<I>Caranx Ignobilis</I>

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

<I>Caranx Ignobilis</I> Bull Mar Sci. 97(2):257–280. 2021 research paper https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0114 Phylogeography of two marine predators, giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) and bluefin trevally (Caranx melampygus), across the Indo-Pacific 1 Yale University, Department Jessica R Glass 1, 2 * of Ecology and Evolutionary Scott R Santos 3 Biology, PO Box 208106, New 4 Haven, Connecticut 06520 John SK Kauwe 4 2 South African Institute for Brandon D Pickett Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Thomas J Near 1, 5 Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa 6140 3 Auburn University, Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Rouse ABSTRACT.—For economically valuable marine fishes, Life Science Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849 identifying biogeographic barriers and estimating the extent of gene flow are critical components of fisheries management. 4 Brigham Young University, We examined the population genetic structure of two Department of Biology, 4102 LSB, Provo, Utah 84602 commercially important reef-associated predators, the giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) and bluefin trevally Caranx( 5 Yale Peabody Museum of melampygus). We sampled 225 individuals and 32,798 single Natural History, Division of nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C. ignobilis, and 74 Vertebrate Zoology, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 individuals and 43,299 SNPs of C. melampygus. Analyses of geographic population structure indicate the two species * Corresponding author email: display subtly different phylogeographic patterns. Caranx <[email protected]> ignobilis comprises two to three putative populations—one in the Central Pacific, one inhabiting the Western Pacific and Eastern Indian oceans, and one in the Western Indian Ocean—with some restricted gene flow between them. Caranx melampygus shows evidence of restricted gene flow from Hawaii to the West Pacific and Indian oceans, as well as limited genetic connectivity across the Indo- Pacific Barrier. Both species exhibit patterns characteristic of other large, reef-associated predators such as deepwater snappers and the great barracuda. This study contributes to ongoing assessments of the role of the Indo-Pacific Barrier in shaping patterns of phylogeography for large reef-associated fishes. Furthermore, by identifying putative populations of C. ignobilis and C. melampygus in the Central Pacific, our Handling Editor: John F Walter III findings serve to improve future management measures for these economically important, data-limited species, Date Submitted: 12 December, 2019. Date Accepted: 3 March, 2021. particularly in light of historic and contemporary overfishing Available Online: 3 March, 2021. in Hawaii. Understanding geographic patterns of genetic variation for economically impor- tant marine fishes is critical for determining stock structure, barriers to migration, patterns of recruitment, and other biological components necessary to manage the Bulletin of Marine Science 257 © 2021 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami 258 Bulletin of Marine Science. Vol 97, No 2. 2021 exploitation of populations in a spatial context (Hellberg et al. 2002, Palumbi 2004, Bradbury et al. 2008). For example, the design of effective marine reserves relies on models of gene flow, spawning time and location, and physical and biological vari- ables of larval dispersal (Apostolaki et al. 2002, Sala et al. 2002, Palumbi 2003, Green et al. 2015). Gathering relevant biological data for transboundary fisheries manage- ment is of utmost importance, especially for predatory fishes, which are the most exploited in the world’s oceans (Pauly et al. 1998, Sibert et al. 2006, Fenner 2014). Tunas, swordfish, and other pelagic, predatory fishery species have received sig- nificant genetic research attention because of their high commercial value (Ward 1995, Lu et al. 2006, Jackson et al. 2014, Antoniou et al. 2017, Pecoraro et al. 2018). However, large knowledge gaps remain for species that are primarily harvested for artisanal and small-scale commercial fisheries (Salas et al. 2007, Jacquet and Pauly 2008, Pilling et al. 2009, Evans and Andrew 2011). Giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) and bluefin trevally Caranx( melampygus; Fig. 1) are top-predator marine species (Glass et al. 2020) that are economically important for recreational, artisanal, and small-scale commercial fisheries across their ranges (Abdussamad et al. 2008, FAO 2014). They are frequently targeted by sportfishing charters in locations such as Hawaii, Japan, South Africa, Kenya, Indian Ocean is- lands (e.g., Seychelles, Maldives), as well as in the Red Sea and Gulf of Oman (Gaffeny 2000, Meyer et al. 2001, Maggs 2013, EAD 2014). The two species hold historical cultural significance for Native Hawaiians, but due to overharvesting and dangers to humans of ciguatera poisoning, the fishery for C. ignobilis and C. melampygus has been limited by state-mandated closures (Gaffeny 2000, Friedlander and Dalzell 2004, Nadon 2017). Both species share a distribution in tropical and subtropical wa- ters in the Indian and Western Pacific oceans, while C. melampygus is also resident in the Eastern Pacific, extending to the western coasts of Central and South America. Although C. ignobilis has a body size larger than that of C. melampygus—reach- ing up to 180 cm fork length (FL) compared to 117 cm FL—both species are often seen schooling together and have been reported to hybridize (Sudekum et al. 1991, Honebrink 2000, Murakami et al. 2007, Santos et al. 2011). Studies on the movement behavior of C. ignobilis indicate high adult residency, with daily vertical migrations and periodic to seasonal excursions of tens to hun- dreds of kilometers, presumably for feeding and spawning (Meyer et al. 2007, Lédée et al. 2015, Papastamatiou et al. 2015, Filous et al. 2017, Daly et al. 2019). To date, large spawning aggregations (>1000 individuals) of C. ignobilis have been identified in northern and southern Mozambique and the Philippines (von Westernhagen 1974, da Silva et al. 2015, Daly et al. 2018). While less studied than C. ignobilis, individu- als of C. melampygus in Hawaii exhibit similar movement behavior, specifically diel movement patterns and site fidelity (Holland et al. 1996, Meyer and Honebrink 2005, Filous et al. 2017). The extent to which both species travel to spawn seems depen- dent on geographic location as well as habitat and oceanographic features (Holland et al. 1996, Daly et al. 2019). Both species spawn in summer months, and multiple spawning events within a season have been reported (Sudekum et al. 1991, Meyer et al. 2007, Daly et al. 2018). Both C. ignobilis and C. melampygus associate with coral and rocky reefs, yet are sometimes also classified as semipelagic, similar to other large fishes such as barracudas Sphyraena( spp.) and yellowtail amberjacks (Seriola spp.; Gold and Richardson 1998, Babbucci et al. 2006, Daly-Engel et al. 2012). The widespread distributions of C. ignobilis and C. melampygus imply high dispersal Glass et al.: Phylogeography of giant and bluefin trevallies 259 Figure 1. (A) Giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) and (B) bluefin trevally Caranx( melampygus) adults and juveniles. Illustrations by Elaine Heemstra, courtesy of the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. capacities, but the territorial behaviors and site-fidelity patterns observed in these two species convolute the expectations of long-distance connectivity. Because of their Indo-Pacific distributions, large body sizes, and life histories, characterizing the phylogeographic patterns of C. ignobilis and C. melampygus is relevant for ongoing work assessing the role and importance of major biogeographic barriers, such as the Indo-Pacific Barrier (IPB). The IPB, comprised of the Indonesian Archipelago, is a biogeographic barrier for marine organisms between the Indian and Pacific oceans (Briggs 2009), and much research has focused on how the IPB has facilitated and maintained high levels of species diversity in the Coral Triangle (Cowman and Bellwood 2013, Crandall et al. 2019). The Coral Triangle serves as both a biological diversity hotspot and a scientific hotspot for phylogeographic studies (Barber et al. 2011, Carpenter et al. 2011, Crandall et al. 2019). The extent to which patterns of gene flow and larval dispersal across the IPB are consistent among marine fishes and invertebrates remains an ongoing topic of research (Horne 2014, Keyse et al. 2014). Most studies have examined the influence of the IPB on shallow-water coral 260 Bulletin of Marine Science. Vol 97, No 2. 2021 reef fishes (Bowen et al. 2013, Keyse et al. 2014, Crandall et al. 2019), although re- search on deeper water and pelagic fishes has contributed to characterizing the com- plexity of the IPB (Reece et al. 2010, Gaither et al. 2011, Jackson et al. 2014). While the IPB serves as a barrier to population connectivity for many coral reef fishes (Bowen et al. 2016), other species exhibit gene flow across the IPB, facilitated by life history characteristics, directional flow, and magnitude of ocean currents (Carpenter et al. 2011, Horne 2014, Keyse et al. 2014, Crandall et al. 2019). Caranx ignobilis and C. melampygus are members of the clade Carangoidei (Girard et al. 2020), whose bulk of species diversity is located in the Coral Triangle. Some carangoid species (e.g., Seriola spp. and Trachurus spp.) have received substantial research attention due to their economic importance (Gold and Richardson 1998, Cárdenas et al. 2005, Purcell et al. 2015, Moreira et al. 2019). For many of these species, genetic
Recommended publications
  • Skeletal Development and Mineralization Pattern of The
    e Rese tur arc ul h c & a u D q e A v e f l o o Mesa-Rodríguez et al., J Aquac Res Development 2014, 5:6 l p a m n Journal of Aquaculture r e u n o t DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000266 J ISSN: 2155-9546 Research & Development Research Article OpenOpen Access Access Skeletal Development and Mineralization Pattern of the Vertebral Column, Dorsal, Anal and Caudal Fin Complex in Seriola Rivoliana (Valenciennes, 1833) Larvae Mesa-Rodríguez A*, Hernández-Cruz CM, Socorro JA, Fernández-Palacios H, Izquierdo MS and Roo J Aquaculture Research Group, Science and Technology Park, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, P. O. Box 56, 35200 Telde, Canary Islands, Spain Abstract Bone and fins development in Seriola rivoliana were studied from cleared and stained specimens from 3 to 33 days after hatching. The vertebral column began to mineralize in the neural arches at 4.40 ± 0.14 mm Standard Length (SL), continued with the haemal arches and centrums following a cranial-caudal direction. Mineralization of the caudal fin structures started with the caudal rays by 5.12 ± 0.11 mm SL, at the same time that the notochord flexion occurs. The first dorsal and anal fin structures were the hard spines (S), and lepidotrichium (R) by 8.01 ± 0.26 mm SL. The metamorphosis was completed by 11.82 ± 0.4 mm SL. Finally, the fin supports (pterygiophores) and the caudal fins were completely mineralized by 16.1 ± 0.89 mm SL. In addition, the meristic data of 23 structures were provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Status of the Recreational Fishery for Ulua in Hawai‘I, and Recommendations for Future Management
    Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Aquatic Resources Technical Report 20-02 Evaluation of the status of the recreational fishery for ulua in Hawai‘i, and recommendations for future management October 2000 Benjamin J. Cayetano Governor DIVISION OF AQUATIC RESOURCES Department of Land and Natural Resources 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 330 Honolulu, HI 96813 November 2000 Cover photo by Kit Hinhumpetch Evaluation of the status of the recreational fishery for ulua in Hawai‘i, and recommendations for future management DAR Technical Report 20-02 “Ka ulua kapapa o ke kai loa” The ulua fish is a strong warrior. Hawaiian proverb “Kayden, once you get da taste fo’ ulua fishing’, you no can tink of anyting else!” From Ulua: The Musical, by Lee Cataluna Rick Gaffney and Associates, Inc. 73-1062 Ahikawa Street Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Phone: (808) 325-5000 Fax: (808) 325-7023 Email: [email protected] 3 4 Contents Introduction . 1 Background . 2 The ulua in Hawaiian culture . 2 Coastal fishery history since 1900 . 5 Ulua landings . 6 The ulua sportfishery in Hawai‘i . 6 Biology . 8 White ulua . 9 Other ulua . 9 Bluefin trevally movement study . 12 Economics . 12 Management options . 14 Overview . 14 Harvest refugia . 15 Essential fish habitat approach . 27 Community based management . 28 Recommendations . 29 Appendix . .32 Bibliography . .33 5 5 6 Introduction Unique marine resources, like Hawai‘i’s ulua/papio, have cultural, scientific, ecological, aes- thetic and functional values that are not generally expressed in commercial catch statistics and/or the market place. Where their populations have not been depleted, the various ulua pop- ular in Hawai‘i’s fisheries are often quite abundant and are thought to play the role of a signifi- cant predator in the ecology of nearshore marine ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico And
    A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes THIRD EDITION GSMFC No. 300 NOVEMBER 2020 i Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Commissioners and Proxies ALABAMA Senator R.L. “Bret” Allain, II Chris Blankenship, Commissioner State Senator District 21 Alabama Department of Conservation Franklin, Louisiana and Natural Resources John Roussel Montgomery, Alabama Zachary, Louisiana Representative Chris Pringle Mobile, Alabama MISSISSIPPI Chris Nelson Joe Spraggins, Executive Director Bon Secour Fisheries, Inc. Mississippi Department of Marine Bon Secour, Alabama Resources Biloxi, Mississippi FLORIDA Read Hendon Eric Sutton, Executive Director USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Florida Fish and Wildlife Ocean Springs, Mississippi Conservation Commission Tallahassee, Florida TEXAS Representative Jay Trumbull Carter Smith, Executive Director Tallahassee, Florida Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas LOUISIANA Doug Boyd Jack Montoucet, Secretary Boerne, Texas Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Baton Rouge, Louisiana GSMFC Staff ASMFC Staff Mr. David M. Donaldson Mr. Bob Beal Executive Director Executive Director Mr. Steven J. VanderKooy Mr. Jeffrey Kipp IJF Program Coordinator Stock Assessment Scientist Ms. Debora McIntyre Dr. Kristen Anstead IJF Staff Assistant Fisheries Scientist ii A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes Third Edition Edited by Steve VanderKooy Jessica Carroll Scott Elzey Jessica Gilmore Jeffrey Kipp Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission 2404 Government St Ocean Springs, MS 39564 and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission 1050 N. Highland Street Suite 200 A-N Arlington, VA 22201 Publication Number 300 November 2020 A publication of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award Number NA15NMF4070076 and NA15NMF4720399.
    [Show full text]
  • Seriola Dumerili (Greater Amberjack)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Diversity Seriola dumerili (Greater Amberjack) Family: Carangidae (Jacks and Pompanos) Order: Perciformes (Perch and Allied Fish) Class: Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fish) Fig. 1. Greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili. [http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mf/amberjack_greater downloaded 20 October 2016] TRAITS. The species Seriola dumerili displays rapid growth during development as a juvenile progressing to an adult. It is the largest species of the family of jacks. At adulthood, S. dumerili would typically weigh about 80kg and reach a length of 1.8-1.9m. Sexual maturity is achieved between the age of 3-5 years, and females may live longer and grow larger than males (FAO, 2016). S. dumurili are rapid-moving predators as shown by their body form (Fig. 1) (FLMNH, 2016). The adult is silvery-bluish in colour, whereas the juvenile is yellow-green. It has a characteristic goldish side line, as well as a dark band near the eye, as seen in Figs 1 and 2 (FAO, 2016; MarineBio, 2016; NCDEQ, 2016). DISTRIBUTION. S. dumerili is native to the waters of Trinidad and Tobago. Typically pelagic, found between depths of 10-360m, the species can be described as circumglobal. In other words, it is found worldwide, as seen in Fig. 3, though much more rarely in some areas, for example the eastern Pacific Ocean (IUCN, 2016). Due to this distribution, there is no threat to the population of the species, despite overfishing in certain locations. Migrations do occur, which are thought to be linked to reproductive cycles.
    [Show full text]
  • P.P. Manoj Kumar.Pmd
    52 J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 50 (1) : 52 - 56, January - June 2008 P.P. Manojkumar Observations on the food of Nemipterus mesoprion (Bleeker, 1853) from Malabar coast P. P. Manojkumar Calicut Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute,West Hill, Calicut – 673005, India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Food of the threadfin bream Nemipterus mesoprion from the fishing grounds off Malabar coast were studied based on 3361 specimens. The studies showed that the fish is a demersal carnivore, subsisting mainly on crustaceans, teleosts, molluscs, polychaetes and miscellaneous food items. The trophic spectrum of N. mesoprion composed of 26 food items. Fish in all size groups preferred crustaceans. Penaeid prawns, Acetes spp. and deep-sea prawns were the dominant crustaceans in the diet. Anchovies, scads, lizardfishes and whitefish were the teleosts that formed the major diet component. N. mesoprion showed preference for teleosts as they grew. Copepods, crabs and squilla were seen mostly in the stomach of juveniles and pre- adult fishes. Teleosts were the major food during January-March and in all the other months crustaceans were dominant in the food. Feeding intensity was poor during most of the months. Keywords: Nemipterus mesoprion, demersal carnivore, Malabar coast Introduction in the length range of 89-249 mm were analysed. The total length and maturity stages of the fish Threadfin breams are one of the major demersal were recorded and the stomach contents were finfish resources exploited along the Indian coast. analysed. Index of Relative Importance (IRI) of They are caught by trawlers upto a depth of 120 prey was estimated following Pinkas et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Species Research 38:135
    Vol. 38: 135–145, 2019 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published March 14 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00942 Endang Species Res OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Substantial impacts of subsistence fishing on the population status of an Endangered reef predator at a remote coral atoll Robert J. Lennox1,2,*, Alexander Filous2,3,4, Steven J. Cooke1, Andy J. Danylchuk2,3 1Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada 2Indifly, PO Box 4460, St Paul, Minnesota 55104, USA 3Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA 4The Island Initiative, Papeete, French Polynesia ABSTRACT: Napoleon wrasse Cheilinus undulatus has declined drastically throughout most of its range, owing, in large part, to overexploitation. In Anaa, French Polynesia, the species is har- vested as part of the subsistence catch by fishers using rockpile traps, spearguns, handmade har- poons, and baited handlines. We sampled 70 Napoleon wrasse captured by artisanal fishers of Anaa between 2015 and 2018 to assess the status of this population, and we applied data-poor fisheries models to assess the stock status of this iconic reef predator. The species was determined to be overexploited at a rate of 0.82 based on values of natural (0.14; Hoenig method) and fishing (0.58; difference of total and natural mortality) mortality as components of total mortality (0.72; Beverton-Holt estimation). The left-skewed length distribution (mean = 36 ± 13 cm SL) suggested an under-representation of large adults in the population, which would predominantly be terminal males in this sequentially hermaphroditic protogynous fish.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharkcam Fishes
    SharkCam Fishes A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower By Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie 1 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Info Index Trevor Mendelow, designer of SharkCam, on August 31, 2014, the day of the original SharkCam installation. SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 5th edition by Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. For questions related to this guide or its usage contact Erin Burge. The suggested citation for this guide is: Burge EJ, CE O’Brien and jon-newbie. 2020. SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 5th edition. Los Angeles: Explore.org Ocean Frontiers. 201 pp. Available online http://explore.org/live-cams/player/shark-cam. Guide version 5.0. 24 February 2020. 2 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Info Index TABLE OF CONTENTS SILVERY FISHES (23) ........................... 47 African Pompano ......................................... 48 FOREWORD AND INTRODUCTION .............. 6 Crevalle Jack ................................................. 49 IDENTIFICATION IMAGES ...................... 10 Permit .......................................................... 50 Sharks and Rays ........................................ 10 Almaco Jack ................................................. 51 Illustrations of SharkCam
    [Show full text]
  • Notice Calling for Suggestions, Views, Comments Etc from WTO- SPS Committee Members Within a Period of 60 Days on the Draft Noti
    Notice Calling for suggestions, views, comments etc from WTO- SPS Committee members within a period of 60 days on the draft notification related to Standards for list of Histamine Forming Fish Species and limits of Histamine level for Fish and Fishery Products. 1. In the Food Safety and Standards (Contaminants, toxins and Residues) Regulations, 2011, in regulation 2.5, relating to “Other Contaminants”, after sub-regulation 2.5.1 the following sub-regulation shall be inserted, namely:- “2.5.2 Histamine in Fish and Fishery Products contaminants, Toxins and Residues 1. Fish species having potential to cause histamine poisoning Sl.No. Family Scientific Name Common Name 1. Carangidae Alectis indica Indian Threadfish Alepes spp. Scad Atropus atropos Cleftbelly trevally Carangoides Yellow Jack bartholomaei Carangoides spp. Trevally Caranx crysos Blue runner Caranx spp. Jack/Trevally Decapterus koheru Koheru Decapterus russelli Indian scad Decapterus spp. Scad Elagatis bipinnulata Rainbow Runner Megalaspis cordyla Horse Mackerel/Torpedo Scad Nematistius pectoralis Roosterfish Oligoplites saurus Leather Jacket Pseudocaranx dentex White trevally Sl.No. Family Scientific Name Common Name Scomberoides Talang queenfish commersonnianus Scomberoides spp. Leather Jacket/Queen Fish Selene spp. Moonfish Seriola dumerili Greater/Japanese Amberjack or Rudder Fish Seriola lalandi Yellowtail Amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata Japanese Amberjack Seriola rivoliana Longfin Yellowtail Seriola spp. Amberjack or Yellowtail Trachurus capensis Cape Horse Mackerel Trachurus japonicas Japanese Jack Mackerel Trachurus murphyi Chilean Jack Mackerel Trachurus Yellowtail Horse Mackerel novaezelandiae Trachurus spp. Jack Mackerel/Horse Mackerel Trachurus trachurus Atlantic Horse Mackerel Uraspis secunda Cottonmouth jack 2. Chanidae Chanos chanos Milkfish 3. Clupeidae Alosa pseudoharengus Alewife Alosa spp. Herring Amblygaster sirm Spotted Sardinella Anodontostoma chacunda Chacunda gizzard shad Brevoortia patronus Gulf Menhaden Brevoortia spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography Review on Reproduction of the Most Important Fish Species of the Genus Seriola
    BIBLIOGRAPHY REVIEW ON REPRODUCTION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FISH SPECIES OF THE GENUS SERIOLA Final Degree Work of Degree in Marine Sciences Author: Nuria Esther Marrero Sánchez Academic Tutor: José Manuel Vergara Martin Cotutor: Hipólito Fernández-Palacios Barber Course 2016/2017 BIBLIOGRAPHY REVIEW ON REPRODUCTION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FISH SPECIES OF THE GENUS SERIOLA. Nuria Esther Marrero Sánchez The title of the work is: BIBLIOGRAPHY REVIEW ON REPRODUCTION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FISH SPECIES OF THE GENUS SERIOLA The student author of the work is Nuria Esther Marrero Sánchez, student of Degree in Marine Sciences at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. The academic tutor is José Manuel Vergara Martín, teacher at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. The cotutor is Hipólito Fernández-Palacios Barber, researcher at ECOAQUA -ULPGC institution. ~ 2 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY REVIEW ON REPRODUCTION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FISH SPECIES OF THE GENUS SERIOLA. Nuria Esther Marrero Sánchez Index Pages 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 4 2. Characteristics of the Genus Seriola................................................................... 5 2.1. Description of Seriola dumerili.................................................................... 6 2.2. Description of Seriola lalandi...................................................................... 7 2.3. Description of Seriola quinqueradiata......................................................... 8 2.4.
    [Show full text]
  • By Dylan Rose
    TheULTIMATE ATOLL A Saltwater Utopia for the Adventuresome Angler by Dylan Rose he moment I set foot on Christmas Island my life was changed forever. My first visit was a metaphorical abstraction of the island’s vibe, culture, warmth and relaxed pace. As I stepped off of the big Fiji Airways 737 onto the tarmac I noticed from Tbehind the airport fence a small gathering of villagers quietly watching us deplane. Some of the island’s sun-kissed, bronzed-faced children were standing behind the chain link fence, smiling and waving excitedly. I Dylan Rose tracks a GT that turned to look behind me expecting to see a familiar party waving back, was spotted from the boat. but I soon realized their brilliant white smiles were actually for me and my Photo: Brian Gies intrepid gang of arriving fly anglers. PAGE 1 The ULTIMATE ATOLL Of all the places I’ve traveled, the feeling of being truly welcome in a the Pacific Ocean. Captain Cook landed on the island on Christmas Eve in foreign land is the strongest at Christmas Island. It’s the attribute about the 1777 and I can only imagine what a great holiday it might have been if he had place that connects me most to it. It’s baffling to me how a locale so far packed an 8-weight and a few Gotchas. away and different from anything I know can somehow still feel so much Blasted by high altitude, British H-bomb testing in the late 1950s and like home. From the giddy bouncing children swimming in the boat harbor again by the United States in the 1960s, Christmas Island and its magnificent to the villagers tending their chores; to the guides and their families, the lodge population of seabirds got a front row view of the inception of the atomic age.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full-Text
    Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Vol. 20 (2015): 47-53 Reveived 5 May 2014 Accepted 19 Feb 2015 RESEARCH PAPER Protein resources and aquafeed development in the Sultanate of Oman Stephen Goddard 1* and Fahad Saleh Ibrahim 2 موارد الربوتني وتطوير أعﻻف اﻷحياء املائية يف سلطنة عمان ستيفن جودارد1* وفهد صاحل ابراهيم2 Abstract. The continued growth of intensive aquaculture is dependent on the development of sustainable protein sources to replace conventional fish meals in aquafeeds. Practical alternatives are plant-derived protein, protein from micro-organisms and protein from under-utilized marine resources. The challenges are to find alternative ingredients with high protein, suitable amino acid content, high palatability and absence of anti-nutritional factors. There is consid- erable biotechnology-based research in this area, including genetic modification of plant-based proteins, use of probi- otics to enhance digestibility and the renewed application of fermentation technologies to produce single cell proteins. Research in Oman is focused on the utilization of marine protein resources. Fisheries by-catch and processing waste have been evaluated as liquid hydrolysates and as meals for inclusion in aquafeeds and new research is planned on the utilization of meso-pelagic fish (myctophids), which occur in abundance in the Arabian Sea and the Sea of Oman. Initial studies have been conducted on the biochemical composition of the lantern fish,Benthosema pterotum, which revealed favorable protein, amino acid and long-chain PUFA content. Potential limiting factors were high levels of saturated lipids and the heavy metals arsenic and cadmium. These results will be discussed within a general review of marine resources and aquafeed development in Oman.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean Sea 2 7
    Metamorphoses: Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean Sea 2 7 B. S. Galil and Menachem Goren Abstract Six hundred and eighty alien marine multicellular species have been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea, with many establishing viable populations and dispersing along its coastline. A brief history of bioinvasions research in the Mediterranean Sea is presented. Particular attention is paid to gelatinous invasive species: the temporal and spatial spread of four alien scyphozoans and two alien ctenophores is outlined. We highlight few of the dis- cernible, and sometimes dramatic, physical alterations to habitats associated with invasive aliens in the Mediterranean littoral, as well as food web interactions of alien and native fi sh. The propagule pressure driving the Erythraean invasion is powerful in the establishment and spread of alien species in the eastern and central Mediterranean. The implications of the enlargement of Suez Canal, refl ecting patterns in global trade and economy, are briefl y discussed. Keywords Alien • Vectors • Trends • Propagule pressure • Trophic levels • Jellyfi sh • Mediterranean Sea Brief History of Bioinvasion Research came suddenly with the much publicized plans of the in the Mediterranean Sea Saint- Simonians for a “Canal de jonction des deux mers” at the Isthmus of Suez. Even before the Suez Canal was fully The eminent European marine naturalists of the sixteenth excavated, the French zoologist Léon Vaillant ( 1865 ) argued century – Belon, Rondelet, Salviani, Gesner and Aldrovandi – that the breaching of the isthmus will bring about species recorded solely species native to the Mediterranean Sea, migration and mixing of faunas, and advocated what would though mercantile horizons have already expanded with be considered nowadays a ‘baseline study’.
    [Show full text]