Hahndorf Volume 1 Heritage Commission I
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
A survey carried out for the Australian G. Young L. Brasse Hahndorf Volume 1 Heritage Commission I. Harmstorf A. Marsden HAHNDORF VOL. 1 A report of a joint research project by the School of Architecture, S.A. Institute of Technology and the Department of History, Adelaide College of the Arts and Education, for the Australian Heritage Commission. Gordon Young Ian Harmstorf Lothar Brasse Alexandra Marsden Copyright: The Authors. National Library of Australia Card Number and ISBN: 0 909336 26 9 (Cover illustration Drawing of the first Puhlished 1981 by Teahsearah Ina. Union Hotel at Hahndorf). J. Copeland All rights reserved. Printed in Australia. from photo by No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored L. Brasse in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, meahaniaal, photocopying, recording, or otheruise without the prior written permission of the pvhlisher. THE AUTHORS The following people were responsible for writing the report. Their names appear in the contents pages against their respective chapters. L. Brasse B.Arch., Architect. A.L. Fox Dip.Art., Artist. F. Gale B.A.(Hons.), Ph.D., Professor of Geography, University of Adelaide. B. Harper B.A.(Hons.), M.T.P., Senior Lecturer in Planning and Landscape, S.A. I .T. I. Harmstorf B.A.(Hons.), M.A., Senior Lecturer in History, A.C.A.E. A. Ma rs den B.A.(Hons.), Historian. R. Smith B.A.(Hons.), M.Sc., Dip.T., Lecturer in Geography, A.C.A.E. G. Young F.R.A.I .A., A.R.I .B.A., Senior Lecturer in Architecture, S.A.I .T. Alexandra Marsden and Gordon Young suggested the form of the report and were the principal editors, assisted by Lothar Brasse and Ian Harmstorf. ii CONTENTS VOLU;~E 1 PART 4 Rural settlements, farm houses 30 and building techniques. Preface 2 L. Brasse Introduction 3 CHAPTER 2 German Migrations and Emigration to South Australia Recommendations 1. Basic recommendations 6 2. Recommendations for the 9 PART 1 The history of German migration 47 formation of a Hahndorf and the reasons for emigration Heritage Trust. to South Australia: B. Harper Economic, Political, Religious. G. Young I. Harmstorf CHAPTER Original Environment in Eastern Germany PART 2 The Arrival in South Australia. 52 I. Harmstorf PART The physical environment: 14 Topography, climate. PART 3 The First Special Survey, W.H. 55 A. Marsden Dutton and the Hahndorf Contract. L. Brasse PART 2 The Social history: 18 The eastward movement of PART 4 The Development of German Villages 62 Germans from 800-1500 A.D., in South Australia. Prussianization of the area G. Young in the 18th century, Frederick the Great's land settlements, and CHAPTER 3 The Settlement of Hahndorf the changing status of the colonists. PART 1 The Hahndorf District: 69 A. Marsden Geology, topography, climate, soils, vegetation and agricultural land PART 3 Rural 1 ife in the early 19th 24 use. century: R. Smith Industry and agriculture, schools and education, PART 2 The German Village at Hahndorf: 78 religion and the pastor. The settlement, original land A. Marsden tenure and early expansion. L. Brasse iii CONTENTS (Cont'd) CHAPTER 3 The Settlement of Hahndorf (Cont'd) PART 3 Half-timbered houses in Hahndorf. 172 PART 3 Some remnants of the early 93 PART 4 Half-timbered houses in Paechtown. 178 settlement: Victoria Street (originally PART 5 Mooney's barn. 188 North Lane) and Rodert's farm complex, 20 Main Street. PART 6 German barns at Hahndorf. 194 G. Young PART 7 A comparison with German barns 212 PART 4 Hahndorf: an examp 1e of 113 along the Missouri River, U.S.A. cultural transfer. F. Gale L. Brasse G. Young CHAPTER 4 Hahndorf in the 19th Century: Development and Daily Life PART 1 Development: early difficulties, 122 VOLUME 2 economic growth with agricultural expansion and service businesses, CHAPTER 6 Hahndorf in the 20th Century: the milling and wattlebark Stability, External Influences, industries. and Conflicts in Land Use A. Marsden PART 1 1900-1950's: 214 PART 2 Daily Life: the role of the 142 A continuity maintained despite church and education, newspapers, the disruptions of war and social and family life. depression. A. Marsden A. Marsden CHAPTER 5 Hahndorf in the 19th Century: PART 2 1960's-1970's: 227 House Form and Construction Changes in the economic bases of the town, the character and the PART 1 Plan types and spatial 152 lifestyle. organisation. A. Marsden R. Smith PART 2 Construction techniques: 156 wattle and daub, stone, brick, half-timbered. iv CONTENTS (Cont'd) Page Page CHAPTER 6 Hahndorf in the 20th Centur~: Appendices: A. Figs. and Tables related to 328 Stabilit • Extern a 1 Influences, Chapter 3, part 1 and and Conflicts in Land Use Cont'd) Chapter 6, pa rt 2. R. Smith PART 3 Towards the 1980's: 240 The need for sympathetic planning B. Documents re 1ated to 341 of leisure activities in and Chapter 2, pa rt 3. around Hahndorf. L. Brasse R. Smith c. Documents related to 345 CHAPTER 7 The Historic Ambience of Chapter 3, part 2. Hahndorf's Main Street L. Brasse A synopsis of the character of 254 D. 1 . A History of St. Mi chae 1 's 369 Hahndorf, with a detailed Lutheran Congregation description of properties 1839-1859. numbered 2-108 on the east side A.L. Fox and 1-91 on the west side of the main street. 2. Oral History Guide. 375 L. Brasse A. Ma rs den I. Harmstorf A. Marsden 3. Family recipes. 379 G. Young A. Marsden Glossary 315 E. Detailed documents related to 381 Chapter 5. Bibliography 319 L. Brasse Acknowledgements 325 Drawing Credi ts 326 Graphic & Photographic Credits 327 v List of Illustrations, Figures and Tables. VOLUME 1 (Part 2) Location of Hahndorf 1 Location and Topography of Hahndorf area 87 Hahndorf: Proposed Historic Precinct 8 F.R. Nixon's Special Survey Plan of 88 Map of Central Europe 1815-1857 15 Mt. Barker showing the German Village Land Holdings of Original Settlers 89 Chapter 1 . Development of Hahndorf 90 Homeland of Original Hahndorf settlers 91 Photographs of Western Poland in 1977 36 Plan of Original Settlement 92 (originally eastern Germany) Old Lutheran Churches Poland 1977 37 (Part 3) Typical villages and farmhouses Poland 38 1977 Remnants of Hufen Settlement in Victoria 95 Details of Half-timbered building 39 Street Poland 1977 Small Silesian Farmhouse similar to those 96 Comparisons of German Villages 40-41 built in Victoria Street Comparative Plans of East German farmhouses 42 Schneemilch Barn Lot 2, Victoria Street 97-98 Cooking Hal ls and Black Kitchens 43 Schneemilch 'New House' Lot 3 Victoria 99 Timber Framing Techniques 44 Street Block Bau and Roof Construction details 45 Griffith's House Lot 5 Victoria Street 100 Door details 46 Post House Lot 7 Victoria Street 101 Post House Lot 7 photograph of barns 102 Chapter 2. (Part 3) Post House Lot 7 House and barn plans 103 Post House Lot 7 Elevations 104-105 The First Special Survey. 61 Post House Lot 7 Framing details of barn 106 Timber framed house Lot 9 Victoria Street 107 (Part 4) Details of house Lot 9 108 Hennig House Lot 11 Victoria Street 109 Spread of German Towns in S.A. 66 Photograph of Hennigs barn 110 Hufendorf layouts in S.A. 67 Reconstruction of a Hufendorf Settlement 68 No. 79 Main Street Hahndorf 111 Perspective of Rodert's House. 11 2 Chapter 3. (Part 1) (Part 4) The Hahndorf District 76 Historic Localities 77 Early Hahndorf 1857. (Land ownership) 121 vi List of 1 llustrations, Figures and Tables. Chapter 5. (Part 2) (Cont'd) (Cont'd) Details of half-Timbering, wattle and 170 Chapter 4. (Part 1) daub panels, and windows Door Details 171 Land clearance and early settlers cottage 134 Pioneer German family outside their slab 135 (Part 3) sided cottage A German waggon 136 Curved bracings in early settlers 175 Rural Industries: A wattle bark stripper 137-138 half-timbered cottage The Wind Mi 11 Haebich's half-timbered house 176 \fool Shearing Comparative Framing Techniques 177 Bringing in the Wool Clip (Part 4) The Union Hotel 139 The Institute Hall 140 Locality Map (Hahndorf, Paechtown, 180 The Hahndorf Academy 141 Friedrichstadt). Map of Paechtown 180 (Part 2) Paechtown House 1 181 Paechtown House 2 182 Table 1. German born surviving in S.A. 146 Paechtown House 2 (details) 183 in 1861 Paechtown House 3 184 Hahndorf family dressed formally 150 North-west view of Paechtown House 3 185 Outside Bakeoven to House No. 2 Paechtown 151 East elevation of Paechtown House 3 186 Paechtown House 4 187 Chapter 5. (Part 2) (Part 5) Properties Surveyed 161 Comparative Plans of German Farmhouses 162 Mooney's Barn (circa 1900) 190 in S.A. Mooney's Barn (Plans and Sections) 191 Farm Layouts 163 Mooney's Barn (Elevations) 192 House on Lot 278 Sect. 4003 Hd. Onkaparinga 164-165 Mooney's Barn (Axonometric view) 193 Victoria Street cottage showing mud brick 165 walls and slab construction (Part 6) Outbuildings on Sect. 433 Hd. Kuitpo 166 House on Sect. 433 Hd. Kuitpo 167 Gething's Barn 198 Stone walled farmhouse, Sect. 2967 Hd. 168 Gething's Barn (Plans and Elevations) 199 Onkaparinga Gething's Barn (Sections and Isometric) 200 Tie Rods to Stone walling (St. Michael's 169 Pae ch town Barn (Free standing barn) 201 Church) vii List of Illustrations, Figures and Tables. Page Chapter 7. (Cont'd) Hahndorf's Main Street before World War 1 257-258 Chapter 5. (Part 6) (Cont'd) and in 1979 An older Hahndorf 259 Paechtown Barn (Plans, Sections, Elevations) 202 Historic Landscapes 260 Paechtown Barn to House No.