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Rezultati Zaštitnih Arheoloških Istraživanja Kasnosrednjovjekovnoga Groblja Sa Stećcima Na Nalazištu Ričina (Posušje)

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Rezultati Zaštitnih Arheoloških Istraživanja Kasnosrednjovjekovnoga Groblja Sa Stećcima Na Nalazištu Ričina (Posušje) Starohrvatska prosvjeta UDK: 904:726.8](497.6)“653“ III. serija – svezak/vol. 46/2019. 726.8(497.6)“653“ Izvorni znanstveni rad Original scientific paper Maja Soldo Ministarstvo obrazovanja, znanosti, Rezultati zaštitnih kulture i športa ŽZH arheoloških istraživanja Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports, WHC kasnosrednjovjekovnoga Stjepana Radića 37b, BIH – 88220 Široki Brijeg groblja sa stećcima na [email protected] nalazištu Ričina (Posušje) 167 Tino Tomas Odjel za arheologiju Rad donosi rezultate zaštitnih arheoloških istraživanja provedenih na Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Mostaru nalazištu Ričina (općina Posušje). Riječ je kasnosrednjovjekovnome gro- Department of Archaeology blju sa stećcima. Arheološka građa koja se analizira dobivena je istraži- Faculty of Humanities vanjem dvaju stećka. Najveći doprinos ovog istraživanja svakako je či- and Social Sciences, University of Mostar njenica da ona upotpunjuju dosad malobrojne podatke (dobivene putem Matice hrvatske b.b., arheoloških istraživanja i antropološkom analizom humane osteološke BIH – 88 000 Mostar građe) koji se odnose na prostor zapadne Hercegovine u kasnom sred- [email protected] njem vijeku. Ključne riječi: groblje sa stećcima, kasni srednji vijek, arheološko istraživanje, antropološka analiza Results of rescue archaeological investigations of late mediaeval graveyard with stećci tombstones at Ričina site (Posušje) This paper presents the results of archaeological rescue investigations conducted at the site of Ričina (the Municipality of Posušje). It concerns a late mediaeval graveyard with stećci tombstones. The archaeologi- cal material under analysis was acquired by investigation of two stećci. The greatest contribution of this investigation is definitely the fact that it complements the earlier scarce information (obtained by archaeological investigations and anthropological analyses of human osteological ma- terial) concerning the area of west Herzegovina in the Late Middle Ages. Keywords: graveyard with stećci, Late Middle Ages, archaeological investigation, anthropological analysis Maja SOLDO, Tino TOMAS Results of rescue archaeological investigations of late mediaeval graveyard with stećci ... 168 Sl. 1. Pogled na tzv. glavnu skupinu stećaka prije početka istraživanja Fig. 1 View of the so-called main group of stećci before the investigation Nalazište Ričina smješteno je u mjestu Čitluku, The Ričina site is located in the town of Čitluk, općina Posušje, uz desnu stranu magistralne ceste the Municipality of Posušje, by the right side of the Posušje-Tomislavgrad (karte 1 i 2).1 Radi se o gro- Posušje–Tomislavgrad trunk road (maps 1 and 2).1 blju sa stećcima, tipičnoj vrsti nalazišta funeralnog It is a graveyard with stećci, a typical site of funeral karaktera iz kasnosrednjovjekovnog razdoblja kul- character from the late mediaeval period of the cul- turne makroregije. Osim najmarkantnije, odnosno tural macroregion. In addition to the most striking, vizualno najistaknutije skupine stećaka, smještene i.e. visually most notable group of stećci, located 35 metara sjeverno od kamenog mosta na Ričini, 35 metres north of the stone bridge at the Ričina, as koja je predmetom zaštitnog istraživanja (sl. 1),2 na the objective of the research investigation (Fig. 1),2 promatranom prostoru dokumentirane su još dvije two more groups of stećci have been recorded in the skupine stećaka (sl. 2). Jedna je smještena u užem area under observation (Fig. 2). One is positioned prostoru aktivnoga rimokatoličkoga groblja „Riči- in the active Roman Catholic cemetery of “Ričina” na“ (200 metara istočno od glavne skupine stećaka), (200 metres east of the main group of stećci), while a druga je smještena na istaknutoj glavici (30 meta- the other lies on a prominent hill-top (30 metres ra jugozapadno od glavne skupine stećaka).3 south-west of the main group of stećci).3 1 U katastarskom je registru prostor na kojemu je smje- 1 The location of the site is recorded in the cadastre re- šteno nalazište uveden kao kč. 1379/1 K. O. Čitluk gister as kč. 1379/1 K.O. Čitluk (Posušje). (Posušje). 2 The research was supported by the Federal Ministry 2 Potporu istraživanjima dali su Federalno ministarstvo of Sports and Culture and the Municipality of Posušje. kulture i sporta i Općina Posušje. Istraživanja su pro- The research was conducted under guidance of Tino vedena pod vodstvom Tina Tomasa i Maje Soldo, a Tomas and Maja Soldo, while the expert team also u stručnom timu bile su i arheologinje Josipa Penava comprised archaeologists Josipa Penava and Katarina i Katarina Bešlić te student arheologije Tomislav Mi- Bešlić, as well as archaeology student Tomislav Mi- halj. Veliku pomoć pri istraživanju pružili su djelatnici halj. Substantial assistance during the research was JP Vodovod d. o. o. Posušje. Ovom prigodom svima provided by employees of the local water public utility još jedanput iskreno zahvaljujemo. JP Vodovod d.o.o. Posušje. We would hereby like to 3 Skupinu stećaka (ukupno 31 stećak) vezanu uz ak- sincerely thank everyone once again. tivno rimokatoličko groblje Ričina navodi u svojem 3 One group of stećci (31 in total), related to the active kataloško-topografskom pregledu i Šefik Bešlagić; Roman Catholic cemetery of Ričina, was also menti- ostale dvije skupine, unatoč izdvojenim i definiranim oned by Šefik Bešlagić in his catalogue-topographic prostornim okvirima, navodi kao jedinstvenu cjelinu overview. He referred to the other two groups as one (od ukupno 10 stećaka). Bešlagić 1971, str. 300-301. whole (consisting of 10 stećci in total), despite the- Maja SOLDO, Tino TOMAS Rezultati zaštitnih arheoloških istraživanja kasnosrednjovjekovnoga groblja sa stećcima na nalazištu ... Zbog svojeg istaknutog položaja i monumental- Because of its prominent position and the mon- nosti pojedinih primjeraka stećaka nalazište Ričina umentality of some stećci, the Ričina has been at- zarana počinje privlačiti pozornost autora. U litera- tracting the attention of authors for a very long time. turu Ričina ulazi sa Šematizmom fra Petra Bakule, The Ričina site was introduced in literature with koji spominje: „...nekoliko plemićkih uistinu odlič- friar Petar Bakula’s Shematismus, who mentioned: nih mauzoleja na obali potoka Ričine“. Isti autor u “...several noble truly remarkable mausoleums on kontekstu Ričine spominje i staru crkvu Uznesenja the banks of the Ričina stream”. The same author Blažene Djevice Marije.4 Crkvu na Ričini spomi- also refers to the old church of the Assumption of nje i Marko Vego, koji donosi podatak da je na tom the Blessed Virgin Mary.4 The church at Ričina was mjestu bila crkva posvećena sv. Mariji, dok mjesno also mentioned by Marko Vego, who related that stanovništvo čuva narodnu predaju o postojanju there had existed a church at the site, dedicated to srednjovjekovne crkvice sv. Ružice.5 Kao prepo- St. Mary, while the local population has preserved znatljivu kulturno-povijesnu vizuru Posušja nalazi- in folk memory tales of the existence of a mediaeval šte Ričinu spominje i lokalni učitelj Nikola Bari- church of St. Rose.5 Nikola Barišić, a local teacher, 6 šić 1892. godine u Glasniku Zemaljskog muzeja. noted in the 1892 publication of Glasnik Zemaljskog Na isto nalazište referira se i već spomenuti Šefik muzeja that the Ričina site was a remarkable cultur- 169 Bešlagić.7 Nadalje, u Arheološkom leksikonu Bosne al and historical sight of Posušje.6 Šefik Bešlagić i Hercegovine Nada Miletić, donoseći podatke o also referred to the same site.7 Furthermore, Nada Ričini, bilježi da se na prapovijesnoj gomili nalaze Miletić presented information on the Ričina site in stećci te ukupno navodi njih deset. U užem prostor- the Arheološki leksikon Bosne i Hercegovine and nom kontekstu stećaka N. Miletić donosi i podat- pointed out ten stećci in total on a prehistoric cairn. ke o tragovima temelja neke građevine (crkve) te In a narrower spatial context of stećci, N. Miletić tragovima uništene grobne arhitekture u profilu re- added information on traces of foundations belong- centnog puta.8 Na prostoru koji je bio predmetom ing to a structure (church), as well as on marks of arheoloških istraživanja nisu detektirani ostatci ar- devastated tomb architecture in a section of a recent hitekture koje spominju navedeni autori. Činjenica road.8 No remains of the architecture as mentioned je kako se pod položajem Ričina podrazumijeva by the above authors have been found in the area znatno širi prostor od istraživanog, te stoga i ostatke covered by the archaeological investigations. It is sakralne arhitekture možemo očekivati na nekom a fact that the location of Ričina enfolds a consid- drugom položaju obuhvaćenom toponimom Ričina, erably wider area than the one investigated, and najizglednije u okviru aktivnoga rimokatoličkoga thus we can expect remains of sacred architecture groblja Ričina, konkretno, na užem prostoru gro- in some other location covered by the place-name bljanske kapelice. Ričina, most likely within the active Roman Catho- U kontekstu kasnosrednjovjekovnog nalazišta lic cemetery, specifically in the narrow area of the Ričina važno je spomenuti i podatke iz povijesnih graveyard chapel. izvora koji se dijelom možda referiraju na proma- In the context of the late mediaeval site of Riči- trani prostor. Posušje se prvi put u pisanim izvorima na it is also important to mention information from spominje u aktima Sinjskog sabora iz godine 1378., historical sources which partly possibly refer to the kada Margareta, udovica Ivana Nelipića, saziva area
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