World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document THE ;-" Russian Views of WORL'D*.. ;WANRLD the Transition in Public Disclosure Authorized the Rural Sector Struures, Policy Outcomes,and Adiptive Responses L. ALEXANDER NORSWORTHY, EDITOR Public Disclosure Authorized 20653 June 2000 Public Disclosure Authorized ''4 I v.<; ' f, - bte Ci Public Disclosure Authorized Russian Views of the Transition in the Rural Sector Structures, Policy Outcomes, and Adaptive Responses L. Alexander Norsworthy, Editor Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Europe and Central Asia Region The World Bank Washington, DC (D2000 The Intemational Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing June 2000 12345 0403020100 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entire- ly those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Execu- tive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guaran- tee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no respon- sibility for any consequence of their use. The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce por- tions of the work promptly. Permission to photocopy items for internal or personal use, for the internal or personal use of specific clients, or for educational classroom use is granted by the World Bank, provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470. Please contact the Copyright Clearance Center before photocopying items. For permission to reprint individual articles or chapters, please fax a request with complete information to the Republication Department, Copyright Clear- ance Center, fax 978-750-4470. All other queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, World Bank, at the address above or faxed to 202-522-2422. Cover photo by Thomas R. Ward, Consultant, ECSSD Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Russian views of the transition in the rural sector: structures, policy outcomes, and adaptive responses / L. Alexander Norsworthy, editor. p. cm. A collection of articles translated from Russian. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8213-4765-9 1. Agriculture and state-Russia (Federation) 2. Russia (Federation)- Rural conditions. I. Norsworthy, L. Alexander, 1962- II. World Bank. HD1995.15.Z8 R87 2000 333.76'1947-dc2l 00-032476 CONTENTS Acknowledgments................................................ v Abstract ................................................ vii Preface ................................................ ix Abstracts of Russian Articles ................................................ xi L. Alexander Norsworthy and Olga Paluba "Impact of the Transition: Approaches and Findings"............... ................................. I Maria Amelina "Rural Interactions in the Post-Soviet Era".................... 16 Vasily Uzun "Agrarian Reform in Russia in the 1990s: Objectives, Mechanisms,and Problems".......................................... 25 Renata Yanbykh "Driving Forces in Russian Agrarian Policy in the 1990s"................................................. 42 Vladimir Bogdanovsky "Land Reform: Expectations and Social Con- sequences"................................................. 57 Eugenia Serova "Public Opinion concerning Russia's Agrarian Re- forms"................................................. 67 Zemfira I. Kalugina "Paradoxes of Agrarian Reform in Russia"........... 87 Eugenia Serova "Reform and Economic Behavior in Russian Agriculture"................................................ 103 Zemfira I. Kalugina "Survival Strategies of Enterprises and Families in the ContemporaryRussian Countryside".............. 118 Olga V. Artemova "Changes in the EverydayActivities of Rural Women in Russia from the 1970s to the 1990s".............. 132 Grigory loffe and Tatiana Nefedova "The Environs of Russian Cities: A Case Study of Moscow"..................................... 145 Galina Vitkovskaya "Adaptation and Integration of Forced Migrants in Russia . ...............................................167 Sergei A. Panarin "The Rural Economy of the Tunka Valley in a Time of Transition and Crisis"................................................ 188 L. Alexander Norsworthy and Alexander Feshenko"Studying the Po- litical Economy of the Rural Transition"........................................ 202 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To arrange for the publication of a compendium of Russian articles on different political, economic and social aspects of rural reform in Russian was a difficult and time consuming task. This effort was undertaken to demonstrate the need for a multidisciplinaryapproach to analyzing a decade of reforms. This activity required the support of many World Bank project leaders and managers in the Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Department of the Europe and Central Asia Region at the World Bank. The gracious cooperation and contributions of Russian experts from Moscow to Siberia, and within the World Bank itself made this concept a reality. I am particularly grateful for the feedback and guidance from Ayse Kudat, Thomas Blinkhorn and Stan Peabody of the Social Development Team. Also the suggestions from Laura Tuck, John Nash and Csaba Csaki of the Rural Development team, and Kevin Cleaver, the Department Director. Maria Amelina's work in the Development Economics Research Group closely matched many of my original interests in exploring what the Russians themselves had to say about the reform experience. Christian Forster of the US Department of Agriculture was also an important sounding board for what this compendium was trying to accomplish. A special thanks is to Frank Laczko of IOM for allowing the reprint of the Vitkovskaya article on Adaptation Strategies. I am also grateful for recommendations from the publications coordinator of the Social Development Anchor Bonnie Bradford and from Paola Scalabrin in the Office of the Publisher. The papers in this compendium were obtained as the original work of the authors in English and reflect the opinions of the authors, not those of the World Bank Group. Any errors or omissions must be attributed to the editor, not the contributors v ABSTRACT This compendium of papers by Russian experts on the rural sector seeks to explore the institutions, policy outcomes and adaptive responses of enterprises and households to restructuring of the rural sector. The importance of hosuehold plots has increased dramatically but these production units are still dependent on the large successors to the collective and state farms. There are some hopeful signs that the markets are responding to the reforms and producing more efficiently, but this is offset by the uneven implementation of new farm and enterprise laws accross the different regions. Because of demgraphic shifts and the change in land markets, the boundaries between rural and urban are blurred particularly in large metropolitan areas. Rural women continue to bear a disproportionateburden of household work, and the opportunities for migrants moving to rural communities to match or exceed their previous standards of living are constrained. This is due to the importance of social networks of households and enterprises and access to scarce inputs in rural areas. vii PREFACE This compendium is not a typical World Bank publication. Most of the contributing authors are Russian academicians and policy specialists living in Russia. Their approach to evaluating the effects of the transition in that sector differ substantiallyfrom the World Bank's. Many terms such as "land ownership" and "private" or "independent farm" do not have the same meanings among the Russian experts themselves or among rural households. Definitions differ even more markedly from those employed in Western countries. The boundaries between the firm and the household and between the government and the large rural enterprises remain blurred. The boundaries between government and non-government are not always apparent in the attached volume. This is indicative of the confusion which exists regarding causes of the deterioration of Russian agriculture and solutions. Also, the different papers do not present comparable economic and social indicators, thus posing an obstacle to synthesizing and integrating their research findings with those of the Bank. Despite these at times contradictory views of what has happened in Russia and why, there is value in reviewing these interpretations and policy prescriptions. The intent of the compendium is to raise awareness of Russian perspectives on the transition in rural areas rather than to advocate specific development interventions from a World Bank perspective. The World Bank perspective has been published elsewhere and circulated widely. The policy prescriptions and recommendations regarding the agricultural sector in Russia presented by the World Bank have been ignored in Russia. Most of the authors of the articles admit the failure of Russian agriculture in the "transition," but provide a different set of solutions to those most often seen in the West. We hope that this will stimulate a debate that can contribute to moving the sector forward. We
Recommended publications
  • Recent Grain Production Boom in Russia in Historical Context
    Recent grain production boom in Russia in historical context Nikolai Dronin ( [email protected] ) Moscow State University: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M V Lomonosova https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-5689 Andrei Kirilenko University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions Research Article Keywords: Climate change, statistical models, grain yields, Russia, agriculture Posted Date: February 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-248173/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 Recent grain production boom in Russia in historical context 2 Nikolai Dronina, c, Andrei Kirilenkob 3 4 a Moscow State University, Russia. [email protected] 5 b University of Florida, USA 6 c Corresponding author 7 8 Abstract. In recent years, Russia has established herself as the leading supplier of grain worldwide 9 and continues to make ambitious plans for raising its grain production in the long-term. Within the context 10 of Russian agricultural history, the recent high growth of grain production is exceptional. This growth 11 however is not fully replicated by the “weather-yield” crop models, which project only moderate yield 12 increase in the 21st century and fail to predict the most recent record growth in grain yields. The difference 13 between the projected climate-dependent yields and observations is especially high in two of the most 14 important agricultural regions, Central Black Earth and Northern Caucasus, while the rest of the 15 agricultural zone is shows good agreement with the regression models. Similar differences were observed 16 in the late 1960s, which we interpret in terms of the fast changes in agricultural technology during the 17 Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) agricultural reforms followed by periods of reversal.
    [Show full text]
  • RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 1
    RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 1 No. 33 Summer 2003 Special issue: The Transformation of Protected Areas in Russia A Ten-Year Review PROMOTING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN RUSSIA AND THROUGHOUT NORTHERN EURASIA RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS Voice from the Wild (Letter from the Editors)......................................1 Ten Years of Teaching and Learning in Bolshaya Kokshaga Zapovednik ...............................................................24 BY WAY OF AN INTRODUCTION The Formation of Regional Associations A Brief History of Modern Russian Nature Reserves..........................2 of Protected Areas........................................................................................................27 A Glossary of Russian Protected Areas...........................................................3 The Growth of Regional Nature Protection: A Case Study from the Orlovskaya Oblast ..............................................29 THE PAST TEN YEARS: Making Friends beyond Boundaries.............................................................30 TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES A Spotlight on Kerzhensky Zapovednik...................................................32 Geographic Development ........................................................................................5 Ecotourism in Protected Areas: Problems and Possibilities......34 Legal Developments in Nature Protection.................................................7 A LOOK TO THE FUTURE Financing Zapovedniks ...........................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Chukotka
    ISSN 1883-1656 Центр Российских Исследований RRC Working Paper Series No. 71 Demographic Situation and Its Perspectives in the Russian Far East: A Case of Chukotka Kazuhiro KUMO August 2017 RUSSIAN RESEARCH CENTER INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH HITOTSUBASHI UNIVERSITY Kunitachi, Tokyo, JAPAN DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION AND ITS PERSPECTIVES IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST: A CASE OF CHUKОТКА Kazuhiro KUMO 1. INTRODUCTION The purposes of the present study are, first of all, a general review of the population migration patterns in the Far East region of Russia following the demise of the Soviet Union; and secondly, a study of the situation that emerged in the developing regions as a result of the state policy of the Soviet period, using the example of the demographic trends in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug as one of the most distal Russian territories with respect to the center of Russia. To date, several studies have been conducted on inter-regional migration in Russia; by the the author (Kumo, 1997, 2003) a comparative analysis of migration in the post-Soviet Russia was conducted and major changes taking place in the migration patterns were considered in the specified periods. Yu. Andrienko and S. Guriev (Andrienko and Guriev, 2002) performed a comparative analysis of inter-regional migration based on the gravity model and showed that the adoption of the migration decision by the population depended on the regional-economic variables. The results of the above-mentioned studies demonstrate that traditional means of analyzing migration patterns can be applied to Russia, which went through the change in the state system, and the authors conclude that migration flows are largely dependent on economic reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Will Climate Change Benefit Or Hurt Russian Grain Production? a Statistical Evidence from a Panel Approach
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Belyaeva, Maria; Bokusheva, Raushan Working Paper Will climate change benefit or hurt Russian grain production? A statistical evidence from a panel approach Discussion Paper, No. 161 Provided in Cooperation with: Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale) Suggested Citation: Belyaeva, Maria; Bokusheva, Raushan (2017) : Will climate change benefit or hurt Russian grain production? A statistical evidence from a panel approach, Discussion Paper, No. 161, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale), http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-69113 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/155773 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
    [Show full text]
  • Удк 911.2:58.02 (571.54) Doi 10.18413/2075-4671-2019-43-3-232-242
    232 НАУЧНЫЕ ВЕДОМОСТИ Серия: Естественные науки. 2019. Том 43, № 3 ___________________________________________________________________________________ УДК 911.2:58.02 (571.54) DOI 10.18413/2075-4671-2019-43-3-232-242 ПОСТАГРАРНАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ГЕОСИСТЕМ ТУНКИНСКОЙ КОТЛОВИНЫ (РЕСПУБЛИКА БУРЯТИЯ) POST-AGRARIAN TRANSFORMATION OF GEOSYSTEMS OF THE TUNKINSKAYA DEPRESSION (REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA) Ж.В. Атутова Zh.V. Atutova Институт географии им. В.Б. Сочавы СО РАН Россия, 664033, г. Иркутск, ул. Улан-Баторская, 1 V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS 1 Ulan-Batorskaya St, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia E-mail: [email protected] Аннотация С целью выявления особенностей естественного лесовосстановления после забрасывания земель рассмотрено современное состояние 22 участков залежных угодий Тункинской котловины (Республика Бурятия). На основе проведенного геоботанического анализа выявлен видовой состав древесного и напочвенного покровов при зарастании пашен. Рассмотрены основные направления восстановительных сукцессий, протекающие в различных условиях функционирования геосистем. Исследование зависимости особенностей демутации от состояния окружающих залежных угодий биоценозов позволило обособить сосновый, березовый, смешанный и луговой варианты зарастания после прекращения пахоты. Основным фактором, осложняющим процесс лесовосстановления, является выпас скота, прекращение которого способствует интенсивному появлению древесных всходов. Abstract To identify features of natural reforestation after abandonment of land, this paper considers the current state
    [Show full text]
  • Debris Flows: Disasters, Risk, Forecast, Protection
    Institute of the Earth’s Crust Debris Flow Association V.B. Sochava Institute of SB RAS Geography SB RAS Second Announcement IV International Conference Debris Flows: Disasters, Risk, Forecast, Protection Irkutsk – Arshan, Russia, September 6-10, 2016 1 The Debris Flow Association invites you and your colleagues to participate in the 4th International Conference “Debris Flows: Disasters, Risks, Forecast, Protection” which will take place in Irkutsk, Russia, followed by field workshop in Arshan village. The conference will be organized by the Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS and by the V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS. Topics of the Conference • Debris flows: a global and regional analysis • Debris disasters of different genesis in recent years • Risk assessment and debris flow forecast • Mechanics and model study of debris flows • Characteristics of nature management, engineering surveys, floods protection measures and numerical techniques for the design and construction in the debris flow areas Program of the Conference • Plenary presentations • Oral presentations • Poster presentations • Discussions • Field workshop Conference sessions will take place September 6 and 7, 2016. Field Workshop It is supposed that a field workshop will be held on September 8–10, 2016 at the bottom of the Tunka Goltsy in Arshan village of Tunkinskii district, Republic of Buryatia, at the site of the debris flows release on July 28, 2014 and passage of the water-rock flow along the river Kyngyrga on July 14, 2015. Conference Location Russia, Irkutsk: - 128 Lermontova st., Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS - 1 Ulan-Batorskaya, V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS Working languages of the conference: Russian and English.
    [Show full text]
  • Viet Nam's Economy in 2020 and Prospects for 2021
    Aus4Reform Program AUS4REFORM PROGRAM VIET NAM’S ECONOMY IN 2020 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2021 Innovation for adaption INTRODUCTION The year 2020 witnessed complex factors affecting Viet Nam’s economy. Most notably, the complicated and unpredictable movement of COVID-19 pandemic has required Viet Nam, like other countries, to take unprecedented preventive measures (such as social distancing, border closures, etc.). These measures have significantly contributed to the success of Viet Nam in controlling the pandemics, but also brought about significant consequences to the economy. COVID-19 vaccine underwent a rapid development process for quick roll-out, despite concerns about accessibility. In such context, the Government of Viet Nam has targeted "dual goals", i.e., effective prevention of pandemic and alleviating difficulties for production and business. The business community and the people themselves had strong consensus with the Government's policy and actively adapted to the "new normal" state. The recovery program and, in longer term, the post-COVID- 19 development paradigm was also studied and discussed widely. This report, titled Viet Nam’s Economy in 2020 and Prospects for 2021 – Innovation for Adaptation, serves several objectives, including: (i) to update, and review macroeconomic development and policy changes in 2020 with evidence-based analysis and perspectives of experts/Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM); (ii) to elaborate on macroeconomic outlook for 2021; (iii) to provide in-depth analysis of selected economic issues; and (iv) to make recommendations on economic reforms (including institutional reforms) and on macroeconomic policies in 2021. During the preparation and finalization of this report, the authors have received valuable comments of various experts from CIEM, and other Ministries and agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Development As a Factor of Cities' Sustainability
    E3S Web of Conferences 91, 05034 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /20199105034 TPACEE-2018 Spatial development as a factor of cities' sustainability Ivan Makarov1, Natalia Morozova1, Vladimir Plotnikov2,3,*, and Tatiana Samoylova1 1 Financial University (Lipetsk branch), 12 Internacionalnaya str., Lipetsk, Russia, 398050 2 Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, 21 Sadovaya str., St. Petersburg, Russia, 191023 3 South West State University, 94 50 let Oktiabria str., Kursk, Russia, 305040 Abstract. The article focuses on the spatial conditions of sustainable urban development. They cannot develop without taking into account its inherent tendencies. Using the example of the Russian Federation, the authors performed an analysis of the spatial factor of urban development. The directions of its influence are established; the zoning in the spatial development of the country is highlighted; the laws and tendencies of the transformation of cities under the influence of changes in the economic space were established. The authors substantiated the need to coordinate the development strategies of Russian cities with the measures of the state regional policy. This will allow taking into account the peculiarities of the regions and territories in which the cities are located. It also shows the need for faster development of transport infrastructure in Russia, which increases the coherence of the economic space of the country, stimulates interregional and intercity (inter-settlement) communications. Concerning the zone of the Russian European Core, recommendations were given on prioritizing measures and tools for sustainable urban development. It has been proposed to take into account in the state and municipal policy the main vectors of spatial development (West - East; North - South; Center - Periphery).
    [Show full text]
  • Distr. GENERAL UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/3 15 April 1998
    Distr. GENERAL UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/3 15 April 1998 Original : ENGLISH UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT THE INTEGRATION OF SELECTED ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION INTO THE INTERNATIONAL TRADING SYSTEM, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR TRADE WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Report by the UNCTAD secretariat __________________________ The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, and its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. GE.98-50423 2 CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS page 4 COUNTRY GROUPS page 4 NOTE paragraphs i - v INTRODUCTION paragraphs vi - xv Chapter Paragraphs P A R T : 1 TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES I Trade in goods ......................................... 1 - 37 A. Separation from the FSU economic space: The case of the Russian Federation .................. 1 - 11 B. Regional integration ................................ 12 - 17 C. Trade flows of the Russian Federation ............... 18 - 30 After the dissolution of the FSU .............. .. 18 - 22 Export potential ................................. 23 - 25 High-tech exports ................................ 26 - 30 D. The case of the Central Asian NIS ................... 31 - 37 Petroleum and natural gas ........................ 36 Opportunities to revive the non-oil sector........ 37 II Trade between CIS and developing countries ............. 38 - 52 A. Impact of the transition process in CIS countries on their trade with developing countries ............ 38 - 44 B. The generalised system of preferences ..... ......... 45 C. Possible ways and means of supporting trade between CIS member States and developing countries .......... 46 - 52 III Trade in services ...................................... 53 - 80 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Maria Belyaeva a Comprehensive Analysis of Current State and Development Perspecti Ves of Russian Grain Sector: Producti on Effi Ciency and Climate Change Impact
    Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transiti on Economies Maria Belyaeva A Comprehensive Analysis of Current State and Development Perspecti ves of Russian Grain Sector: Producti on Effi ciency and Climate Change Impact Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies Edited by Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies IAMO Volume 91 A Comprehensive Analysis of Current State and Development Perspectives of Russian Grain Sector: Production Efficiency and Climate Change Impact by Maria Belyaeva IAMO 2018 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists the publication in the Deutsche National- bibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at: http://dnb.dnb.de. This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfillment of the re- quirements for the degree "doctor agriculturarum" by the Faculty of Natural Sciences III at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg on 06.12.2016. Date of oral examination: 19.06.2017 Supervisor and Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Heinrich Hockmann Co-Reviewer: Ph. D. Doc. Ing. Lukáš Čechura Diese Veröffentlichung kann kostenfrei im Internet unter <www.iamo.de/publikationen/iamo-studies> heruntergeladen werden. This publication can be downloaded free from the website <www.iamo.de/en/publications/iamo-studies>. © 2018 Leibniz-Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Transformationsökonomien (IAMO) Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Tel.: 49 (345) 2928-0 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.iamo.de ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-95992-068-1 Acknowledgements I am thankful to my supervisor Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic Assessment of the Russian Boreal Forests
    Working Paper Socio-Economic Assessment of the Russian Boreal Forests A. I. Pisarenko and V.V. Strakhov WP-96-58 July 1996 01 lASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis A-2361 Laxenburg Austria ad: Telephone: +43 2236 807 Telefax: +43 2236 7131 3 E-Mail: [email protected] Socio-Economic Assessment of the Russian Boreal Forests A.I. Pisarenko and V. V. Strakhov WP-96-5 8 July 1996 Dr. Pisarenko is with the Federal Service of Forest Management of Russia; Dr. Strakhov is with the All-Russian Research & Information Centre for Forest Resources (ARICFR). Working Papers are interim reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and have received only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. lgl lASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis A-2361 Laxenburg Austria :id Telephone: +43 2236 807 Telefax: +43 2236 71313 E-Mail: infoQiiasa.ac.at Contents 1. General Description of the Russian Forest Land ................................................................... 1 1.1. European Russia ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Asian Russia (Siberia) ................................................................................................... 5 2 . The Forest Resources of Russia ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Forest Sector – Human Resources
    IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis • A-2361 Laxenburg • Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 • Fax: +43 2236 71313 • E-mail: [email protected] • Web: www.iiasa.ac.at INTERIM REPORT IR-97-008/March Russian Forest Sector – Human Resources Jan Granåsen ([email protected]) Sten Nilsson ([email protected]) Uno Zackrisson ([email protected]) Approved by Gordon J. MacDonald ([email protected]) Director, IIASA Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. i Contents 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES...............................................................................................1 2. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATABASE OF IIASA ...........................................................................2 3. OVERALL FINDINGS ..........................................................................................................................3 3.1 RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ECONOMIC REGIONS ....................................................................................3 3.2 REPUBLICS AND OBLASTS .......................................................................................................................6 3.3 MAPS.......................................................................................................................................................8 4. CAUSES FOR THE
    [Show full text]