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US History YOU DO NOT HAVE MY PERMISSION TO POST THIS IN ANY OTHER LOCATION OR Fort Burrows TO MAKE COPIES OR TO DOWN LOAD. Chapter 4 Review w/ Answers 4.1 Puritans – group of English Protestants who settled the Bay Colony General Court – elected representatives assembly in the Fundamental Orders of – a 1639 plan of government in the Puritan colony in Connecticut; expanded the idea of representatives government in the English colonies religious tolerance – willingness to let others practice their own beliefs Sabbath – holy day of rest town meeting – meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues free enterprise – a venture that is a risky, private business operating in competition and largely free of state control; 5 principals of Free Enterprise [ Entrepreneurship, Competition, Private Property, Profit Motive, Consumer Choice cornerstone – a fundamental principle foreshadow – to hint at or suggest something that will happen in the future fallow – cultivated land that is allowed to lie idle during the growing season luddite – one that is opposed to, especially technological, changes

4.2 – land given to one or more people by the King for a yearly payment (rent) royal colony – a colony under the direct control of the English crown oppression – unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power refuge – a place that provides shelter or protection promote – to contribute to the growth or prosperity of repository – a place where large amounts of something is stored

4.3 Mason-Dixon Line – boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland that divided the from the Southern Colonies Bacon’s Rebellion – a 1676 raid led by Nathaniel Bacon against the and Native Americans in Virginia indigo – plant used to make a valuable blue dye slave code – laws that control the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights racism – belief that one race is superior to another trustee – person who is authorized to administer property for the benefit of another person or group buffer – something that serves as a protective barrier pacifist – a person strongly opposed to war hold – the interior of a ship below the decks incertitude – absence of assurance or confidence; doubt

4.4 mercantilism – theory that a nation becomes strong by keeping strict control over its colonial trade export – trade products sent to markets outside of a country import – trade products brought into a country – one-sided laws regulating trade between England and her colonies triangular trade – colonial trade route between New England, West Indies, and Africa legislature – group of people who have the power to make laws Bill of Rights – first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution English Bill of Rights – a document that guaranteed the rights of English citizens midwife – a skilled worker who assists women in child birth 1 of 8th Grade Chapter 4 Review w/ Answers & SEPT 2018 US History YOU DO NOT HAVE MY PERMISSION TO POST THIS IN ANY OTHER LOCATION OR Fort Burrows TO MAKE COPIES OR TO DOWN LOAD. hymm – a song to be sung in a religious service parish – a local church community

4.5 gentry – highest class in the 13 English colonies middle class – a class that included skilled craftsworkers, farmers that owned their land, and some tradespeople (3:4 whites were middle class) indentured servant – a person that agreed to work for 4 to 7 years in return for paid passage to the colonies in the Great Awakening – a dramatic and emotional religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730 and 1740s tutor – private teachers apprentice – person who learns a trade or craft from a master Enlightenment – movement in Europe that emphasized the use of reason and logic libel – act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person’s reputation dominated – ruled or controlled bribe – money or a favor given to influence someone in a position of power contract – a binding agreement between two or more persons or parties sue – to seek enforcement of a law or a contract in a court of law

Know the dates and descriptions of the following terms:

English Bill of Rights -- 1689 a document that guaranteed the rights of English citizens House of Burgesses – 1619 marked the beginning of representative government in the English colonies, HOB Massachusetts Bay Colony -- 1630 expanded vote to male stockholders and male church members and elected representatives to an assembly called the General Court Magna Carta -- 1215 British document that stated citizens have basic rights and monarchs have to obey the law Fundamental Orders of Connecticut -- 1639 plan of government in Puritan colony which expanded the idea of representative government Mayflower Compact -- 1620 agreement by Pilgrims for ruling Plymouth to ensure the general good of colony

1. Where were the 13 original colonies located ? Atlantic Ocean 2. Why did rely heavily on trade for their economic activity ? Cold climate and poor rocky soil made farming unprofitable 3. Why did the Puritans leave England ? Religious freedoms 4. What caused people in the Massachusetts colony to leave ? Religious beliefs and the way the colony was being governed was being questioned 5. What caused the Native Americans to go to war with the Puritans? The colonists were taking over Native American land 6. What was the importance of the ‘common’ style set-up in New England towns and villages ? Encouraged meetings and sharing of ideas to promote a tight-knit community 7. What caused the colony of New Netherland to become the colony of New York ? King Charles II of England renamed the colony in the Duke of York’s honor 8. What caused the separation of the colony from the New York colony ? Colony was too big to govern easily 2 of 8th Grade Chapter 4 Review w/ Answers & SEPT 2018 US History YOU DO NOT HAVE MY PERMISSION TO POST THIS IN ANY OTHER LOCATION OR Fort Burrows TO MAKE COPIES OR TO DOWN LOAD. 9. How was Pennsylvania founded ? King Charles II granted land to Penn and his Quakers for religious freedom 10. Describe what life was like in the Middle Colonies ? 1. fertile soil and cash crops 2. iron ore in river valley 3. wood resources in backcountry 11. What are slave codes ? Rules for slaves’ behavior 12. How was Maryland important to the Roman Catholic religion ? Catholics could practice their religion freely 13. Who founded the Carolinas ? 8 English nobles 14. Which colony was founded for English Debtors ? Georgia 15. Describe the differences in the Tidewater Region and the Backcountry Region ? Tidewater Region Backcountry Region 1. Large plantations 1. Small farms 2. Slavery 2. Little to no slavery 16. What caused the increase in slavery in the 1700s ? Plantations had to maintain supply of slaves to work the crops 17. List 3 reasons why England wanted to regulate colonial trade ? 1. colonies should benefit the home country 2. nations become strong by keeping strict control over its trade 3. to ensure only England would benefit from colonial trade 18. Describe the colonial legislature (government) ? Legislature had two houses – upper (appointed) and lower (elected) 19. Describe the differences in liberties between the female colonists ? Unmarried women and widows had more rights than married women 20. Name the 3 classes in colonial society ? 1. Gentry 2. Middle class 3. Indentured servant 21. Describe how the Great Awakening affected the colonies ? 1. forced colonists to be more tolerant of different beliefs 2. contributed to the spread of democratic feelings in colonies 3. people began to think differently about political rights and governments 22. What was unique about how New England colonists educated their children ? Set-up school supported by taxes 23. How did the Middle and Southern colonists educate their children ? 1. Apprenticeships 2. private schools 3. dame schools 24. Why was Enlightenment important to new ideas ? They used ‘reason’ and ‘logic’ to improve their ‘New World’ 25. New England colonies economy was based on ? 1. Whaling 2. Shipbuilding 3. sawmill ports 26. Rice, indigo and tobacco plantations were important to which colonies ? Southern Colonies 27. The Middle Colonies’ economy was based on ? 1. Farming 2. Ranching 3. skilled artisans/crafts 28. Name 3 issues addressed in the English Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary of New Netherlands in 1689 ? 1. Protected the rights of individuals 2. Stated ruler could not raise taxes or army without approval from Parliament 3. Gave anyone accused of crime the right to a trial by jury 29. Which four colonies made up the Middle Colonies ? 1. New York 2. Pennsylvania

3 of 8th Grade Chapter 4 Review w/ Answers & SEPT 2018 US History YOU DO NOT HAVE MY PERMISSION TO POST THIS IN ANY OTHER LOCATION OR Fort Burrows TO MAKE COPIES OR TO DOWN LOAD. 2. Delaware 4. New Jersey

30. Which four colonies made up the New England Colonies ?

1. 2. 2. Connecticut 4. Massachusetts 31. Which five colonies made up the Southern Colonies ?

1. Georgia 2. 3. 4. Maryland 5. Virginia 32. What 3 continents were part of the Triangular Trade ?

1. America/West Indies 2. West Africa 3. Europe /New England 33. Puritan male church members elected representatives to an assembly in the Massachusetts Bay Colony called ? General Court

34%. Describe educational opportunities between the colonies ? in the majority of colonies, only boys could attend school 35%. What changes did the Great Awakening have on the colonial people regarding thoughts about themselves and their political rights ? it caused the average citizen to think they should be more independent 36%. What caused the right to vote to be expanded in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, MBC ? colonist wanted a voice in their government 37%. Sharpshooters from Pennsylvania boasted that with the “Pennsylvania Rifle”, they could ‘hit a rattlesnake between the eyes at 100 yards.’ How could this benefit future colonists ? this skill allowed them to be very good soldiers during the 38%. Describe the relationship between South Carolina’s economy and rice crops ? swampy lowlands along the coast 39%. Which colony and its’ colonial leader would have said, “… government should not have any influence on religion or support a particular church.” concerning the question of relationship between colonial government and established colonial religion … ? said by Roger Williams of Rhode Island 40%. List agreements and disagreements between the religions of Pilgrim and Puritan 1. Both were unhappy with Church of England’s rules and laws 2. Both were in Massachusetts 3. Disagreed on whether to reform or to separate from the Church of England 41%. What brought settlers to New Amsterdam ? they came for economic opportunities 42%. Why did so many of the people from Germany, called Pennsylvania Dutch, choose to settle in ’s colony ? they came for a new religious experience 43%. Who was Oglethorpe’s colony of Georgia created for ? it offered imprisoned peoples a new place to live 44%. What was a significant cause of King Phillip’s War ? large numbers of settlers were living on lands the Wampanoag claimed 45%. What factors most encouraged Parliament to pass the Navigation Acts ? 1. to control the economy of its’ colony 2. to make huge profit from agricultural cash crops

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