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Enfoques Sobre El Estudio De La Conciencia

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Enfoques Sobre El Estudio De La Conciencia Martín San Enfoques sobre el estudio de la conciencia Distribuidora - DSM Drago http://www.dragodsm.com.ar Martín San Distribuidora - DSM Drago http://www.dragodsm.com.ar Enfoques sobre el estudio de la conciencia Augusto Fernández-Guardiola Martín José Luis Díaz Héctor Vargas Pérez San Juan C. González Rubén Lara Piña Alejandro Escotto-Córdova Distribuidora Israel Grande-García- DSM AlejandroDrago Escotto-Córdova Israel Grande-Garcíahttp://www.dragodsm.com.ar Editores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Laboratorio de Psicología y Neurociencias Martín San Distribuidora - DSM Drago http://www.dragodsm.com.ar Enfoques sobre el estudio de la conciencia editado por Alejandro Escotto-Córdova Laboratorio de Psicología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Martín e San Israel Grande-García Departamento de Filosofía Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Distribuidora - DSM Drago http://www.dragodsm.com.ar Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Laboratorio de Psicología y Neurociencias Diseño de portada e interior: Israel Grande-García Arte de la portada: “Hand mit spiegelnder Kugel”. M. C. Escher (1934). Tomado de M. C. Escher: Taschen portfoloio, Londres. Taschen, 2004. Martín San Datos para clasificación Distribuidora Enfoques sobre el estudio de la conciencia- / editado por Alejandro Escotto-Córdova e Israel Grande-García. xxiii + 383 pp. DSM Incluye referencias bibliográficas e índice. Palabras clave: 1.Drago Conciencia, 2. Psicología, 3. Filosofía de la mente. I. Escotto-Córdova,http://www.dragodsm.com.ar II. Grande-García, III. Título. Clasificación: ISBN: Primera edición, 2005 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Laboratorio de Psicología y Neurociencias Contenido Lista de autores ix In memoriam del Dr. Augusto Fernández-Guardiola xi (1921-2004) Presentación Martín xv Prólogo San xxi Augusto Fernández-Guardiola 1. Vicisitudes históricas en el estudio de la conciencia 1 Alejandro Escotto-Córdova e Israel Grande-García Distribuidora - 2. Algunas teorías evolucionistas de la mente 157 Rubén Lara Piña DSM 3. El enigma de la conciencia animal 229 JoséDrago Luis Díaz y Héctor Vargas Pérez http://www.dragodsm.com.ar 4. La integración cerebral de la conciencia 303 Augusto Fernández-Guardiola 5. La conciencia perceptiva y la conciencia alucinada 325 Juan C. González Índice 369 Martín San Distribuidora - DSM Drago http://www.dragodsm.com.ar Lista de autores JOSÉ LUIS DÍAZ Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognoscitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juri- quilla, Querétaro. ALEJANDRO ESCOTTO-CÓRDOVA Martín Laboratorio de Psicología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores- Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deSan México. AUGUSTO FERNÁNDEZ-GUARDIOLA Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Distribuidora JUAN C. GONZÁLEZ- Departamento de Filosofía, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. DSM ISRAEL GRANDE-GARCÍA DepartamentoDrago de Filosofía Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. http://www.dragodsm.com.ar RUBÉN LARA PIÑA Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universi- dad Nacional Autónoma de México. HÉCTOR VARGAS PÉREZ Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognoscitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juri- quilla, Querétaro. [ix] Martín San Distribuidora - DSM Drago http://www.dragodsm.com.ar In memoriam del Dr. Augusto Fernández-Guardiola (1921-2004) Martín San Distribuidora - e tocaDSM hacer una breve reflexión acerca del presente li- bro que, dadas las circunstancias, se convirtió en un li- bro dedicado a la memoria del Dr. Augusto Fernán- MDrago dez-Guardiola,http://www.dragodsm.com.ar nacido en España en 1921 y fallecido el 19 de mayo en la Ciudad de México cuando el libro estaba en proceso de revisión para la imprenta. Éste, quizá, sea su último libro, en cuyo capítulo 1 se narra parte de su trayectoria académica en relación con los estudios de la conciencia en México, en los que fue, como en otros campos, uno de los pioneros. Omito la palabra homenaje, porque nunca fue persecutor de és- tos. Su trabajo por casi seis décadas siempre fue honesto, no en [xi] xii In memoriam del Dr. Augusto Fernández-Guardiola busca de glorias de oropel, sino del conocimiento, como lo de- muestra su producción científica publicada en México y en el ex- tranjero que es de gran magnitud. También buscó acercarse a la gente en general con sus trabajos de divulgación, y compartió su devenir individual con su cuento “Los Pianos” y su novela, aún inédita, “Abel”. Tengo la fortuna de cientos de anécdotas propias y prestadas, a veces no sé donde empiezan y terminan unas y otras. Porque uno de los propósitos de este libro es rescatar vicisitudes, vale la pena transcribir la manera en que el Profesor Fernández-GuardiolaMartín se recuerda en sus inicios, con singular gusto: San En el Instituto de Estudios Médicos y Biológicos de la UNAM éramos, por esos años 50, investigadores incipientes y vespertinos. Nuestros maestros nos dieron cabida en sus laboratorios desde las aulas de la Fa- cultad de Medicina. No había o eran muy pocos los estudios de post- Distribuidora grado; maestrías y doctorados- no nos preocupaban y éramos algo así como amateurs despistados y apasionados de una medicina moderna que comenzaba a sufrir el impacto del enorme desarrollo tecnológico de la posguerra. HabitábamosDSM el Centro de la Ciudad de México, ocu- pando hermosos edificios. Drago Sólo es pasiónhttp://www.dragodsm.com.ar el gusto por la ciencia y de ningún modo preten- sión. Así, cuando su laboratorio pasó de las calles del centro de la ciudad de México a Ciudad Universitaria, no sentía más pesar que dejar el barrio donde inició su formación. Que se instalara en la Facultad de Filosofía en lugar de la de Medicina, ya en CU, lejos de tomarlo como afrenta, lo tomó como un hecho afortunado y conciente de lo que esto representaba: In memoriam del Dr. Augusto Fernández-Guardiola xiii Por fortuna nuestro primer laboratorio, asignado a la psicofisiología, estaba en la Facultad de Filosofía, en Psicología. Allí comenzó algo muy interesante y útil… Comenzamos a dar clases y a tener alumnos psicólogos que comenzaron a interesarse en la fisiología del cerebro, lo cual puede parecer ahora lógico y banal, pero para aquella época pre- conductista, en la que psicólogo y psicoanalista eran sinónimos, fue re- volucionario. Nunca tuvo la cerrazón de los falsos sabios. El saber escuchar, ser crítico y autocrítico, fueron de las grandes enseñanzas que pre- dicó con el ejemplo. Médicos, psicólogos, biólogos, químicos e Martín ingenieros, eran recibidos en su laboratorio, sin ningún prejuicio y sin más compromiso que el trabajo. San Su participación prologando el presente libro es ejemplo tangi- ble de su vena de profesor, ya que recibió el proyecto con entu- siasmo, por lo que cabe rescatar lo que él mismo escribió para la presentación de otro libroDistribuidora pero que bien puede ser aplicable a éste: - Hoy día pasamos más tiempo frente a las computadoras que leyendo libros. Mucho se DSMha hablado sobre el porvenir de éstos y están apare- ciendo cada vez más en programas. No creo que por ahora los libros disminuyan, ni que nos tengamos que privar de la posibilidad de leer en las másDrago diversas circunstancias, privados de máquinas, por ejem- plo, en un tranquilohttp://www.dragodsm.com.ar jardín. Puede llegar tal vez el día en que un li- bro esté en un microscópico circuito electrónico implantado en nuestro aparato visual, pero mientras tanto, libros como éste segui- rán siendo de gran utilidad para estudiantes… Cincuenta años y el océano enorme de su conocimiento nos se- paran. Pero diez años de trabajo conjunto, la lectura de sus decenas de trabajos, cientos de experimentos, no pocas celebraciones, varias xiv In memoriam del Dr. Augusto Fernández-Guardiola publicaciones, varios viajes, tantas botellas de Whisky, innumera- bles sobremesas, interminables discusiones futboleras y literarias, nos acercaron. A pesar de los años que nos llevaba, se dio el lujo de no enveje- cer, de no volverse reaccionario, no doblarse ante las presiones del poder, no volverse mercenario de la ciencia, no tornarse cazador de famas, no abandonar la experimentación ni la búsqueda de cono- cimiento. Y nos dejó claro que hacer ciencia no es para entronarse, al contrario, esta labor se asume con el gusto de los artesanos, para seguirnos asombrando de lo que estamos desentrañando.Martín Cuando estando en el laboratorio nos avisaron de su muerte, San no hubo palabras. La noticia de que te quitaron a tu maestro y amigo, provoca ese estupor que no acaba de disiparse y arremete la convicción de que él es vagamente inmortal, estando más allá de los catarros o accidentes. Distribuidora Nos queda su legado, fuera- de modas y circunstancias que en el actual contexto se presentan. Los que lean este libro tendrán la oportunidad de asomarseDSM a una pequeña parcela del enorme cam- po que dejó para nosotros todos. Drago http://www.dragodsm.com.arAlejandro Valdés Cruz junio de 2004 Presentación as reflexiones teóricas en torno a la conciencia han estado presentes en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, L UNAM, desde que a finales de 1979 y principios de 1980 se
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