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Atlas of the World's Deserts

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Deserts -end matter/4 col 2/5/03 17:59 Page 190 190 atlas of the world’s deserts armadillos 106 C Domeyko, Cordillera 124 arroyos 45, 46 cacti 81–2, 83, 119, 121 Doughty, C.M. 148 arthropods 90 elephant 81 dragons, bearded 100–1 Ashkhabad 61 opuntia 87 dress 135 Asian deserts Queen of the Night 77 dromedaries 137 Index animals 92, 103, 107, 109–10, 111 roots 77 drought 80 continental deserts 20–1 saguaro 81, 119, 121 Dumont d’Urville Sea 167 Page numbers in italics refer to picture minerals 175–6 spines 79 dunes 28, 29, 33, 52–6, 81 captions. people 139–40 water storage 78 Dust Bowl 184, 185 plants 85–6 Caillé, René 135, 146–7 “dust devils” 56 A Silk Road 61, 69, 138, 139–40 California see Death Valley; Great dust storms 56–7 Aborigines 135, 140–1, 149, 151, 157, see also Gobi Desert; Iranian Desert; Basin; Mojave Desert; Sonoran Dzungarian Desert 72 159, 161, 163 Kara Kum Desert; Taklimakan Desert land rights 155, 161 Desert; Thar Desert camels 63, 134, 135, 137 E acacias 77, 78, 81, 83–4 asses, wild 72–3, 107 racing 151 eagles, wedge-tailed 105–6 raddiana 77 Atacama Desert 18, 79, 124–7 Canning stock route 159 Egypt 146, 174, 176 roots 77 animals 102, 106, 107, 125, 126 caracals 109 resources 176–7 sand 85–6 climate 125 caravans 134, 139 see also Western Desert symbiosis with ants 80 mining/minerals 124, 125, 169, 172, carnivores 89–90, 107–11 Egyptians, ancient 132–3, 169 adaptations 176 cats, sand 92, 109 El Alamein 30 animal 89, 90–5, 111 people 127, 143 cedar trees, pygmy 77 El Niño 17, 122, 123 plant 75–80 plants 79, 83 centipedes 95 El Tatio Geysers 125 adders Atacama Salt Flat 124 Central Australian Desert 160–1, 162 Empty Quarter (Rub’ al-Khali) 39, 40–1, northern death 101 Atacameño 127 Coober Pedy 161, 177 148 saw-scaled 101–2 Atlas-Erg 29 Uluru 141, 149, 161 emus 104, 162 aeolian landscapes 52 Atlas Mountains 28, 29 Central Kalahari Game Reserve 35 energy 174 African deserts atmospheric pressure, sub-tropical high- Chang Ch’ien 139 solar 169, 174, 175 animals 92, 103, 105, 106, 107–9, pressure deserts 16–18 cheetahs 107–9 ephemeral plants 80, 83, 120 110, 111 Australian deserts 18, 21, 162–3 Chile, deserts see Atacama Desert erg, Great Erg of Bilma 54 minerals 176–7 animals 92, 93, 95, 99–106, 109–10, Chimú Empire 173 ergs 28, 29, 44 people 132–6, 137, 138–9 111, 159, 162, 163, 183 China, deserts see Gobi Desert; erosion see weathering and erosion plants 78, 83–5, 86 desertification 179 Taklimakan Desert estivation 93 see also Arabian Desert; Kalahari dunes 56 Chinchorro people 127 Etosha Pan 32 Desert; Namib Desert; Sahara explorations 148, 149, 150 chotts 29 Etosha Park 32 Desert gibbers 51 Chubut River 128 euphorbias 77, 78, 79–80, 83 Afro-Arabian Shield 39 modern crossings 154, 161 Chuquicamata 124, 169 Euphrates River 50, 133 agaves 78 national parks 158, 159, 161 civilizations, ancient 131, 132–3 evaporation, water 36 “Age of Deserts” 15, 16 people see Aborigines Clapperton, Hugh 146 evening primroses, white dune 75 Ahaggar Mountains 27 plants 78, 80, 86–7, 159, 163 cliff dwellings 119, 121 explorations, European 146–50 Air Massif 26 resources 159, 161, 176, 177 Cliff Palace 142 Eyre, Lake 161, 162, 163 Algeria, resources 176 see also Central Australian Desert; climate change 185 Alice Springs 160, 163 Western Australian Desert coachwhips 102 F alluvial fans and aprons 47 Ayers Rock see Uluru coastal deserts 17, 33, 123, 125, 129 falcons 105 American deserts see North American azorellas, three-lobed 83 Coastal Ranges 20 farming 153, 173–4, 182 deserts; South American deserts Coelurosaur 15 fennecs 110 amphibians 93, 102–3 B Colorado, Mesa Verde 142 fennels, giant 86 Amu Dar’ya River 46, 60, 62, 63, 176 Badain Jaran Desert 55–6, 70 Colorado Desert 118, 120 fertilizers, from deserts 172 Anasazi culture (Pueblos) 142, 149, Badwater 114 Colorado River 45, 119 Finke Gorge National Park 161 151 bahadas 48 Comodoro Rivadavia 129 Fire, Valley of 77 Western Anasazi (Sinagua) 119, 121 Baja California 119 Comstock Lode 115, 116 fires 86 Andes Mountains, rain shadow 20 bajadas 47 Conchas, Las 127 fish 94 Andrews, Roy C. 148, 153–4 Bam 65 conifers 75 Fitzroy River 158 androctonus 98 bandicoots 111 continental deserts 20–1 flamingoes 125 animals 89–111, 183 bandy-bandy 102 Convention to Combat Desertification flannel flowers 86–7 polar 23, 165, 167 baobabs 77–8 179 floods 26, 48–50 Antarctica 22–3, 166–7, 169 barchan dunes 37, 54–5, 123 Coober Pedy 161, 177 flowers 75, 85, 86–7 resources 176, 177 Barsa Kel’mes (“Place of No Return”) Coolgardie 159 fogs, coastal 33, 97, 123 Antarctic Circle 166 45, 62 Copiapó 124 food chains 89–90 Antarctic Treaty 167 Barth, Heinrich 147 Coriolis effect 16 formation, desert 13–21 antelope 35 basalts 14 Costa, Cordillera de la 124 Forrest, John and Alexander 150 ant lions 96 bats 93 coyotes 109, 110 fossils 15, 128, 167 Antofagasta 124, 127 Bayóvar Depression 123 cram-cram 85 foxes 107–8, 110–11 ants 96 Béchar (Colomb) 29 creosote bushes 77, 80, 81, 82 Franz Josef Land 165 symbiosis with acacias 80 bedouins 40, 135, 136–7, 150, 151 crops, genetically modfied 173–4 Fremont, John 149 Anzo Borrego Desert 113 beetles 33, 89, 97 crustaceans 94 frogs 93, 103, 159 Apaches 143 Benguela Current 17, 18 currents, ocean 17 fronts, weather 18 aquifers 51, 172, 184 Berbers 133–4 see also Humboldt Current ‘Arabah, Wadi 46 Bering Strait 165 G Arabian Desert 18, 38–40, 44 Betty Ford Center 121 D Gaborone 35 animals 40, 92, 106 bhakars 66 Dalandzadgad 71 Gansu Desert 72 area 39 bindweeds 85 Death Valley 13, 20, 114, 116, 117 garúa 123 Empty Quarter (Rub’ al-Khali) 39, biomass, standing 77 alluvial fan 47 gazelles 93, 107 40–1, 148 biomes, major 77, 81 minerals 175 gemsbok 35 explorations 39, 147–8 birds 103–6 name 116 Gemsbok National Park 35 a high-pressure climate desert 39 polar 22, 23, 167 degradation and erosion 182–3 Genghis Khan 139, 140 plants 40 Biskra 29 see also desertification; weathering gerbils, Mongolian 106 resources 176 blackboys (grass trees) 86 and erosion Ghadamis 29 Syrian Desert 39, 131 “black racers” 102 delta, dry 13 Ghan Railroad 161 see also Riyadh Black Rock Desert 115, 116 desalination 153 Ghansiland 35 Arab Revolt 136 Blunt, W.S. 148 Deseado River 129 Ghardaïa 29 Aral Sea 60, 183 bobcats 109 Desert Fathers 136 gibbers 51 Aravalli Range 67 Bonaparte, Napoléon 146 desertification 179, 180–185 Gibson Desert 21, 56, 158–9, 177 Arctic 22, 164–5 Bonneville, Lake 115 in the Taklimakan Desert 69 gila monsters 101 Arctic Circle 164 borax 175 desertization 180 Giles, Ernest 150 Arctic Ocean 164 Botswana 34, 35 desert peas, Sturt’s 80 glaciation 164–5 Argentina browningias 78–9 desert varnish 26, 47 glaciers fossils 15 budgerigars 104 detrivores 90 Arctic 165 see also Patagonia Bukhara 131, 140 Devil’s Marbles 161 melting 23 Argentino, Lake 129 Buraydah 39 dew 33, 97, 125 glass, desert 30 Argentinosaurus 15 Burckhardt, J.L. 147 dhands 66 global warming 23, 185 Arizona Burke and Wills expedition 148, 150 diamonds 32, 35, 37, 159, 165 goannas 99 Anasazi people 142 burrows 91, 92 dingoes 109–10 goats 182 Montezuma Castle National Burton, Richard 147–8 dinosaurs 15, 128, 167 Gobi Desert 15, 19, 21, 70–3 Monument 119, 121 buthus, Saharan 98 Djerid, Chott 29 animals 72–3, 93, 102, 106 Petrified Forest National Park 46 buttes 52 dogs 109–10 explorations 148, 154 Deserts -end matter/4 col 2/5/03 17:59 Page 191 Index 191 fossils 15 Plateau of 64 Las Vegas 115 floods 48 modern crossings 71, 154 Iranian Desert 64–5 Lehman Caves 115 fogs and dew 33, 97 name 72 Dasht-e-Kavir 64, 65 Leichardt, Ludwig 149–50 name 33 plants 72, 80, 86 Dasht-e-Lu- t 53, 64, 65 Lena River 165 national parks 32 population 72, 73 rainfall 65 Letihakane 35 people 33 rainfall 72 salt marshes 64, 65 liaretas 83 plants 33, 79, 81, 84 resources 176 Iraq 171, 175, 176 Libya, resources 176 rainfall 33 temperatures 44 ironwoods 86 Libyan Desert 30–1, 132 resources 176, 177 Trans-Mongolian Railroad 71, 73 irrigation 30, 153, 169, 172–3, 174, limestones 14 sands 33 weathering and erosion in 45 183 Lithops spp. 84, 85 temperatures 33 gold 115, 116, 134–5, 159, 161, 169 Isa, Mount 161 Livingstone, David 34, 147 Namib-Naukluft Park 32 Gold Rush 116 Israel “living stones” 84, 85 Napoléon Bonaparte 146 golf courses 153, 182 irrigation 173 lizards 90–1, 99–101 Native Americans 81, 142–3, 151–2, goosefoots 85 see also Negev Desert monitor 99 154–5 Gosse, William C. 149 Llullaillaco 124 natural gas 63 Grand Canyon 115, 116 J Loa River 125 Navajo 143, 151, 152, 155 grasses 81, 84–5, 87 jackals 111 locusts, desert 94–5 Nefta 51 pampas 83 Ja-fu- rah, Al- 40 lomas 123 Negev Desert 150, 153 grass trees 86 Jaisalmer 67 Lop Nur 68 irrigation 173, 174 grazing, by livestock 181–182 Jaladah, Al- 40 Los Angeles 119 makhteshim 46 Great Basin 18, 114–17, 175 Jericho 131 Luna, Valle de la 124, 127 Negro River 128 animals 115 Jerome, St.
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