Study Abroad: Student Essays and Research
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SIT Occasional Papers Series Addressing Intercultural Education, Training & Service (Available in Print and Electronic Formats) Study Abroad: Student Essays and Research Issue Number 3 WORLD LEARNING SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING THE EXPERIMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LIVING PROJECTS IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING Winter 2002 EDITORIAL BOARD SERIES EDITOR PRESIDENT, WORLD LEARNING Alvino E. Fantini James A. Cramer Department of Teacher Language Education, SIT EDITORIAL SUPPORT Jerry Goldberg ASSOCIATE EDITOR Vice President, Communications Rebecca Hovey Study Abroad, SIT Gregg J. Orifici Creative Services and Communications COPY EDITORS Debra Blake COVER DESIGN AND PAGE LAYOUT Language and Culture Center, SIT Martha E. Raines Creative Services and Communications Jane Buckingham Department of Student Services, SIT Patricia Williams Creative Services and Communications EDITORIAL BOARD Debra Blake WEBSITE & ELECTRONIC FORMAT Language and Culture Center, SIT John Levin Information Technology Center Jane Buckingham Department of Student Services, SIT Rebecca Hovey Study Abroad, SIT Jerrold Keilson Projects in International Development and Training Spencer Moser The Experiment in International Living Marla Solomon Global Issues and Intercultural Management, SIT Copyright © 2002, School for International Training, Brattleboro, Vermont 05302 USA ISSN No. 1530-8332 ii ABOUT THIS SERIES The SIT Occasional Papers Series (SIT/OPS) is dedicated to advancing knowledge, skills, and awareness of theory and practice in the fields of intercultural communication, language education, development, training, and service. The Series presents items of interest to educators, trainers, practitioners, researchers, and students. These include essays, articles, reports of research and evaluations, as well as information about World Learning, SIT, Projects in International Development and Training, The Experiment in International Living and the international federation to which it belongs. This publication is available in print and in an electronic format accessible through the School for International Training Website at www.sit.edu/publications. About Copyright: Authors submitting manuscripts agree to transfer copyright for their article to the publisher, the School for International Training, when accepted for publication. Copyright covers exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article in print and electronic formats, including reprints, photographic reproductions, microfilm, or any other reproductions and translations. Readers may print a hard copy of the electronic version for their own personal use. However, no part of the publication may be further reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (e.g., electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tapes, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without written permission from the Series editor. Permission to reprint does not extend to copying for general distribution, for sale, for promotion, for creating new works, or for research. Specific additional written permission must be secured for these purposes. The Series Editorial Board strives to avoid inaccurate or misleading data; however, opinions or statements appearing in these publications, as well as data and opinions contained in the articles remain the responsibility of each contributor concerned. Accordingly, the SIT/OPS editorial board and its parent institution, together with its officers and agents, accept no responsibility or liability for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinions, or statements. SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING Kipling Road, Brattleboro, Vermont 05302-0676 USA Telephone (802) 257-7751 Fax (802) 258-3316 Email [email protected] www.sit.edu iii iv SIT Occasional Papers Series Addressing Intercultural Education, Training & Service (Available in Print and Electronic Formats) Study Abroad: Student Essays and Research WORLD LEARNING SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING THE EXPERIMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LIVING PROJECTS IN INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING Issue 3 Winter 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix ABOUT STUDY ABROAD 1 About This Issue: Student Essays and Research 3 by Rebecca Hovey Education Abroad: An Overview 5 by John G. Sommer Academic Mobility Programs and Intercultural Competence 15 by Alvino E. Fantini STUDENT ESSAYS 21 Semana Santa Friday (Ecuador) 23 by Freeman T. Rogers Reflections from the Girls’ Ocean (Samoa) 31 by Shannon M. Sonenstein v The Dead Arise: Cases of Death and Return (Tibet) 41 by Joseph K. Langerfeld CASE STUDIES AND RESEARCH PROJECTS 55 Participation for Positive Change: A Case Study of Intra-City Relationships 57 in Bulawayo (Zimbabwe) by Jeffrey R. Clark Perspectives on the Northern Ireland’s Women’s Coalition (Northern Ireland) 69 by Mark Hoffman Economic Reconstruction and Development in South East Europe: A Stability Pact (Europe) 85 by Lukas Loncko Turning Their Backs on the Menino dos Olhos do Brasil: 99 Upper Class Resistance to the Dengue Campaign (Brazil) by Louise E. Vaz The Nationality Investigations: Discourses of Equality and 113 Evolution in China’s Minority Policy (China) by Blake Stone-Banks OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST 125 About the Contributors 127 About World Learning 131 Our Worldwide Connection: 135 The Federation of The Experiment in International Living SIT’s Study Abroad Activities 139 Selected Publications on Study Abroad 141 Publications about World Learning 155 Relevant Website Information 157 Issues of the SIT Occasional Papers 158 SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING Kipling Road, P.O. Box 676, Brattleboro, Vermont 05302-0676 USA Telephone (802) 257-7751 Fax (802) 258-3316 Email [email protected] www.sit.edu vi PREFACE The inaugural issue of the SIT Occasional Papers Series, titled “About Our Institution” (Spring 2000), was dedicated to telling the story of World Learning by providing a comprehensive view of this fascinating organization. For many, World Learning is a difficult organization to grasp, given its various divisions and its continually changing nature. In fact, a defining characteristic of the institution has always been its ability to adapt readily in response to changing conditions and needs throughout the world. World Learning is truly a one-of-a-kind institution. This becomes clear as one learns more about its activities and the principles on which they are based. World Learning will continue to innovate and provide transformational experiences as long as it is responsive to the world’s ever-changing needs in its own creative, dynamic, and interculturally sensitive way, while keeping true to its mission. This third issue focuses on one aspect of World Learning – its Study Abroad Programs. This unit, administered through the School for International Training in Brattleboro, Vermont, has provided academic mobility programs around the globe for over a quarter century – in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Russia, Latin America and the Caribbean region, and in other parts of the world – furthering the institutional mission by providing intercultural academic experiences for college students. Several general articles introduce the Study Abroad Program, followed by a collection of articles representing a sampling of some of the work accomplished by college undergraduate students participating in Study Abroad Programs. In the last section (Other Items of Interest), a summary of “Study Abroad Activities” provides further information about the range and scope of these activities. Finally, “Selected Publications on Study Abroad” are included to familiarize newcomers to this field with some of the relevant literature of the field. Our hope is that this publication will help the reader learn about the Study Abroad experience and its effect on student participants and the quality of their essays and research papers. Alvino E. Fantini, Series Editor vii viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The preparation of any publication invariably depends on the good will, help, and support of many individuals. Such is the case in producing this issue of the SIT Occasional Papers Series. First of all, I would like to acknowledge the good will, help, and support of Dr. James A. Cramer, President of World Learning. Without his interest and encouragement, this Series would never have gotten off the ground. In addition, it is important to recognize a number of individuals who played a key role in bringing this issue to life: First of all, Christopher Deegan, Director of Area Studies, Study Abroad, who provided the inspiration for this special focus issue on students works; Rebecca Hovey, Dean, Study Abroad, and Associate Editor for this issue, for her willingness to be part of this effort (not realizing in advance, I’m sure, the amount of time and work involved) and who, as such, was responsible for compiling the selected articles; Sue Barnum, Assistant to the Dean, Study Abroad, who provided considerable administrative assistance to both Rebecca and me throughout this process; John Sommer, former Dean, Study Abroad, for his willingness to adapt an earlier article for use in this issue; Marla Solomon, SIT Faculty member, Debra Blake, Language Coordinator, Language and Culture Center at SIT, and Jane Buckingham, Coordinator of Counseling and Disability Support, Department of Student Services, for their role in reviewing the articles; Shirley Capron and Pamela Contakos, Research Librarians, for their help in researching a variety of often challenging reference questions; Debra Blake, Language Coordinator,