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Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees. -
ITINERARY for CONQUER KILIMANJARO - LUXURY - 2020 Tanzania
ITINERARY FOR CONQUER KILIMANJARO - LUXURY - 2020 Tanzania Let your imagination soar Journey overview Conquer Mount Kilimanjaro on this exceptional 9-day hiking adventure to the “Roof of Africa”. This once-in-a-lifetime journey, can be taken as a standalone tour or as an add-on to an East Africa safari. It will take you along the beautiful Machame Route to the summit of Kilimanjaro, where you will have the opportunity to rest at various campsites along the way. The hike is led by expert guides, with years of experience climbing this majestic mountain. You will also be assisted by a friendly crew of mountaineers to ensure your Kilimanjaro experience is truly unforgettable. The route winds through a spectacular array of landscapes, which include verdant afromontane forests, a heath zone of yellow helichrysum (also known as golden eternal flowers) and purple lobelia plants, alpine forests and glacial valleys, making for exceptional photographic opportunities. Highlights of this Itinerary The Machame Route is the most beautiful and scenic hike up Mount Kilimanjaro Reward yourself after conquering Kilimanjaro with a luxurious and relaxing stay on idyllic &Beyond Mnemba Island. Take in the incredible views from the Roof of Africa Make the most of your Adventure Discover the various stages of coffee production at a working plantation in Arusha Be sure to try Kilimanjaro Beer Don’t miss out on the opportunity to unwind on &Beyond Mnemba Island, one of the most romantic destinations in Africa. Add to your adventure with an incredible safari -
Mountains of the Moon
MOUNTAINS OF THE MOON Some names just resonate with mystery and one such place that does that for me is the Rwenzori or Mountains of the Moon, a spectacular equatorial range that straddles Uganda and the DRC. It has that ‘heart of Africa’ appeal, truly somewhere off the beaten path - and given the effort required to get there it’s no surprise so few tourists come here. Without doubt it is the domain of the serious trekker and climber, the trails penetrate dense mossy forests and climb steeply to breathless heights above the treeline, where the reward is some of the most remarkable alpine flora to be found anywhere. I undertook my own journey with a university friend. We walked first through sweaty sub-tropical forests where the striking orange tubes of Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus stood out from the dense undergrowth. Heavy bamboo dominated above this and then it was into the subalpine zone where the otherworldly stuff began. Gorgeous broad corymbs of Helichrysum formosissimum appeared, with silvery phyllaries blushed pink - surely the ultimate everlasting daisy. Then we reached the alpine zone. Dendrosenecio adnivalis Interestingly, as with the Espletia of the Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus northern Andes, the alpine equivalent here also belongs to Asteraceae. The dominant species in the Rwenzori (with similar species in other east African mountains) Dendrosenecio adnivalis, a magnificent plant that formed dense forests in places, clothing whole mountainsides. The most obvious difference between the two genera is Dendrosenecio branch and Espletia do not. I remember seeing a specimen of a Dendrosenecio at Kew, sitting beneath a strong sunlamp. -
Today, My Favorite Azalea Companion Plant of an Herbaceous Perennial Type Is
Today, My Favorite Azalea Companion Plant of an Herbaceous Perennial Type Is.... By William C. Miller III—Bethesda, Maryland This is the third in a series of “favorite” articles. The natural distribution, however, extends into The azaleas ‘Ambrosia’ and ‘Opal’ were previ- Canada and Mexico and private gardens across the ously identified as my favorite Glenn Dale and US where it is a very popular element in water and Linwood Hardy Hybrids respectively.1 It occurred rain gardens and might not be represented on the to me that it would be useful to expand my focus government map. It was introduced into Europe in to the rest of the plant kingdom, since very few the mid-1620s and has become naturalized. Since people have gardens that are limited to azaleas. it isn’t overly competitive, it is technically consid- Companion plants, often overlooked in the ered non-native rather than “invasive.” homeowner garden planning process, comprise a surprisingly significant feature in every garden. Lobelia, the Genus There is the canopy and the understory trees, above the azaleas, represented by the taller trees The genus was named after Matthias de l’Obel, (e.g., oak, beech, pine, maple) and the smaller a Flemish physician and botanist (1538-1616) by Charles Plumier, a French priest, botanist, and trees (e.g., dogwood, maple, redbud, and stewar- 2,3 tia). There are plants that share the profile level New World plant explorer (1646-1704). They with the azaleas (e.g., holly, viburnum, hydrangea, both were significant influences on Linnaeus who and other rhododendrons). Finally, there are the is often called the father of taxonomy. -
Chromosome Numbers of the East African Giant Senecios and Giant Lobelias and Their Evolutionary Significancei
American Journal of Botany 80(7): 847-853. 1993. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF THE EAST AFRICAN GIANT SENECIOS AND GIANT LOBELIAS AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCEI ERIC B. KNox2 AND ROBERT R, KOWAL Herbarium and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048; and Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1981 The gametophytic chromosome number for the giant senecios (Asteraceae, Senecioneae, Dendrosenecio) is n = 50, and for the giant lobelias (Lobeliaceae, Lobelia subgenus Tupa section Rhynchopetalumi it is n = 14. Previous sporophytic counts are generally verified, but earlier reports for the giant senecios of2n = 20 and ca. 80, the bases for claims ofintraspecific polyploidy, are unsubstantiated. The 14 new counts for the giant senecios and the ten new counts for the giant lobelias are the first garnetophytic records for these plants and include the first reports for six and four taxa, respectively, for the two groups. Only five of the II species of giant senecio and three of the 21 species of giant lobelia from eastern Africa remain uncounted. Although both groups are polyploid, the former presumably decaploid and the latter more certainly tetraploid, their adaptive radiations involved no further change in chromosome number. The cytological uniformity within each group, while providing circumstantial evidence ofmonophyly and simplifying interpretations ofcladistic analyses, provides neither positive nor negative support for a possible role of polyploidy in evolving the giant-rosette growth-form. Since their discovery last century, the giant senecios MATERIALS AND METHODS (Dendrosenecio; Nordenstam, 1978) and giant lobelias (Lobelia subgenus Tupa section Rhynchopetalum; Mab Excised anthers or very young flower buds of Lobelia berley, 1974b) of eastern Africa have attracted consid and immature heads of Dendrosenecio were fixed in the erable attention from taxonomists and evolutionary bi field in Carnoy's solution (3 chloroform: 2 absolute eth ologists (cf. -
Estudio De La Composición Del Aceite Esencial De Un Frailejón Híbrido
Articulo original Estudio de la composición del aceite esencial de un frailejón híbrido entre Espeletia schultzii y Coespeletia moritziana (Espeletiinae) Composition of the essential oil from a hybrid frailejon between Espeletia schultzii and Coespeletia moritziana (Espeletiinae) Ibáñez Jimena1 y Usubillaga Alfredo 2* 1 Postgrado Interdisciplinario de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. 2 Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela Recibido octubre 2008 - Aceptado febrero 2009 RESUMEN Aguila, was analyzed by gas chromatography (FID) and GC-MS. It was possible to identify 21 compounds El aceite esencial de una especie híbrida entre in the oil from the leaves, which made up 94.3% of Espeletia schultzii y Coespeletia moritziana, dos the oil and 18 compounds in the oil from the flowering especies de frailejón (Espeletiinae) que crecen stems which made up 93.5% of the oil. The most en el páramo Pico El Águila, se analizó mediante abundant constituent in the oil from the leaves was cromatografía de gases (FID) y cromatografía de α-pinene (30.4%). In the flowering stems α-pinene gases-masas. Se logró identificar 21 compuestos en el was also the most abundant compound (33.4%). aceite obtenido de las hojas que representan un 94,3 Other abundant components were α-phellandrene % y 18 compuestos en el aceite proveniente de los (21.4% and 14.4%), p-cymene (9.7% and 11.0%), tallos florales que constituyen el 93,5%. Tanto en el and β-pinene (9.0% and 10.9%). Monoterpenes aceite de las hojas como en el de los tallos florales, were 84.4% (leaves) and 80.0% (flowering stems) of el componente más abundante fue el α-pineno the hybrid´s oil. -
A New Species of Oidaematophorus (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) from Chingaza National Natural Park in Colombia
TENNENT ET AL.: New species of Epimastidia and Paraduba HERNÁNDEZ ET AL.: New species of Oidaematophorus TROP. LEPID. RES., 24(1): 15-21, 2014 15 A NEW SPECIES OF OIDAEMATOPHORUS (LEPIDOPTERA: PTEROPHORIDAE) FROM CHINGAZA NATIONAL NATURAL PARK IN COLOMBIA Linda C. Hernández1, Luz Stella Fuentes2a, Gonzalo E. Fajardo2b, and Deborah L. Matthews3 1Departamento de Entomología, Centro de Bio-Sistemas Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano., Bogotá, Colombia, [email protected]; 2Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano., Bogotá, Colombia, [email protected], [email protected]; 3McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, [email protected] Abstract - Oidaematophorus espeletiae, sp. nov., is described from the Chingaza páramo in Colombia. The life history, external characters of the adult, male and female genitalia, final instar larva, and pupa are described and illustrated. This moth species is widely distributed in the páramo. Larvae cause damage in meristem leaves of frailejones (Espeletia spp., Asteraceae). Identification and continuing studies of this moth are important to determine its potential role in the reported death of numerous frailejones in the area. The hosts, Espeletia grandiflora and E. uribei are some of the keystone species of the páramo ecosytem. Resumen - Se describe Oidaematophorus espeletiae, sp. nov del páramo de Chingaza, Colombia. Se describen e ilustran la historia de vida, caracteres externos del adulto, genitalia de macho y hembra, último instar larval, y pupa. Esta polilla se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en el páramo. Las larvas ocasionan daños en las hojas del meristemo de los frailejones (Espeletia spp., Asteraceae). -
Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NCTMBER 52 Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae Harold Robinson, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, andJames F. Weedin SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1981 ABSTRACT Robinson, Harold, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, and James F. Weedin. Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae. Smithsonian Contri- butions to Botany, number 52, 28 pages, 3 tables, 1981.-Chromosome reports are provided for 145 populations, including first reports for 33 species and three genera, Garcilassa, Riencourtia, and Helianthopsis. Chromosome numbers are arranged according to Robinson’s recently broadened concept of the Heliantheae, with citations for 212 of the ca. 265 genera and 32 of the 35 subtribes. Diverse elements, including the Ambrosieae, typical Heliantheae, most Helenieae, the Tegeteae, and genera such as Arnica from the Senecioneae, are seen to share a specialized cytological history involving polyploid ancestry. The authors disagree with one another regarding the point at which such polyploidy occurred and on whether subtribes lacking higher numbers, such as the Galinsoginae, share the polyploid ancestry. Numerous examples of aneuploid decrease, secondary polyploidy, and some secondary aneuploid decreases are cited. The Marshalliinae are considered remote from other subtribes and close to the Inuleae. Evidence from related tribes favors an ultimate base of X = 10 for the Heliantheae and at least the subfamily As teroideae. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIESCOVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllumjaponicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Chromosome numbers in Compositae, XII. -
Ficha Catalográfica Online
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA – IB SUZANA MARIA DOS SANTOS COSTA SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN CRYPTANGIEAE (CYPERACEAE) ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS E SISTEMÁTICOS EM CRYPTANGIEAE CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO 2018 SUZANA MARIA DOS SANTOS COSTA SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN CRYPTANGIEAE (CYPERACEAE) ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS E SISTEMÁTICOS EM CRYPTANGIEAE Thesis presented to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Plant Biology Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em Biologia Vegetal ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA Suzana Maria dos Santos Costa E ORIENTADA PELA Profa. Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral (UNICAMP) E CO- ORIENTADA pelo Prof. William Wayt Thomas (NYBG). Orientadora: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral Co-Orientador: William Wayt Thomas CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CNPq, 142322/2015-6; CAPES Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Costa, Suzana Maria dos Santos, 1987- C823s CosSystematic studies in Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae) / Suzana Maria dos Santos Costa. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. CosOrientador: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral. CosCoorientador: William Wayt Thomas. CosTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Cos1. Savanas. 2. Campinarana. 3. Campos rupestres. 4. Filogenia - Aspectos moleculares. 5. Cyperaceae. I. Amaral, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do, 1958-. II. Thomas, William Wayt, 1951-. III. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. IV. Título. -
History and Evolution of the Afroalpine Flora
Alpine Botany https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-021-00256-9 REVIEW History and evolution of the afroalpine fora: in the footsteps of Olov Hedberg Christian Brochmann1 · Abel Gizaw1 · Desalegn Chala1 · Martha Kandziora2 · Gerald Eilu3 · Magnus Popp1 · Michael D. Pirie4 · Berit Gehrke4 Received: 27 February 2021 / Accepted: 10 May 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The monumental work of Olov Hedberg provided deep insights into the spectacular and fragmented tropical alpine fora of the African sky islands. Here we review recent molecular and niche modelling studies and re-examine Hedberg’s hypotheses and conclusions. Colonisation started when mountain uplift established the harsh diurnal climate with nightly frosts, acceler- ated throughout the last 5 Myr (Plio-Pleistocene), and resulted in a fora rich in local endemics. Recruitment was dominated by long-distance dispersals (LDDs) from seasonally cold, remote areas, mainly in Eurasia. Colonisation was only rarely followed by substantial diversifcation. Instead, most of the larger genera and even species colonised the afroalpine habitat multiple times independently. Conspicuous parallel evolution occurred among mountains, e.g., of gigantism in Lobelia and Dendrosenecio and dwarf shrubs in Alchemilla. Although the alpine habitat was ~ 8 times larger and the treeline was ~ 1000 m lower than today during the Last Glacial Maximum, genetic data suggest that the fora was shaped by strong intermountain isolation interrupted by rare LDDs rather than ecological connectivity. The new evidence points to a much younger and more dynamic island scenario than envisioned by Hedberg: the afroalpine fora is unsaturated and fragile, it was repeatedly disrupted by the Pleistocene climate oscillations, and it harbours taxonomic and genetic diversity that is unique but severely depauperated by frequent bottlenecks and cycles of colonisation, extinction, and recolonisation. -
Géologie Et Biodiversité Végétale Quelques Rappels
Géologie et Biodiversité végétale Quelques rappels Modifications climatiques Isolement géographique génèrent de la biodiversité Rift Est-Africain : Longueur : 6000 km Ecartement : 1 cm/an Début : il y a 20 MA Sommets : Volcans sauf Rwenzori Ages : 2 à 3 Ma Kili : activité récente Meru : encore actif Petite parenthèse Cette région est considérée comme le berceau de l’humanité Théorie développée par Yves Coppens… Mais… Mais revenons à la botanique… avec les Seneçons géants Du genre Dendrosenecio Dendrosenecio adnivalis 11 espèces. erici-rosenii elgonensis Initialement comprises dans le genre Senecio cheranganensis Se rencontrent entre 2500 m et 4600 m sur brassiciformis les montagnes d’Afrique de l’Est. battiscombei keniodendron keniensis kilimandjari Senecio ovatus (Seneçon de Fuchs) johnstonii meruensis Dendrosenecio adnivalis Rwenzori erici-rosenii elgonensis Elgon cheranganensis Cherangani brassiciformis battiscombei Aderb . keniodendron Kenya keniensis kilimandjari Kilimandjaro johnstonii meruensis Meru Dendrosenecio adnivalis Rwenzori erici-rosenii elgonensis Elgon cheranganensis Cherangani brassiciformis battiscombei Aderb . keniodendron Kenya keniensis kilimandjari Kilimandjaro johnstonii meruensis Meru Mt Stanley 5109 m Rwenzori Lobelia 3500 m 3800 m Lobelia deckenii Dendrosenecio keniensis 4500 m Lobelia telekiii 4300 m Dendrosenecio keniodendron Kilimandjaro 4000 m Dendrosenecio kilimandjari Lien de parenté avec les genres proches: Euryops brownei Cineraria deltoidea Dendrosenecio Le genre Dendrosenecio est très isolé, les genres -
Alpine Plant Communities of Mt. Elgon. - an Altitutdinal Transect Along the Koitoboss Route
JOURNAL OF THE EAST AFRICA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY AND NATIONAL MUSEUMS December 1987 VOLUME 76, No. 190 ALPINE PLANT COMMUNITIES OF MT. ELGON. - AN ALTITUTDINAL TRANSECT ALONG THE KOITOBOSS ROUTE E. Beckl, H. Rehder2, E.D. Schulze3 and J.O. Kokwar04 ABSTRACT The afroalpine vegetation of Mt. Elgon was studied along an altitudinal transect ranging from the montane forest up to the summit of koitoboss (13,880 ft.).• Since, due to recurrent fires, the boundary between the lower Ericaceous and the alpine belt is an interlocking one, both vegetation girdles were encompassed in the studies. The Ericaceous belt can be divided into a woodland and bush storey. The former, with respect to the species encountered represents a transition zone from the montane forest to the microphyllous bush vegetation. The latter was designated as Ericaceous bush and exhibits various indications of former fires, thus rather reflecting different stages of regeneration than a climax vegetation. Within the alpine belt tussock grassland and two types of Carex bog form a lower storey. The vegetation of the upper zone is characterized by a field layer of predominantly Alchemi/la elgonensis and thus could be address as Alchemilla scrub. However, according to the accompanying species several types ofthis crub were distinguished: a Hel;chrysum scrub which was found on shallow soil covering volcanic rock slabs; an Euryops bush, bordering the so-called Dendrosenecio woodland vegetation. The latter was divided into a Dendrosenecio elgonensis-Community on moist soil and a Dendrosenecio barbatipes-Community covering the well-drained steeper slopes of the caldera rim. INTRODUCTION Mt. Elgon (14, 178ft.) is one ofthe seven East African high mountains exhibiting alpine vegetation.