DOCSLIB.ORG

Russia Regional Risk Rating

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Russia Regional Risk Rating IHS| http://wwwold.ihs.ac.at/index.php3?in=http://www.ihs.ac.at/secti... ANDREAS WÖRGÖTTER, IHS Russia Regional Risk Rating Presentation Salzburg, June 22, 1998 Bank Austria CEEC and Russia Investment Risk Rating The macroeconomic stabilization of the Russian economy stimulated the interest of both academics and business circles resulting in more knowledge on economic development and opportunities in this country. The issue of foreign investments in the Russian Regions and the related legal and logistic frameworks has become a prominent subject of worldwide interest. However, the vast environmental, demographic, political, economic, financial and cultural diversity of the country, arising from its wide geographic spread, make it difficult to consider the Federation as a single entity. The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world and extending over 9 time zones. The Russian Federation is home to a variety of different peoples and religions of all main European, Arab and Asian beliefs. Russia is combining its wealth of resources and high technological sophistication with the struggles to overcome the distortions of its central planning legacies. The Russian Federation exemplifies diversity, which is unique among all economies. Therefore, the regional approach seems to be relevant and appropriate. This approach allows us to delineate the obstacles and risks for investment at the level of more homogeneous subjects of the Federation. The characterization of the 89 RF subjects by the use of a large number of various indicators is a challenging undertaking, and the presentation of its results needs special techniques. Despite the fact that some information could be lost for the reader, or is indistinguishably couched in technical procedures, our method of rating remains one of the most vivid ways to display investment risks. We see our task to condense available information in a similar way as a road map and to offer report a compass, which is showing the directions. We invite the reader of our study to accompany us on our adventurous travels through the world of information on the Russian Regions and share the results of a "beauty contest" of the Russian Regions from the point of view of an outside investor. Russia Russia experienced substantial changes after the breakdown of central planning; some of which lead to positive developments and some can be identified as negative outcomes. POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS According to the official economic statistics, the recession of the RF seems to have bottomed out in 1997. Inflation in the beginning of 1998 dropped below 1% per month. The RUR/US$ exchange rate has kept its value despite the heavy speculative attacks, now its volatility is under control of the Central Bank with the price of excessive interest rates. The discount rate was reduced nearly ten times, but it had to be increased temporarily to 150% at the peak of the recent financial crisis. Russian regions started to issue ADR and Euro-bonds, promoting the development of a full-fledged financial market in Russia. These and other steps have led to international recognition of the Russian security market. Now, several Russian stocks are quoted and traded internationally. The Russian banking system is gradually improving its performance and efficiency. Some banks have begun to invest in productive assets. Large banks moved their operations to the regions and established branches throughout the country. So called financial-industrial groups were established with a potential for improving the financial basis of important Russian enterprise conglomerates. Finally, absolute individual savings have started to grow. International trade activities were characterized by an impressive (and for transition economies unusual) positive export-import balance. Going hand in hand with increasing international trade, foreign investments have markedly increased although starting from an insufficient level and foreign and joint 1 of 8 11.03.2010 15:37 IHS| http://wwwold.ihs.ac.at/index.php3?in=http://www.ihs.ac.at/secti... ventures activities expanded. Foreign activities were no longer confined to the RF capital, but have also occurred in the Russian regions and were often financed from abroad. The Russian market is no longer characterized by supply and goods shortages ("deficits"), but in many regions starts to resemble Western markets for the consumer with enough purchasing power. In addition, the quality of domestic products has generally improved. Business services and utilities are now widely available. The quality of communication facilities has improved remarkably and modern communication services such as the Internet or cellular phone services are available today in most cities. The state sector's share in the economy is gradual declining, and privatization is generally heading towards a successful direction. Today Russia is among the economies with the smallest share of GDP commanded by government. Center-region relations are more and more based on a legal framework, regulating the interactions between the entities of the RF. At the same time, the legal system more and more reflects market realities. The government oversees business activities, but refrains from direct interventions, and started to initiate anti-monopolistic policies. All these factors, in the eyes of the population, lend more creditability to the economic and political reforms in the country. Finally, 20 months of war in the Chechen Republic have stopped. NEGATIVE OUTCOMES With the growth of the budget deficit, the instability of tax collection has increased. Many enterprises efficiently delay tax payments and the amount of collected taxes has decreased. There is generally a money shortage in the economy due to the tight monetary policy of the CBR and the insufficient financial intermediation capacities of the Russian banking system. Barter or money surrogates settlements are still common practice. The number of donor-regions to the Federal budget is decreasing, and federal-regional financial relations are generally unclear or not efficiently regulated. Recently the consequences of investor withdrawal scared by fears of regional and federal bankruptcy has been shaking the Russian financial markets. This battle is not yet over and Russian federal and local authorities will have to come up with actions demonstrating their willingness to refrain from playing games with outside investors. International investors become increasingly aware of the risks of inadequate policies. This has also a positive side effect: governments cannot wait as long as in the past, until distortionary policies are changed. Another major shock for the Russian economy has been caused by sharply decreasing energy export prices. Export revenues depend very much on energy and raw material export. Labor productivity (GDP per employed) is generally declining countrywide. The technological and physical depreciation of the productive assets continues. Branch and regional developments are characterized by growing disparities. There are strong concentration tendencies, where specific branches are exclusively concentrated in single regions. The construction of a competitive, market oriented processing industry is still far from satisfactory. There is a polarization of the population regarding an increasing range in net incomes. Wage, pension and social benefits arrears are growing. The number of poor people has become larger. Even homelessness is becoming a widespread phenomenon. Strikes have become a common feature of work life. The regional and Federal government cuts social support programs and social services, and the quality of these state-provided services has deteriorated. At the same time, an increasing share of the population is looking for social assistance. Hidden employment is flourishing, and the official and non-registered unemployment rates continue to rise. On the other side, there is a continuous decline of the life expectancy of the Russian population. The shadow economy prospers criminal activities and financial frauds are on the rise. The population lacks an efficient protection from crime by official law enforcement bodies. The withdrawal of the state has generated a vacuum into which numerous organizations invaded by illegally exercising the state privilege to tax and apply force. The transport sector has generally deteriorated. Custom barriers between the CIS states, and complicated custom procedures are impeding trade activities between the RF and the former Soviet republics. Russia's reputation in the political and economic sphere has suffered in Eastern Europe and in its previous sphere of influence. 2 of 8 11.03.2010 15:37 IHS| http://wwwold.ihs.ac.at/index.php3?in=http://www.ihs.ac.at/secti... The Russian State, the parliament (Duma) and some of its leading figures have lost authority among the population. The Russian population has demonstrated an astonishing amount of patience and ability to tolerate the burden of adjustment to market principles. Currently the confidence in market principles to favor the interests of "the man in the street" rarely can be delivered by the politicians, but has to be provided by the outcomes of economic development. Regions The 89 objects of the Russian Federation differ in terms of their degree of independence granted by the constitution. The constitution mentions 49 Oblasts, 21 Republics, 6 Territories (Krais), 10 autonomous districts, 2 Metropolitan Areas and one Autonomous Oblast. As explained already before, the regions differ vastly
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World Bank Document
    THE ;-" Russian Views of WORL'D*.. ;WANRLD the Transition in Public Disclosure Authorized the Rural Sector Struures, Policy Outcomes,and Adiptive Responses L. ALEXANDER NORSWORTHY, EDITOR Public Disclosure Authorized 20653 June 2000 Public Disclosure Authorized ''4 I v.<; ' f, - bte Ci Public Disclosure Authorized Russian Views of the Transition in the Rural Sector Structures, Policy Outcomes, and Adaptive Responses L. Alexander Norsworthy, Editor Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Europe and Central Asia Region The World Bank Washington, DC (D2000 The Intemational Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing June 2000 12345 0403020100 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entire- ly those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Execu- tive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guaran- tee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no respon- sibility for any consequence of their use. The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce por- tions of the work promptly. Permission to photocopy items for internal or personal use, for the internal or personal use of specific clients, or for educational classroom use is granted by the World Bank, provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470.
    [Show full text]
  • RUSSIA Gujarat Technological University in Partial Fulfillment Of
    A GLOBAL / COUNTRY STUDY AND REPORT ON RUSSIA SUBMITTED TO Gujarat Technological University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of the Award for the Degree of Master of Business Administration Under the Faculty Guide: Mr. Sunil Prajapati, MS. Selvy Palmer and Ms. Sashikala Munka Submitted by: Enrollment No. 107550592062 to 107550592121 MBA SEMESTER -IV Sardar Patel College of Administration & Management (SPCAM-MBA) Approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi AFFILIATED WITH GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD SPEC Campus, Vidhyanagar-Vadtal Road Bakrol-388315, Anand (Gujarat) May, 2012 1 STUDENTS DECLARATION We enrollment no. 107550592062 to 107550592121 Students of SARDAR PATEL COLLEGE OF ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT (SPCAM-MBA) Bakrol,, hereby declare that the report for A GLOBAL / COUNTRY STUDY REPORT ON Spain is a result of our own work and our indebtedness to other work publications, references, if any, have been duly acknowledged. Place : .. Date : 2 PREFACE In today’s competitive environment, survival of the fittest is the new motto. That is why it’s necessary that the theoretical knowledge is accompanied by practical knowledge. In an MBA programmer, project study forms an important and an integral part. It helps in bridging the gap between the two main important aspects the theoretical as well practical knowledge. “Knowledge and Human Power are synonyms”, once said the great philosopher Francis Bacon. However based on the experience within today’s global markets, he would probably say, “The ability to capture, communicate & leverage knowledge to solve problems is human power”. This raises the question how exactly one can best capture, communicate & leverage knowledge, especially within world of system engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Grain Production Boom in Russia in Historical Context
    Recent grain production boom in Russia in historical context Nikolai Dronin ( [email protected] ) Moscow State University: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M V Lomonosova https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-5689 Andrei Kirilenko University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions Research Article Keywords: Climate change, statistical models, grain yields, Russia, agriculture Posted Date: February 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-248173/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 Recent grain production boom in Russia in historical context 2 Nikolai Dronina, c, Andrei Kirilenkob 3 4 a Moscow State University, Russia. [email protected] 5 b University of Florida, USA 6 c Corresponding author 7 8 Abstract. In recent years, Russia has established herself as the leading supplier of grain worldwide 9 and continues to make ambitious plans for raising its grain production in the long-term. Within the context 10 of Russian agricultural history, the recent high growth of grain production is exceptional. This growth 11 however is not fully replicated by the “weather-yield” crop models, which project only moderate yield 12 increase in the 21st century and fail to predict the most recent record growth in grain yields. The difference 13 between the projected climate-dependent yields and observations is especially high in two of the most 14 important agricultural regions, Central Black Earth and Northern Caucasus, while the rest of the 15 agricultural zone is shows good agreement with the regression models. Similar differences were observed 16 in the late 1960s, which we interpret in terms of the fast changes in agricultural technology during the 17 Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) agricultural reforms followed by periods of reversal.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Chukotka
    ISSN 1883-1656 Центр Российских Исследований RRC Working Paper Series No. 71 Demographic Situation and Its Perspectives in the Russian Far East: A Case of Chukotka Kazuhiro KUMO August 2017 RUSSIAN RESEARCH CENTER INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH HITOTSUBASHI UNIVERSITY Kunitachi, Tokyo, JAPAN DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION AND ITS PERSPECTIVES IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST: A CASE OF CHUKОТКА Kazuhiro KUMO 1. INTRODUCTION The purposes of the present study are, first of all, a general review of the population migration patterns in the Far East region of Russia following the demise of the Soviet Union; and secondly, a study of the situation that emerged in the developing regions as a result of the state policy of the Soviet period, using the example of the demographic trends in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug as one of the most distal Russian territories with respect to the center of Russia. To date, several studies have been conducted on inter-regional migration in Russia; by the the author (Kumo, 1997, 2003) a comparative analysis of migration in the post-Soviet Russia was conducted and major changes taking place in the migration patterns were considered in the specified periods. Yu. Andrienko and S. Guriev (Andrienko and Guriev, 2002) performed a comparative analysis of inter-regional migration based on the gravity model and showed that the adoption of the migration decision by the population depended on the regional-economic variables. The results of the above-mentioned studies demonstrate that traditional means of analyzing migration patterns can be applied to Russia, which went through the change in the state system, and the authors conclude that migration flows are largely dependent on economic reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Will Climate Change Benefit Or Hurt Russian Grain Production? a Statistical Evidence from a Panel Approach
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Belyaeva, Maria; Bokusheva, Raushan Working Paper Will climate change benefit or hurt Russian grain production? A statistical evidence from a panel approach Discussion Paper, No. 161 Provided in Cooperation with: Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale) Suggested Citation: Belyaeva, Maria; Bokusheva, Raushan (2017) : Will climate change benefit or hurt Russian grain production? A statistical evidence from a panel approach, Discussion Paper, No. 161, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale), http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-69113 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/155773 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
    [Show full text]
  • Viet Nam's Economy in 2020 and Prospects for 2021
    Aus4Reform Program AUS4REFORM PROGRAM VIET NAM’S ECONOMY IN 2020 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2021 Innovation for adaption INTRODUCTION The year 2020 witnessed complex factors affecting Viet Nam’s economy. Most notably, the complicated and unpredictable movement of COVID-19 pandemic has required Viet Nam, like other countries, to take unprecedented preventive measures (such as social distancing, border closures, etc.). These measures have significantly contributed to the success of Viet Nam in controlling the pandemics, but also brought about significant consequences to the economy. COVID-19 vaccine underwent a rapid development process for quick roll-out, despite concerns about accessibility. In such context, the Government of Viet Nam has targeted "dual goals", i.e., effective prevention of pandemic and alleviating difficulties for production and business. The business community and the people themselves had strong consensus with the Government's policy and actively adapted to the "new normal" state. The recovery program and, in longer term, the post-COVID- 19 development paradigm was also studied and discussed widely. This report, titled Viet Nam’s Economy in 2020 and Prospects for 2021 – Innovation for Adaptation, serves several objectives, including: (i) to update, and review macroeconomic development and policy changes in 2020 with evidence-based analysis and perspectives of experts/Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM); (ii) to elaborate on macroeconomic outlook for 2021; (iii) to provide in-depth analysis of selected economic issues; and (iv) to make recommendations on economic reforms (including institutional reforms) and on macroeconomic policies in 2021. During the preparation and finalization of this report, the authors have received valuable comments of various experts from CIEM, and other Ministries and agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Development As a Factor of Cities' Sustainability
    E3S Web of Conferences 91, 05034 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /20199105034 TPACEE-2018 Spatial development as a factor of cities' sustainability Ivan Makarov1, Natalia Morozova1, Vladimir Plotnikov2,3,*, and Tatiana Samoylova1 1 Financial University (Lipetsk branch), 12 Internacionalnaya str., Lipetsk, Russia, 398050 2 Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, 21 Sadovaya str., St. Petersburg, Russia, 191023 3 South West State University, 94 50 let Oktiabria str., Kursk, Russia, 305040 Abstract. The article focuses on the spatial conditions of sustainable urban development. They cannot develop without taking into account its inherent tendencies. Using the example of the Russian Federation, the authors performed an analysis of the spatial factor of urban development. The directions of its influence are established; the zoning in the spatial development of the country is highlighted; the laws and tendencies of the transformation of cities under the influence of changes in the economic space were established. The authors substantiated the need to coordinate the development strategies of Russian cities with the measures of the state regional policy. This will allow taking into account the peculiarities of the regions and territories in which the cities are located. It also shows the need for faster development of transport infrastructure in Russia, which increases the coherence of the economic space of the country, stimulates interregional and intercity (inter-settlement) communications. Concerning the zone of the Russian European Core, recommendations were given on prioritizing measures and tools for sustainable urban development. It has been proposed to take into account in the state and municipal policy the main vectors of spatial development (West - East; North - South; Center - Periphery).
    [Show full text]
  • ULYANOVSK OBLAST: Tatiana Ivshina
    STEERING COMMITTEE FOR CULTURE, HERITAGE AND LANDSCAPE (CDCPP) CDCPP (2013) 24 Strasbourg, 22 May 2013 2nd meeting Strasbourg, 27-29 May 2013 PRESENTATION OF THE CULTURAL POLICY REVIEW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION DOCUMENT FOR INFORMATION AND DECISION Item 3.2 of the draft agenda Draft decision The Committee: – welcomed the conclusion of the Cultural Policy Review of the Russian Federation and congratulated the Russian Authorities and the joint team of Russian and independent experts on the achievement; – expressed its interest in learning about the follow-up given to the report at national level and invited the Russian Authorities to report back in this respect at the CDCPP’s 2015 Plenary Session. Directorate of Democratic Governance, DG II 2 3 MINISTRY OF CULTURE RUSSIAN INSTITUTE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR CULTURAL RESEARCH CULTURAL POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REVIEW 2013 4 The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the editors of the report and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. 5 EXPERT PANEL: MINISTRY OF CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Kirill Razlogov Nina Kochelyaeva Tatiana Fedorova MINISTRY OF CULTURE, PRINT, AND NATIONAL AFFAIRS OF THE MARI EL REPUBLIC: Galina Skalina MINISTRY OF CULTURE OF OMSK OBLAST: Tatiana Smirnova GOVERNMENT OF ULYANOVSK OBLAST: Tatiana Ivshina COUNCIL OF EUROPE: Terry Sandell Philippe Kern COUNCIL OF EUROPE COORDINATOR Kathrin Merkle EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS Editors: Kirill Razlogov (Russian Federation) Terry Sandell (United Kingdom) Contributors: Tatiana Fedorova (Russian Federation) Tatiana Ivshina (Russian Federation) Philippe Kern (Belgium) Nina Kochelyaeva (Russian Federation) Kirill Razlogov (Russian Federation) Terry Sandell (United Kingdom) Tatiana Smirnova (Russian Federation) 6 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 10 CULTURE POTENTIAL INTRODUCTION 14 CHAPTER 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Distr. GENERAL UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/3 15 April 1998
    Distr. GENERAL UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/3 15 April 1998 Original : ENGLISH UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT THE INTEGRATION OF SELECTED ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION INTO THE INTERNATIONAL TRADING SYSTEM, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR TRADE WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Report by the UNCTAD secretariat __________________________ The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, and its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. GE.98-50423 2 CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS page 4 COUNTRY GROUPS page 4 NOTE paragraphs i - v INTRODUCTION paragraphs vi - xv Chapter Paragraphs P A R T : 1 TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES I Trade in goods ......................................... 1 - 37 A. Separation from the FSU economic space: The case of the Russian Federation .................. 1 - 11 B. Regional integration ................................ 12 - 17 C. Trade flows of the Russian Federation ............... 18 - 30 After the dissolution of the FSU .............. .. 18 - 22 Export potential ................................. 23 - 25 High-tech exports ................................ 26 - 30 D. The case of the Central Asian NIS ................... 31 - 37 Petroleum and natural gas ........................ 36 Opportunities to revive the non-oil sector........ 37 II Trade between CIS and developing countries ............. 38 - 52 A. Impact of the transition process in CIS countries on their trade with developing countries ............ 38 - 44 B. The generalised system of preferences ..... ......... 45 C. Possible ways and means of supporting trade between CIS member States and developing countries .......... 46 - 52 III Trade in services ...................................... 53 - 80 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Maria Belyaeva a Comprehensive Analysis of Current State and Development Perspecti Ves of Russian Grain Sector: Producti on Effi Ciency and Climate Change Impact
    Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transiti on Economies Maria Belyaeva A Comprehensive Analysis of Current State and Development Perspecti ves of Russian Grain Sector: Producti on Effi ciency and Climate Change Impact Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies Edited by Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies IAMO Volume 91 A Comprehensive Analysis of Current State and Development Perspectives of Russian Grain Sector: Production Efficiency and Climate Change Impact by Maria Belyaeva IAMO 2018 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists the publication in the Deutsche National- bibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at: http://dnb.dnb.de. This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfillment of the re- quirements for the degree "doctor agriculturarum" by the Faculty of Natural Sciences III at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg on 06.12.2016. Date of oral examination: 19.06.2017 Supervisor and Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Heinrich Hockmann Co-Reviewer: Ph. D. Doc. Ing. Lukáš Čechura Diese Veröffentlichung kann kostenfrei im Internet unter <www.iamo.de/publikationen/iamo-studies> heruntergeladen werden. This publication can be downloaded free from the website <www.iamo.de/en/publications/iamo-studies>. © 2018 Leibniz-Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Transformationsökonomien (IAMO) Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Tel.: 49 (345) 2928-0 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.iamo.de ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-95992-068-1 Acknowledgements I am thankful to my supervisor Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic Assessment of the Russian Boreal Forests
    Working Paper Socio-Economic Assessment of the Russian Boreal Forests A. I. Pisarenko and V.V. Strakhov WP-96-58 July 1996 01 lASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis A-2361 Laxenburg Austria ad: Telephone: +43 2236 807 Telefax: +43 2236 7131 3 E-Mail: [email protected] Socio-Economic Assessment of the Russian Boreal Forests A.I. Pisarenko and V. V. Strakhov WP-96-5 8 July 1996 Dr. Pisarenko is with the Federal Service of Forest Management of Russia; Dr. Strakhov is with the All-Russian Research & Information Centre for Forest Resources (ARICFR). Working Papers are interim reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and have received only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. lgl lASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis A-2361 Laxenburg Austria :id Telephone: +43 2236 807 Telefax: +43 2236 71313 E-Mail: infoQiiasa.ac.at Contents 1. General Description of the Russian Forest Land ................................................................... 1 1.1. European Russia ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Asian Russia (Siberia) ................................................................................................... 5 2 . The Forest Resources of Russia ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Forest Sector – Human Resources
    IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis • A-2361 Laxenburg • Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 • Fax: +43 2236 71313 • E-mail: [email protected] • Web: www.iiasa.ac.at INTERIM REPORT IR-97-008/March Russian Forest Sector – Human Resources Jan Granåsen ([email protected]) Sten Nilsson ([email protected]) Uno Zackrisson ([email protected]) Approved by Gordon J. MacDonald ([email protected]) Director, IIASA Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. i Contents 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES...............................................................................................1 2. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATABASE OF IIASA ...........................................................................2 3. OVERALL FINDINGS ..........................................................................................................................3 3.1 RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ECONOMIC REGIONS ....................................................................................3 3.2 REPUBLICS AND OBLASTS .......................................................................................................................6 3.3 MAPS.......................................................................................................................................................8 4. CAUSES FOR THE
    [Show full text]