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Reconstruction Unit Study Guide Directions: Read each of the questions fully and answer them in COMPLETE SENTENCES on a separate sheet of paper.

1) How was the 14th Amendment designed to protect the rights of freedmen? Citizenship and equal protection under the law for African Americans was recognized. 2) What was the primary purpose of the Freedman's Bureau? It provided assistance to those affected by the war 3) How did the Presidential and Congressional plans for Reconstruction differ? The Congressional plan protected freedmen’s rights and Republican power 4) Describe the aims of President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction: To bring the southern states back into the Union quickly 5) What was the purpose of the 15th amendment? To give African Americans the right to vote 6) How did the Reconstruction Era affect African Americans in South Carolina? They became sharecroppers and were placed in a cycle of debt 7) How did Reconstruction affect small farmers that remained in South Carolina? They became angry and violent because they had to compete with black sharecroppers 8) How did Reconstruction end in South Carolina? There was a great deal of violence and political controversy 9) Who won the White House in 1877? Rutherford B. Hayes 10) What happened in 1877 that signified the official end of Reconstruction? Federal troops were withdrawn from the South 11) How did the crop lien system create a negative cycle for the freedmen? Freedmen were in constant debt and at the mercy of landowners 12) Which vigilante groups harassed African Americans during Reconstruction? KKK, Red Shirts, Riflemen 13) How did Southern Democrats react to the Hamburg Massacre? Democrats began a movement to “redeem” SC from the Republicans 14) Which vigilante group was responsible for the Hamburg Massacre? The Red Shirts 15) How did the Republican government significantly impact the Reconstruction period? For the first time, they established public schools for all children 16) How was overall wealth in South Carolina effected following the Civil War? Wealth decline greatly 17) Which group of people is described by the sentences in the box below? • They were against the Republican Party and the rights given to African Americans after the Civil War. • They were a loosely-organized political group who terrorized African Americans. • Their goals included political defeat of the Republican Party and absolute white supremacy. Kly Klux Klan 18) What was the purpose of the Constitution of 1868 (The Black Codes)? To restrict the rights of African Americans 19) Describe the central theme of the Reconstruction amendments? Equal treatment for all American citizens 20) What was the purpose of the Radical Republican Plan? To punish the South 21) How did Jim Crow laws affect the lives of African Americans during the late 19th and 20th centuries? They limited the social opportunities of African Americans through segregation Name: Date: Period:

22) How did Ben Tillman's leadership affect the lives of African Americans? His racist rhetoric led to the reemergence of the terrorism of the Reconstruction Era 23) What is disenfranchisement? To take away the right to vote 24) Why were “poll taxes” and “literacy tests” added to the voting procedure in South Carolina? To make it difficult for poor African Americans to vote 25) What was the purpose of the new set of Jim Crow Laws, that existed in South Carolina during the late 19th century? To restrict the rights of African Americans 26) The Supreme Court case known as Plessy v. Ferguson set the country back several decades because it upheld the laws of: Segregation 27) What was the most radical feature of the Constitution of 1895? It legalized Jim Crow Laws 28) Benjamin Tillman became one of the most influential men in the state by supporting issues such as: Tillman did not believe that blacks were equal to whites, and the law should not treat them that way 29) Who did Benjamin Tillman blame for the farmers’ problems? The Elite 30) How did South Carolina disenfranchise blacks? It required men to pay a poll tax six months before the election 31) Which of these groups would have been most supportive of the Populists? Farmers 32) How did Jim Crow Laws effect education? Separate schools for whites and African Americans 33) How did Jim Crow Laws effect restaurants? Restaurants were open for specific races 34) How did Jim Crow Laws effect transportation? Public transport had to have different sections for whites and African Americans 35) How did Jim Crow Laws effect prisons? Prisoners were separated by race