DOCSLIB.ORG

The Effect of Political Conflicts and War on Meaning and Use of Public Squares:Derna Example, Libya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Effect of Political Conflicts and War on Meaning and Use of Public Squares:Derna Example, Libya THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL CONFLICTS AND WAR ON MEANING AND USE OF PUBLIC SQUARES:DERNA EXAMPLE, LIBYA NIDAL AGFIAR February 2019 THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL CONFLICTS AND WAR ON MEANING AND USE OF PUBLIC SQUARES:DERNA EXAMPLE, LIBYA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF ÇANKAYA UNIVERSITY BY NIDAL FATHI IBRAHIM AGFIAR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE February 2019 iii ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL CONFLICTS AND WAR ON MEANING AND USE OF PUBLIC SQUARES: DERNA EXAMPLE, LIBYA Nidal AGFIAR Department of Interior Architecture Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr.Çiğdem Berdi GOKHAN February 2019 Social life plays a vital role in the urban public spaces; many studies have considered this role as the major influence in designing successful gathering space. This role includes social –culture value, people needs, and identity of the local society. So, this study aims analysis the problem of urban public space in the case of; first losing the role of society in designing the contemporary public space, as well as ignore the social change as the major influence in design process, Second in the event of the Libyan civil war, what the influence of the war on public space in Libyan cities and on the society. These factors of social changing and the event of the war must be taking into account in the future of design process. The method will be relying on the case study in Libyan cities, and the Derna city will be our example for this approaches, so the finding of this study will answer the question of "What are the future of public space in the light of social changing and the event of the war?" this approach will analysis the situation of war which influence the society and their public space. So this study helps local architects and city planners to develop the future of local design process. The important of the study due to it is a comprehensive approach which contents all factors have impacted people, spaces and built environment during the hard event of the civil war. Keywords: Social life, Urban Public Spaces, Gathering Space, Social –Culture Value, Social Changing, Contemporary Public space, Design Process, Comprehensive Approach, Built Environment. iv ÖZ SİYASAL ÇATIŞMALARIN VE SAVAŞLARIN KAMU ALANLARININ ANLAMI VE KULLANILMASI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DERNA ÖRNEĞİ, LİBYA Nidal AGFIAR İç Mimarlık Bölümü Danışman: Doç.Dr. Çiğdem Berdi GÖKHAN Şubat 2019 Kentsel kamusal alanlarda sosyal yaşam hayati bir rol oynar; birçok çalışma bu rolü başarılı toplanma mekanları tasarlanmasında ana etki olarak değerlendirmiştir. Bu rol, sosyal kültür değerini, insanların ihtiyaçlarını ve yerel toplumun kimliğini içerir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, kentsel kamusal alan probleminin analizinde, ilk olarak toplumun çağdaş kamusal alanı tasarlamadaki rolünü kaybetmesiyle birlikte, tasarım sürecindeki en büyük etki olarak toplumsal değişimin de görmezden gelinmesinin incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Dahası, Libya iç savaşı durumunda, savaşın Libya kentlerinde kamusal alan ve toplum üzerindeki etkisinin ne olduğu tartışılacaktır. Sosyal değişimin bu faktörleri ve savaş durumları tasarım sürecinin geleceğinde dikkate alınmalıdır. Yöntem, Libya şehirlerindeki örnek olay incelemesine dayanacaktır ve Derna şehri bu yaklaşımlara örnek olacaktır, bu nedenle bu çalışmanın bulguları “Toplumsal değişimin ve savaş durumunun ışığında kamusal alanın geleceği nedir?” sorusuna cevap verecektir. Bu yaklaşım toplumu ve kamusal alanını etkileyen savaş durumunu analiz edecektir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma yerel mimarlara ve şehir plancılarına yerel tasarım sürecinin geleceğini geliştirme konusunda yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın önemi, iç savaşın zorlukları sırasında insanları, mekanları ve yapılı çevreyi etkileyen tüm faktörlerin içeriğini kapsamlı bir yaklaşımla ele almasıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal yaşam, kentsel kamusal alanlar, toplanma mekanı, sosyal kültür değeri, sosyal değişim, çağdaş kamusal alan, tasarım süreci, kapsamlı yaklaşım, yapılı çevre. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of God, praise be to God, prayer and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah. My greatest acknowledgement goes to my academic supervisor, Assist. Prof.Dr Çiğdem Berdi GOKHAN, for the tremendous assistance provided in terms of guidance, suggestions and encouragement throughout study processes. I would also like to thank the rest of the members of the Thesis Committee for their advice, recommendation, and guidance. Also, I would like to thank all individuals and organizations for their data that had a positive impact on the completion of the study. Our appreciation extends to all my friends and colleagues who have helped on various occasions. I owe my deepest gratitude to my parents, my family, with special thanks to my lovely wife (Eman Sasi) and my dearly children for their patience and continued support throughout my study. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF NON-PLAGIARISM .................. Error! Bookmark not defined. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ iv ÖZ ………………………………………………………………………………….. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................... 13 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER II .............................................................................................................. 17 2. CONCEPT OF PUBLIC SPACES AND PUBLIC SQUARES ......................... 17 2.1 Definitions, Types and Aspects of Public Spaces and Public Squares ---- 17 2.2 Activities within Public Spaces ------------------------------------------------- 23 2.3 The Characteristic of Urban Space --------------------------------------------- 26 2.4 Aspects of Public squares -------------------------------------------------------- 29 2.4.1. Environmental Aspects ................................................................ 29 2.5 Some Urban Theories in Relation to Open Public Spaces after the 20th Century ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 2.6 Development of Public Spaces and the Public Square…………..….44 2.7 Theories of Social Gathering Spaces Development of Public Spaces in Traditional Islamic Cities..........................................................................47 3. ASPECTS OF PUBLIC SPACE AND CONDITIONS OF CHANGE .............. 64 3.1. Factors Affecting the Formation of Public Spaces -------------------------- 64 vii 3.1.1.Social Developments and Changes and the Public Space .................... 65 3.1.2.Examples of public spaces and their attributes which has been changed due to war ……………………………………………..…………..67 CHAPTER IV ............................................................................................................ 78 4. A CASE STUDY OF DERNA TRADITIONAL AND SQUARE .................... 78 4.1. Urban Public Areas and Developments in Derna………………………78 4.1.1. Historical Background of the Traditional Libyan Public Space a----- 78 4.1.2. - Libyan Urban Planning Process from 1968 to 2025..........................78 4.1.3.The Issue of the Public Square in the Libyan Literature Compar ..... 789 4.2.the analysis of world`s public squares examples ...................................... 89 4.4. Towards Building Hypotheses..............................................................92 5. SURVEY AND ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 95 5.1 Research Methodology ----------------------------------------------------------- 95 5.1.1. The survey ............................................................................................. 96 5.1.2.The survey ; Back ground of Case Study Area :Traditional square analysis (Al Bayasah Al Hamra...................................................................104 5.2.Final Results of the Questionnaire -------------------------------------------- 127 5.3.Proofs of the Hypotheses and Research Questions ------------------------- 132 5.4. Results of the Proof of the Hypothesis ................................................ 140 CHAPTER VI .......................................................................................................... 141 6. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................................ 141 6.1 Conclusion ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 141 6.2 FinalResults of the Questionnaire --------------------------------------------- 141 6.3 Discussion ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 144 6.4 Recommendations --------------------------------------------------------------- 146 REFERENCE ........................................................................................................... 148 APPENDIX (A) THE QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................. 153 APPENDIX (B) : COMPARE ................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Relationship Between Organisational Culture and Knowledge Sharing in the Information Communication Technology Firms in Libya
    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN THE INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FIRMS IN LIBYA BELQAIS ALLALI Ph.D. Thesis 2016 ! ! THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN THE INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FIRMS IN LIBYA BELQAIS ALLALI School of the Built Environment University of Salford, Salford, UK Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 ! ! Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... I! List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... VIII! List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... X! ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...................................................................................................... XI! ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................ XIV! ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………..XV! Chapter 1.! Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 ! Research Background .................................................................................................. 1! ! Research Rationale .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • North Africa in Troubled Times
    VOLUME 7 - ISSUE 4 AUTUMN 2018 NORTH AFRICA INHOPE TROUBLED TIMES Strengthening private Does ‘the economy, Deepening A tale of several sector engagement in stupid’ still apply in democracy in stories: EU-North Africa job creation in North North Africa? transitional Tunisia: relations revisited Africa James Moran, a new chapter for Silvia Colombo, Head of Lilia Hachem Naas, Associate Senior local governance the Mediterranean and Director of the United Research Fellow, Intissar Kherigi, Middle East Programme Nations Economic Centre for European co-founder of the at the Istituto Affari Commission for Africa Policy Studies Jasmine Foundation Internazionali Contents 3 Editorial 4 The state of transitions in North Africa ECDPM’s Great Insights magazine offers a quick and accessible summary of cutting-edge analysis on international cooperation and Europe-Africa Perspectives from North Africa relations. It includes an independent overview of analysis and commentary from a wide variety 6 Strengthening private sector engagement in job creation in North of experts and high-level officials and provides Africa: challenges and responses updates on policy debates in Africa and Europe. Lilia Hachem Naas, Director of the United Nations Economic Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Commission for Africa (UNECA), Morocco individual authors. What is left for civil activism in Tunisia? Publisher European Centre for Development 10 Policy Management (ECDPM) Solidar Tunisia Executive editor Virginia Mucchi Guest editors Tasnim Abderrahim and Jean 13 Charting the way forward for women local mediators in Libya Bossuyt Zahra’ Langhi, Co-founder & CEO of the Libyan Women’s Platform Editorial and production assistance Jacquie Dias and Joyce Olders for Peace, Libya Web editor Jacquie Dias Language editors Michelle Luijben and Susan 17 Deepening democracy in transitional Tunisia: a new chapter for Hunt local governance Cover photo A girl in the crowd waves the Tunisian flag at the ‘Africa Celebrates Democracy’ Intissar Kherigi, member and co-founder of the Jasmine Foundation, concert.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Hull Pre-School Education In
    THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENGLAND AND LIBYA by Fathia Ali Ghafir, BA (University of Libya, Benghazi), MEd (El Fatah University, Tripoli) being a Thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Hull December 1987 ABSTRACT Ole Ph.D. THESIS by Fathia All Ghafir BA, MEd PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENGLAND AND LIBYA There is a great demand for pre-school education in most countries of the world, but while pre-school education has long received only modest consideration within the educationally developed world, it has attracted even less consideration than other levels of schooling especially in the developing countries. There is still a danger that early childhood education may continue to be viewed as something of a luxury. Nonetheless, the past few decades have withessed much greater interest in pre-school education. Among the reasons for this growing interest are the new knowledge gained in the sphere of child development and the changes which have taken place in social conditions. Most countries provide some kind of educational opportunities for children below school age, their aims and objectives may differ to a greater or lesser extent from one country to another depending on resources and specific historical, social or religious influences on the way pre-school education has developed, and the way in which different cultures come to view the main aims and objectives of such education. This thesis is based on a combination of empirical and documentary research. Historically, pre-school education seems to have served similar functions despite difference in time and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Conservation of Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List
    World Heritage 40 COM WHC/16/40.COM/7B.Add Paris, 10 June 2016 Original: English / French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Fortieth session Istanbul, Turkey 10-20 July 2016 Item 7B of the Provisional Agenda: State of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List SUMMARY This document contains information on the state of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. The World Heritage Committee is requested to review the reports on the state of conservation of properties contained in this document. The full reports of Reactive Monitoring missions requested by the World Heritage Committee are available at the following Web address in their original language: http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/40COM/documents All previous state of conservation reports are available through the World Heritage State of conservation Information System at the following Web address: http://whc.unesco.org/en/soc Decision required: The World Heritage Committee may wish to adopt the draft Decision presented at the end of each state of conservation report. Table of content I. REPORTS ON THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF PROPERTIES INSCRIBED ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST ............................................................................................................. 3 CULTURAL PROPERTIES ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1
    ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1 S-IZ-100-17-CA021 Weekly Report 157–160 — September 1–30, 2017 Michael D. Danti, Marina Gabriel, Allison Cuneo, Susan Penacho, William Raynolds, Kyra Kaercher, Darren Ashby, Jamie O’Connell, Gwendolyn Kristy Table of Contents: Other Key Points 2 Military and Political Context 4 Incident Reports: Syria 12 Incident Reports: Iraq 122 Incident Reports: Libya 128 Satellite Imagery and Geospatial Analysis 143 SNHR Vital Facilities Report: 148 Heritage Timeline 148 1 This report is based on research conducted by the “Cultural Preservation Initiative: Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq.” Weekly reports reflect reporting from a variety of sources and may contain unverified material. As such, they should be treated as preliminary and subject to change. 1 Other Key Points Syria ● Deir ez-Zor Governorate ○ A reported US-led Coalition airstrike destroyed the Umm al-Mouminein Aisha Mosque in Ruwaished Village, Deir ez-Zor Governorate. ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 17-0161 ○ Satellite imagery shows damage to an Unnamed Mosque in al-Baghiliyah, Deir ez- Zor Governorate. ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 17-0168 ● Hama Governorate ○ The Turkistan Islamic Party reportedly militarized Tell Qarqur in Qarqur, Hama Governorate. ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 17-0160 ● Hasakah Governorate ○ New video shows the condition of Mar Odisho Church in Tell Tal, Hasakah Governorate. ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0032 UPDATE ● Idlib Governorate ○ Looting and theft has compromised the archaeological site of Tell Danit in Qamnas, Idlib Governorate. ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 17-0163 ○ A suspected Russian airstrike damaged the Abu Bakr al-Siddiq Mosque in Jerjnaz, Idlib Governorate.
    [Show full text]
  • Libyan-American Relations, 1951-1959: the Decade of Weakness
    LIBYAN-AMERICAN RELATIONS, 1951-1959: THE DECADE OF WEAKNESS by Hasan Karayam A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public History Middle Tennessee State University December 2018 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Amy L. Sayward, Chair Dr. C. Brendan Martin Dr. Rebecca Conard Dr. Moses Tesi To the spirit of my pure mother who died while waiting for this moment. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study would not been possible without the support of my family, Sirte University, professors, Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), and other institutions. First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my parents for their unlimited support at all levels: to my mother, who died while encouraging and waiting on me for this moment, and to my father, who gave support to me to help me achieve my goals. Special thanks to my wife, who stood with me in every detail in this journey, who supported and encouraged me emotionally and psychologically. I must thank my university, Sirte University, which gave me a great opportunity by nominating me for a scholarship for a doctoral degree abroad so that I could return to enrich the university. Unfortunately, the events following the Arab Spring derailed our original plans, but my gratitude remains. My great gratitude goes to my dissertation committee members. I am in debt of acknowledgment to Dr. Amy Sayward for her invaluable support in every detail of my journey since the first meeting with her in May 2010 until this moment; thank you for your guidance, teaching, advice, full kindness, and sympathizing.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing the Source of the Elephant and Hippopotamus Ivory from the 14Th Century B.C
    Tracing the Source of the Elephant and Hippopotamus Ivory from the 14th Century B.C. Uluburun Shipwreck: The Archaeological, Historical, and Isotopic Evidence by Kathryn A. Lafrenz A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Robert H. Tykot, Ph.D. Brent R. Weisman, Ph.D. Nancy Marie White, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 6, 2004 Keywords: strontium, late bronze age, isotopes, trade, provenance © Copyright 2004 , Kathryn A. Lafrenz Acknowledgements I would like to thank, first and foremost, Robert Tykot for all his help and guidance during the process of researching and writing this thesis. I could not have asked for a better advisor. Also, much thanks is due to Nancy Marie White and Brent Weisman for agreeing to be on my thesis committee and for their comments and suggestions. The research for this thesis, moreover, would not have been possible without the generosity of Cemal Pulak, all those at the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, and the excavators of the Uluburun shipwreck, for providing the Uluburun ivory samples and the Maraş Fili faunal samples. Ivory, and especially ivory from archaeological contexts, is such a precious material, and to offer even small amounts of it to a pilot study is quite forward-thinking. Also, funding was provided in part by Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research and the Interdisciplinary Center for Hellenic Studies at the University of South Florida. Finally I wish to express my overwhelming gratitude to those who supported me and encouraged me, and without whom I would not have been able to complete this thesis: my father, Kelly Hockersmith, Stephanie Roberts, and Joshua Samuels.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    Modern Management Science & Engineering ISSN 2052-2576 Vol. 1, No. 2, 2013 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/mmse Original Paper Delivering Management Training and Development Programmes: A Case of Non-Oil International Organizations in Post-Crisis Libya after 2011 Ahmed Mustafa Younes1, 2* 1 Leeds Metropolitan University, UK 2 Tripoli University, Libya * Ahmed Mustafa Younes, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article investigates how non-oil international organizations in Libya (NOIOL) deliver and implement Management Training and Development Programmes (MTDP). The recent situation of MTDP in Libya after the crisis of 2011 and factors that may influence the implementation and delivery are explored. A questionnaire approach was applied and distributed to (150) participants at managerial level working in 19 NOIOL from different sectors. The SPSS analysis software was applied, several tests were used, and significant and non-significant outcomes were presented. The results indicated that most NOIO were delivering MTDP externally and assistance was acquired from external providers. MTDP was only delivered when new technology is updated. Likewise, different MTDP methods were used by either external providers or NOIO. The minority of participants agreed and strongly agreed that MTDP was delivered effectively. On and off-the-job-training was positively used by the construction and banking sectors as well as to some degree by small and international organizations. External training was used by manufacturing, service and banking sectors, and all small, medium and large sized organizations. Negative influence was also found when a new manager was recruited in joint venture and international organizations. Case studies, interactive video, conference/seminars and job rotation were the most positively used methods by both NOIO and external providers.
    [Show full text]
  • Libyan Women, Their Present Situation, How Life Was Just Before the Revolution and What Are the Real Expectations for the Near Future, Actions to Be Undertaken
    FPSC and READI present the result of two days of work on the general matter of Libyan women, their present situation, how life was just before the revolution and what are the real expectations for the near future, actions to be undertaken. The participants at the workshop were selected because of their deep experience con development or because their testimony could help to clarify what is the situation in Libya, points to be tackled and to design measure to be implemented. The woman“ :"ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻬﺩ ﻣﻊ ﻳﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻳﻣﻧﻰ، ﻳﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺑﻳﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻳﺳﺭﻯ" :The resume of these hours of conversation could be on this Arabic popular saying who rocks the cradle with her right hand, rules the world with her left hand”. From FPSC we hope this work could open ways of improving the life of the most vulnerable and READI offers its network to be use as an instrument of gathering, of communication, of sharing experiences and hopes. FPSC and READI would like to thank the Human Rights Office of the Foreign Minister for their support on the organization of this workshop, and all the collaborators this project has had; Dr. Naouel Abdellatif Mami, Vice Rector in charge of External Relations, Cooperation and Communication at University Setif 2 (Algeria); Ms. Ikhlass AL-Sheikhly, Program Development Professional for Development Consultancy in Vienna; Ms. Pascal Warda, President of Hammurabi Human Rights; Ms. Gwenda Jeffreys-Jones, Expert of Middle Orient; Ms. Ana Vega Gutiérrez, Professor at La Rioja University and director of the UNESCO Chair dedicated to Democratic citizenship and cultural freedom; Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Northumbria Research Link
    Northumbria Research Link Citation: Saleh, Suliman (2017) The role of public relations and public diplomacy in building Libyan relationships with Italy in the Gaddafi and post-Gaddafi era. Doctoral thesis, Northumbria University. This version was downloaded from Northumbria Research Link: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/36290/ Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html The Role of Public Relations and Public Diplomacy in Building Libyan Relationships with Italy in the Gaddafi and Post-Gaddafi Era. Suliman Saleh PhD 2017 0 The Role of Public Relations and Public Diplomacy in Building Libyan Relationships with Italy in the Gaddafi and Post-Gaddafi Era. Suliman Saleh A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Northumbria at Newcastle for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Research Undertaken in the Faculty of Arts, Design & Social Sciences November 2017 1 ABSTRACT Relationships between Libya and Italy, both during and post Colonel Gaddafi’s rule, have witnessed many developments and changes, with the Italian colonialism of Libya from 1911 to 1942/1943 playing an important role in shaping those relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Libya Context Note
    LIBYA CONTEXT NOTE LIBYA CONTEXT NOTE LIBYA CONTEXT NOTE WRITTEN BY: Greta Galeazzi EDITED BY: Yudhishthir Raj Isar GRAPHICS & LAY OUT BY: Guillemette Madinier DATE OF PUBLICATION: 10 September 2014 The current political situation and the time constraints in place for the Preparatory Action's enquiry have not allowed for a proper consultation process to be undertaken in Libya. This note is the result of desk research and online consultation with a limited number of stakeholders. It therefore provides only a single snapshot at the given moment. It is not a full-fledged analysis of the cultural relations between Europe and Libya. The content of this report does not reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entirely with the author(s). © 2013-2014 Preparatory Action ‘Culture in the EU's External Relations’ CONTEXT NOTE LIBYA | 1 preparatory action CULTURE in EU EXTERNAL RELATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... 2 OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................... 3 THE CULTURAL POLICY LANDSCAPE AND RELATIONS WITH THE EU ................................................... 5 CONCLUSIONS, PERCEPTIONS AND EXPECTATIONS ......................................................................... 10 ANNEXES......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • International Expert Meeting on the Safeguard of Libyan Cultural Heritage
    International Expert Meeting on the Safeguard of Libyan Cultural Heritage Organized by UNESCO and ICCROM with the support of the Embassy of the United States of America to Libya 1 Tunis May 2016 Between 9th and 11th May 2016 – Tunis City, Tunisia 1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: 3 2. MEETING OBJECTIVES: 5 3. PARTICIPANTS: ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4. ORGANISING PARTNERS: ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5. PROGRAMME OF THE EVENT ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6. IMPLEMENTATION MODALITIES: 7 7. OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 7.2. FUNDING ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2 account all the necessary procedures to protect and reduce the 1. Context and rationale risks, with the assistance of international institutions and foreign Libya is the depository of a very rich and diverse cultural heritage archaeological missions. with five sites inscribed on the World Heritage List (the archaeological sites of Leptis Magna, Sabratha and Cyrene, the UNESCO is deeply committed in assisting Libyan institutions and rock-art sites of Tadrart Acacus and the Old Town of Ghadames), authorities in enforcing the protection of cultural heritage in Libya. and numerous historical and traditional cities, archaeological sites Since 2013, through two projects, financed by the Governments of (including underwater heritage), modern architecture Italy and Libya, so far more than 350 professionals from the masterpieces, museums and collections, cultural and research different territorial offices of the Department of Antiquities (DoA), institutions, libraries and archives. Libya also has a rich intangible the Historic City Authority (HCA), universities, heritage cultural heritage that reflects substantial cultural diversity and managers, police and customs officials, in addition to creativity.
    [Show full text]