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Investigations on Some Induced Risks to Tourism Infrastructure Within the Resorts of Harghita County

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Investigations on Some Induced Risks to Tourism Infrastructure Within the Resorts of Harghita County Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning J o u r n a l h o m e p a g e: http://jssp.reviste.ubbcluj.ro Investigations on Some Induced Risks to Tourism Infrastructure within the Resorts of Harghita County Attila PETELEY1 1 Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Geography, Gheorghieni Branch, ROMANIA E-mail: [email protected] K e y w o r d s: tourism infrastructure, modernization, effects of risks, neglecting and resorts A B S T R A C T In this paper I considered to investigate two important aspects regarding some risks that are affecting tourism infrastructure as well as the tourism flow in the resorts of Harghita County. The investigations are based on direct field observation and comparison in time of changes induced by human activities. Carrying out these activities, which tend to become risks, can disturb, modify, or have a negative impact on the visitors’ experiences in tourism resorts in Harghita County. In what human activities are concerned, in this paper I will focus mainly on two aspects: one of them is based on risks generated by modernization activities on local infrastructure within resorts and the effects that these works generate as they are carried out. These maintenance or development works to the drinking water supply system, or the sewage water system, the maintenance of the electricity or special cable transports like cable television, telephone and internet, or the modernizing of transport infrastructure (roads), disturb tourism flows, affect the general aspect of the landscape and produce discomfort to visitors. The other aspect that I observed referes to human neglection, resulting in the degradation, partial or total destruction or even total loss of components of tourism infrastructure. Underlining local authorities’ carelessness in a certain sector shows that they do not pursue or plan correctly the timeline and the way in which modernisation activities are carried out within resorts. 1. INTRODUCTION their natural resources, attracting factors, air quality, and according to mineral water springs [1]. Tourism is one of the fastest growing Another pioneer in territorial arrangements industries, and it has proven that it is one of the most and planning within Romanian tourism resorts is P. vulnerable economic sectors in our country. Its Cocean (1992), who studied and classified resorts and vulnerability comes from its outmost importance in their components according to their use. According to several settlements in Harghita County, where it him, the sum of the natural conditions need to be represents the main income source of many family run considered as the founding elements of all tourism firms. Resorts in Harghita County have been thoroughly activities, as their visual beauty triggers the tourism studied by several scientists, amongst whom we flow [2]. mention the works of N. Ciangă (1998), who studied all In this paper, in order to be able to present the resorts in the Eastern Carpathians, and laid the some aspects on the possible risk factors that can foundation of several other studies on this region. He influence tourism flow, we need to understand how any studied them according to their geographic location, work can be carried out. First we need to know how any Attila PETELEY Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning, Special Issue, no. 2 (2013) 347-352 work can be implemented. These are regulated by law, municipality, Lacu Roşu resort, which belongs and all start from a P.A.T.N. (National Territorial administratively to Gheorgheni, and is 35 km Arrangement Plan) from which the P.A.T.Z. (Zone eastwards, Izvorul Mureşului is governed by Voşlobeni, Territorial Arrangement Plan) is derived. This latter one and Băile Homorod are governed by Vlăhiţa. Single is reduced and tailor-made into a P.A.T.J. (County governing units are only Băile Tuşnad, Borsec resort, Territorial Arrangement Plan). The local development and Praid. As it is shown, in four cases the territorial planning than it is derived from the P.U.G. (the General planning and infrastructure development decisions are Urbanism Plan), with its regulations, and then it is cut taken in other towns, then in the resorts themselves. to the P.U.Z. (the Zone Urbanism Plan) and its To ensure constant improvement of services, regulations and then to the P.U.D. (the Detailed modernization is a necessity. Depending on the local Urbanism Plan). All these documents include budget and on entrepreneurs’ involvement in the region regulations which refer to the protection of natural the dimension and aspect of development projects resources and of environment, to social and economic change. These projects may include infrastructure development, etc. [3]. modernizing (rehabilitating roads and streets, drinking water supply systems, sewage water systems, electricity 2. THEORY AND METHODOLOGY supply systems, special transport systems – cable television, telephone and internet –, transport on cable After understanding how development plans or modernizing tourism infrastructure units like are put into action, for the elaboration of the fallowing swimming pools, housing units, etc.). material I used data obtained during several trips I took As a result we need to see why these necessary to each location, and while collecting data, I came activities can turn into risks for the visitors. across a series of elements, that I would like to present Development works are carried out by the local in the second part of this paper. I have structured my authorities mostly between the middle of spring and paper into two main chapters. One of them deals with mid autumn. In most if not in all cases this represents elements that need to be done differently during the tourism season for those resorts. Considering the development and maintenance works on infrastructure landscape and surroundings in which the resorts are within the resorts of Harghita County. Direct located, we can say that most of the resorts are in the observation combined with statistical data on overnight mountainous area, and every one of them are all season stays (from the National Institute of Statistics) led to a resorts, while one of their high seasons is during series of results and effects that are shown in chapter 3 summer. [4]. The second aspect refers to presenting the decay of The companies that win the organized auctions several tourism infrastructure elements within some for the execution of the projects carry out their activities resorts, which are fighting with serious economic and in accessible and appropriate weather conditions. All tourism decay (see chapter 4). this is fine, regardless of the tasks that they will perform for the benefit of the resort, but we need to know, that 3. MODERNIZING WORKS INFLUENCE in all resorts, soil is mostly frozen between late TOURISTS’ LEISURE EXPERIENCE November and early May and this means that working with frozen soil is very difficult and can present higher Development and constant improvement is a wear rate for the equipment that is used. This is why all goal, which all resorts consider necessary when they set companies, which deploy modernizing activities, carry their targets. These targets are set usually for certain out their jobs in the period mentioned above. periods of time, and they are discussed on a local, The companies that carry out the tasks want to regional or county level, depending on their impact and work only in the above mentioned period and their on their financial implications. As we all know, presence together with the visitors will not necessarily modernizing infrastructure has a peculiar feature in benefit the economy of the resort. The presence of the Romania. It tends to extend more than it is usually employees, their equipment and noise may and will planned, and usually several new aspects appear, that affect tourist’s mood, experience, and health condition are not counted for. Carrying out these activities tends (fig. 1). to generate risks, considering that they disturb, modify In another aspect, before we see the how, we or have a negative impact on visitors’ experiences in need to know what kind of activities are included in tourism resorts in Harghita County. modernizing infrastructure and which affected in the Local authorities, through their modernizing past four years the resorts in Harghita County. Here we works, influence tourists’ leisure experience. Now, in need to see the projects that were made public by the Harghita County, local authorities are the town halls government, referring to the development and and the mayor’s offices which in most cases are not rehabilitation of the drinking water supply system and located within the same settlement. This is the case of of the waste water system management and a Băile Harghita, which belongs to Miercurea Ciuc development plan through the program called 348 Investigations on Some Induced Risks to Tourism Infrastructure within the Resorts of Harghita County Journal Settlements and Spatial Planning, Special Issue, no. 2 (2013) 347-352 “integrated system for rehabilitating water supply and destinations. If tourists are in transit, their time for sewage systems, drinking water treatment systems visiting and sightseeing is planned. If plans are knocked and waste water treatment in settlements with up to over by unforeseen events, such as road works, queues 50,000 inhabitants” [6]. This program included Băile will generate the above mentioned states of behaviour. Tuşnad, Borsec, Cristuru Secuiesc, Gheorgheni All these
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