THE SUSTAINABILITY POTENTIAL OF PERIURBAN AREAS IN FRANCE: LYON, STRASBOURG, MULHOUSE

Elise Nimal, Marie Sevenet - EIFER Contact: Elise Nimal Lény Grassot, Charles Raux - LAET Email: [email protected] Context Goals CO2 Objectives (SNBC)  Urban sprawl  Define the environmentally favorable  -30% by 2030  Energy transition urban configurations  -70% by 2050  Technology evolutions  Presenting the potential of territories  European norms for emissions with scenarios METHODS Density Extension Intensification Collective housing (high Separated housing Vehicles emissions factors evolution for private car: Distribution density) Spatio-functional Technological Technological • 4 scenarios Vision ADEME 2030: 100 gCO2/vkm Polarities Controlled sprawl Compact polarities configurations evolutions scenarios • Vision ADEME 2050: 50 g CO2/vkm Compact scattered Behaviour • HBEFA factors for local pollutants Scattering Scattered housing housing structure

Based on surveys Related to (EMD, MobPro) configurations

CASE STUDY Lyon (imitation method) Alsace (Tool simulation and imitation method)  Metropolitan square  Strasbourg Eurométropole  West suburban square  Mulhouse Agglomération  West suburban square

Imitation method LUTI method (MARS©*)

 Spatial samples  Estimating the modal shift potential (from imitation method)

 Modal shift potential * spatial Metropolitan square - West suburban square West suburban square  LUTI modelling with zones logic configurations Lyon - Lyon - Strasbourg  Definition of policies  Imitation by determining real  Mixing the three scenarios axis feasible journeys (PT)

LV2  Strong-willed policies LV1 CO2 and pollutants Costs emissions CO2 and pollutants emissions Indicators Pop. 2050/2015 = Indicators +31% Energy Accessibility Pop. 2050/2015 = Pop. 2050/2015 = +21% +17% *TU Wien

Workplaces 2050 CO2 (g) Variation Total Energy (kWh) Polarities/ 2050 CO2 (g) Variation Costs (€) variation accessibility (min) Scattering/ Extension variation Configuration Intensification variation Polarities Polarities Polarities Baserun +31% +20% Scattering Scattering Polarities/ Scattering Metropolitan square - Lyon / / Scattering/ / Configuration / / Intensifica / +23% +27% Intensific Intensific Extension Intensific West - Lyon Baserun Extension Extension tion Extension ation ation ation Configurations West -Alsace +9% +11% -64% -61% +0% +10% +21% +34% +12% +2% Technology Strasbourg

-64% -64% +2% +2% +23% +23% +18% +28% 2050 CO2 (g) Variation Mulhouse Technology PT Carpooling EAB Metropolitan square Effects comparison -61% -20% -20% -40% Workplaces - Lyon Total Energy (kWh) 2050 CO2 (g) Variation Costs (€) variation accessibility (min) -62% -4% -14% -35% variation Technology EAB West - Lyon variation -63% -5% -16% -33% West -Alsace Electrically Polarities/ Scattering Polarities/ Scattering Polarities/ Scattering Polarities/ Scattering PT Carpooling Configuration Intensifica / Intensificat / Intensifica / Intensificat / assisted bicycle tion Extension ion Extension tion Extension ion Extension scenario CO2 (g) Variation Strasbourg -64% -61% +0% +10% +21% +34% +12% +2%

Horizon 2030 2050 Technology EAB Carpooling + EAB Mulhouse -64% -64% +2% +2% +23% +23% +18% +28% Metropolitan square - Lyon -40% -75% scenario West - Lyon -39% -72% Technology EAB West -Alsace -42% -77% Workplaces Total Energy (kWh) Carpooling 2050 CO2 (g) Variation Costs (€) variation accessibility (min) variation variation Polarities/ Scatterin Polarities/ Scattering Polarities/ Scatterin Polarities/ Scattering Public Transport Configuration Intensifica g/ Intensificat / Intensifica g/ Intensificat / Carpooling + PT CO2 (g) Variation scenario tion Extension ion Extension tion Extension ion Extension Horizon 2030 2050 scenario Strasbourg -68% -64% -17% -6% +1% +13% +79% +100% Metropolitan square - Lyon -31% -59% Technology PT

Technology PT Mulhouse -63% -63% -1% -3% +15% +13% +12% +16%

Carpooling FINDINGS

 The location of new population barely affects air pollution and GES emissions  The impacts are stronger on the denser areas  The technology plays the main role in abatement but is not sufficient to reach  French 2050 objectives are not achieved except with a combination of technology, transport activity emissions targets EAB and carpooling promotion  Public transport policies may be useful but have a limited potential for modal transfer  It requires strong-willed policies to promote EAB and carpooling  Coupling EAB and carpooling have higher potential (imitation method)

http://geekhebdo.com/strasbourg-est-bien-la-ville-la-plus-belle-de-france-avec-son-patrimoine-architectural-exceptionnel/ https://www.accorhotels.com/fr/hotel-1264-hotel-mercure-mulhouse-centre/index.shtml https://www.easyjet.com/fr/vacances/france/rhone-alpes/lyon/