared for adoption under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It provides an overview of the decline of seven stream-dwelling frog species of south-eastern Queensland and actions needed to recover these species. Location and species This plan includes seven species of threatened stream frogs from south-east Queensland (Table 1). Table 1. Current status of species considered in this recovery plan. Common name Scientific name EPBC Action Qld IUCN4 Act Plan NC(W) 19991 19972 Reg 19943 Fleay’s barred-frog Mixophyes fleayi EN EN EN EN [B2ab(iii)] Giant barred-frog Mixophyes iteratus EN EN EN EN [B2ab(iii)] Southern gastric- Rheobatrachus silus EX EN EN EX brooding frog Southern dayfrog Taudactylus diurnus EX EN EN EX Kroombit tinkerfrog Taudactylus pleione VU VU VU CR [B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)] Cascade treefrog Litoria pearsoniana NL IK EN LC New England Litoria subglandulosa5 NL IK VU NT treefrog Codes used (as defined in the relevant legislation/document); EX = presumed extinct, CR = critically endangered, EN = endangered, VU = vulnerable, IK = insufficiently known species that may be of concern, NT = near threatened, LC = least concern, NL = not listed as threatened. Source: (as at April 2001) 1 Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. 2 Tyler 1997. 3 Queensland Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. 4 IUCN Red List Category (2001), as determined at the IUCN workshop held in Hobart 2001. Criteria are shown in square brackets. 5 Litoria subglandulosa sensu lato - see appendix for details. In Queensland the distribution of these frogs lies within the region extending south along the foothills and ranges of the Great Divide from about Gladstone to the New South Wales border. The area is fully encompassed by the Southeast Queensland and New England Tableland Bioregions (Stanton and Morgan 1977). Three of the species are restricted to the former. The other four species also occur farther south in New South Wales. A species profile for each frog, which includes a description of distribution, habitat, biology and threats, is provided as an Appendix. This recovery plan is concerned only with actions necessary for the recovery of populations of the seven threatened 6 frogs in south-east Queensland. The New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service are preparing recovery plans for New South Wales populations. Declines, disappearances
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