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Family Type and Incidence
EVER TOWARDS THE SETTING SUN THEY PUSH US: AMERICAN INDIAN IDENTITY IN THE WRITINGS OF MARY ALICIA OWEN _______________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts _____________________________________________________ by GREG OLSON Dr. Susan Flader, Thesis Supervisor Dr. Jeffrey Pasley, Thesis Supervisor JULY 2009 The undersigned, approved by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled EVER TOWARDS THE SETTING SUN THEY PUSH US: AMERICAN INDIAN IDENTITY IN THE WRITINGS OF MARY ALICIA OWEN Presented by Greg Olson A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts And hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Susan Flader Professor Jeffery Pasley Professor Joanna Hearne To Rebecca Schroeder, who introduced me to the work of Mary Alicia Owen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my thesis committee for their support, suggestions, and dedication. Their patience and guidance were critical in helping me complete this project. This thesis began as a research paper, which I wrote for Dr. Robert Collins in a history seminar at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Thanks to Dr. Collins and to my fellow students for their ideas and suggestions. I would also like to thank Dr. R. Lee Lyman, chair of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Missouri-Columbia, for taking the time to comment on an early version of this thesis. Thanks also to Bill Stolz at the Western Historical Manuscripts Collection- Columbia, to Kate Kiel and Linda Endersby at the Missouri State Museum, and to the staff of the special collections department of the Missouri Western State University Library for their help in steering me to many of the primary sources used in this project. -
Constitution of the Shawnee Tribe
CONSTITUTION OF THE SHAWNEE TRIBE PREAMBLE We, the members of the Shawnee Tribe (formerly incorporated by agreement dated June 7, 1869, and approved on June 9, 1869, with the Cherokee Nation,) desire to retain our separate identity in order to preserve our Tribal culture and ensure tranquility among the Tribal members, whereby we may prosper with economic independence and social advancement. The Shawnee Tribe is an inseparable part of the United States. Therefore, we accept the United States Constitution as the supreme law of the land, and the Shawnee Tribe will not attempt to implement any laws, rules, or regulations in conflict with the Constitution of the United States of America. ARTICLE I - NAME The name of this Tribe shall be Shawnee Tribe, recognizing however that we are the same people and Tribe who have been called, variously, the “Ohio Shawnee”; the “Cherokee Shawnee”; the “Shawnee Cherokee”; the “United Tribe of Shawnee”; and the “Loyal Shawnee.” ARTICLE II—TERRITORY AND JURISDICTION The sovereign authority and jurisdiction of the Shawnee Tribe shall extend to all the territory now or ever known as SHAWNEE LANDS, which includes lands within the boundaries of the State of Oklahoma not within the boundaries of the Cherokee Nation; or within the Cherokee Nation if approved by the Cherokee Nation; the original Shawnee Reservation within the boundaries of the Kansas Territory, now known as the State of Kansas; all Indian lands beneficially owned by the current and future members of the Shawnee Tribe; all lands which may be acquired by the Shawnee Tribe for its land base; and all Indian Country of the Shawnee Tribe and its members as now or hereafter defined by federal law. -
Tribal and House District Boundaries
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribal Boundaries and Oklahoma House Boundaries ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 22 ! 18 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cimarron ! ! ! ! 14 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11 ! ! Texas ! ! Harper ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! n ! ! Beaver ! ! ! ! Ottawa ! ! ! ! Kay 9 o ! Woods ! ! ! ! Grant t ! 61 ! ! ! ! ! Nowata ! ! ! ! ! 37 ! ! ! g ! ! ! ! 7 ! 2 ! ! ! ! Alfalfa ! n ! ! ! ! ! 10 ! ! 27 i ! ! ! ! ! Craig ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 26 s ! ! Osage 25 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 16 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! W ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 58 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 38 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes by House District ! 11 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 Absentee Shawnee* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Woodward ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! 36 ! Apache* ! ! ! 40 ! 17 ! ! ! 5 8 ! ! ! Rogers ! ! ! ! ! Garfield ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 40 ! ! ! ! ! 3 Noble ! ! ! Caddo* ! ! Major ! ! Delaware ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! Mayes ! ! Pawnee ! ! ! 19 ! ! 2 41 ! ! ! ! ! 9 ! 4 ! 74 ! ! ! Cherokee ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ellis ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 41 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 72 ! ! ! ! ! 35 4 8 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5 3 42 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 77 -
Indian Lands of Federally Recognized Tribes of the United States
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Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 155/Tuesday, August 11, 2020
48556 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 155 / Tuesday, August 11, 2020 / Notices CO 80205, telephone (303) 370–6056, SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is Affairs; performed a skeletal and email [email protected], by here given in accordance with the dentition analysis on October 25, 1995. September 10, 2020. After that date, if Native American Graves Protection and Although the exact date or pre-contact no additional requestors have come Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. period associated with this site is forward, transfer of control of the 3003, of the completion of an inventory unknown, as no reliable temporal human remains and associated funerary of human remains under the control of indictors were recovered or recorded, objects to The Tribes may proceed. the Bruce Museum, Greenwich, CT. The the Shorakapock site is well The Denver Museum of Nature & human remains were removed from the documented in the New York Science and the U.S. Department of Shorakapock Site in Inwood Hill Park, archeological and historical literature. Agriculture, Forest Service, Gila New York County, NY. Records from 17th and 18th century National Forest are responsible for This notice is published as part of the documents indicate at least five notifying The Tribes that this notice has National Park Service’s administrative settlements may been located within or been published. responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 near the Inwood Hill Park vicinity. According to The Cultural Landscape Dated: July 7, 2020. U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of Foundation, the site was inhabited by Melanie O’Brien, the Lenape tribe through the Manager, National NAGPRA Program. -
Near the Edge: Language Revival from the Brink of Extinction
NEAR THE EDGE: LANGUAGE REVIVAL FROM THE BRINK OF EXTINCTION James Rementer, Language Director The Delaware Tribe, Bartlesville, Oklahoma and Bruce L. Pearson, University of South Carolina 1. Introduction. The authors have spent close to forty years, individually and often collaboratively, working on three Native American languages. Our experiences are fairly typical of people who become involved in Indian languages, whether they are born into a tribal community or come as outsiders. The three languages are Delaware and Shawnee, both Algonquian, and Wyandotte, and Iroquoian language. Although the focus of this conference is on Algonquian languages, the threat of extinction is common to all native languages regardless of family identity. These three languages themselves represent different stages common to threatened languages and typical responses within threatened language communities. The last speaker of Wyandotte died some 50 years ago. Delaware now has but one living native speaker, an elderly man whose health no longer permits him to actively pass on the language. The language is preserved by a few adults who have acquired limited fluency in recent years. Only Shawnee has native speakers still living although all are above age fifty. The attitudes toward language revival and the programs adopted to preserve the language differ in each community. These differences are based largely on the perceived degree of endangerment and community assumptions about what can be done to preserve the language and, more importantly, what should be done. We will describe the situation in these three communities starting with the one in which we have had the longest and most extensive involvement and proceeding to those in which we have had a lesser degree of involvement. -
Arbitration Award on Tribal I- Gaming with Non-US Players
TRIBAL GAMING Arbitration award on tribal i- gaming with non-US players amendment to their Compact the Tribe’s claim that internet An arbitration award by a sole authorising the type of internet gaming was permitted under the arbitrator recently approved a gaming ultimately addressed by the Compact13. The arbitrator defined submission by the State of Award, apparently, due to the belief the question in dispute and then Oklahoma and the Iowa Tribe of that the Compact required recognised there was no real Oklahoma as to the legality of amendment to lawfully include dispute: “This Arbitration involves such games. In the review process only the question of whether or internet gaming in which the server provided by the IRGA7, the not the Tribe is permitted pursuant is located on Indian lands in Department of the Interior (‘DOI’) to IGRA, the Tribal-State Gaming Oklahoma and the players are rejected the Compact on the basis Act, the Iowa Tribal Gaming located outside of the US. Graydon that the increased fees due the State Ordinance, and the Compact to were not justified by any offer and conduct covered games Dean Luthey, Jr., Partner at Gable meaningful concession from the through the use of the Internet Gotwals, discusses the award and State8. The parties agreed to using computer servers located on the questions it raises. another amendment providing for Tribal lands to players located fees equal to the exclusivity fees for outside the boundaries of other covered games. Again, the Oklahoma and the United States An arbitration award by a sole DOI rejected the amendment, this where such gaming is lawful. -
Federal Register/Vol. 82, No. 183/Friday, September 22, 2017
Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 183 / Friday, September 22, 2017 / Notices 44445 Oklahoma; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of • Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Indians, Oklahoma; Pawnee Nation of human remains described in this notice Oklahoma; and Ponca Tribe of Indians represent the physical remains of a National Park Service of Oklahoma. minimum of 79 individuals of Native [NPS–WASO–NAGPRA–NPS0023908: History and Description of the Remains American ancestry. PPWOCRADN0–PCU00RP14.R50000] • Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), In 1962, with follow-up work in 1963 Notice of Inventory Completion: New the 60 objects described in this notice and 1965, human remains representing, Jersey State Museum, Trenton, NJ at minimum, 79 individuals and are reasonably believed to have been associated objects were removed from placed with or near individual human AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. Calovich Mound (14WY7) in Wyandotte remains at the time of death or later as ACTION: Notice. County, KS. The human remains were part of the death rite or ceremony. removed during excavations as part of a • Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there SUMMARY: The New Jersey State University of Kansas field class under is a relationship of shared group Museum has completed an inventory of human remains and associated funerary the direction of Drs. William Bass and identity that can be reasonably traced objects, in consultation with the Robert Squier. The human remains were between the Native American human curated at the University of Kansas until appropriate Indian Tribes or Native remains and associated funerary objects 1975 when they were transferred to the Hawaiian organizations, and has physical anthropology laboratory at and the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and determined that there is a cultural Kansas State University for analysis. -
The Sauk Language of the Sac and Fox of Oklahoma
Language Preservation with the Help of Written Language: The Sauk Language of the Sac and Fox of Oklahoma KERSTIN MULLER REINSCHMIDT University of Tucson Ta ka we na nu ta ma. Ke ne no ta we?1 The chances of coming across a tribal member who can understand these phrases are small, because the tribe's main spoken language today is English. The Sac and Fox of Oklahoma2 have not been spared by history and share the fate of native language loss along with the majority of Indian communities across North America. Writing about the Mohawk language, Mithun and Chafe (1979:8) see the value of native languages as "the clearest symbols of their Indianness", and they ask: "Is such a loss inevitable, or, given the desire, can a community do something to retard or reverse it?" In this paper, I focus on Sauk orthography. Brandt (1988:328), who shows how linguists have served as consultants for North American tribes in various contexts, notes that "A central [context] is in orthography development and in teaching people to read and write their own languages."3 Within the contemporary context of literacy, Sauk needs to be visible as well as audible. Unfortunately, there has never been any agreement about the orthography to be used. While linguistic transcriptions vary from very detailed phonetic ones to more simplified phonemic representa tions, the Sac and Fox themselves have adopted what they call a "syllabic spelling" for their language. 1 "I speak a little Sauk. Do you understand?" The spelling is adopted from the Sac and Fox Primer Book (1977). -
Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians (Oklahoma Social Studies Standards, OSDE)
OKLAHOMA INDIAN TRIBE EDUCATION GUIDE Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians (Oklahoma Social Studies Standards, OSDE) Tribe: Absentee Shawnee (ab-SEN-tee shaw-NEE) Tribe of Indians Tribal website(s): http://www.astribe.com/ast ribe 1. Migration/movement/forced removal Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.3 “Integrate visual and textual evidence to explain the reasons for and trace the migrations of Native American peoples including the Five Tribes into present-day Oklahoma, the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and tribal resistance to the forced relocations.” Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.7 “Compare and contrast multiple points of view to evaluate the impact of the Dawes Act which resulted in the loss of tribal communal lands and the redistribution of lands by various means including land runs as typified by the Unassigned Lands and the Cherokee Outlet, lotteries, and tribal allotments.” ● Original Homeland - Northeastern United States, in the areas now known as as the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania ● Forced Removal: Treaties in the late 1700s and 1800s reveal the Shawnee had a large population. In 1793, some of the Shawnee Tribe's ancestors received a Spanish land grant at Cape Girardeau, Missouri. The 1803 Louisiana Purchase from France, brought this area under American control. In 1825, Congress ratified a treaty with the Shawnees living at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, due to encroaching colonial settlement. Shawnees ceding their Missouri lands for a 1.6 million-acre reservation in eastern Kansas. However, several years before this treaty was introduced, a group of Shawnees left Missouri to begin a journey south that led them into the territory of what is now the state of Texas, under the control of Spain. -
Public Law 94-189 94Th Congress an Act to Provide for the Disposition of Funds Appropriated to Pay Certain Indian Claims Dec
PUBLIC LAW 94-189—DEC. 31, 1975 89 STAT. 1093 Public Law 94-189 94th Congress An Act To provide for the disposition of funds appropriated to pay certain Indian Claims Dec. 31. 1975 Commission judgments in favor of the Sac and Fox Indians, and for other [H.R. 4016] purposes. Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following Indians. funds: Sac and Fox (1) the funds appropriated by the Act of October 21, 1968 Indians. Judgement funds. (82 Stat. 1190,1198), to pay a judgment to the Sac and Fox Tribe of Oklahoma and the Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa in Indian Claims Commission docket 219; (2) the funds appropriated by the Acts of July 6, 1970 (84 Stat. 376), and March 21, 1972 (86 Stat. 86), to pay judgments to the Sac and Fox Nation in Indian Claims Commission dockets 153 and 135, respectively; (3) any funds whioh are now or which may hereafter be appro priated to satisfy any final award of the Indian Claims Commis sion to the Sac and Fox Nation in dockets 158, 231, and 83; and (4) the amount of $20,421.78 from funds appropriated by the Act of June 12, 1975 (89 Stat. 193, 194), to pay a judgment to the Sac and Fox Nation in Indian Claims Commission docket 95, shall, together with interest earned thereon and after the payment of attorney fees and other litigation expenses, be distributed as here inafter provided. -
Tribal Justice United States Attorney’S Office Western District of Oklahoma
Tribal Justice United States Attorney’s Office Western District of Oklahoma Tribal Justice - Issue 2 UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFICE WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA Message from the United States Attorney 210 PARK AVENUE It has been a tremendously deliver a keynote address at the SUITE 400 exciting year for the Unit- opening ceremony of the 2012 OKLAHOMA CITY, OK ed States Attorney’s Office for the Sovereignty Symposium. Mr. 73102 405-553-8700 Western District of Oklahoma Cole’s address is included in this with regard to our efforts in Indian newsletter, and it was a true Country. In addition to our con- honor to host him in Oklahoma. tinued excellence in prosecuting He has asked me to thank, again, all those tribal leaders, political Inside this issue: crime, we have had great success in our outreach efforts and re- leaders and judges he met while Message from the 1 ceived several accolades. Our in Oklahoma for the hospitality U.S. Attorney commitment to public safety in he received. Indian Country remains strong, Dep. A.G. Cole 1 Speaks at Sovereignty and I want to thank all our law The Sovereignty Symposium was, Symposium enforcement partners that seek as usual, a great success and, also justice for American Indians on a as usual, included criminal justice Central Violations 2 daily basis. panel with representatives from Bureau Training all three United States Attorney’s Sanford C. Coats AGAC/NAIS Joint 2 In June 2012 the Deputy Attorney Offices in Oklahoma. Additional- Meeting at Wounded General of the United States, ly, Western District of Oklahoma United States Attorney Knee - July 2011 James Cole, came to Oklahoma to Assistant United (cont.