Oat Aphid, Rhopalosiphum Padi
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Egg Load Dynamics and the Risk of Egg and Time Limitation Experienced by an Aphid Parasitoid in the field Christine Dieckhoff1, Julian C
Egg load dynamics and the risk of egg and time limitation experienced by an aphid parasitoid in the field Christine Dieckhoff1, Julian C. Theobald2, Felix L. Wackers€ 2 & George E. Heimpel3 1Department of Entomology & Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 2Lancaster Environment Centre, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK 3Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108 Keywords Abstract Aphis glycines, Binodoxys communis, biological control, egg load, soybean aphid. Insect parasitoids and herbivores must balance the risk of egg limitation and time limitation in order to maximize reproductive success. Egg and time limita- Correspondence tion are mediated by oviposition and egg maturation rates as well as by starva- C. Dieckhoff, University of Delaware, tion risk and other determinants of adult lifespan. Here, we assessed egg load Entomology & Wildlife Ecology, 250 and nutritional state in the soybean aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis under Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA. field conditions to estimate its risk of becoming either egg- or time-limited. Tel: 302-731-7330 (ext 222); The majority of female B. communis showed no signs of egg limitation. Experi- Fax: 302-368-1674; E-mail: [email protected] mental field manipulations of B. communis females suggested that an average of 4–8 eggs were matured per hour over the course of a day. Regardless, egg loads Funding information remained constant over the course of the day at approximately 80 eggs, suggest- This research was funded through a USDA- ing that egg maturation compensates for oviposition. This is the first case of NRI grant to G. -
2009 Proceedings.Indd
Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 88 (2009) 139 THE RELEASE OF A NEW BENEFICIAL INSECT FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SOYBEAN APHID, A CROP PEST IN SOUTH DAKOTA Ana Mičijević1, Kelley J. Tilmon1, Roger Barrick2, Steve Sutera2, Larry Wag- ner2, Connie Strunk2, Paul Johnson2, Gary Erickson2, and Ray Gosmire2 1 Plant Science Department 2 South Dakota Cooperative Extension Service South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007 ABSTRACT The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important insect pest of soybean, a major crop in South Dakota. First discovered in the USA in 2000, it was accidentally introduced from Asia and spread quickly throughout Midwest. Insecticides are currently the primary control method for this pest, but biological control—control of pests through beneficial species—is a promising management approach. Soybean aphid is seldom a problem in its native Asia largely because of a group of natural enemies that feed on it. Uni- versities and USDA entomologists have identified the Asian parasitoid Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a promising species to release in the US for biological control of the soybean aphid. Since 2007 South Dakota has been part of a multi-state project to introduce B. communis to the region. In the summer of 2008 seven Midwestern states participated in parasitoid releases. Releases in South Dakota were a cooperative effort between SDSU scientists, Extension Educators, and South Dakota producers. We released B. communis in ten soybean fields in ten counties in eastern South Dakota. We inoculated release sites with a small number of parasitoids which might increase and spread over time. -
On Biodiversity in Grasslands: Coexistence, Invasion and Multitrophic Interactions
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 On biodiversity in grasslands: Coexistence, invasion and multitrophic interactions Petermann, J S Abstract: In a rapidly changing world suffering from extensive diversity loss, the most pressing questions remain largely unanswered: how can diversity exist in the first place and what are the consequences of its decline for ecosystems? In grasslands, resource niches have to date been considered the major mechanism responsible for plant coexistence and diversity. The neutral theory has recently challenged this view by attributing species coexistence solely to stochastic processes. Whereas the negative effects of plant diversity loss on primary productivity have been demonstrated numerous times in biodiversity experiments, its effects on higher trophic levels have rarely been explored. Here, we used aglasshouse experiment, simulation modelling approaches and field studies in the Jena biodiversity experiment to examine diversity maintenance, invasion and community assembly in plant communities and effects of plant diversity loss on higher trophic levels. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-24943 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Petermann, J S. On biodiversity in grasslands: Coexistence, invasion and multitrophic interactions. 2009, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. On biodiversity in grasslands: Coexistence, invasion and multitrophic interactions Jana S. Petermann Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde von der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich im Herbstsemester 2009 als Dissertation angenommen. Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Schmid (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Christine Müller Prof. Dr. Jasmin Joshi Prof. Dr. -
1 Large-Scale Geographic Survey Provides Insights Into the Colonization History of a Major
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.11.421644; this version posted December 14, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Large-scale geographic survey provides insights into the colonization history of a major 2 aphid pest on its cultivated apple host in Europe, North America and North Africa 3 4 Olvera-Vazquez S.G.1, Remoué C.1, Venon A.1, Rousselet A.1, Grandcolas O.1, Azrine M.1, 5 Momont L.1, Galan M.2, L. Benoit2, David G.3, Alhmedi A.4, Beliën T.4, Alins G.5, Franck 6 P.6, Haddioui A.7, Jacobsen S.K.8, Andreev R.9, Simon S.10, Sigsgaard L. 8, Guibert E.11, 7 Tournant L.12, Gazel F.13, Mody K.14, Khachtib Y. 7, Roman A.15, Ursu T.M.15, Zakharov I.A. 8 16, Belcram H.1, Harry M.17, Roth M.18, Simon J.C.19, Oram S.20, Ricard J.M.11, Agnello A.21, 9 Beers E. H.22, Engelman J.23, Balti I.24, Salhi-Hannachi A24, Zhang H.25, Tu H. 25, Mottet C.26, 10 Barrès B.26, Degrave A.27, Razmjou J. 28, Giraud T.3, Falque M.1, Dapena E.29, Miñarro, M.29, 11 Jardillier L.3, Deschamps P.3, Jousselin E.2, Cornille, A.1 12 13 1. Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190 14 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 15 2. -
Multi-Scale Characterization of Symbiont Diversity in the Pea Aphid
Guyomar et al. Microbiome (2018) 6:181 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0562-9 RESEARCH Open Access Multi-scale characterization of symbiont diversity in the pea aphid complex through metagenomic approaches Cervin Guyomar1,2, Fabrice Legeai1,2, Emmanuelle Jousselin3, Christophe Mougel1, Claire Lemaitre2 and Jean-Christophe Simon1* Abstract Background: Most metazoans are involved in durable relationships with microbes which can take several forms, from mutualism to parasitism. The advances of NGS technologies and bioinformatics tools have opened opportunities to shed light on the diversity of microbial communities and to give some insights into the functions they perform in a broad array of hosts. The pea aphid is a model system for the study of insect-bacteria symbiosis. It is organized in a complex of biotypes, each adapted to specific host plants. It harbors both an obligatory symbiont supplying key nutrients and several facultative symbionts bringing additional functions to the host, such as protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known on how the symbiont genomic diversity is structured at different scales: across host biotypes, among individuals of the same biotype, or within individual aphids, which limits our understanding on how these multi-partner symbioses evolve and interact. Results: We present a framework well adapted to the study of genomic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of the pea aphid holobiont from metagenomic read sets, based on mapping to reference genomes and whole genome variant calling. Our results revealed that the pea aphid microbiota is dominated by a few heritable bacterial symbionts reported in earlier works, with no discovery of new microbial associates. -
Parasitism of the Soybean Aphid, Aphis Glycines by Binodoxys Communis: the Role of Aphid Defensive Behaviour and Parasitoid Reproductive Performance
Bulletin of Entomological Research (2008) 98, 361–370 doi:10.1017/S000748530800566X Ó 2008 Cambridge University Press Printed in the United Kingdom First published online 25 February 2008 Parasitism of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines by Binodoxys communis: the role of aphid defensive behaviour and parasitoid reproductive performance K.A.G. Wyckhuys1 *, L. Stone3, N. Desneux2, K.A. Hoelmer4, K.R. Hopper4 and G.E. Heimpel2 1Horticulture Research Center, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Chia (Cundinamarca), Colombia: 2Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA: 3Saint Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota, USA: 4Beneficial Insect Introductions Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Newark, Delaware, USA Abstract The Asian parasitoid, Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is a candidate for release against the exotic soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in North America. In this study, we examined preferences by B. communis for the different developmental stages of A. glycines and investigated consequences of these preferences for parasitoid fitness. We also determined to what extent aphid defensive behaviours mediate such preferences. We found that B. communis readily attacks and successfully develops in the different A. glycines developmental stages. Binodoxys communis development time gradually increased with aphid developmental stage, and wasps took longest to develop in alates. An average (+SE) of 54.01+0.08% of parasitized A. glycines alatoid nymphs transformed into winged adult aphids prior to mummification. No-choice assays showed a higher proportion of successful attacks for immature apterous A. glycines nymphs compared to adults and alatoid nymphs. Also, choice trials indicated avoidance and lower attack and oviposition of adults and alatoid nymphs. -
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Cultivable Strains of the Bacterial
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Cultivable Strains of the Bacterial Symbiont Serratia symbiotica François Renoz, Jérôme Ambroise, Bertrand Bearzatto, Patrice Baa-Puyoulet, Federica Calevro, Jean-Luc Gala, Thierry Hance To cite this version: François Renoz, Jérôme Ambroise, Bertrand Bearzatto, Patrice Baa-Puyoulet, Federica Calevro, et al.. Draft Genome Sequences of Two Cultivable Strains of the Bacterial Symbiont Serratia symbiotica. Microbiology Resource Announcements, American Society for Microbiology, 2020, 9 (10), pp.e01579- 19. 10.1128/MRA.01579-19. hal-02505875 HAL Id: hal-02505875 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02505875 Submitted on 25 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GENOME SEQUENCES crossm Draft Genome Sequences of Two Cultivable Strains of the Bacterial Symbiont Serratia symbiotica François Renoz,a Jérôme Ambroise,b Bertrand Bearzatto,b Patrice Baa-Puyoulet,c Federica Calevro,c Jean-Luc Gala,b Thierry Hancea Downloaded from aEarth and Life Institute (ELI), Biodiversity Research Centre, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium bCenter for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium cUniv Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRAE, BF2i, UMR0203, Villeurbanne, France ABSTRACT Serratia symbiotica, one of the most frequent symbiont species in aphids, includes strains that exhibit various lifestyles ranging from free-living to obligate in- tracellular mutualism. -
Ubiquity of the Symbiont Serratia Symbiotica in the Aphid Natural Environment
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.18.440331; this version posted April 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Ubiquity of the Symbiont Serratia symbiotica in the Aphid Natural Environment: 2 Distribution, Diversity and Evolution at a Multitrophic Level 3 4 Inès Pons1*, Nora Scieur1, Linda Dhondt1, Marie-Eve Renard1, François Renoz1, Thierry Hance1 5 6 1 Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, 7 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 8 9 10 * Corresponding author: 11 Inès Pons 12 Croix du Sud 4-5, bte L7.07.04, 1348 Louvain la neuve, Belgique 13 [email protected] 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.18.440331; this version posted April 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 25 ABSTRACT 26 Bacterial symbioses are significant drivers of insect evolutionary ecology. However, despite recent 27 findings that these associations can emerge from environmentally derived bacterial precursors, there 28 is still little information on how these potential progenitors of insect symbionts circulates in the trophic 29 systems. The aphid symbiont Serratia symbiotica represents a valuable model for deciphering 30 evolutionary scenarios of bacterial acquisition by insects, as its diversity includes intracellular host- 31 dependent strains as well as gut-associated strains that have retained some ability to live independently 32 of their hosts and circulate in plant phloem sap. -
Wheat Aphid CP
INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE GRAINS INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Wheat aphid Sitobion avenae Prepared by Rob Weppler and Plant Health Australia March 2009 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Contingency Plan – Wheat aphid (Sitobion avenae) Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts were made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Suite 5, FECCA House 4 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au | PAGE 2 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Contingency Plan – Wheat -
Sitobion) Miscanthi (Takahashi) (Homoptera: Aphididae
International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Volume 2, Issue 9, October 2014, PP 17-41 ISSN 2349-0357 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0365 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Systematics, Nymphal Characteristics and Food Plants of Sitobion (Sitobion) Miscanthi (Takahashi) (Homoptera: Aphididae) Abhilasha Srivastava Rajendra Singh Department of Zoology Department of Zoology D.D.U. Gorakhpur University D.D.U. Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur, India Gorakhpur, India [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: The wheat aphid, Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) (Aphididae: Hemiptera) is a destructive aphid, native to Formosa but now distributed in many wheat growing countries of the world. It is a small (apterae 3.05-3.45 mm, alatae 2.35–2.92 mm) greenish to brownish aphid with dark siphunculi and light coloured cauda. Young ones are yellowish green in colour while grown-ups are light brownish to blackish brown. In India, it is reported on 84 plant species belonging to 13 plant families. It infests especially plant families Poaceae (Graminae). In northeastern Uttar Pradesh it was observed on feeding five host plants: Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., Phalaris minor Retz, and Triticum aestivum L. In this article the taxonomic status, synonymy, economic importance, distribution, life history, and food plants of S. miscanthi were described. The adult parthenogenetic viviparous apterae and alatae as well as alate male (sexual morph, not recorded in the study area) were morphologically described giving the morphometry of all taxonomic characters along with illustrations. Several taxonomic characters of the first to fourth instar nymphs of apterous morph of S. -
Additions to the Turkish Aphid Fauna (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae)
NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 7 (2): 318-321 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2011 Article No.: 111206 www.herp-or.uv.ro/nwjz Additions to the Turkish Aphid fauna (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae) Gazi GÖRÜR*, İlker TEPECİK, Hayal AKYILDIRIM and Gülay OLCABEY Nigde University, Department of Biology, 51100 Nigde-Turkey. *Corresponding author, G. Görür’s e-mail: [email protected] Received: 12. July 2010 / Accepted: 10. April 2011 / Available online: 30.April 2011 Abstract. As a result of the study carried out between 2007 and 2009 in far Eastern part of the Black Sea Re- gion of Turkey to determine aphid species on herbaceous plants, 17 species were determined as new records for Turkey aphid fauna. New recorded species are Aphis acanthoidis (Börner 1940), Aphis brunellae Schouteden 1903, Aphis genistae Scopoli 1763, Aphis longituba Hille Ris Lambers 1966, Aphis molluginis (Börner 1950), Aphis pseudocomosa Stroyan 1972, Aphis thomasi (Börner 1950), Capitophorus inulae (Passerini 1860), Metopolophium tenerum Hille Ris Lambers 1947, Microlophium sibiricum (Mordvilko 1914), Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi 1921), Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas 1878), Uroleucon compositae (Theobald 1915), Uroleucon kikioense (Shinji 1941), Uroleucon pulicariae (Hille Ris Lambers 1933), Uroleucon scorzonerae Danielsson 1973, Uroleucon siculum Barba- gallo & Stroyan 1980. With these new records, the number of the species increased to 472 in Turkey aphid fauna. Key words: Aphid, Aphidoidea, herbaceous plants, Turkey. The known world aphid fauna consists of about (2008), Eser et al. (2009), Görür et al. (2009), 4500 species and 250 of those species are thought Akyürek et al. (2010) and Barjadze et al. (2011) to be serious pests around the world, and also in added 36 new records and the total number of the Turkey, where they cause economically important aphid species increased to 455. -
Host-Microbe Relations: a Phylogenomics-Driven Bioinformatic Approach to the Characterization of Microbial DNA from Heterogeneous Sequence Data
Host-Microbe Relations: A Phylogenomics-Driven Bioinformatic Approach to the Characterization of Microbial DNA from Heterogeneous Sequence Data Timothy Patrick Driscoll Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology Joseph J Gillespie David R Bevan Madhav V Marathe T M Murali May 1st, 2013 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: phylogenomics, genome-mining, host-microbe interactions, genomics, bioinformatics, symbiosis, bacteria, lateral gene transfer Copyright 2013 Host-Microbe Relations: A Phylogenomics-Driven Bioinformatic Approach to the Characterization of Microbial DNA from Heterogeneous Sequence Data Timothy Patrick Driscoll ABSTRACT Plants and animals are characterized by intimate, enduring, often indispensable, and always complex associations with microbes. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that when the genome of a eukaryote is sequenced, a medley of bacterial sequences are produced as well. These sequences can be highly informative about the interactions between the eukaryote and its bacterial cohorts; unfortunately, they often comprise a vanishingly small constituent within a heterogeneous mixture of microbial and host sequences. Genomic analyses typically avoid the bacterial sequences in order to obtain a genome sequence for the host. Metagenomic analysis typically avoid the host sequences in order to analyze community composition and functional diversity of the bacterial component. This dissertation describes the development of a novel approach at the intersection of genomics and metagenomics, aimed at the extraction and characterization of bacterial sequences from heterogeneous sequence data using phylogenomic and bioinformatic tools. To achieve this objective, three interoperable workflows were constructed as modular computational pipelines, with built-in checkpoints for periodic interpretation and refinement.