Kangaroo Island Plan A volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy
January 2011
Kangaroo Island Plan A volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy
This document is the Kangaroo Island Plan. The document has been prepared by the South Australian Government, through the Department of Planning and Local Government, as a volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy pursuant to section 22 of the Development Act 1993 and is subject to change.
For further information Please visit www.dplg.sa.gov.au or telephone the Department of Planning and Local Government on 08 8303 0600.
Disclaimer While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that this document is correct at the time of publication, the Minister for Urban Development and Planning, the State of South Australia, its agencies, instrumentalities, employees and contractors disclaim any and all liability to any person in respect to anything or the consequence of anything done or omitted to be done in reliance upon the whole or any part of this document.
© Government of South Australia. Published 2011. All rights reserved.
ISBN 978-0-7590-0132-9 FIS 23122
iii
Ms ini ter for Urban Development and Planning
A message from Paul Holloway
Kangaroo Island’s international In line with the SASP objective Realising the objectives of reputation far exceeds its of maintaining the regions’ share the Plan during the next relatively small size—just 4400 of the state’s population, the three decades will require a square kilometres—and modest Kangaroo Island Plan adopts a continuing community-wide population. target that will help sustain steady approach and commitment to Renowned for its pristine economic growth through to 2036. maximising the island’s liveability, environment, abundant wildlife To ensure the greatest benefit for competitiveness, sustainability and unique food products, current and future residents, the and resilience in the face of a the island attracts thousands Plan indicates where new housing, carbon-constrained future. of visitors from Australia and industry and commercial activity overseas each year. should be best located (and not As we begin 2011, Kangaroo located), outlines the different Island is ready for economic and roles and functions of towns population growth. and settlements, and addresses issues such as the interface Much of this growth is already between industrial, commercial occurring in the primary and residential areas. Paul Holloway production sector, with great Minister for Urban Development potential to further expand high- The Plan also identifies the and Planning value crops and niche agricultural potential effects of growth and products and to build on the climate change on the island’s island’s ‘clean, green’ attributes. environmental assets, including unique ecosystems and Tourism, too, is growing with new biodiversity, and sets out land-use investment in accommodation, principles and policies to guide services and infrastructure. The development that will support the challenge is to balance this protection and management of growth with protection of the those critical assets. natural and cultural features that make Kangaroo Island so special. The Kangaroo Island Plan is the result of close collaboration Now, for the first time in its history, among representatives from state Kangaroo Island has a dedicated government, the Kangaroo Island volume of the South Australian council, regional development and Planning Strategy to guide land natural resources management use and development. The bodies, communities and Kangaroo Island Plan, together industries. with seven other regional volumes in the Strategy, provides a dynamic spatial expression of South Australia’s Strategic Plan (SASP).
v The regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy provide a link between broad, statewide planning aims and local, council-specific planning needs. They give direction on land use and development, outline where people are likely to live so that agencies can plan for the provision of services and infrastructure, and set out policies to manage changes in population and climate. Local councils, the state government and regional development and natural resources management bodies are working with communities and industry to develop effective strategies that will lead to a sustainable future. They recognise that population growth and economic prosperity must be balanced with preservation of the environment and retention of the heritage, history and character of regional communities to attract and retain skilled workers and for the benefit of future generations. Ta ble of Contents
Chapter A overvIEW 1 Background 2 The role of the South Australian Planning Strategy ...... 2 The objectives of the regional volumes 4 Alignment with state government policies 4 How the regional volumes will work at regional and local government levels . . . . . 5 Planning for change in regional South Australia ...... 5
Chapter b tHE CONTEXT FOR THE PLAN 9 Kangaroo Island at a glance ...... 10 Key issues for Kangaroo Island ...... 11
Chapter C tHE VISION FOR THE KANGAROO ISLAND 13 An integrated approach 14
Chapter D PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES 17 Environment and culture ...... 20 Economic development 32 Population and settlements ...... 44
Chapter E INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICE PROVISION 51
APPENDICES 55 Appendix 1 How the Plan was developed ...... 56 Appendix 2 Information about Kangaroo Island 58 Appendix 3 Contribution of the Plan to South Australia’s Strategic Plan targets 68 Appendix 4 Related reports, strategies and plans 70
GLOSSARY 73
List of maps A1 Planning regions covered in the South Australian Planning Strategy ...... 3 C1 An integrated vision for the Kangaroo Island 15 D1 Environment and culture 21 D2 Economic development 33 D3 Population and settlements 45
vii overview
Chapter A
1 overview
Chapter A
Chapter A Chapter of regional communities. They also Background The role of the South outline where people are likely to The Kangaroo Island Plan (the Australian Planning live and the projected make-up Plan) guides future land use and Strategy of the population so that state O development on Kangaroo Island. and local government agencies VERV The Kangaroo Island Plan is one It has been prepared by the can plan for the provision of of seven regional volumes that, State Government, through the services and infrastructure, such I
E together with The 30-Year Plan Department of Planning and as transport, health, schools, and W for Greater Adelaide, make up Local Government (DPLG), in aged care and community facilities. the South Australian Planning collaboration with the Kangaroo At a local level, the regional Strategy. The regions covered Island Development Board1, volumes provide guidance in the regional volumes of the the Kangaroo Island Natural and resources for councils as Planning Strategy are: Kangaroo Resources Management Board they undertake their Strategic Island, Eyre and Western, Far and the Kangaroo Island Council. Management Plans and review North, Limestone Coast, Murray and amend their Development For more information about how and Mallee, Yorke and Mid North2 Plans. Development Plans contain the Plan was developed, see (see Map A1). Appendix 1. the zones, maps and explicit Kangaroo Island is part of the rules that specify what can and Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island cannot be done with land in SA Government Administrative a council area. Councils must Region, but for planning purposes ensure that their Development it is covered in a separate regional Plans are consistent with the volume of the Strategy. The land-use policies and directions Fleurieu Peninsula is covered of the relevant regional volume. in The 30-Year Plan for Greater The regional volumes also Adelaide. guide Development Plans and In the regional volumes the State Development Plan Amendments Government gives direction in unincorporated (out of council) on land use and development areas, as undertaken by the for the period 2010–2036. The Minister for Urban Development regional volumes set out how the and Planning. government proposes to balance The Structure Plans for the state’s population and economic growth major regional cities, including with the need to preserve the Mount Gambier, Port Augusta, environment and protect the Port Lincoln, Port Pirie and heritage, history and character Whyalla, flow from the regional volumes.
1 The Kangaroo Island Development Board 2 The Yorke and Mid North regions are currently became part of Regional Development covered in the South Australian Planning Strategy Australia Adelaide Hills, Fleurieu and as separate volumes. They will eventually be Kangaroo Island in 2009–10. combined into one volume.
2 Planning regions covered in the South Australian Planning Strategy Map A1
3 Chapter A Chapter The South Australian Planning Strategy is a requirement of The objectives of the Alignment with state section 22 of the Development regional volumes government policies Act 1993. The Minister for Urban To maximise the state’s The regional volumes of the South O Development and Planning is
VERV opportunities and respond to its Australian Planning Strategy responsible for the strategy’s challenges, the regional volumes provide a link between broad, preparation on behalf of the State of the South Australian Planning statewide planning aims and I
E Government and for reporting to Strategy have three interlocking local, council-specific planning W the South Australian Parliament objectives. They are to: needs, and they work in tandem annually on its implementation. with key state policies, leading to Each volume of the strategy maintain and improve liveability a consistent approach to land use must be reviewed at least every increase competitiveness and development across the state. five years. drive sustainability and Firstly, the regional volumes resilience to climate change. support the achievement of a range of social, economic and Figure A1 shows how these three environmental targets in South objectives interrelate. Australia’s Strategic Plan. Second,
Figure A1 – Objectives of the regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy
Liveability Competitiveness A country lifestyle that is relaxed and has a strong Attracts jobs and investment sense of community Retains people in the region Has adequate and equitable access to services Attracts and welcomes people from different A vibrant arts, cultural and sporting life backgrounds and places Housing and cost of living is affordable Scenic landscapes with an intrinsic sense of place Best elements of the past and present are evident Attractive to a diverse range of businesses and industries in town design and form Maximises competitive advantage in renewable and clean energy
Sustainability and climate change resilience Pattern of settlements is deliberately re-engineered towards greater sustainability and climate change resilience Adaptation means the region responds to the risk of climate change and massively improves water and energy efficiency Preserves and restores the natural environment
4 they feed into the Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South How the regional Planning for change Australia (2005) by identifying the volumes will work in regional South infrastructure priorities needed to at regional and local Australia support economic and population growth. Third, they tie in with the government levels The regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy set Housing Plan for South Australia While the regional volumes will out land-use policies to manage (2005), Water for Good—A primarily operate at a regional the changes that are forecast Plan to Ensure our Water Future level, local government will play a to occur across the regions. Of to 2050 (2009), the Economic pivotal role in their implementation, particular concern are changes in Statement (2009), the State in collaboration with DPLG, other population and climate, which are Natural Resources Management state government agencies and having, and will continue to have, Plan (2006), the regional natural stakeholders such as regional significant impact on the demand resources management plans development and natural for services and infrastructure, the (2009) and South Australia’s resources management boards. natural environment, the character Waste Strategy (2005). The collaborative process will of communities and the economic feature regional forums, which prosperity of the regions. Relationship to South will bring councils and relevant Australia’s Strategic Plan bodies together each year to agree on long-term land-use Regional population change Figure A2 shows the relationship and infrastructure priorities, The State Government believes of the regional volumes with South appropriate targets, and the need Australia’s Strategic Plan (SASP) that sustainable population growth to focus their respective resources is essential to maintain healthy and its targets, as well as the links on implementing the priorities. to several state policy initiatives. communities and a labour force that can support our economy. See Appendix 3 for further While much of the state’s information about how the Kangaroo population growth is expected to Island Plan contributes to specific occur in Greater Adelaide, regional SASP targets. areas are also targeted to grow. The make-up of the state’s population is also changing dramatically—it is ageing at a faster rate than the other Australian states and this will bring significant challenges for planning, particularly in terms of the type and location of housing and its proximity to services.
5 Chapter A Chapter Figure A2 – The Kangaroo Island Plan’s relationship with key state government policies
South Australia’s Strategic Plan O VERV
I Fostering E Growing Improving Attaining Building Expanding
W prosperity wellbeing sustainability creativity and communities opportunity innovation
SPATI AL STRATEGY SASP OBJECTIVES SASP OBJECTIVES
Kangaroo Island Plan
STATE POLICY INITIATIVES STATE POLICY INITIATIVES
Water for Good – State Natural Strategic Skills Strategy A Plan to Ensure Greenhouse Resource Infrastructure for our Water Future Strategy Management Plan for South Australia to 2050 Plan South Australia
Information, Population Economic Planning Communication Policy Statement Reform and Technology
6 South Australia’s Strategic Plan Numbers have declined in the However, increasing economic (SASP) calls for regional South more sparsely populated areas, investment in the regions and the Australia to maintain an 18 per particularly those in the Far North, expansion and diversification of cent share of the state’s total and in settlements with fewer than primary industries, aquaculture, population (Target 5.9). Based on 1000 people (with the exception mining and the services that the all-of-state population target of coastal communities). Changes support tourism and older developed for The 30-Year Plan to population distribution are populations are expected to for Greater Adelaide, this would being driven by the restructuring attract and maintain more equate to about 99,000 additional of farming enterprises into larger young people and people from people taking up residence in holdings, resulting in larger and overseas. This will contribute to regional areas, resulting in a fewer agricultural properties; the the achievement of the SASP regional population of 396,000 interstate and intrastate migration population growth target. people by 2036 (that is, an of people seeking a regional To achieve the SASP workforce increase of 1.03 per cent per year). lifestyle; and changing industry targets, the South Australian Assuming the average annual demands. Government, through the growth rate required to achieve Generally, towns with more Department of Further Education, Target T5.9 applies to Kangaroo than 1000 people have grown; Employment, Science and Island, the population would several of these towns have had Technology, is working with increase by 1510, or 56 people per the fastest rates of population industry to develop workforce year, by 2036. This would result in growth in the state. Larger centres action plans in the mining, a target population of 6040. such as Port Lincoln, Murray defence, construction, health, While overall population numbers Bridge and Mount Gambier have and advanced manufacturing in regional areas of the state have continued to expand, while in Port sectors. As well, industry skills remained relatively static during Pirie, Port Augusta and Whyalla boards are developing workforce the past decade, there have been the population has stabilised and development plans to address the significant changes in where shown some improvement after a demand for labour and skills in people are choosing to live. sustained period of decline. industries that have lost workers The demographic profile of the to mining. regions also has been changing, Any potential impacts on natural with an ageing population and resources, the environment, generally declining numbers of biodiversity, and the character of young people. communities as a result of these changing population patterns and related development will need to be carefully managed.
7 Chapter A Chapter Climate change as outlined in Water for Good—A Managing change Plan to Ensure our Water Future The potential effects of climate South Australia’s regions face to 2050, and investigating how change on the regions range from the challenge of managing the regional communities can diversify threats to water supply, increased impacts of climate change and O their water supply sources.
VERV risk of bushfire and greater population growth to protect fragmentation of native habitats In addition, state and local viable primary production to increased pressure on governments continue to industries and the natural I E investigate ways to organise
W health care services from more resources upon which they vulnerable people. land use such that it supports depend. This challenge has been renewable and clean energy The State Government believes compounded by reduced rainfall technologies. These opportunities it is critical to intervene now to during several drought years. will give South Australia a help the regions prepare for During this time rural communities competitive advantage in a and adapt to long-term climate have again shown their resilience carbon-constrained economy. change. Securing water and and capacity to manage in both Investment in infrastructure energy supplies is fundamental good and bad years. will be critical to realise such to economic, social and Local councils, regional and opportunities. environmental wellbeing in the economic development boards, face of such change. These initiatives will extend natural resources management the life and reliability of our In recent years, state and local boards and the state government water and energy supplies and governments and regional have been working with the allow the population and the communities have improved water community, local groups and economy to grow without placing security through augmentation industry to develop effective unsustainable demands on our of supply, the introduction of strategies for specific sectors (for natural resources. permanent water conservation, example, primary industries and and measures such as wastewater Our understanding of climate tourism) and specific parts of the re-use and stormwater harvesting. change and its ramifications is regions (for example, individual Increased housing density, evolving rapidly. It is critical that towns and council areas) that will improved water efficiency of policies and decisions are based lead to a sustainable future for buildings and the incorporation on the best current information, the regions. of water-sensitive urban design and are able to be adjusted in They recognise that population (WSUD) principles in the the future if required. and economic growth must development process will lead to be balanced with protection more efficient water consumption of the environment, including in regional towns. State and local biodiversity, and retention of governments are developing, the regions’ unique qualities for regional demand and supply the benefit of future generations plans, to be in place by 2014 and to attract and retain skilled workers.
8 THE CONTEXT FOR THE PLAN
Chapter B
9 THE CONTEXT FOR THE PLAN
Chapter B Chapter B Chapter The island’s economy is During 1996–2008 the island had Kangaroo Island dominated by a diverse range a slightly higher annual growth at a glance of primary production activities rate than regional South Australia (including cropping, grazing, overall—about 0.59 per cent a Kangaroo Island covers an area T horticulture, forestry, fishing and year compared to 0.17 per cent— H of 4400 square kilometres and
E aquaculture) and value-added which resulted in an estimated
C has a circumference of about products such as wine, cheese, resident population (ERP) of 4536 O 480 kilometres. It is 155 kilometres
NTE marron, olive oil, free-range by 2008. At this rate the island long and up to 55 kilometres wide chickens and Ligurian honey. The would have a population of 5348 and, at its highest point, is about X island’s clean, green reputation by 2036; however, at 1.03 per cent
T 300 metres above sea level.
underpins these industries. a year (the rate required to meet FOR Of the 4500 residents on the Kangaroo Island is also a popular the SASP regional population island, almost 40 per cent live target), the population would T destination for local, national H in Kingscote. The remainder reach 6043 by 2036.
E and international visitors. Only predominantly live in or around the P 15 kilometres from the South See Appendix 2 for detailed
L towns of Parndana, Penneshaw
A Australian mainland, the island information about Kangaroo and American River, and the N offers opportunities to see wildlife Island, including its population settlements of Baudin Beach, (including rare species) in natural distribution, economy and Brownlow, Cygnet River, Emu Bay, habitats, spectacular coastlines infrastructure. Nepean Bay, Island Beach and and bush landscapes, and to Vivonne Bay. enjoy a rural experience shaped by the island’s isolation, small population and heritage.
10 Key issues for Kangaroo Environment and culture Economic development Protecting and preserving Supporting the development Island the island’s environmental and diversification of primary The following issues were identified assets, including National and industries, as well as their as critical to the island’s future Conservation Parks, native sustainable adaptation to by local government, industry vegetation, coastal and marine climate change groups and communities during environments, and water Encouraging value adding in consultations in 2008–09. The resources the development of high-end issues, which are key drivers for Planning for the impacts of tourist accommodation the Kangaroo Island Plan, are climate change on agricultural grouped under four themes: Encouraging new horticultural production and development development and support the environment and culture in low-lying coastal areas development of value-chain vulnerable to rising sea levels economic development activities and storm surges population and settlements Attracting and retaining a highly Minimising risks to property and skilled and flexible workforce infrastructure and services people, especially in low-lying to ensure a stronger economic provision. coastal areas subject to erosion base and flooding Attracting industry, particularly Encouraging the sustainable where there is infrastructure use of groundwater resources capacity for growth (for example, by developing strategies to re- electricity, roads and shipping). use stormwater and wastewater Appropriately locating development such that it does not adversely impact on scenic landscapes Supporting appropriate water- use planning to ensure there are equitable water supplies for environmental, industrial and urban needs.
11 Chapter B Chapter Population and settlements Infrastructure and service Exploring opportunities to develop biofuels from locally Valuing the strong sense of provision sourced primary produce community spirit and close Considering the implications affinity with the island Retaining and making the best T of seasonal population H fluctuations and tourism for use of existing and planned E Discouraging ad hoc residential
C infrastructure assets, including development outside towns and services and infrastructure O provision freight transport, hospital and NTE maintain the towns’ character aged care facilities, and coastal and heritage Encouraging investment recreational facilities X in infrastructure to support T Addressing the needs of
Ensuring development FOR an ageing population by economic and population supports centres with existing developing a range of housing growth
infrastructure and services, T alternatives around existing H Improving public transport such as Kingscote, Penneshaw, E health and community services availability and access to health
P American River and Parndana, in the main towns, especially services, which are critical L to better service the wider rural A Kingscote issues, particularly for the
N population Ensuring an adequate supply of ageing population Extending and upgrade access residential land is available for Increasing the capacity of water to broadband and mobile future development, including infrastructure and community phone services across the maximising the use of surplus wastewater management island to support industry and farm houses resulting from farm systems (CWMS) to support expand distance education amalgamations population and tourist growth opportunities Managing coastal town growth and industry expansion Supporting development and to avoid inefficient linear Expanding the local generation maintenance of social and development of electricity through wind, community facilities, including Encouraging the development solar and wave farms to enable sporting, education, health and of affordable housing in locations greater capacity for economic other facilities to service the that support employment activity local population. industries, particularly in the western part of the island.
12 T NHE VISIO FOR kangaroo island
Chapter C
13 T NHE VISIO FOR kangaroo island
Chapter C Chapter C Chapter An integrated approach The Plan allows for communities The aims of the vision are to: to develop and grow, and strengthen the role of the main The Kangaroo Island Plan is a encourages initiatives that help towns coordinated and integrated vision retain the special qualities of
T for land use and development Kangaroo Island while fostering ensure sustainable coastal H
E across the island. It responds to vibrant and distinctive towns that development v the opportunities and challenges support a range of lifestyles. It i protect natural and industry si facing the island and identifies the supports activities that benefit
o assets
n for n for planning priorities, principles and the local and regional economy, policies necessary to achieve the provide local employment and expand the role of active, vision (refer to map C1). attract people to the island. nature-based tourism, particularly in coastal locations ka It recognises the island’s variations in geographical n maintain and strengthen g features, economic strengths and primary production in a community aspirations, and seeks r appropriate areas oo oo to make the most of the different opportunities each presents. It ensure an appropriate and well- is seeks to balance the needs of located supply of residential, l a people today with those of future commercial and industrial land n to support growth
d generations. retain the built and natural heritage in and around towns and settlements.
14 An integrated vision for Kangaroo Island Map C1
15 16 piperinc l s and policies
Chapter D
17 piperinc l s and policies
Chapter D Chapter D Chapter This chapter outlines the Under each theme the Plan While the policies and priorities principles and policies that are identifies: of the Kangaroo Island Plan may required to realise the vision for planning-related priorities3 change over time, the principles Kangaroo Island. These are set for the Kangaroo Island will be a constant driving force Pr out under three themes: Council (and the Minister for future generations to ensure
i the island is competitive, liveable, n environment and culture in out-of-council areas) to c consider when developing the sustainable and resilient to climate ip economic development change.
l Strategic Management Plan e population and settlements. and updating the Kangaroo The contributions of these s
a Island Development Plan (the principles to South Australia’s n Development Plan) Strategic Plan targets are d
described in Appendix 3. p principles to guide land-use o
l planning and development i ci planning-related policies that e s give ongoing direction to the council (and which must be reflected in the Development Plan).
3 These priorities were identified during consultation on the draft Kangaroo Island Plan during March to May 2009.
18 The principles are:
1 Recognise, protect and 6 Retain and strengthen the 11 Strategically plan and manage restore Kangaroo Island’s economic potential of the the growth of towns environmental assets island’s primary production Design towns to provide land 12 2 P rotect people, property safe, healthy, accessible and and the environment from 7 Strengthen local commercial appealing environments exposure to hazards fishing and aquaculture Provide land for a supply industries 13 3 Identify and protect places of diverse, affordable and of heritage and cultural 8 Reinforce the island as a sustainable housing to meet significance, and desired preferred tourism destination the needs of current and town character future residents and visitors. 9 Provide and protect serviced 4 Create the conditions for the and well-sited industrial land island to adapt and become to meet projected demand resilient to the impacts of Ensure commercial climate change 10 development is well sited and 5 Protect and build on the designed to support the role island’s strategic infrastructure and function of towns
19 env ironment and culture Chapter D Chapter Overview for South Australia 2007–2017; Incorporate information from Tackling Climate Change: South environmental studies (for Kangaroo Island’s environmental Australia’s Greenhouse Strategy example, on biodiversity, the and cultural assets—underpinned 2007–2020; the Wetlands Strategy effects of climate change and by a range of existing plans, Pr for South Australia (2003); Water dry-land salinity) to inform the strategies and agreements—play
i for Good—A Plan to Ensure review and updating of the n essential roles in guiding its c our Water Future to 2050; the Development Plan, including
ip future development. Settlements Marine Planning Framework for identifying areas of high l and industry are inextricably
e South Australia; and the Marine biodiversity value dependent on climate and water s Protected Areas program.
a resources, as well as land- and Further understanding of the n water-dependent ecosystems. The Kangaroo Island Plan seeks impacts of climate change on d
As well, heritage sites and to ensure that future land-use natural resources and habitats p o structures of significance provide directions complement these on the island to inform strategic l
i an essential sense of identity and documents. It therefore contains planning for development and ci connection with place. land-use principles and policies land use e s to guide development in a manner The design, siting and Maintain local heritage registers that: management of development and identify heritage listed sites must prevent adverse impacts on protects biodiversity and areas in the Development Plan these critical assets and minimise of environmental sensitivity, Prevent an over-commitment the exposure of people and including coastal areas of water resources by property to danger from natural supports the management of undertaking investigations to hazards, such as floods and the island’s natural resources determine sustainable limits bushfires. of water use (particularly on prepares the island for the Sustainable levels of demand expanding industries such as impacts of climate change for water and energy are also commercial forestry), and use essential, particularly considering ensures that development this information to inform the the effects of climate change. appropriately responds to Development Plan Several organisations have hazards and risks Protect native ecosystems policies to guide the management helps preserve the island’s and current industries from of the environment, particularly heritage (both Aboriginal and incursions of pests and the Kangaroo Island Natural non-Aboriginal). diseases not already present Resources Management Plan on the island (2009); Environment Protection Undertake hydrological Authority (EPA) policies, codes of Priorities for councils investigations and management practice and guidelines; the Living Establish and/or review coastal actions for Kangaroo Island Coast Strategy for South Australia zones in the Development Plan catchments to assess the (2004); Coast Protection Board in conjunction with planning the environmental impacts of Policy Document (2004); No growth of coastal towns and current and future farm dams Species Loss: A Nature Strategy settlements and forestry development.
20 Environment and culture Map D1
21 Chapter D Chapter 4 population growth targets will 1.4 Ensure development retains Principle 1 increase competition for available natural watercourses and Recognise, protect and water. More efficient water drainage patterns through use, recycling of stormwater the creation of appropriate
Pr restore Kangaroo Island’s and wastewater and other buffers and the application
i environmental assets such measures are required in of WSUD principles. n
c planning. The State Government is ip Water working with regional communities l Coastal, estuarine and e The island has many water- to develop regional water supply s and demand plans, as outlined marine environments dependent ecosystems, ranging a n from watercourses to wetlands in Water for Good, and to Kangaroo Island’s appeal relies d incorporate water-sensitive urban largely on its natural heritage, of
and tidal estuaries on the p design (WSUD) principles in the which its coastal landscapes are o coastline. l development process (see Box 1). identified as the most important i
ci In most of Kangaroo Island’s landscape element. The island’s e rivers, surface water is plentiful
s coastal areas vary significantly, in winter but confined to semi- Policies reflecting differences in geology permanent creeks and waterholes 1.1 Protect the quality and and wind and wave patterns. in summer until flushed out by function of water ecosystems autumn and winter rains. by preventing adverse These assets are highly valued by impacts of land use and local residents and the more than Reduced rainfall in recent seasons, development (such as 152,000 people who visit each however, has increased the overuse of resources, year. The land and water also demand from landowners to install erosion, impeded surface have significance for Aboriginal new dams or enlarge existing and subsurface water flows, people, who have historical dams, thereby placing pressure increases in acid sulfate associations with the island. on existing water supplies. soils, land degradation and Aboriginal sites and objects Dry-land salinity is also a major clearing, and pollution). located near the coast, in dunes issue, particularly as most and in the waters, are protected Encourage water harvesting catchments have been cleared 1.2 by legislation. initiatives where ecologically of vegetation to some extent. appropriate. Increased visitor numbers Currently about 10,000 hectares are likely to place pressure of land are affected by salinity. Make the most efficient use 1.3 on the island’s infrastructure of water in the built form The combination of diminished and increase demand for at both house and town rainfall predicted as a result accommodation and recreational level, drawing on WSUD of climate change (and its facilities in coastal areas. The techniques. associated impact on aquifer conservation of coastal areas recharge rates) and SASP will be critical to ensure fragile coastal environments, their rich 4 Target 5.9 of South Australia’s Strategic Plan biodiversity, and highly valued (SASP) calls for regional South Australia to maintain an 18 per cent share of the state’s scenic qualities are maintained total population.
22 and preserved. Development and Box 1—Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) public access in sensitive areas should be avoided or designed to minimise their environmental WSUD techniques help to improve water quality and quantity, impact. and reduce flood risk in urban areas, while enhancing biodiversity. The coast has great economic They can be incorporated into development projects across a value, both from natural resources range of types and scales, including homes, streets, parking industries and through activities areas, subdivisions and multi-units, commercial and industrial that prosper in a coastal developments, and public land. The techniques include: environment. Good management permeable paving of footpaths, common areas and parking of the coastal environment is spaces above underground water storage facilities essential for survival of a range of species, including some unique water efficient fittings and appliances to the island. The protection and maintaining fixtures (for example, stopping leaks and drips preservation of native flora and from plumbing and taps) fauna will be vital to regenerate fish stocks for future generations green roofs and living walls (that is, plantings on roofs and of commercial and recreational down walls) anglers. appropriate landscaping (for example, efficient irrigation, It is crucial that the natural mulching, wind and sun protection, minimising lawn area beauty and environmental and and selection of suitable plants) cultural importance of water wetlands to capture and treat run-off water environments are protected for the capture and storage of rainwater and stormwater for future generations to enjoy. residential re-use, or to irrigate parks, sporting fields and Marine plans are being other open space progressively developed to ensure the capture, treatment and re-use of wastewater. that future development and use of the marine environment More information about WSUD principles and techniques can be is sustainable. Marine parks found in the WSUD Technical Manual for Greater Adelaide, available and aquatic reserve areas have at
23 Chapter D Chapter Policies Box 2—What is a coastal zone? 1.5 Protect natural coastal, marine and estuarine areas of high conservation, landscape Coastal zones in Development Plans incorporate: Pr or environmental significance
i coastal features and habitats that are highly sensitive to the n by limiting development in
c direct impacts of development, including coastal dunes, coastal these areas. Development ip wetlands, samphire (tidal marsh), mangrove areas and estuaries
l may require such a location e in limited circumstances— important coastal geological features and other natural features s
of scientific, education, heritage or cultural importance a for example, a tourism n development of state
d buffers separating development from sensitive coastal habitats
significance—in which case p or important marine fauna sites o the development’s social l areas where exposure to coastal hazards (such as seawater
i and economic benefits must ci be shown to outweigh the flooding or erosion) has not been addressed (for example, by a e seawall or a strategy to protect development) s environmental and amenity impacts. coast protection measures such as erosion buffer areas, seawalls and levee banks 1.6 Protect coastal features and biodiversity by establishing high-quality coastal landscapes and land of rural character that coastal zones (see Box 2) provides a backdrop to the coast. that incorporate: Areas not required to be in a coastal zone include: conservation `` habitats that are highly areas that do not include coastal sensitive features and habitats; sensitive to the direct landscapes that provide a backdrop to the coast but do not include impacts of development coastal features; areas where exposure to coastal hazards has been `` important geological and/ addressed; and farming or primary production land. or natural features of Source: Eyre Peninsula Local Government Association, Eyre Peninsula Coastal Development scientific, educational or Strategy, 2007. cultural importance `` landscapes of very high scenic quality.
24 1.7 Integrate coastal management Biodiversity The Biodiversity Plan for Kangaroo requirements into the Island South Australia (2001) Kangaroo Island contains some Development Plan, including: identifies two key biodiversity of the most intact ecosystems in areas that contain 76 per cent `` coast protection policies the state and provides habitats of the island’s remaining native under the Coast Protection for the largest number of endemic vegetation and therefore carry Act 1972 species in South Australia. The significant potential for the long- island supports a large number `` marine parks under the term retention of biodiversity. of unique biodiversity assets, Marine Parks Act 2007 These are the Gosse Plateau including state and nationally (at the western end), where 90 per `` aquatic reserve areas threatened plants and animals. cent is managed for conservation, under the Fisheries Much of the eastern part of the and the South Coast, where Management Act 2007 island has been cleared for 72 per cent is located in the `` relevant provisions of agriculture and many unique protected areas system. plant communities in this area are the Natural Resources The ongoing management of the under threat. Of the remaining Management Act 2004. environment is required to ensure native vegetation, 64 per cent the protection of the island’s is conserved in government unique natural qualities. reserves or under vegetation heritage agreements. Nearly To protect the island’s biodiversity, 30 per cent of the island is ecological investigations and reserved under the National Parks impact assessments should and Wildlife Act 1972 and the be undertaken in areas that Wilderness Protection Act 1992. are proposed for rezoning or development. Some developments Kangaroo Island also contains may also require assessment by some of the least disturbed inland the Commonwealth (see Box 3). freshwater wetlands, primarily located on the western end. At the eastern end, dry-land salinity is posing a threat to wetlands.
Box 3 – Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act
Applicants for and proponents of developments may be responsible for forwarding development proposals to the Commonwealth Environment Minister. The Minister is responsible for determining if the action is a controlled action, under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth), and subject to assessment and approval processes under that Act.
25 Chapter D Chapter Policies `` areas of environmental 1.10 Provide for environmental significance, including connections to link areas of 1.8 Introduce a clear hierarchy of environmental areas to habitat areas and high biodiversity value and be protected to improve lands that have human create buffers as a means of Pr development certainty uses, such as primary managing the interface with
i production, but also conservation areas. n and transparency, and c incorporate the protection support biodiversity ip Avoid any impact on because the uses 1.11 l of these areas into the biodiversity, where possible;
e are of relatively low Development Plan. The three if impact is unavoidable, it s environmental impact.
a categories in the hierarchy, should be minimised and
n Higher impact land uses which will be managed offset. A comprehensive d in these areas should be
through the Development offset scheme, based on p avoided. If development o Plan, are: existing offset provisions l cannot be avoided, the i and drawing on models ci `` areas of high impacts will be minimised such as bio-banking, will e environmental and offsets provided s significance, including be developed to provide protected public lands `` areas designated for for a net gain to biodiversity (such as National Parks human use, where through flexible offsets. and Conservation human use is the The offsets could be made Parks), private/public principal consideration. across regions or by funding lands under a Heritage Development is to be designated rehabilitation Agreement, and land consistent with the programs. The scheme containing high-value Development Plan and will also encourage carbon native vegetation. These existing legislation. offsets. areas will be protected 1.9 Recognise areas of high 1.12 Identify and ensure the from development unless biodiversity value, and locate protection of new areas of a specific regulatory and design development to conservation significance. exemption applies prevent the loss, degradation and/or fragmentation of native vegetation and any loss of species and/or ecological communities.
26 Scenic landscapes Policies 1.15 Avoid adverse impacts of development on landscapes Attention should be given to 1.13 Acknowledge, protect and through site selection and the planning and design of manage areas of significant design alternatives. Note development to ensure that landscape and amenity that landscape screening to significant landscapes and value (particularly coastal— mitigate the visual impacts associated views—both from the see ‘Scenic landscape’ of development is not a land and the sea—are retained. areas on Maps C1 and D1) substitute for re-siting or The incremental approval and areas that form attractive re-design. of individual developments, backgrounds and entrances including minor additions and to towns and tourist maintenance activities, has developments. resulted in the degradation of 1.14 Avoid development in areas scenic resources in the past. It is with significant landscapes important that Development Plan that can be viewed from updates reassess landscapes tourist routes, walking trails, and associated views and the beach or the sea, unless devise measures to ensure their the development requires protection. such a location (such as The Coastal Viewscapes of South a development of state Australia study undertaken for significance), in which case the Department for Environment the scale, height, design and and Heritage (DEH)5 identifies siting of buildings must: coastal areas on the island that `` protect views to, from have a ‘high coastal scenic and along the ocean and quality’. Similar work could scenic coastal areas be undertaken to determine important non-coastal landscapes `` minimise the alteration and to incorporate these into the of natural landforms Development Plan. `` be visually compatible with the character of surrounding areas `` restore and enhance visual quality in visually degraded areas, where feasible.
5 DEH became the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in June 2010.
27 Chapter D Chapter Policies `` achieve more consistent Principle 2 and rigorous decision- 2.1 Design and plan development Protect people, property to prevent the creation of making for long-term hazards and to avoid naturally land-use planning aimed
Pr and the environment from occurring hazards. at reducing emergency
i exposure to hazards and hazard risks n
c 2.2 Decrease the risk of loss ip Hazards include flooding, erosion, of life and property from `` enhance protection of l disturbance of acid sulfate soils, extreme bushfires through critical infrastructure e s bushfires, salinity, landslides, the creation of buffers around `` develop building a and water, air and noise pollution new growth areas that are n standards and urban d and site contamination. They adjacent to native bushland. design approaches p can occur naturally or as a that create resilient o result of development activity. 2.3 Develop other policies to l environments
i minimise the impact of
ci Inappropriately located or extreme bushfires in line `` reduce risks and protect e designed development and land s uses can increase the exposure with the findings of the 2009 natural areas and to, and impact of, hazards. The Victorian Bushfires Royal biodiversity Commission. potential impacts of climate `` protect human health and change, such as sea level rise, 2.4 Develop partnerships and the environment where storm surges and extreme agreements between state contamination is identified weather events, are likely to and local government to have occurred increase the risk of hazards in (particularly with emergency affected locations. services agencies) to address `` adopt appropriate processes and methods Better development planning identified risks and hazards when remediating and control measures can help and protect the health and contaminated land and to reduce risks and hazards but wellbeing of the community. ensure its suitability for the cannot eliminate them. 2.5 Integrate adaptation proposed zoning to climate change and disaster risk reduction and `` address risk, hazard and hazard avoidance policies, emergency management standards and actions issues in structure and into strategic plans, the precinct planning for new Development Plan and and existing urban areas. development assessment processes using best practice models to: `` reduce the social, environmental and economic impacts arising from extreme events
28 2.6 Protect people, property Policies and the environment Principle 3 3.1 Protect and conserve places from exposure to hazards Identify and protect places of heritage and cultural value, (including coastal flooding, of heritage and cultural including national, state and erosion, dune drift and local registered sites. acid sulfate soils) by significance, and desired designing and planning for town character 3.2 Identify the desired development in accordance character for towns and with the following principles: Kangaroo Island’s heritage, parts of towns, and ensure character and cultural places the design of buildings `` Protection—establish and buildings link communities and public places, such as works to protect existing with the attitudes and values streetscapes and entrances, development or facilitate that have shaped the island supports the desired major development and its role in South Australian character. (including stormwater history. Identification and careful discharge management Identify and protect sites management of these sites can 3.3 to accommodate higher that have Aboriginal cultural enliven history, engender a sense tide levels) significance and a guidance of identity and provide a glimpse role in relation to native `` Adaptation—design of the past that can help guide us title and Indigenous Land buildings and in the future. Use Agreement (ILUA) infrastructure to minimise Acts that identify and protect requirements. risk in the long term places of heritage and cultural `` Avoidance—avoid significance include the Heritage permanent development Places Act 1993, the Historic in and adjacent to areas Shipwrecks Act 1981 and the at unacceptable risk from Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988. hazards. The latter prohibits any damage, disturbance or interference with 2.7 Identify and rehabilitate Aboriginal sites, objects and areas and sites where land remains without authorisation is contaminated as part of from the Minister for Aboriginal development processes. Affairs and Reconciliation. 2.8 Ensure new development Aboriginal people and the State is appropriately sited in Government’s Aboriginal Affairs respect to existing landfills to and Reconciliation Division should minimise the risk to people be involved early in the planning and property from landfill and development process to gas emissions. Continue help identify and protect sites of to monitor gas emissions cultural significance. from landfill sites to ensure development is not placed at unnecessary risk.
29 Chapter D Chapter There are opportunities to Policies Principle 4 make positive and long-lasting 4.1 Promote carbon sequestration Create the conditions for changes to the island’s water and greenhouse gas management. Economically mitigation through land-use/
Pr Kangaroo Island to adapt and technologically feasible management practices
i and become resilient to the measures are readily available n (for example, reintroducing c impacts of climate change to provide the water needed for vegetation and restoring ip the future. A well-managed water
l habitat), taking into account e Reduced rainfall in recent supply includes water efficient climate and soil suitability s years is affecting the island’s technologies and approaches to
a and species characteristics.
n agricultural and horticultural reduce water consumption. While d activities and reducing recharge not yet mandated for country 4.2 Provide buffer areas p of the island’s aquifers. Climate areas, WSUD principles should of sufficient width to o l change predictions indicate that be incorporated into all new separate development i ci diminished rainfall will continue development. It is envisaged that from the foreshore and e to affect the island, which could by 2013 South Australia will have coastal features and to s have an impact on the tourism developed and implemented accommodate long-term industry and economic activities, the best regulatory approach in physical coastal processes. including primary production. Australia to mandate WSUD, as 4.3 Provide the opportunity It will be important that the well as specific targets. for town/settlement-level Development Plan supports the Energy supply is limited in many energy efficiency through natural resources management parts of the island. Building design the promotion of alternative regime, including water allocation and innovative local energy energy supplies (such as under the Natural Resources supplies, including solar, wind and embedded generation). Management Act 2004. co-generation, can help make the Provide for the development best use of available and planned 4.4 of alternative and innovative energy supplies (see Box 4). energy generation (for Increasing industry, residential example, marine, biomass and tourism related development and geothermal technologies) will place further pressures on and water supply facilities, energy and water supplies. as well as guidance on Permanent resident population environmental assessment figures do not reflect the demand requirements. on local facilities made by visitors. Managing demand for water and energy use by raising awareness among residents and holiday makers, including infrequent visitors, is essential to achieving South Australia’s sustainable water and energy efficiency targets.
30 4.5 Support the incorporation Box 4—Improving water and energy efficiency of sustainable energy and water supply, conservation and efficiencies (for Many subdivisions and buildings are now designed to maximise example, stormwater re-use, the re-use of stormwater and wastewater in residential and wind and solar technologies, industrial developments. For example, at Mawson Lakes in Adelaide, green buffers, WSUD, stormwater is filtered and plumbed into houses for use in toilets. building orientation to Some industries also re-use wastewater and stormwater for cooling maximise solar access and or washing down machinery. shaded areas) in the design of residential, commercial Energy demand can be reduced through innovative housing design and industrial developments and methods such as co-generation, which produces electricity and and subdivisions. heat in a single process. More information is available on the Energy SA website, at
4.7 Set building standards and design guidelines to create more thermal- and energy- efficient buildings.
4.8 Plan for effective wastewater disposal through mains sewer and community wastewater management systems (CWMS) and maximise re-use opportunities.
31 economic development Chapter D Chapter Overview (2006) was developed to build on example, grains, livestock and the island’s share of the tourism forestry), the Kangaroo Island The South Australian Government market and provide clear direction Strategic Tourism Plan and the is planning for an additional for the development of sustainable South Australian Food Plan 2007– 1510 residents on Kangaroo Pr tourism. 2010 have also informed this Plan. Island over the next 30 years.
i The detailed Development Plan n Economic development will Primary production, retail trade c and tourism-related industries policies will also be informed by
ip play a key role in facilitating industry and relevant regional l this growth through providing (retail, accommodation and
e development and government employment opportunities. food) are the largest employment s bodies.
a Creation of employment sectors. In recent years there n opportunities depends on a good has been sustained employment Supportive Development d
supply of land for development growth on the island, primarily in Plan policies, investment in p o that is not constrained by a accommodation and food service, infrastructure, expansion of l
i lack of infrastructure, as well as transport and warehousing, local training opportunities ci supporting opportunities in the and the services sector (public and attraction of skilled labour e s primary production sector. administration, education, health will all be critical to realising care and social assistance). regional economic development The island’s economy is based The island already has a lower opportunities. on primary production, including unemployment rate than the state horticulture and viticulture, sheep average and is well positioned to meat and wool products, forestry increase jobs, particularly as the Priorities for the council and associated processing, population ages. Reflect in local strategic fishing and aquaculture. planning and the Development Increasing the amount of value- The Kangaroo Island Plan the directions of the adding may have potential for Development Board (now Kangaroo Island Strategic employment growth. Economic part of Regional Development Tourism Plan, which addresses growth is likely to occur in existing Australia Adelaide Hills, Fleurieu positioning and branding, primary production sectors; and Kangaroo Island) and tourism infrastructure priorities, opportunities in emerging government agencies working target markets, partnerships, industries should also be closely with industry (including and development opportunities supported. the Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure; the Expand industrial activities in Tourism is one of Kangaroo Department of Primary Industries the towns of Kingscote and Island’s most important industries: and Resources SA; the Kangaroo Parndana in 2008, about 158,000 people Island Natural Resources visited the island. Its diverse Strengthen the economic Management Board; the South scenic landscapes—provided potential of primary production Australian Tourism Commission; by primary production activities, land and foster sustainable and the Department of Trade and coastal environments and practices Economic Development) have geological features—have strong contributed significantly to this Identify high value agricultural appeal to visitors. The Kangaroo Plan. A range of strategic plans lands. Island Strategic Tourism Plan for primary industry sectors (for
32 Economic development Map D2
33 Chapter D Chapter Principle 5 Box 5—Supporting the value chain Protect and build on The term ‘value chain’ refers to the various value-adding activities
Pr the island’s strategic that occur along the supply chain of every industry sector—from
i infrastructure n primary production through processing and transport to marketing c ip Maintaining and further and sales. Competitive advantage is gained by improving the l developing competitive freight movement of goods and adding value at every link in the chain. e s transport, storage and processing Combining spatial analysis with value chain analysis is a powerful a infrastructure and facilities are tool for strategic land-use planning. It involves identifying key n d critically important to Kangaroo infrastructure and synergies or potential conflicts between activities p Island’s industries, particularly and assists in deciding the best use of land and locations for o given the costs associated with l development to maximise a region’s economic competitiveness. i
ci transporting goods to markets off
e the island. s The island’s key infrastructure and facilities are: jetties, boat ramps and Protecting and enhancing these the SeaLink passenger and processing facilities supporting assets and providing for the freight ferry service operating the fishing and aquaculture expansion of export-related and from Penneshaw industries value-adding industry near these hubs will enable capitalisation the secondary freight and the sea port and associated on investment in these assets, motor vehicle road corridor bulk handling facilities at provide opportunities for more from Kingscote to Penneshaw Kingscote industry to move to the island, and and Penneshaw to Parndana grain silos at Kingscote and provide support and certainty for the airport (services grain storage facilities close to existing industries (see Box 5). predominantly operate between the airport at Cygnet River Kangaroo Island and Adelaide) critical sea links between Policies primary production and 5.1 Encourage industry clusters processing facilities (for (mining, primary production example, between Kingscote and aquaculture value-adding and Port Adelaide). processing and storage activities) in strategic locations (such as key freight transport nodes) to maximise transport efficiencies and support industry development.
34 5.2 Establish appropriate buffers The island is renowned for its to protect existing strategic Principle 6 high-value niche agricultural infrastructure and sites Retain and strengthen products including honey, and corridors identified marron, sheep milk and eggs. as potential locations for the economic potential In addition, it is gazetted as a future infrastructure from of the island’s primary genetically modified organism encroachment by land uses production land (GMO) free zone and its isolation that may compromise their gives it a low disease status. It is operation or expansion. Retaining productive primary important the island capitalises production land across Kangaroo on these attributes and exploits Reinforce the role of the 5.3 Island is a priority. Sheep (wool and opportunities to expand its niche Kingscote Airport to support meat), field crops and wine grapes food products in the Australian economic and social will continue to be core industries and export markets. development and to provide underpinning the island’s economy. emergency access for the Sheep and wool production Forestry is also an important and Royal Flying Doctor Service continues to contribute growing industry in the western (RFDS), and protect it from considerable income for island and northern parts of the island incompatible development farmers. These export industries and horticulture (vineyards in the surrounding area. depend on the continued availability in particular) has expanded of broadacre agricultural land. 5.4 Ensure land uses surrounding considerably on the eastern side the airport near Cygnet River of the island in recent years. Conversion of productive land are compatible with airport to residential and other sensitive Protection of the fertile viticulture uses through inappropriate operations and do not detract lands on the eastern side of the from its intended function. town expansion or subdivision island close to Penneshaw is a into rural living areas is strongly 5.5 Identify land suitable for priority to support the ongoing discouraged in areas not waste management and viability of this growing sector. contiguous with town boundaries resource recovery facilities There is also the potential to as it can create conflicts at to optimise opportunities expand high-value horticulture interfaces and compromise farm for re-use and recycling industries towards the western operations. Water resources also of waste while maximising side of the island. need to be carefully managed, economic efficiencies, Grain is produced throughout the given their importance to the and protect this land from island. The industry has expanded agricultural sector. encroachment by sensitive significantly in the past five years, land uses (such as housing). with total annual production of close to 60,000 tonnes. The grain industry continues to diversify in response to climate fluctuations and to capture emerging opportunities in export and domestic markets.
35 Chapter D Chapter Agriculture and horticulture 6.2 Support new horticultural 6.5 Maximise opportunities development south of for processing plant waste Policies Penneshaw (as identified and the establishment of on Map D2), and generally other value-adding activities 6.1 Prevent loss of productive Pr agricultural land and potential towards the western end of (for example, biofuel plant
i the island, where good quality co-location with livestock n conflict with incompatible c uses by: water is available. These enterprises). ip areas should be preserved for l `` ensuring that proposed 6.6 Rehabilitate unproductive e future horticultural activities, and degraded primary s town and urban expansion and avoid any incompatible a does not affect areas production land affected by n land uses. salinity through revegetation
d of primary production
Remove unnecessary using native species, p significance 6.3 o regulatory barriers to the increasing the vitality and l `` preventing fragmentation i adjustment of primary integrity of existing remnant ci of agricultural land production activities. stands of native vegetation, e s `` managing interfaces with Development Plans should and introducing perennial residential areas and other be flexible enough to allow pastures. property holders to change sensitive activities through 6.7 Co-locate intensive primary the use of buffers agricultural practices or industries and compatible commodity type, particularly processing activities to reduce `` ensuring tourist-based where the change land-use conflict and achieve developments are sited would enable increased efficiencies in production, away from agricultural productivity or better processing, distribution, land where practical environmental outcomes. energy efficiency and waste `` designating areas of 6.4 Encourage the development recycling, taking into account primary production of small-scale value-adding environmental, infrastructure significance (in particular activity that complements and rural amenity issues. high value agricultural land) primary production in the in the Development Plan local area. Value-adding and introducing a standard clusters and medium- to set of planning controls to large-scale value-adding protect their use. activities should be located in industrial or commercial estates where possible.
36 Commercial forestry Mineral resources Principle 7 Policies Policy Strengthen local 6.8 Encourage forestry 6.12 Establish and maintain commercial fishing and plantations in locations buffers around mines and that are sustainable and mineral resources to prevent aquaculture industries maximise use of existing encroachment by housing The Development Plan needs to transport infrastructure. (See and other development that recognise that the aquaculture and Guidelines for Plantation may affect the viability of fishing industries have differing Forestry in South Australia resource extraction. requirements in terms of site, 2009, Managing the Water infrastructure and environmental Resources Impacts of conditions. For example, Plantation Forests and hatcheries and grow-out facilities the Better Development need to be located close to the Plan Forestry Module for coast, where pipe access to guidance on locations for seawater is available and the costs forestry activities.) of energy associated with pumping 6.9 Effectively manage can be minimised. Marine plantation impacts on the aquaculture and commercial environment, transport fishing need to be supported by a networks and surrounding range of on-land industries, such land uses and landscapes. as storage, waste management and processing. Efficiencies 6.10 Establish and maintain can be gained by reducing the buffers around forestry distance between marine-based plantations to protect them sites and processing facilities. from incompatible uses.
6.11 Expand associated processing and manufacturing activities.
37 Chapter D Chapter Policies Box 6—About aquaculture policies and zones 7.1 Provide for land-based processing facilities at key sites in accordance with Aquaculture policies: Pr environmental requirements,
i identify where specific classes of aquaculture can and cannot n including provisions for
c occur in state waters land-based waste disposal ip are developed in accordance with the process set out in the
l facilities. e Aquaculture Act 2001 and involve consultation and consideration s 7.2 Locate commercial boat of environmental, social, equity and economic impacts a launching facilities in n d areas adjoining towns or in provide clear direction to aquaculture operators, including p locations that support marine specific criteria or conditions to ensure that activities are o ecologically sustainable. l aquaculture licences. i ci Protect potential aquaculture There are three classes of zones relevant to aquaculture: e 7.3 s areas (see Box 6 and aquaculture zones are areas of state waters in which specified Map D2), including from classes of aquaculture can be permitted conflicting land-based development. prospective aquaculture zones are areas of state waters subject to investigation (for no more than three years) to determine if they are suitable to become aquaculture zones aquaculture exclusion zones are areas of state waters in which no aquaculture is permitted.
For more information, see
38 In 2006 the South Australian Policies Principle 8 Tourism Commission, in 8.1 Protect, enhance and promote Reinforce the island conjunction with the Kangaroo those assets of the island as a preferred tourism Island Development Board, that attract tourists and are the Kangaroo Island Natural of value to the community, destination Resources Management Board, including: Tourism Kangaroo Island, the Kangaroo Island is one of South Department for Environment and `` coastal landscapes, the Australia’s premier tourism assets, Heritage (now the Department marine environment, the attracting an estimated 158,000 of Environment and Natural foreshore, jetties and boat 6 visitors in 2008. The appeal of Resources) and the Kangaroo ramps the island is in its natural and Island Council, produced the `` open space, trails built heritage; National and Kangaroo Island Strategic Tourism Conservation Parks; coastal networks and scenic Plan. The plan’s primary aims tourist drives landscapes and secluded are to increase the island’s share beaches; and opportunities for of the tourist market, build on its `` National and Conservation water-based activities such as reputation as an authentic and Parks and scenic views recreational fishing. diverse nature-based destination, `` the heritage, cultural The island’s clean and green and provide direction for investors and/or built character of image and strong connection with in sustainable tourism (see Box 7). towns, including town locally produced high quality food Relevant statewide plans include approaches and fine wines add to its appeal the Responsible Nature-based `` seafront campsites, as a tourist destination and are Tourism Strategy 2004–2009, which including large campsites, key drivers of the local economy. was developed to provide detailed with effluent disposal Appropriate planning controls guidance in the development of facilities for motor homes are required to ensure that the nature-based tourism, including qualities that attract tourists are design guidelines and case studies, `` the unique archaeological retained. and the South Australian Tourism and geological features. Plan 2009–2014, which provides broader direction for the marketing and management of the industry.
6 South Australian Tourism Commission, ‘Kangaroo Island Regional Tourism Profile 2008’, SATC, Government of South Australia, 2009,
39 Chapter D Chapter 8.2 Reinforce the desired Box 7—The relationship between sustainable, nature-based and ecotourism roles of various towns and locations in the Kangaroo Island tourist experience, Sustainable tourism meets the current needs of tourists and regions Pr including: while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It i n `` Penneshaw as the main involves management of all resources in such a way that economic, c
ip visitor gateway to the island social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural
l integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life
e `` the coastline, particularly support systems. s in National and a Nature-based tourism is any sustainable tourism activity or n Conservation Parks, d for ecotourism and experience that relates to the natural environment, whether for p adventure- and nature- relaxation, discovery or adventure. o l based tourism (see Box Ecotourism is a niche segment where the key motivation is i ci 7), as well as food and learning, appreciation and conservation. It is low-capacity, discrete, e wine experiences s educational, conservation-minded and returns tangible benefits to `` Penneshaw and the local community and/or natural resource. Kingscote as service towns for tourists Source: South Australian Tourism Commission. `` Vivonne Bay, Emu Bay and American River as key hubs for coastal 8.3 Facilitate sustainably 8.5 Promote Kangaroo Island tourism designed tourist as a culinary, coastal and `` Cape Borda, Cape accommodation in suitable nature-based destination by: locations throughout the Willoughby and Cape `` preserving the character island, in accordance with du Couedic for historical and appeal of the coastal Policy 1.5 and as identified lighthouses and lighthouse towns keepers’ cottages, as well as ‘Coastal management’ as the seal colonies below and ‘Scenic landscape’ `` ensuring high quality the elevated boardwalk at areas on Map D1. design to protect scenic Cape du Couedic landscapes 8.4 Facilitate tourism-related `` the high-value niche food developments such as `` supporting ecotourism and companies that focus on restaurants, specialist adventure- and nature- products sourced from retail and accommodation based tourism experiences honey and sheep milk, as that add value to existing (particularly in National and well as numerous wineries enterprises. Conservation Parks) scattered across the `` developing links with the island. fishing, aquaculture and wine industries.
40 Policies 9.4 Provide for the development Principle 9 of well-sited and appropriately 9.1 Provide a supply of well-sited Provide and protect and serviced industrial land scaled value-adding activities serviced and well-sited in Kingscote, Penneshaw (for example, processing and and Parndana. storage) that complement industrial land to meet local agriculture, horticulture, projected demand 9.2 Ensure an adequate supply fishing and aquaculture, of appropriately located livestock and mining Industries supporting primary industrial land to provide activities. Value-adding production and processing opportunities for small-scale clusters and medium- to play a critical role in Kangaroo and local industries in towns large-scale value-adding Island’s economy, providing local across the island. activities should be located employment and strengthening in industrial or commercial 9.3 Site and locate industrial the island’s comparative land and development to estates where possible. advantage. Identification of ensure: Retain and support ongoing suitable sites for these activities 9.5 industrial and commercial and appropriate zoning to meet `` management of interfaces operations (for example, demand will provide greater with residential areas appropriate buffers to certainty to potential investors and and other sensitive uses, minimise conflicts) and inform the planning and provision and protection from manage the impacts of of infrastructure. encroachment external influences (for In addition to industry clusters `` provision for future example, noise, vibrations around strategic transport hubs expansion and native vegetation (refer to Principle 5), nodes `` accordance with disturbance). best suited for industrial activity Environmental Protection include Kingscote, Penneshaw 9.6 Support the growth of Authority policies, codes and Parndana. In addition, a renewable energy and green of practice and guidelines port facility at Ballast Head for technologies by setting industrial and bulk handling may `` an efficient road aside employment lands and need to be considered in the freight network that ensuring flexibility in zoning future, subject to environmental minimises the impacts to allow new industries to impact assessment. of freight movements on establish. neighbouring areas 9.7 Provide for the establishment `` access to required energy of facilities in appropriate and water. locations to support new markets/products for recycled materials and animal waste products.
41 Chapter D Chapter Policies `` are clustered rather than Principle 10 linear development and 10.1 Reinforce the primary Ensure commercial commercial and service do not have an adverse role of Kingscote as the impact on the efficiency
Pr development is well focus of major retail, and safety of arterial
i sited and designed to roads n commercial, administrative, c support the role and education, health, justice and ip `` are convenient and
l function of towns recreational developments equitable to access, e on the island. including by walking s
Commercial activities include a Reinforce the supporting n shops, offices, banks, retail 10.2 `` are supportive of the d commercial and service role desired future character
showrooms, personal services, p of Penneshaw. of the town o and government services. l i 10.3 Cluster local and/or tourism- `` are not using land of ci Focusing major commercial focused commercial facilities strategic importance to e activities in selected towns s supports the ongoing viability in main streets and/or local/ industry. of these activities and enables town centres. 10.6 Proposals for major people to undertake several 10.4 Locate commercial uses commercial areas in towns activities in one location. in town centres or existing other than Kingscote, This approach also supports commercial zones, which Penneshaw, American the future provision of public should be expanded where River and Parndana must transport services. The greatest necessary to support activity demonstrate that they concentrations of commercial commensurate with the are supportive of and sector jobs are in Kingscote and, town’s role. complement the commercial to a lesser extent, Penneshaw. functions of these towns, Local small-scale commercial 10.5 Commercial areas proposed outside town centres must including incrementally or facilities will continue to be located cumulatively in the long term. in American River and Parndana. demonstrate that they: `` will avoid adverse 10.7 Support an efficient road incremental or cumulative network and prevent linear/ impacts on existing town ribbon development along centres major roads.
42 43 puop lation and settlements Chapter D Chapter Overview Table D1 – Kangaroo Island: Land area required based on density and occupancy rate (people per dwelling). The State Government is planning for an additional 1510 people on Kangaroo Island by 2036, based Pr on the SASP population target Required new homes Land area required (hectares) i n described in Chapter A. The role (for 1510 people) at 8.5 dph* at 10 dph* at 13 dph* c
ip of the Kangaroo Island Plan is to 638 @ 2.4 people per home 75 64 49 l ensure that future land use can e support the target population. s
729 @ 2.1 people per home 86 73 56 a Table D1 illustrates the number of n d dwellings that would be required 850 @ 1.8 people per home 100 85 65 p (depending on occupancy rate) o
l and the land area necessary to i * Dwellings per hectare. ci accommodate them, depending e on the density (that is, the average s number of dwellings per hectare). Further investigations to provide population to balance the growth With an ageing population, it is more accurate detail will be in the proportion of older people. expected that the occupancy necessary to inform the Plan Increasing employment in primary rates are likely to decrease as through the future review process. production and processing, ageing people move into smaller The island currently has construction, engineering, and homes over the 30 year period. a significant amount of health and other services is a This potentially could increase the undeveloped, zoned land suitable priority to maintain a vibrant number of new homes required for residential development. This working-age population. to accommodate the target includes about 166 hectares (ha) Social infrastructure demands population. zoned residential and 1236 ha include increased housing in the There is also likely to be additional zoned rural living. In addition, major regional centres, as well as demand for new homes in towns, 155 ha of deferred urban land in more remote locations where as retirees living in rural areas on could in part be used for residential attracting and retaining staff, the island move close to health development, as shown in Table especially professionals, is vital for and community services and D2. The residential zoned land development. Social infrastructure aged care facilities. capacity in all the main towns includes education and childcare should be enough to support the facilities to service young families, growth necessary to achieve the as well as access to good health target in the Plan. services. Broadband access While the Kangaroo Island Plan outside major centres is essential seeks to plan for an ageing to deliver distance learning and for population, policies are also business development and growth. needed to attract and retain the young and working-age
44 Population and settlements Map D3
45 Chapter D Chapter Table D2 – Kangaroo Island: residential land supply in key towns
Residential zones Deferred urban zones Rural living zones
Pr Town Area (ha) Dwell est.* Area (ha) Dwell est.* Area (ha) Dwell est.* i n c Kingscote 43 430 63 504 1077 537 ip l e Penneshaw 40 400 21 168 80 40 s a American n 83 830 43 344 42 21 d River p
o Parndana – – 28 224 37 18 l i ci Total 166 1660 155 1240 1236 616 e s
* Dwelling estimates are based on: residential zones = 10 dwellings per hectare; deferred urban zones = 10 dwellings per hectare less 15 per cent (to factor in land used for non-residential purposes); rural living zones = the average rural living allotment for each council.
To guide land use in response Priorities for the council Explore mechanisms to support to growth pressures, the Plan’s retiring farm families to age in Improve workforce stability by principles and policies aim to place or relocate to towns investigating the housing needs ensure that: of permanent and seasonal Assess the opportunities there is a supply of zoned workers, particularly on the and constraints for compact land suitable for residential island’s western side expansion of coastal development settlements (especially Implement the key Emu Bay and Vivonne Bay) growth occurs according to recommendations contained in in conjunction with the town role and function the Urban Design Frameworks establishment and/or review for Kingscote, Penneshaw, growth is directed towards of coastal zones, taking into American River and Parndana towns with health, community account factors listed in to improve the function and and aged care services and Principle 11. facilities appeal of these towns there is a diversity of housing Undertake an audit of the (including affordable housing) housing needs of older people and the current supply to town growth is managed identify gaps in this segment of to preserve important the housing market primary production land and environmentally sensitive areas.
46 Growth on the island has chiefly Policies Principle 11 occurred in the towns—mainly in 11.1 Focus development in existing Strategically plan and Kingscote and, to a lesser extent, towns and settlements based manage the growth of in Penneshaw, American River on their roles and functions and Parndana. as described in Principle 10 towns Kingscote is the island’s major and shown on Map D3. commercial and service centre. The Kangaroo Island Plan The expansion of towns Accordingly, it should be a focus 11.2 supports the consolidation of should: population growth within existing for major facilities and services, settlements to: and accommodating population `` ensure new areas are growth. Penneshaw, American contiguous with, and limit development in places River and Parndana are the form compact extensions difficult to adequately service island’s supporting commercial/ of, existing built-up (for example, household service centres. These towns areas and prevent linear waste collection, water should be a focus for local development along the supplies/treatment and services and infrastructure, and coast and arterial roads energy transmission) accommodating population growth. `` not encroach on areas of enable the treatment and reuse Future development should importance to economic of wastewater and stormwater continue to be focused in towns development and settlements, to build on preserve councils’ financial `` not encroach on viability existing and planned business, service and infrastructure environmentally sensitive build on existing and planned investment. areas business, service and `` support cost-effective infrastructure investment A planned approach to development seeks to balance provision of infrastructure protect scenic and natural the range of competing interests. and services (for example, landscapes of importance to Towns on Kangaroo Island must health and education), tourism and environmental be well designed to enable growth avoiding unnecessary function. while retaining their character, expansion or duplication productive agriculture and of existing regional protect areas of primary infrastructure and services production significance. viticulture land, and the scenic landscapes that are valued by residents and visitors alike.
47 Chapter D Chapter `` promote strong linkages 11.3 Development in areas between all parts of the remote from infrastructure Principle 12 town, particularly between should be self-sufficient in Design towns to provide residential areas, town energy, water supplies, and
Pr centres, sporting and wastewater management. safe, healthy, accessible and
i recreational facilities, and appealing environments n 11.4 Retain the coastal living, c open space ip fishing and holiday appeal The way in which towns across l `` promote development of American River. Kangaroo Island are designed e on vacant land, surplus s Build on the cultural/ influences how they look and 11.5 a government land, renewed how well they function. The ease
n heritage tourist focus of existing developed d Penneshaw and Kingscote and safety of getting around
areas (where it does p by strengthening heritage town, the accessibility of services o not compromise town and facilities, and a sense of l and town character. i character or heritage) or ci community and civic pride are all infill sites in preference to Manage waste in accordance e 11.6 influenced by the way a town is s greenfield sites with the Zero Waste designed. SA hierarchy of waste `` locate land for rural living Towns and parts of towns can management practices (large residential allotments) develop a strong identity and (from the most preferred in such a way that it retains sense of place which can be to least preferred: avoid, opportunities for future town built on local history, unique reduce, re-use, recycle, expansion and does not natural features (for example, recover, treat, dispose) by impact on areas of primary coastline and hills), and future ensuring that settlements production significance aspirations. This identity should and developments have be determined, in part, by those `` retain a functional and appropriate space, facilities, who live there. visual separation between access and construction towns. methods. Features such as building height, rooflines, scale and building Manage the interface 11.7 setbacks can be used to contribute between primary production to, rather than detract from, town activities and urban areas and landscape character. and townships through appropriate separation buffers, screening vegetation and appropriate alignment of allotment boundaries.
48 Policies 12.5 Provide strong linkages 12.9 Design all developments, between coastal town including housing, holiday 12.1 Reinforce those elements (natural and built) that centres and the coast and homes, commercial, contribute to the unique between other town centres industrial and tourist character and identity of and key sites of tourism accommodation, to minimise towns, including landscapes, interest. their visual and physical intrusiveness and ensure building design, streetscape Manage interfaces between 12.6 they are sympathetic to design and built heritage. residential and industrial cultural and landscape areas and town centres to 12.2 Establish and retain distinct features. and attractive entrances to avoid potential conflicts. Apply WSUD principles in all towns. Encourage active lifestyles 12.10 12.7 new development and public by providing: 12.3 Retain town centres as the open spaces and encourage focus of retail, commercial, `` a range of open space, their application in existing recreation, entertainment, sport and recreation development. community and civic facilities in towns and activities in accordance with across the island the role and function of the town. `` walking and cycling facilities in towns, giving 12.4 Provide health, community consideration to the and education facilities and different needs of people services in suitable locations in the community. to provide equitable access to the community. 12.8 Develop safer towns by incorporating the principles set out in Designing Out Crime: Design Solutions for Safer Neighbourhoods, using Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles and consulting with South Australia Police.
49 Chapter D Chapter People’s housing needs and 13.4 Provide a range of Principle 13 preferences differ according accommodation for older Provide land for a supply to factors such as age, health, people and people with a income and cultural background. disability, and focus high-
Pr of diverse, affordable and A range of housing types level care accommodation in
i sustainable housing to should be provided in identified towns with health services. n c meet the needs of current areas of towns. These areas
ip Ensure that land is made must be compatible with town 13.5 l and future residents and available for public and
e character and landscapes, meet social housing in towns with s visitors environmental and industry needs,
a a service role.
n and be close to infrastructure and Considered planning is required d services. 13.6 Encourage provision of rental p to ensure that housing supply housing and accommodation o will meet the needs of people l for temporary workers in i who live and work on the island, Policies ci areas of demand. Ensure a 15-year zoned e taking into account demographic 13.1 s changes. Anticipated changes in supply of land for residential 13.7 Provide for 15 per cent demographics include increasing development in towns/centres affordable housing, including numbers of older people, although identified for growth (refer a 5 per cent component for population growth will be driven Principle 11 and Map D3). high needs housing, in all new housing developments primarily by local and regional Ensure appropriately 13.2 (in accordance with the employment opportunities. serviced towns provide a Housing Plan for South Retirees and holiday home owners range of housing types and Australia [2005]). could potentially add to overall densities to enable people housing demand. to stay in their community as 13.8 Retain caravan parks There is a shortage of housing their housing needs change and support the use of for permanent and seasonal and to cater for the island’s some parks to provide workers on the island’s western changing demographics. affordable rental housing, side. It is critical that opportunities particularly for temporary Provide opportunities for for housing are provided close 13.3 accommodation. higher density housing near to employment. Towns such as the town centres of larger Parndana, in the centre of the service towns, in particular island, could potentially provide Kingscote. residential land to meet some of this demand.
50 infrastructure and service provision
Chapter E
51 irsnf a t ucture and service provision
Chapter E Chapter E Chapter This chapter discusses the The State Government recognises Infrastructure, with the exception implications of the Kangaroo the importance of integrating land of major works, is the responsibility Island Plan for the provision and use and infrastructure planning. of the landowner. Given the long coordination of infrastructure and This approach aims to build lead times associated with industrial i n services in the region. strong and healthy communities development, the State Government fr Government agencies are required and ensure industrial and and other providers need to a commercial land supplies remain plan, coordinate and budget for
s to use the Kangaroo Island Plan t to identify infrastructure priorities, competitive by making the best infrastructure. This is particularly r use of existing infrastructure important with larger parcels of u such as health and education c capacity and ensuring new land that have been identified as
t centres, and are encouraged to u identify clear trigger points, such infrastructure and services are key future supply sites but have r strategically planned for and significant constraints. e as population growth in a particular a town, to indicate when new proceed in a timely manner. Further, the provision of n
d infrastructure is needed. The Strategic Infrastructure infrastructure should be linked
s Plan for South Australia (2005) with the Kangaroo Island Plan to e
rv is the first step in developing a ensure industrial and commercial coordinated long-term approach land is market-ready when it i c
e to infrastructure and service is needed, and appropriate
p provision throughout the state. It services are provided to support r provides a framework for planning the population and visitors. ov and delivery of infrastructure and This is crucial to ensure, firstly, i si services by all government and that funding is not prematurely o private sector providers, and invested in infrastructure and n identifies priorities for each region. services and, second, to avoid The priorities identified for underutilisation. This reinforces Kangaroo Island in the Strategic the need for ongoing information Infrastructure Plan are listed gathering and liaison with on the following pages. The the private sector and local Kangaroo Island Plan confirms government on industry and these priorities; provides community needs. further clarification as to where specifically in the island these infrastructure and services are most required; and identifies other potential pressures on infrastructure and services.
52 Priorities for Kangaroo Water and wastewater Transport Island identified in the Provide reticulated water to Upgrade the ferry terminal at Strategic Infrastructure Plan American River Kingscote for South Australia, Regional Provide additional local storage Redesign the Cape Jervis Overview, 2005-06–2014-15 capacity at Kingscote marshalling yards to improve safety and efficiency Explore opportunities to Land (economic development) work with local enterprises Redevelop the Cape Jervis Support a range of to fund the development of Harbour to cater for larger accommodation throughout the local community wastewater vessels island, based around the key management systems (CWMS) Develop fit-for-purpose road tourist drawcards of nature and Explore the viability of building and port facilities to support the viticulture connections between waste export of woodchips and grain Establish industrial zones on management schemes in Upgrade tourism roads on Kangaroo Island to support adjacent towns to maximise Kangaroo Island the development of woodchip utilisation export facilities. Designate Penneshaw as the Upgrade CWMS in small primary freight and passenger communities Energy ferry harbour Consider utilisation of Construct backup generation Maintain Kingscote wharf for combined industry/town waste and improve reliability of recreation and commercial projects to improve resource distribution network. operations recovery and value adding. Update the master plan for Kingscote Harbour, including the viability of the marina Extend the Kingscote airport runway and upgrade the terminal to cater for increased freight and tourist flights, if demand and a viable carrier are identified Investigate options to upgrade public transport.
53 Chapter E Chapter Information and communication Education and training Further issues related to technologies (ICT) Undertake capital works at infrastructure and services provision on the island, identified Develop a business case that schools in Kingscote. through the process of developing
i identifies and aggregates n the Kangaroo Island Plan, are: fr sufficient broadband demand Waste management to support expanded services the high cost of roadside a Upgrade the sewerage s in larger towns. infrastructure as development maintenance and clearing t r proceeds the lack of reliable energy u
c Health Develop regional cooperative access and supply, which is t Provide more aged care u schemes to manage solid currently an impediment to r facilities and services industry growth e waste recycling and disposal. (residential and community a the lack of waste management n aged care) to meet the needs d (including recycling) facilities of the ageing population
s and the prohibitive cost of e
rv Continue to upgrade hospital providing them facilities to better meet acute i c the need to increase the water service requirements and e storage capacity of the Middle p support the co-located delivery
r River Reservoir of primary health care services, ov including general practice, poor telecommunications i si allied health, mental health and coverage, which limits o Aboriginal programs. development opportunities n increasing tourist numbers, leading to more pressure to upgrade the airport terminal building.
54 app endICes
55 appix end 1 How the Plan was developed IC APP Figure 3 – The Kangaroo Island Plan process EN
D Stage Compile background data Output Issues paper, resource atlas Input from the Kangaroo Island (KI) E
S council, KI Development Board (KIDB), KI Natural Resources Management Board 1 (KINRMB), and SA government agencies
Interpret and analyse Synthesis and analysis – DPLG in discussion Stage with council, KIDB, KINRMB and SA Meet with council to confirm issues government agencies and priorities Workshop – SWOT analysis and Output 2 vision map SWOT summary, vision maps, areas of focus
Stage Test and refine Output Draft Kangaroo Island Plan (includes Discuss with council to refine spatial maps representing preferred future vision vision and determine priorities for the region and strategic priorities to Test against strategic objectives and guide actions) 3 key government directions
Stage Present draft Output Draft Kangaroo Island Plan forwarded Present draft Kangaroo Island Plan to Minister for Urban Development and to workshop participants and seek Planning for consideration to release feedback 4 for public consultation
Stage Release and consult Output Feedback from community consultation Publicly release draft Kangaroo considered Island Plan and seek feedback 5 from community/industry
Stage Finalise and release Output Final Kangaroo Island Plan forwarded Refine draft Kangaroo Island Plan to Minister for Urban Development and based on feedback received 6 Planning for consideration for approval
56 57 appix end 2 Infora m tion about kangaroo island IC APP INFRASTRUCTURE AND Transport Seaports
EN Seaports are located at SERVICES State and local roads
D Kingscote, used seasonally to Kangaroo Island’s community The State Government manages and economy is supported by haul grain to Port Adelaide and E and maintains the Kingscote to
S for periodic barge operations, the following infrastructure and Penneshaw road, the American services. and at Penneshaw, used for River access, and the Playford ferry services to Cape Jervis on Highway from Parndana to the mainland and the shipment Kingscote. The Kangaroo Island of bulky freight, fuel and stock. Council is responsible for about American River and Vivonne Bay 1360 kilometres of local roads, of handle small fishing fleets and which 237 kilometres are sealed. recreational visits but not any The main items transported to and freight operations. It is important from the island are agricultural that development adjacent to the products, including sheep, wool seaports does not compromise and grains, and forestry products. ongoing operations or detract The freight transport movement from the long-term viability of sea peaks in summer during harvest, freight to and from the island. which also coincides with the New bulk-loading facilities are high season for tourists. With being considered at Ballast Head, increasing numbers of tourists near American River, to service and more and larger freight using the blue gum industry. the road network, there is potential for conflict between road users (residents, tourists, buses and freight vehicles). A combination of engineering, education and enforcement measures will be essential for managing the ongoing safety and efficiency of the road network.
58 Air services Health Education Air services are operated daily Health services are located Education facilities include the by two main carriers through at community health centres Kangaroo Island Community Kingscote Airport, which is owned in Kingscote, American River, Education multi-campus school by the council. It is important that Penneshaw and Parndana. The (with facilities at Parndana, development close to the airport island’s only hospital, located Kingscote and Penneshaw) and does not compromise ongoing in Kingscote, provides general, the TAFE campus in Kingscote. airport operations or detract accident and emergency Many island students are forced from the long-term viability of air services. Two other facilities in the to pursue vocational and post- access to the island. town provide high- and low-level educational training on the patient care. Many specialist mainland due to limits in the Passenger transport services require travel to Adelaide. scope of vocational streams on Passenger transport is a critical Growth in the health and offer and the size of the facilities. issue in rural areas, particularly for community services sector is older people and people without anticipated as the population Waste management access to a car, including tourists. ages. Attracting qualified nursing Waste management is handled at Currently passenger transport staff and other workers to the a council-operated major waste services are limited on the island, island will be a challenge. transfer station at Kingscote. All with no taxi service and bus putrescible waste and recyclables services operating only between are transported to the mainland. Kingscote and Penneshaw (in Green waste is received at association with the sea ferry) and Kingscote and composted. A between Kingscote and the airport. biosolids receiving facility has also Demand for passenger transport been established. services will increase as the The council also operates bulky number of older people living on waste compounds at Penneshaw, the island rises and people move to American River, Parndana and the island from metropolitan areas. Vivonne Bay. Materials are transported to the waste transfer station at Kingscote and then to the mainland.
59 IC APP Community wastewater Mains water Information and communications
EN management systems Mains water for Kingscote and technology (ICT)
D Community wastewater Parndana is sourced from the ICT access varies across the management systems (CWMS) Middle River Dam. The dam island. Since the closure of the E
S are operated and maintained operates at capacity during CDMA network, there has been by the council at Kingscote, summer, and during significant significant migration to the 3G Parndana, Parndana East droughts it must be supplemented network; however, this does (Research Centre) and American with water from other sources. A not extend to all areas of the River. At the time of this plan's desalination plant at Penneshaw island. Mobile phone towers publication a CWMS was planned supplies fresh water to the town. have been installed at Kingscote, for Penneshaw. Built development Other areas of the island rely on Penneshaw, Parndana, Seal Bay, in other areas of the island relies rainwater. Rocky River and Vivonne Bay. on on-site wastewater disposal. SA Water is currently undertaking Broadband access is limited There is a need for these systems a long-term plan for the water and three forms are available: to be upgraded to minimise supply that includes identifying satellite, ADSL and ISDN. The pollution and to ensure their options for future water supply latter is available through nine of capacity matches the scale and systems augmentation. the island’s 11 exchanges. Dial-up of developments in the town internet access is provided by two wastewater drainage catchments. Electricity internet service providers. The upgrade of the Parndana Electricity is sourced from the CWMS will enable the collection of mainland grid network via a stormwater for re-use in irrigating submarine cable. The island public spaces. The Kingscote grid network has more than 1100 CWMS will also be upgraded. circuit kilometres of distribution Future development in areas and four substations, located not serviced by a CWMS needs at Penneshaw, American River, to be carefully considered Macgillivray and Kingscote. ETSA and designed to ensure that Utilities maintains two generators wastewater disposal does not near Kingscote to back up the have any adverse impacts on grid supply for the Kingscote the environment. area. Remote control switching equipment is installed at the American River substation to reduce the number and length of power outages.
60 THE ENVIRONMENT Parks and protected areas Biodiversity conservation Kangaroo Island’s spectacular About 30 per cent of the island Kangaroo Island contains scenery, unique history and is part of the parks reserve some of the state’s most intact prolific wildlife are valued by system, which is managed by the ecosystems and provides habitat all South Australians, local Department for Environment and for the largest number of endemic communities and visitors. These Heritage. species in any region of the features have made the island The island features 28 protected state. The island supports a large one of Australia’s most popular areas covering over 116,000 ha number of biodiversity assets, international tourist destinations. (or 25 per cent of the island's land including a number of state and The island’s landscapes support a area). Important protected areas nationally threatened plants and diverse range of bio-regions and include Flinders Chase National animals, many of which are found environmental systems. A higher Park, Seal Bay Conservation Park, nowhere else in the world. population and increased visitor Kelly Hill Conservation Park, Cape Much of the eastern part of numbers will place more strain on Gantheaume Wilderness Protection the island has been cleared the island’s environment. Area and Ravine des Casoars for agriculture and many of the Several strategies aim to Wilderness Protection Area. unique plant communities in this maintain and enhance the This is by far the highest area are under threat. Of the environmental qualities of the proportion of protected areas in remaining native vegetation, 64 island. They include the State the agricultural regions of South per cent is conserved either in Natural Resources Management Australia. government reserves or under Plan (2006), Kangaroo Island vegetation heritage agreements. Natural Resources Management Marine protected areas (MPAs) Almost 30 per cent of the island is Plan (2009), Biodiversity Plan for are located at Seal Bay, Bales reserved under the National Parks Kangaroo Island South Australia Beach, Pelican Lagoon and and Wildlife Act 1972 and the (2001), Marine Plans and the The Pages. These areas are an Wilderness Protection Act 1992. important fisheries management Living Coast Strategy for South Roadside reserves are particularly Australia (2004). tool and support the maintenance of fisheries and their critical important on Kangaroo Island. In habitats. some areas several vegetation species and plant communities of high conservation value are found primarily or solely in roadside reserves. Kangaroo Island also contains some of the least disturbed inland freshwater wetlands in the state, located primarily at the western end of the island. At the eastern end of the island, dry-land salinity is posing a threat to wetlands.
61 IC APP Threats to biodiversity on the Parts of the coast are at risk of Marine Plans are being
EN island include potential tensions coastal flooding and erosion, and progressively developed to ensure with fire and water regimes, this will increase in the event of that the future development and D fragmentation, native vegetation future sea level rise due to climate use of the marine environment is
E clearance, pest plants and change. sustainable. These Marine Plans S animals, overabundant native The topography of Kangaroo will complement the Kangaroo species, Phytophthora dieback, Island’s coast varies from the Island Plan and need to be taken and grazing stock. low-lying samphire flats of the into account when reviewing Cygnet River and wetlands such and updating the council’s Coastal, estuarine and marine as Pelican and Murray lagoons Development Plan. environments to high cliff formations, such Kangaroo Island’s appeal relies as those along the north coast Water resources largely on its natural heritage, of from Cape Borda to North Cape, There are many water ecosystems which its coastal landscapes are interspersed with small sandy on the island, including identified as the most important coves. The island has a variety watercourses, wetlands and element. of vegetated and unvegetated tidal estuaries. The major water catchment areas include the High priorities for coastal areas dune systems: extensive sand Cygnet, Middle, Eleanor, Rocky, are to ensure the conservation dunes along the south coast, Stunsail Boom, South West, of coastal features and scenic sand dunes that extend inland Harriet, Chapman and Wilson quality, enable appropriate such as the sand drifts of Little rivers. Timber Creek flows into public access, and ensure that Sahara, and cliff-top dunes Murray Lagoon, which is situated development is not subject to along the south-east coastline. in a landlocked basin on the coastal hazards. Development in The variety of landforms reflects limestone coastal lowlands in the coastal areas should protect and major geological differences and south. The Breakneck and Rocky conserve this fragile environment variation in the influence of wind rivers are the only rivers in South and maintain its biodiversity. and waves along the coast. Australia that have intact and Increased visitor numbers will The coast is abundant in native undeveloped catchments, which require an expansion of the wildlife, including the osprey, are located in National Parks and island’s infrastructure, particularly white-bellied sea-eagle, little wildlife reserves. in accommodation and penguin, hooded plover, glossy recreational facilities in coastal black cockatoo and Australian areas. Responsible nature- sea lion, all of which depend on based tourism facilities and other the natural coastline for survival. infrastructure are also required. Coastal areas, particularly along the north coast, also contain land used for grazing and cropping, which is expected to continue.
62 Careful management of water Managing climate change To this end, the Department of resources is required to ensure Climate change projections Primary Industries and Resources sufficient and reliable flows to indicate reduced rainfall SA (PIRSA) has been working support the island’s environmental across the state, which would with the grain and wine industries systems as well as its economic have significant impacts on on the island, and investing growth. The main challenges natural resources and primary in research into the potential facing the island are the production. For example, the impacts of climate change on development of reliable water Australian Bureau of Agricultural specific crops and options for supplies, contingency planning and Resource Economics alternative primary production in the event of prolonged drought (ABARE) has estimated that South and adaptation techniques threatening the supply from Australian wheat production could (for example, environmental Middle River dam, infrastructure decline by 8–9 per cent by 2030 management systems). PIRSA is failure, and competition between and 12–13 per cent by 2050, and also conducting research on the land uses. sheep meat outputs could decline island aimed at encouraging and The State Government and by 6–8 per cent by 2030 and improving farm forestry activities, the local Natural Resources 12–13 per cent by 2050.7 including in low rainfall areas, Management Board are currently which will aid climate change The State Government is adaptation and the achievement considering the impact of continually monitoring these competing land use on water of the state’s carbon sequestration impacts and has developed targets. supply in dry or drought years to responses in relation to issues inform the use and management such as transport, housing For this reason, it is critical that of water resources on the island. design, natural resources, and areas identified as being of energy. These are detailed in primary production significance Tackling Climate Change: South be shown in the Development Australia’s Greenhouse Strategy Plan and that planning policies for 2007–2020. A key objective of these areas restrict development the plan is strengthening the not directly related to primary resilience of primary industries to production and related value- the potential impacts of climate adding activities. change.
7 A Wright, ‘Climate change impacts on agriculture’, in Australian Commodities, December quarter 07.4, ABARE, Commonwealth Government, Canberra, 2007,
63 IC APP The economy and economic The island is renowned for its The island also has strong
EN high quality value-added food potential for the production of high development opportunities products, including wine, cheese, value cool-climate horticulture D Primary production and marron, olive oil, free-range crops. The cost of transport
E chickens and Ligurian honey. favours value-added products,
S processing Viticulture is an emerging industry: such as seed potato and saffron Agricultural, food and beverage the island has about 30 grape production, rather than bulk industries contributed a significant growers and several processing commodity products. amount—$72 million—to the facilities are being developed. island’s economy in 2005–06.8 Commercial fishing contributes The cropping industry (including about $12.6 million in gross Agriculture, fisheries and forestry canola, wheat, barley and oats) revenue to the island’s economy. are the island’s largest employers, has also expanded significantly Aquaculture also makes a accounting for 23.4 per cent of during the past five years, with significant contribution and the jobs. Wool, sheep, and cattle total production of about 60,000 island has several aquaculture production is one of the greatest tonnes. licence holders, most of which contributors to the agricultural are land based. economy, with increasing Kangaroo Island is a GMO-free numbers of producers growing zone. Due to the nature and Plantation and farm forestry fine wool and prime lambs. Wool location of the island, it is well has nearly tripled during the production contributed more than positioned to benefit from this past 15 years, generally on the $14 million to the economy in zoning. western end of the island, with 2005–06.9 The island is home to the last a mixture of softwoods and pure strain of Ligurian bees in hardwoods covering 19,673 the world, with eight commercial hectares (including 904 hectares growers operating thriving honey planted for carbon offsetting) and honey products businesses. in 2008. A major sawmill and timber processing facility located Some honey, poultry and egg at Timber Creek near Parndana producers meet strict biodynamic employs more than 30 people. certification requirements. Transporting the timber to the Retention of the GMO-free status mainland and markets beyond will is vital to these industries. create significant infrastructure challenges and, as a result, new bulk loading facilities are being considered at Ballast Head (near American River).
8 South Australian Food Centre, Kangaroo Island Regional Food Scorecard 2005–06, SAFC, Government of South Australia, c.2007, 64 Tourism and recreation Tourism generates about 15 Mineral exploration and Kangaroo Island is one of South per cent of direct employment development on the island, providing about Australia’s premier tourism assets. Kangaroo Island is considered 300 full-time equivalent jobs—a The appeal of the island lies important for mineral exploration much higher percentage than in in its natural heritage, coastal and development, and exploration other South Australian regions. landscapes, secluded beaches licences are current for lead, zinc, Employment in the hospitality and water-based activities such copper and gold. Some mining service sector (accommodation, as recreational fishing. leases are located in the central cafes and restaurants) is more and eastern parts of the island for With 21 National and Conservation than twice the state average. Parks covering more than 30 limited agricultural use and local per cent of its land, the island Most visitors are from mainland construction material use. South Australia or interstate, and is promoted as a world-class There has been some petroleum the island is a popular place to nature-based tourist destination exploration on the island and in own a holiday home. It is also and is regarded as a critical asset adjacent waters, and potential South Australia’s most popular in the continued development of exists for oil and gas and international tourist destination: the state’s and the nation’s tourism geothermal energy. The island’s one-third of its visitors are from industry. parks and wilderness areas are overseas. Nature-based tourism is a major excluded from exploration and industry on Kangaroo Island Tourism is already placing great mining. Any planned extension and provides the highest level of stress on available facilities of towns should be assessed for economic return of any industry and services such as road their potential impact on resource sector. Responsible nature-based maintenance, and this will exploration or extraction activity. tourism facilities and associated worsen with tourism growth. infrastructure are required to support this industry. Food and wine are also growing tourism sectors, with further potential given the island’s clean and green image. 65 IC APP COMMUNITIES AND Kangaroo Island has a below community services and facilities, EN average population aged from including health care, hospitals CHANGING SETTLEMENT 15 to 24 (8.7 per cent) and an and public transport. Aged care D PATTERNS above average population aged accommodation, hostel living E Kangaroo Island is home to about from 45 to 64 (32.6 per cent) and nursing homes are provided S 4500 people; 0.3 per cent of compared to the state averages in Kingscote; however, more the state’s total population. This of 13.3 per cent and 26.1 per cent facilities are likely to be required number has steadily increased respectively. to meet future needs and provide over recent years at a higher rate The number of people aged over opportunities for people to stay in than the state average. Population 65 on the island is projected to their local area as they age. projections indicate growth to increase significantly (see Figure The Aboriginal population in about 5300 people by 2016 and 10 2.1), as it is for South Australia as Kangaroo Island is very small about 5400 by 2021. a whole. Shifts in the demographic and represents a below average balance as the population proportion of the total population ages will have implications for (0.7 per cent). Figure 2.1 – Population change by age, 2001–21, Kangaroo Island 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 Number of People Number of People 400 200 0 0–14 15–24 25–44 45–64 65+ 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 Age Group Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing, various years. 10 Department of Further Education, Employment, Science and Technology, Kangaroo Island Regional Profile, DFEEST, Adelaide, 2008. 66 Supporting the people who live Almost one-third of private on the island will continue to be dwellings are unoccupied, some a priority. In addition, attracting of which may be holiday houses. skilled labour to support existing Key determinants to be and emerging industries may see considered in planning for urban a rise in people from overseas development include the ability to: settling on the island. These people may require support in provide adequate and reliable skills training and overcoming water and power supplies language and cultural barriers. ensure equitable access to Provision of suitable and services to meet the future appropriately located housing needs of communities to meet the needs of the islands population, including for aged protect strategically important accommodation, will need to be primary production and planned for. industrial areas ensure development does not Housing affordability and rental detract from the quintessential accommodation character of towns and Outright ownership of homes on landscapes Kangaroo Island is significantly reduce environmental impacts higher (38.6 per cent) than the by including the use of low state average (33.7 per cent), energy, water re-use and waste and homes with mortgages are recycling systems. correspondingly lower (27.3 per cent compared to the state average of 33.5 per cent). The proportion of rented dwellings (25.5 per cent) is very close to the state average, and the South Australian Housing Trust maintains a small share of the rental market on the island (3.3 per cent). 67 appix end 3 Contribution of the Plan to South Australia’s Strategic Plan targets IC APP Table 3.1 – Linkages with South Australia’s Strategic Plan EN D Kangaroo Island Plan principle South Australia’s Strategic Plan Target E S Ev n ironmental and cultural assets 1. Recognise, protect and restore Kangaroo Island’s T3.1 Lose no species; T3.2 Land biodiversity; environmental assets T3.3 Soil protection; T3.4 Marine biodiversity; T3.7 Ecological footprint; T3.9 Sustainable water supply 2. Protect people, property and the environment T2.4 Healthy South Australians; T2.7 Psychological from exposure to hazards wellbeing 3. Identify and protect places of heritage and cultural T1.15 Tourism industry; T2.7 Psychological wellbeing; significance, and desired town character T6.1 Aboriginal wellbeing; T5.9 Regional population levels 4. Create the conditions for the island to adapt and T3.5 Greenhouse gas emissions reduction; become resilient to the impacts of climate change T3.7 Ecological footprint; T3.9 Sustainable water supply; T3.13 Energy efficiency— government buildings ; T3.14 Energy efficiency— dwellings 5. Identify and protect places of heritage, character T6.1 Aboriginal wellbeing; T2.7 Psychological wellbeing; and cultural significance T4.5 Understanding Aboriginal culture; T5.9 Regional population levels 68 Kangaroo Island Plan principle South Australia’s Strategic Plan Target Economic development 5. Protect and build on the island’s strategic infrastructure T1.1 Economic growth; T1.2 Competitive business climate ; T1.14 Total exports T1.21 Strategic infrastructure 6. Retain and strengthen the economic potential of T1.1 Economic growth, T1.10 Jobs; T 1.14 Total exports; the island’s primary production land T5.9 Regional population levels 7. Strengthen local commercial fishing and aquaculture T1.1 Economic growth, T1.10 Jobs; T1.14 Total exports industries 8. Reinforce the island as a preferred tourism destination T1.10 Jobs, T1.15 Tourism industry; T1.21 Strategic infrastructure; T1.5 Business investment 9. Provide and protect serviced and well-sited industrial T1.1 Economic growth; T1.2 Competitive business climate ; land to meet projected demand T1.5 Business investment; T1.10 Jobs; T 1.14 Total exports; T1.21 Strategic infrastructure 10. Ensure commercial development is well sited and T1.1 Economic Growth; T1.5 Business investment; T1.10 Jobs; designed to support the role and function of towns T1.21 Strategic infrastructure Pou p lation and settlements 11. Strategically plan and manage the growth of towns T1.21 Strategic infrastructure; T3.7 Ecological footprint; T5.9 Regional population levels; T3.7 Ecological footprint ; T3.8 Zero waste 12. Design towns to provide safe, healthy, accessible T2.4 Healthy South Australians; T2.7 Psychological and appealing environments wellbeing; T2.8 Statewide crime rates 13. Provide land for a supply of diverse, affordable and T5.9 Regional population levels; T6.7 Affordable housing; sustainable housing to meet the needs of current T6.8 Housing stress; T6.9 Aboriginal housing; T6.10 Housing and future residents and visitors for people with disabilities; T1.24 Overseas migration 69 appix end 4 Rlee at d reports, strategies and plans IC APP Various plans, strategies and Australian Bureau of Statistics DEH (2006) Marine Planning EN research have been considered (2007) 2006 Census of Population Framework for South Australia, during the development of the and Housing, various data, ABS, Government of South Australia D Kangaroo Island Plan. Many of Canberra DEH (2003) Nature Links— E these reports were developed in Coast Protection Board (2003) Implementing the Wild Country S consultation with industry and the Coastline: A Strategy for Philosophy in South Australia, local community. The detailed Implementing CPB Policies on Government of South Australia research and analysis contained Coastal Acid Sulfate Soils in South DEH (2003) Wetlands Strategy for in these documents underpin and Australia, DEH, Government of complement the Plan. South Australia, Government of South Australia South Australia Coast Protection Board (1992) Department for Water Resources Coastline: Coastal erosion, (2000) State Water Plan, flooding and sea level rise Government of South Australia standards and protection policy, DEH, Government of South Department of Further Education, Australia Employment, Science and Technology (2008) Kangaroo Coast Protection Board (2004) Island Employment and Skills Coast Protection Board Policy Network Region Regional Profile, Document, Endorsed 30 August Government of South Australia 2002, DEH, Government of South Australia Department of Housing and Urban Development (1994) Department for Environment and Human Services Planning Kit, Heritage (2004) Blueprint for the 2nd edn, South Australian Urban South Australian Representative Land Trust, Government of South System of Marine Protected Areas, Australia Government of South Australia Department of Human Services DEH (forthcoming) Estuaries and Environment Protection Policy and Action Plan for South Agency (1999) South Australian Australia, Government of South Reclaimed Water Guidelines, Australia Government of South Australia DEH (2003) Heritage Directions: A Future for Built Heritage in South Australia, Government of South Australia 70 Department of Justice (various) EPA (2003) Environment Government of South Australia Crime Prevention Through Protection (Water Quality) Policy (2005) Housing Plan for South Environmental Design Program, and Explanatory Report 2003, Australia refer Crime Prevention Unit, Government of South Australia Government of SA (2009) Department of Justice, EPA (2004) EPA Guidelines— Managing the Water Resource Government of South Australia, Bunding and Spill Management, Impacts of Plantation Forests: A 71 IC APP Kangaroo Island Development PIRSA (2009) Guidelines for Urban and Regional Planning EN Board (2008) Strategic Plan Plantation Forestry in South Solutions, in association with 2008–2011 Australia, Government of South Ecological Associates (2006) D Kangaroo Island Development Australia Kangaroo Island Strategic E Plan PIRSA and Soil Conservation Tourism Plan, report prepared for S Council (SA) (2001) South Kangaroo Island Development Lothian A (2005) ‘Coastal Board and others Viewscapes of South Australia’, Australian Dryland Salinity report prepared for DEH, Strategy, Government of South Zero Waste SA (2005) South Government of South Australia Australia Australia’s Waste Strategy Seaman RL (2002) Wetland 2005–2010, Government of McInnes KL, Suppiah R, Whetton South Australia PH, Hennessy KJ and Jones RN Inventory for the Mount Lofty (2003) Climate Change in South Ranges, report prepared for DEH, Australia—Report on Assessment Government of South Australia of Climate Change, Impacts and South Australian Tourism Possible Adaptation Strategies Commission (SATC) and DEH Relevant to South Australia, (2003) Responsible Nature-based CSIRO Atmospheric Research Tourism Strategy 2004–2009, Planning SA (2004) Designing Out Government of South Australia Crime: Design Solutions for Safer SATC (2005) Design Neighbourhoods, Government of Guidelines for Sustainable South Australia Tourism Development (draft for Planning SA (2006) Planning consultation), Government of Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia Government of South Australia SATC (Dec 2005) Draft Policy Planning SA (2006) Planning Statement Marina Development, Strategy for Outer Metropolitan Government of South Australia Adelaide Region, Government of SATC (2002) South Australian South Australia Tourism Plan 2003–2008: Primary Industries and Resources Inspiring Partnerships for SA (PIRSA) (2000) Directions Sustainable Tourism, Government for Managing Salinity in South of South Australia Australia, Government of South Australia 72 glossary 73 glossary glo Acid sulfate soils The common name given to naturally occurring soils containing iron sulfides ssa (predominantly pyrite). When exposed to oxygen due to drainage, excavation or r disturbance, they produce sulfuric acid and trigger the release of iron, aluminium y and heavy metals. Once mobilised, the acid and minerals can kill vegetation, destroy building materials and seep into wetlands, killing fish and other aquatic organisms. Affordable housing Affordable housing is housing that is appropriate to the needs of households with low and moderate incomes (that is, up to 120 per cent of gross annual median income). The indicative affordable house purchase price for these groups— currently $225,000—is determined by the affordability indicators gazetted on 8 October 2009 (p. 4818) or in the Development Act 1993 and South Australian Housing Trust (General) Regulations 1995. Biodiversity The variety of life in all its forms and at all levels of organisation, as well as the ecological and evolutionary processes through which genes, species and ecosystems interact with one another and with their environment. Climate change A change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer (The Garnaut Climate Change Review, 2008). Community A system or scheme that is installed and operated by an individual council for Wastewater the collection, treatment and disposal (including by recycling) of wastewater. Management System (CWMS) Density Density is a measure of the population (persons) or the number of dwelling units in a given area. Development Plan The Kangaroo Island Development Plan should seek to promote the provisions of the South Australian Planning Strategy and may set out to include planning or development objectives or principles. They are the principal document in South Australia used to assess development. Distributed Where a generating unit is connected to a distribution network and not having or embedded direct access to the transmission network. generation 74 Employment lands Concentrated areas where people are employed on a full- or part-time basis in a wide range of employment industry categories including: agriculture; mining; electricity; construction; wholesaling; communication; finance; property; government; cultural and personal services; education, health and community services; manufacturing; retailing; accommodation; and cafes and restaurants. Freight corridors Road or rail corridors for the movement of freight. Green industry Green industries are primarily concerned with the supply of energy from renewable sources such as wind, solar and water (including waste), and those industries concerned with assisting other sectors of the economy to meet the climate change challenge by reducing their reliance on carbon-based energy supply. Greenhouse gas Polluting carbon substances released into the atmosphere. emissions Gross state Gross state product is the measurement of economic output of the state. It is the product (GSP) sum of all value added by industries in the state. Indigenous Land An Indigenous Land Use Agreement is a voluntary agreement between a native Use Agreement title group and others for the use and management of the land and/or water (ILUA) covered by the agreement. Rural living Large residential allotments outside towns that allow for minor primary production activity. Strategic The Local Government Act 1999 requires councils to apply a strategic approach Management Plans in all actions they undertake through the preparation of Strategic Management Plans. These plans articulate council goals and objectives and the vision for the community and are intended to complement the regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy, that is, the Kangaroo Island Plan. Sustainable Forms of development that meet the needs of the present without compromising development the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Water demand Water demand is taken to be the measurement of all water uses in the region from all water sources for the purposes of essential human needs, the economy and the environment. 75 glo Water Water infrastructure includes treatment systems (including wetlands), pumps, ssa infrastructure pipelines, storages (including aquifers) and other natural or constructed means r of transferring water of appropriate quality from its source to the demand point. y Water security Water security has been taken to mean the availability of an appropriate quantity of water at an appropriate quality to meet the needs of the community. This includes the provision of potable and fit-for-purpose water supplies, collection and treatment of wastewater and the management of stormwater and groundwater resources. Water-sensitive Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is an approach to urban planning and urban design design that integrates the management of the total water cycle into the urban (WSUD) development process. It includes: the integrated management of groundwater, surface run-off (including stormwater), drinking water and wastewater to protect water-related environmental, recreational and cultural values the storage, treatment and beneficial use of run-off the treatment and re-use of wastewater using vegetation for treatment purposes, water-efficient landscaping and enhancing biodiversity using water-saving measures inside and outside domestic, commercial, industrial and institutional premises to minimise requirements for drinking and non-drinking water supplies. WSUD incorporates all water resources, including surface water, groundwater, urban and roof run-off, and wastewater. 76