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the science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, agriculture raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming. Was forced to leave Massachusetts for her Anne Hutchinson religious beliefs. She went to Rhode Island. a colony granted by a charter colony document (it gives the right to settle a colony) money that is owed to someone else; a person who debt/debtors owes money. ( ex.: Georgia was a debtor's colony) the way in which an area's goods and services are economy produced, bought, and sold (it's all about the money $) a type of economy in which people are free to buy, sell, free enterprise and produce whatever they want. One of the founders of John Winthrop Massachusetts-he was their first governor. A plan of just and equal laws signed on the ship, "The The Mayflower Compact Mayflower" before the Pilgrims landed in Plymouth, MA-1620 New York, Pennsylvania, Middle Colonies New Jersey, and Delaware when a King or Queen is a monarchy ruler of a country, including colonies of that country Massachusetts, Rhode New England Colonies Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire a type of democratic government-It's the closest to New England Town the people, it involves the Meetings largest number of people, it's the most open. Came to Plymouth, Massachusetts on "The Mayflower" Pilgrims They were a type of Puritans that wanted to separate from the English Church. Plymouth, Massachusetts A town started by the (Bay Colony) Pilgrims in 1620. privately owned and proprietary colony operated for profit Was founded for religious Providence, Rhode Island freedom by Roger Williams. a religious group that settled Puritans most of New England They disagreed with the Quakers beliefs of other churches. They had no ministers. a government where the representative government people elect representatives to make decisions for them He believed government and religion should be separate. He Roger Williams treated the Native Americans fairly. He founded Rhode Island. colonies that had an royal colony appointed governor by the British royalty Maryland, Virginia, North Southern Colonies Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia The first law making assembly in an English Virginia House of Burgesses Colony. The first form of self- government. 1619-Virginia One of the founders of Massachusetts-He served as William Bradford governor of Massachusetts for more than 30 years. Helped create "The Mayflower Compact". A Quaker who started a colony where the Quakers could live safely. William Penn Pennsylvania is named after him. He treated the Native Americans fairly and lived with them peacefully..

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2 the Middle Colonies
TERMS & NAMES 2 TheThe MiddleMiddle Colonies:Colonies: cash crop gristmill diversity FarFar ms ms andand CitiesCities artisan Conestoga wagon MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW The people who settled in the States in this region still boast Middle Colonies made a society of some of the most diverse great diversity. communities in the world. ONE AMERICAN’S STORY Elizabeth Ashbridge was only 19 years old when she arrived in America from England in the 1730s. Even though she was young, she had already been married and widowed. And although she was an indentured servant, she hoped to earn her freedom and find a way to express her strong religious feelings. After several years, Elizabeth did gain freedom. She started to search for a religion that she could devote her life to. Finally, in the colony of Pennsylvania, she found what she was looking for—the Society of Friends, or Quakers. The new Quaker longed to share her beliefs openly. A VOICE FROM THE PAST I was permitted to see that all I had gone through was to prepare me for this day; and that the time was near, when it would be required of me, to go and declare to others what the God of mercy had done for my soul. A woman speaks out at a Quaker Elizabeth Ashbridge, Some Account . of the Life of Elizabeth Ashbridge meeting. The Society of Friends allowed women a more active role than other religions. The Quakers believed that people of different beliefs could live together in harmony. They helped to create a climate of tolerance and acceptance in the Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.
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The English Take Control DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION
CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 4 New Netherland As you read in Chapter 2, in the early 1600s the Dutch built the colony of New Netherland along the Hudson River in what is now New York State. The colony’s largest town, New Amsterdam, was founded on Manhattan Island in 1625. New Amsterdam was built to defend the Dutch More About . West India Company’s fur trading settlements along the Hudson River. Peter Stuyvesant, the colony’s governor, expanded New Netherland by Religious Refugees taking over the nearby colony of New Sweden in 1655. The Swedes had settled the land along the Delaware River in 1638. in Pennsylvania The Dutch West India Company set up the patroon system to attract more In England, thousands of Quakers went settlers. A patroon was a person who brought 50 settlers to New Netherland. to jail for their beliefs, especially after As a reward, a patroon received a large land grant. He also received hunting, Charles II gained the throne in 1660. fishing, and fur trading privileges. The patroon system brought great wealth Some made their way to Maryland and to the colony’s elite. Massachusetts in the 1650s, but after The social system also included many slaves. Although their lives were William Penn founded a Quaker colony in harsh, they enjoyed some rights of movement and property ownership. 1681, many more arrived. A Tolerant Society In the 17th century the Netherlands had one of the Besides Quakers, several other small religious most tolerant societies in Europe. Dutch settlers brought this religious toleration to their colony.
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Life in the Colonies
CHAPTER 4 Life in the Colonies 4.1 Introduction n 1723, a tired teenager stepped off a boat onto Philadelphia’s Market Street wharf. He was an odd-looking sight. Not having luggage, he had I stuffed his pockets with extra clothes. The young man followed a group of “clean dressed people” into a Quaker meeting house, where he soon fell asleep. The sleeping teenager with the lumpy clothes was Benjamin Franklin. Recently, he had run away from his brother James’s print shop in Boston. When he was 12, Franklin had signed a contract to work for his brother for nine years. But after enduring James’s nasty temper for ﬁve years, Franklin packed his pockets and left. In Philadelphia, Franklin quickly found work as a printer’s assistant. Within a few years, he had saved enough money to open his own print shop. His ﬁrst success was a newspaper called the Pennsylvania Gazette. In 1732, readers of the Gazette saw an advertisement for Poor Richard’s Almanac. An almanac is a book, published annually, that contains information about weather predictions, the times of sunrises and sunsets, planting advice for farmers, and other useful subjects. According to the advertisement, Poor Richard’s Almanac was written by “Richard Saunders” and printed by “B. Franklin.” Nobody knew then that the author and printer were actually the same person. In addition to the usual information contained in almanacs, Franklin mixed in some proverbs, or wise sayings. Several of them are still remembered today. Here are three of the best- known: “A penny saved is a penny earned.” “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” “Fish and visitors smell in three days.” Poor Richard’s Almanac sold so well that Franklin was able to retire at age 42.
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THE MIDDLE COLONIES New York Settling the Middle [Or “Restoration”] Colonies Old Netherlanders at New Netherlands
THE MIDDLE COLONIES New York Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] Colonies Old Netherlanders at New Netherlands 1600s Golden Age of Dutch history. Major commercial and naval power. Challenging England on the seas. 3 major Anglo-Dutch Wars . Major colonial power [mainly in the East Indies]. Henry Hudson’s Voyages New Netherlands New Netherlands founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624) . Established by Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade. Company wouldn’t pay much attention to the colony. Manhattan [New Amsterdam] Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre. New Amsterdam Harbor, 1639 Company town run in interests of the stockholders. No interest in religious toleration, free speech, or democracy. Governors appointed by the Company were autocratic. Religious dissenters against Dutch Reformed Church [including Quakers] were persecuted. Local assembly with limited power to make laws established after repeated protests by colonists. New Amsterdam, 1660 Characteristics of New Amsterdam: . Aristocratic patroonships [feudal estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 people on them]. Cosmopolitan diverse population with many different languages. New York Manors & Land Grants Patroonships New Netherlands & New Sweden Swedes in New Netherlands Mid-1600s Sweden in Golden Age settled small, under-funded colony [called “New Sweden”] near New Netherland. 1655 Dutch under director-general Peter Stuyvesant attack New Sweden. Main fort fell after bloodless siege. New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland. New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!] 1664 English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.
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English Settlement and Local Governance Mary Sarah Bilder Boston College Law School, [email protected]
Boston College Law School Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Faculty Papers 11-2008 English Settlement and Local Governance Mary Sarah Bilder Boston College Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp Part of the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Mary Sarah Bilder. "English Settlement and Local Governance." The Cambridge History of Law in America Volume 1: Early America (1580–1815), Cambridge University Press (2008): 63-103. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law School Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge Histories Online http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/ The Cambridge History of Law in America Edited by Michael Grossberg, Christopher Tomlins Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521803052 Online ISBN: 9781139054171 Hardback ISBN: 9780521803052 Paperback ISBN: 9781107605053 Chapter 3 - English Settlement and Local Governance pp. 63-103 Chapter DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521803052.004 Cambridge University Press P1:JZP 9780521803052c03 CUFX175/Grossberg 978 0 521 80305 2 August 31, 2007 3:30 3 english settlement and local governance mary sarah bilder In late 1584, as Sir Walter Raleigh began to organize an effort to send settlers to Roanoke Island, an anonymous author asked, “What manner of geouernement is to be vsed and what ofﬁcs to geouerne?”1 The mysterious end to the Roanoke settlement offers no answer.
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1 What Factors Brought Settlers to Maryland?
Educational materials were developed through the Making Master Teachers in Howard County Program, a partnership between Howard County Public School System and the Center for History Education at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Resource Sheet #01 What Factors Brought Settlers to Maryland? Student Background Essay Cecil Calvert, the second Lord of Baltimore, founded the colony of Maryland in 1634. Calvert hoped that Maryland could be a colony where persecuted English Catholics could come to practice their religion and do business freely. Eventually, Maryland’s reputation as a tolerant haven that was good for business attracted settlers to the colony. As the population and economic opportunities in Maryland grew, it became necessary to increase immigration. There are three main factors that brought settlers to the colony of Maryland. The first factor that brought settlers to Maryland was for religious freedom. The second factor was for profit from business. The third reason that helped to populate the colony was forced migration. In the late sixteenth century, the Chesapeake Bay Region was inhabited by a variety of advanced Native American cultures. The Native American’s thrived by using the great natural resources of the area to fish and farm. When Europeans began to explore the region during this time period, they also realized the great potential of the Chesapeake Bay. England in the late 1500s was competing for power with other European nations. The British were interested in expanding their country into a global empire. The east coast of North America provided them with an opportunity to expand their economic and political influence.
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The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century
The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century by Thomas Hully Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in History University of Ottawa © Thomas Hully, Ottawa, Canada, 2012 ii Abstract The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century Thomas Hully Dr. Richard Connors Submitted: May 2012 Despite considerable research on the British North American colonies and their political relationship with Britain before 1776, little is known about the administration of Nova Scotia from the perspective of Lord Halifax’s Board of Trade in London. The image that emerges from the literature is that Nova Scotia was of marginal importance to British officials, who neglected its administration. This study reintegrates Nova Scotia into the British Imperial historiography through the study of the “official mind,” to challenge this theory of neglect on three fronts: 1) civil government in Nova Scotia became an important issue during the War of the Austrian Succession; 2) The form of civil government created there after 1749 was an experiment in centralized colonial administration; 3) This experimental model of government was highly effective. This study adds nuance to our understanding of British attempts to centralize control over their overseas colonies before the American Revolution. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank the Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program for providing the funding which made this dissertation possible, as well as the University of Ottawa’s Department of History for providing me with the experience of three Teaching Assistantships.
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Settlement of the Middle Colonies
p0055-59aspe-0102s4 10/29/02 12:26 PM Page 55 Settlement of the Middle Colonies MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Terms & Names The Dutch settle New The principles of tolerance and •William Penn •proprietor Netherland; English Quakers equality promoted in the •New Netherland •Quakers led by William Penn settle Quaker settlement remain Pennsylvania. fundamental values in America. One American's Story William Penn had frustrated his father, Admiral Sir William Penn. In 1667, at age 22, the younger Penn committed himself to the Society of Friends, or Quakers, a Protestant sect whose religious and social beliefs were radical for the time. Ironically, his late father would play a key role in helping William Penn realize his dream—establishing a haven for Quakers in America. King Charles II had owed Penn’s father money, which the younger Penn asked to be repaid with American land. Charles agreed, and in 1681 he gave Penn a char- ter for Pennsylvania. Penn had big plans for his colony—a gov- ernment run on Quaker principles of equality, cooperation, and religious toleration. As he conﬁded to a friend, however, Penn did not reveal the true nature of his plans before receiving the charter. A PERSONAL VOICE WILLIAM PENN ▼ “ For matters of liberty and privilege, I propose that which is extraordinary, This chalk drawing shows and [I intend] to leave myself and successors no power for doing mischief, William Penn around 1695, [in order] that the will of one man may not hinder the good of a whole at about the age of 50.
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An Early Edict on Slavery in English America: the Barbados Resolution of 1636 and the Island’S Slave Laws
22 The Journal of the Barbados Museum & Historical Society − Vol. LXV An Early Edict on Slavery in English America: The Barbados Resolution of 1636 and the Island’s Slave Laws Jerome S. Handler Abstract A resolution on slavery by the Barbados Governor and Council in 1636 has been widely cited and quoted by writers on Anglo American slavery and Barbados history from the early 19th century until the present. Writers have universally accepted either explicitly or implicitly that the Resolution was the earliest slave law and was foundational in legitimizing slavery in Anglo America. No writer has attempted to explain why the Resolution was adopted or has questioned or challenged its role in the history of slave law in Barbados or Anglo America. Introduction n their 1972 social history of the early English West Indies, American colonial historians Carl and Roberta Bridenbaugh quote a 1636 Barbados Council resolution they identify as ‘the Iearliest law governing slavery in the English Dominions.’ The ‘law,’ discussed further below, specified ‘that Negroes and Indians, that came here to be sold, should serve for life, unless a contract was before made to the contrary.’ The Bridenbaughs’ observation was reiterated about two decades later by the legal historian William Wiecek in a comparative study of the origins of slave law in British An Early Edict on Slavery in English America 23 North America. Also citing the 1636 Resolution, Wiecek writes, by ‘linking the two fundamental characteristics of American slavery: race and perpetuity,’ Barbados ‘pioneered development of a statutory law of slavery’ in Britain’s New World colonies; and, more recently, for the historian Betty Wood, this law was also ‘the earliest pronouncement anywhere in English America legitimizing slavery and linking it specifically to ethnicity.
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The Southern Colonies Maryland
Binder Page 25 Name __________________________________________________________ Period _______ 13 English Colonies- The Southern Colonies Date ____________ Review Questions: The most important New England colony was Massachusetts. The most important two Middle Colonies were New York and Pennsylvania. The Southern Colonies The border between Maryland and Pennsylvania became known as the Mason-Dixon Line and still is the unofficial border between “the North” and “the South.” Maryland- Colony founded by Lord Baltimore as a place where Catholics could practice their religion freely. The Act of Toleration was passed in 1649 and allowed religious freedom for all Christians in the colony. Virginia- Colony that developed from the first permanent English settlement, Jamestown. The colony eventually grew to be one of the richest and most important of the 13 Colonies. The Carolinas were originally one colony, but there were differences between the settlers. Settlers in the north tended to be poorer tobacco farmers who had few slaves. The south was controlled by rich plantation owners. In 1712, the colony was officially divided into North Carolina and South Carolina. Georgia- was the last English colony to be founded, in 1732. Its founder, James Oglethorpe, wanted this colony to be a place where people who had been jailed for debt could find a new start. It also became a buffer to help block attacks from the Spanish and the Indians from Florida. Vocabulary for the Southern Colonies 1. Tidewater- Area of the Southern Colonies located in the coastal plains along the Atlantic Ocean. This area is where most of the plantations were located and where most of the slaves were.
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Middle Colonies Blacklines.Qxd
1 Name ____________________ The Middle Colonies from Making the 13 Colonies series PRE-TEST Directions: Answer each of the following statements either true or false: 1. People from Holland were the first Europeans to colonize the lands of New York. True False 2. The colony of Delaware was once part of the colony of Pennsylvania. True False 3. The colony of New Jersey was for many years privately owned. True False 4. Only people of the Quaker religion were allowed to settle in the colony of Pennsylvania. True False 5. Delaware was at one time part of a colony called New Sweden. True False 6. For many years New Jersey was divided into three separate colonies. True False 7. Before the Revolutionary War, Philadelphia was the biggest city in the American colonies. True False 8. Tobacco was the main export of the colony of Pennsylvania. True False 9. Wealthy Englishmen called Patroons controlled the government of New Jersey. True False 10. The Middle Colonies got their name because they were in between New England and Canada. True False ©2003 Ancient Lights Educational Media Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 2 Name ____________________ The Middle Colonies from Making the 13 Colonies series POST-TEST Directions: Answer the following using complete sentences, try to include main points to back your answer. 1. Briefly describe the founding of the colony of New York. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 4: the Colonies Grow, 1607-1770
The Colonies Grow 1607–1770 Why It Matters Independence was a spirit that became evident early in the history of the American people. The spirit of independence contributed to the birth of a new nation, one with a new government and a culture that was distinct from those of other countries. The Impact Today Americans continue to value independence. For example: • The right to practice one’s own religion freely is safeguarded. • Americans value the right to express themselves freely and to make their own laws. The American Republic to 1877 Video The chapter 4 video, “Middle Passage: Voyages of the Slave Trade,” examines the beginnings of the slave trade, focusing on the Middle Passage. 1676 • Bacon’s Rebellion c. 1570 • Iroquois Confederacy 1651 formed • First Navigation Act regulates colonial trade 1550 1600 1650 1603 1610 1644 • Tokugawa Shogunate • Galileo observes • Qing Dynasty emerges in Japan planets and stars established in with telescope China 98 CHAPTER 4 The Colonies Grow Compare-Contrast Study Foldable Make the following (Venn diagram) foldable to compare and contrast the peoples involved in the French and Indian War. Step 1 Fold a sheet of paper from side to side, leaving a 2-inch tab uncovered along the side. Fold it so the left edge lies 2 inches from the right edge. Step 2 Turn the paper and fold into thirds. Step 3 Unfold and cut along the two inside fold lines. Cut along the two folds on the front flap to make 3 tabs. Step 4 Label the foldable as shown. The French and Indian War French British and Native Both and Americans Colonists The South Side of St.
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