DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Table of Contents International Law Studies—Volume 45 International Law Documents The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S. Government, the U.S. Department of the Navy or the Naval War College. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. The Treaties of Peace of 1947 Page (1) Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Italy, Paris, 10 February 1947 1 (2) Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Bulgaria, Paris, 10 February 1947 _ ... 105 (3) Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary, Paris, 10 February 1947 _ 115 (4) Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Roumania, Paris, 10 February 1947 126 (5) Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Finland, Paris, 10 February 1947 _. 131 II. The Pacific Area The Japanese Surrender (6) Instrument of Surrender, Tokyo Bay, 2 September 1945 139 (7) Proclamation by the Emperor of Japan 141 The Far Eastern Commission (8) Terms of Reference of the Far Eastern Commission, Moscow, 27 December 1945.. _ 142 Trusteeship of the Territory of the Pacific Islands (9) Trusteeship Agreement for the Territory of the Pacific Islands, approved by the Security Council of the United Nations 2 April 1947, and by the President of the United States 18 July 1947 _. „ 146 (10) Interim Administration for the Territory of the Pacific Islands, Executive Order 9875, 18 July 1947 _. 152 Agreements between the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines (11) Provisional Agreement between the United States and the Re- public of the Philippines, Manila, 4 July 1946 154 (12) Treaty of General Relations, Manila, 4 July 1946 156 (13) Agreement concerning Military Bases, Manila, 14 March 1947 161 (14) Agreement on Military Assistance, Manila, 21 March 1947 181 The South Pacific Commission (15) Agreement Establishing the South Pacific Commission, Canberra, 6 February 1947_. 190 V VI III. The Middle East The League of Arab States Page (16) Pact of the League of Arab States, Cairo, 22 March 1945 205 IV. The Western Hemisphere The Caribbean Commission (17) Agreement for the Establishment of the Caribbean Commission, Washington, 30 October 1946 _ 213 Naval Missions of the United States (18) Agreement between the Governments of the United States and Colombia, Washington, 14 October 1946 223 Reciprocal Assistance among American States (19) Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, Rio de Janeiro, 2 September 1947 _ 232 V. Trials of War Criminals Trials in Europe (20) Excerpts from the Judgment of the International Military Tribunal, Niirnberg, 30 September-1 October 1946 241 (21) Tabulation of Niirnberg Sentences 308 (22) Resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations, 11 December 1946 308 (23) Control Council for Germany Law No. 10, 20 December 1945.. _. 309 Trials in the Far East (24) Proclamation by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Tokyo, 19 January 1946 _._ 317 (25) Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Tokyo, 19 January 1946 319 (26) In re Yamashita, Supreme Court of the United States, 4 Febru- ary 1946 _ 326 VI. International Agreements on Civil Aviation (27) Convention on International Civil Aviation, Chicago, 7 Decem- ber 1944 _ __ 349 (28) International Air Services Transit Agreement, Chicago, 7 Dec- ember 1944. _ _ _ 384 (29) International Air Transport Agreement, Chicago, 7 December 1944 388 (30) Air Services Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom, Bermuda, 11 February 1946__ 395.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World War II-Related Exhibitions at the National Gallery of Art
    National Gallery of Art: Research Resources Relating to World War II World War II-Related Exhibitions at the National Gallery of Art During the war years, the National Gallery of Art presented a series of exhibitions explicitly related to the war or presenting works of art for which the museum held custody during the hostilities. Descriptions of each of the exhibitions is available in the list of past exhibitions at the National Gallery of Art. Catalogs, brochures, press releases, news reports, and photographs also may be available for examination in the Gallery Archives for some of the exhibitions. The Great Fire of London, 1940 18 December 1941-28 January 1942 American Artists’ Record of War and Defense 7 February-8 March 1942 French Government Loan 2 March 1942-1945, periodically Soldiers of Production 17 March-15 April 1942 Three Triptychs by Contemporary Artists 8-15 April 1942 Paintings, Posters, Watercolors, and Prints, Showing the Activities of the American Red Cross 2-30 May 1942 Art Exhibition by Men of the Armed Forces 5 July-2 August 1942 War Posters 17 January-18 February 1943 Belgian Government Loan 7 February 1943-January 1946 War Art 20 June-1 August 1943 Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Drawings and Watercolors from French Museums and Private Collections 8 August-5 September 1943 (second showing) Art for Bonds 12 September-10 October 1943 1DWLRQDO*DOOHU\RI$UW:DVKLQJWRQ'&*DOOHU\$UFKLYHV ::,,5HODWHG([KLELWLRQVDW1*$ Marine Watercolors and Drawings 12 September-10 October 1943 Paintings of Naval Aviation by American Artists
    [Show full text]
  • UNRESTRICTED A&6/190 11 November 1947 EAXXXSH ORIGINAZ: KRENCH SIXTH CWMITTEX Drf'j?
    * Unt UNRESTRICTED A&6/190 11 November 1947 EAXXXSH ORIGINAZ: KRENCH SIXTH CWMITTEX DRf'J?TCONVENTION ON GENCCIIE: REFORT OF TEIE ECONOMIC i&ND SOCWL CCUNCIL REPORT AND DI-2JF.TRESOWTION ACOFTEDBY SUB-COMMSTTEE2 ON PRCGRESSIVE lXXELOFM5XT OF IIVIERN1~TIOlWL l2W'AND ITS CODIEICATION Rapportour: Mr, G. K?ECKEl!BEECK (Bel&.um) Curing the ~ccond part of its fbwt rc~u1a.r acaaion, the General kosembly rccoivod a &aft resolution on the crime of genocide, submitted Jointly by the wlop.tS~nu of Cuba; India and I?~XWL (A/FXJR~O). DoclarinG ii1 its resolution of 11 &comber 1346 (96 I) that gcnocidc - a denial 02 the rich-t of oxiotonce of entire hum~angroups - 'was a crime at International law, tho Goiioral Assambly instructed the Economic and Social Council to undortalro the nocooaary studiss with a view to thf: 6ra~i.n~: 'up oi' a drai‘t convention on the crime of;:~enocidc to be submitted to the prosoilt ooosion or the General Assembly. On 28 Mu.~cll l$'/j the Economic and Social Council adopted a rcuolution &oroby it instruck& the. Secretary-General: (a) to undo;.%akc;, with tho assistance of exports in the fields of i;rtornational ra.nd criminal law, the nccossary studios with a view to the drawing up of a drai'f convention in accoi8dancs with the resolution of the General tsaombly; and 04 aftor consultation with the Commit-toe on the Progcssivo DrXulopmcnt; of ~ntornational Law EOQ. its Codification, and, if feasible, the Commission on Human Rights, and af'tor rcfarenco for comments to all Member Governments to submit to the next session
    [Show full text]
  • Third Division World War II Vol One.Pdf
    THIRD INFANTRY DIVISION THE VICTORY PATH THROUGH FRANCE AND GERMANY VOLUME ONE 'IVG. WILLIAM MOHR THE VICTORY PATH THROUGH FRANCE AND GERMANY THIRD INFANTRY DIVISION - WORLD WAR II VOLUME ONE A PICTORIAL ACCOUNT BY G. WILLIAM MOHR ABOUT THE COVER There is nothing in front of the Infantry in battle except the enemy. The Infantry leads the way to attack and bears the brunt of the enemy's attack. The primary purpose of the Infan­ try is to close with the enemy in hand-to-hand fighting. On the side of a house, tommy gunners of this Infantry patrol, 1st Special Service Froce Patrol, one of the many patrols that made possible the present offensive in Italy by feeling out the enemy and discovering his defensive strength, fire from the window of an adjoining building to blast Nazis out. The scene is 400 yards from the enemy lines in the Anzio area, Italy. Fifth Army, 14 April, 1944. The 3rd Infantry Division suffered 27,450 casualties and 4,922 were killed in action. 2 - Yellow Beach, Southern France, August, 1944 3 - Marseilles, France, August, 1944 4 - Montelimar, France, August, 1944 5 - Cavailair, France, August, 1944 6 - Avignon, France, August, 1944 7 - Lacroix, France, August, 1944 8 - Brignolles, France, August, 1944 9 -Aix-En-Provence, France, August, 1944 12 - St. Loup, France, August, 1944 13 - La Coucounde, France, August, 1944 14 - Les Loges Neut, France, August, 1944 15 - Besancon, France, September, 1944 18 - Loue River, Ornans, France, September, 1944 19 - Avonne, France, Septem&er, 1944 20 - Lons Le Sounier, France, September, 1944 21 - Les Belles-Baroques, France, September, 1944 22 - St.
    [Show full text]
  • By Henry Lewis Stimson I
    Primary Source Document with Questions (DBQs) “ THE DECISION TO USE THE ATOMIC BOMB” (FEBRUARY 1947) By Henry Lewis Stimson Introduction The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) remains among the most controversial events in modern history. Historians have actively debated whether the bombings were necessary, what effect they had on bringing the war in the Pacific to an expeditious end, and what other options were available to the United States. These very same questions were also contentious at the time, as American policymakers struggled with how to use a phenomenally powerful new technology and what the long-term impact of atomic weaponry might be, not just on the Japanese, but on domestic politics, America’s international relations, and the budding Cold War with the Soviet Union. In retrospect, it is clear that the reasons for dropping the atomic bombs on Japan, just like the later impact of nuclear technology on world politics, were complex and intertwined with a variety of issues that went far beyond the simple goal of bringing World War II to a rapid close. Former Secretary of War Henry Lewis Stimson’s article “The Decision to Use the Bomb” appeared in Harper’s Magazine in February 1947. The piece was intended as a response to mounting public criticism of the decision to use atomic weapons against Japan, including from highly respected public figures such as Albert Einstein. Document Excerpts with Questions (Complete document follows this section) From Harper’s Magazine, February 1947. © The Harper’s Magazine Foundation. Reproduced here with the indirect permission of the Harper’s editors: “In view of the exceptional public importance of this article, permission is given to any newspaper or magazine to reprint it, in part or (preferably, since its effect is cumulative) in full, with credit to Harper’s Magazine but without charge.” The version reprinted here is a reproduction of the version reprinted by Education About Asia at http://www.aasianst.org/EAA/StimsonHarpers.pdf.
    [Show full text]
  • Law Reports of Trial of War Criminals, Volume V, English Edition
    REPORTS OF TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS Selected and prepared by THE UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION, VOLUME V LONDON PUBLISHED FOR THE UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE 1948 Price 5S. od. net. ------~-----~-----~----~--_._-----_.- Oficial PublicatiolJs on THE TRIAL OF GERMAN 11AJOR WAR CRIMINALS AT NUREMBERG H JUDGMENT Judgment of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of German Major War Criminals: September 30 and October 1, 1946 (Cmd. 6964) 25. 6d. (2s. 3d.) Errata Gratis SPEECHES Opening speeches of the Chief Prosecutors 2s. 6d. (2s. 9d.) Speeches of the Chief Prosecutors at the Close of the Case against the Individual Defendants 35. (3s. 4d.) Speeches of the Prosecutors at the Close of the Case against the Indicted Organisations 25. 6d. (2s. 9d.) PRICES IN BRACKETS INCLUDE POSTAGE II CONTINUED ON PAGE iii OF COVER i: i: __________..-n ----.:; ~__.._ IL LAW REPORTS OF TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS Selected and prepared by the UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION Volume V LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR . THE UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE 1948 CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD BY THE RT. HON. THE LORD WRIGHT OF DURLEY vii THE CASES: 25. TRIAL OF LIEUTENANT - GENERAL SmGERU SAWADA AND THREE OTHERS. United States Military Commission, Shanghai (27th February, 1946-15th April, 1946) 1 A. OUTLINE OF THE PROCEEDINGS 1 1. THE CHARGES 1 2. THE EVIDENCE .. 2 3. THE VERDICT AND SENTENCES 6 B. NOTES ON THE CASE.. 8 1. A PLEA TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE COURT 8 2. DENIAL OF A FAIR TRIAL 10 3".
    [Show full text]
  • February, 1946 Old Way ••• CURING RICKETS in the CLEFT of an ASH TREE
    · . February, 1946 Old Way ••• CURING RICKETS in the CLEFT of an ASH TREE OR many centuries,-and apparently down to the F presenc time, even in this country- ricketic chil­ dren have been passed through a cleft ash cccc to cure them of their rickets, and thenceforth a sympathetic reladonship was supposed to exist between them and the tree. Frazer· States mat the ordinary mode of effecting the cure is [0 split a young ash sapling longi­ tudinally for a few feet and pass the child, naked, either three times or three times three through the fis sure at sunrise. In the West of England, jt is said ;:fii~~ ;,~ the passage must be "against the sun." As soon as !? the ceremony is performed, the tree is bound tightly up and the fi ssure plastered over with mud or clay. I \I~~~~~ The belief is that just as the dcft in the ttee will be t healed, so the child's body will be healed, but that if the rift in the tree remains open, the deformity in I the child will remain, too, and if the tree were to die, -:,::;:;-;;~~... & the death of the child would surely follow. It ;$ iro nia,ltbatthe praClice o f auempI;nl ~. J . G .: 'no. Gelden Reach, -'. I. NewY ...~ , .......IlI ... O"'._ 10 cure ricke1$ b)' holdin$: Ihe ch ild in Ihl clefl oC ao a$b tree wu usociued Wifh fhl ri.sinlt ofthe .sun, 1he Jil(hl of which we no. New Way ••• know 15 in iuel( one o f Nalure's speci6c1 Preventing and Curing Rickets with MEAD'S OLEUM PERCOMORPHUM OWADAYS, the physician has at his command, Mead's Oleum Perco N morphum, a Council-Accepted vitamin D product which actually prevenl and cures rickets, when given in proper dosage.
    [Show full text]
  • Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations
    United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law CONVENTION ON THE PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS At the United Nations Conference on International Organization, held in San Francisco from 25 April to 26 June 1945 (see procedural history of the Charter of the United Nations), the Rapporteur of Technical Committee 2 (Legal Problems) of Commission IV (Judicial Organization) had pointed out that “the possibility is not excluded of a general convention to be submitted to all Members” on the privileges and immunities of the future United Nations Organization (restricted doc. 933 (English) IV/2/42 (2), p. 2). The Executive Committee of the Preparatory Commission (established by the San Francisco Conference to make provisional arrangements for the initiation of the work of the Organization) recommended, in its final report, that the Preparatory Commission refer to the future General Assembly for its consideration a study on privileges and immunities attached to the report (PC/EX/113/Rev.1, Part III, Chapter V, Section 5, p.69 and Appendix in ibid.). The Preparatory Commission remitted this part of the report to its Committee 5 (Legal Committee), which was instructed to “consider and report to the Preparatory Commission on Chapter V of the Report of the Executive Committee and on any proposals or amendments submitted by Delegations on matters falling within the scope of Chapter V” (see Memorandum by the Executive Secretary on the organization of the work of the Second Session of the Preparatory Commission, PC/EX/138/Rev.1, p. 17). Committee 5 held its first meeting on 27 November 1945 (see summary record.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Instrument of Surrender, September 2, 1945
    Japanese Instrument of Surrender, September 2, 1945 INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers. We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese control wherever situated. We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property and to comply with all requirements which may be imposed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the Japanese Government at his direction. We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Headquarters to issue at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces under their control. We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce all proclamations, and orders and directives deemed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relieved by him or under his authority.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ELEANOR ROOSEVELT PAPERS: VOLUME 1 1945–1948 Vii Erpfm 9/25/06 3:28 PM Page Viii
    ERPfm 9/25/06 3:28 PM Page vii Contents Acknowledgments ..... XXV Foreword ..... XXXI Introduction ..... XXXV Editorial Principles and Practices ..... XLV Chronology ..... LI Abbreviations ..... LIX 1945: April–December Introduction: “We have to start again under our own momentum and wonder what we can achieve.” ..... 1 Leaving the White House 1. Eleanor Roosevelt to Lorena Hickok 19 April 1945 ..... 13 On Starting Over 2. My Day 19 April 1945 ..... 15 On FDR and the Founding of the United Nations 3. My Day 25 April 1945 ..... 18 On Germans and the Holocaust 4. My Day 28 April 1945 ..... 21 On the Dangers of Racial Superiority 5. My Day 30 April 1945 ..... 23 6. If You Ask Me May 1945 ..... 25 On Churchill, Stalin, and the German Surrender 7. Harry Truman to Eleanor Roosevelt 10 May 1945 ..... 27 8. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harry Truman 14 May 1945 ..... 28 On the Bretton Woods Accords 9. My Day 21 May 1945 ..... 33 On ER’s Political Future 10. Harold Ickes to Eleanor Roosevelt 21 May 1945 ..... 35 11. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harold Ickes 26 May 1945 ..... 36 On the Importance of Unions 12. My Day 26 May 1945 ..... 39 THE ELEANOR ROOSEVELT PAPERS: VOLUME 1 1945–1948 vii ERPfm 9/25/06 3:28 PM Page viii CONTENTS On Stettinius and the San Francisco Conference 13. My Day 31 May 1945 ..... 41 14. My Day 1 June 1945 ..... 42 Eleanor Roosevelt and Democratic Party Politics 15. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harry Truman 3 June 1945 ..... 46 16. Eleanor Roosevelt to Robert Hannegan 3 June 1945 ..... 47 17.
    [Show full text]
  • Download JULY 1947.Pdf
    Confidential • Restricted to the use of Law Enforcement officials. HEADQUARTERS OF THE FBI, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUILDING, {ol. 16 WASHINGTON, D. C. No.7 DIRl:CTOR 1!Inibb ttabs l1~partm~nt of iJ11lItiee .eb~ra1 iAur~au of Inu~stigation maslJington, 11. Qt. July 1, 1947 TO ALL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS: There are presently 8,946 parole violators on whom wanted notices are posted in the fingerprint files of the FBI. Not included are probation violators of whom there are a substantial number. This means that an army of nearly nine thousand criminals has been released upon an unsuspecting public. Violation of parole is a tacit acknowledgement that the criminal does not intend to abide by the rules of organized society. It follows that society is the victim. To the individual law enforcement officer there iS ,nothing .. more disappointing, after apprehending a confirmed criminAl in a search involving hard and dangerous work, than to see the prison doors swing open before even a minor portion of that convict's sen- tence has been served. For the practical­minded officer knows that it is the public which too often pays for the habitual criminal's pa- role. Freedom for the confirmed lawbreaker through m.a1adminis- tration of parole m.akes a mockery of law enforcement. As a sincere advocate of parole but a resolute opponent of abuse in its administra- tion, I believe its value in our penal system must be measured by its effect on society. Properly administered, it is a valuable institution. In the hands of sentimentalists, corrupt politicians or persons who fail to acquaint themselves with the facts, it becomes a tragic farce.
    [Show full text]
  • NUREMBERG) Judgment of 1 October 1946
    INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL (NUREMBERG) Judgment of 1 October 1946 Page numbers in braces refer to IMT, judgment of 1 October 1946, in The Trial of German Major War Criminals. Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting at Nuremberg, Germany , Part 22 (22nd August ,1946 to 1st October, 1946) 1 {iii} THE INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL IN SESSOIN AT NUREMBERG, GERMANY Before: THE RT. HON. SIR GEOFFREY LAWRENCE (member for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) President THE HON. SIR WILLIAM NORMAN BIRKETT (alternate member for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) MR. FRANCIS BIDDLE (member for the United States of America) JUDGE JOHN J. PARKER (alternate member for the United States of America) M. LE PROFESSEUR DONNEDIEU DE VABRES (member for the French Republic) M. LE CONSEILER FLACO (alternate member for the French Republic) MAJOR-GENERAL I. T. NIKITCHENKO (member for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) LT.-COLONEL A. F. VOLCHKOV (alternate member for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) {iv} THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS Against: Hermann Wilhelm Göring, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Robert Ley, Wilhelm Keitel, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Alfred Rosenberg, Hans Frank, Wilhelm Frick, Julius Streicher, Walter Funk, Hjalmar Schacht, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach, Fritz Sauckel, Alfred Jodl, Martin
    [Show full text]
  • "Fascist Criminals to the Gallows!": the Holocaust and Soviet War Crimes Trials, December 1945-February 1946
    "Fascist Criminals to the Gallows!": The Holocaust and Soviet War Crimes Trials, December 1945-February 1946 Alexander Victor Prusin Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Volume 17, Number 1, Spring 2003, pp. 1-30 (Article) Published by Oxford University Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/43136 [ This content has been declared free to read by the pubisher during the COVID-19 pandemic. ] “Fascist Criminals to the Gallows!”: The Holocaust and Soviet War Crimes Trials, December 1945–February 1946 Alexander Victor Prusin New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology While the Nuremberg trials are synonymous with the punishment of war criminals, until recently little was known about the Soviet Union’s own con- current war crimes tribunals. These proceedings have been under-studied for two reasons: lack of access to Soviet archives, and the fact that the tri- bunals tended to function as political propaganda vehicles. Yet examina- tion of the court documents yields valuable information about not only So- viet legal practice, but also the genocide of Jews in the German-occupied Soviet territories. On January 16, 1946, the Belorussian Communist Party daily published an article en- titled “The time of reckoning has come!” It highlighted the commencement of the mil- itary tribunal in the Belorussian capital, Minsk, where eighteen Germans, from gener- als to low-ranking enlisted men, faced war crimes charges.1 The Minsk trial was but one in a series of similar proceedings that took place in several cities of the Soviet Union between December 1945 and February 1946. The trials were regularly reported in the press and on the radio, and attended by large numbers of spectators.
    [Show full text]