From Mars! • 30 Cm / 10 W Deep Space Terminal • Key Decision Point-A in 2010 • Ground Terminal with Photon-Counting Technology • 60 Kg, 160 W
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Mars Express Orbiter Radio Science
MaRS: Mars Express Orbiter Radio Science M. Pätzold1, F.M. Neubauer1, L. Carone1, A. Hagermann1, C. Stanzel1, B. Häusler2, S. Remus2, J. Selle2, D. Hagl2, D.P. Hinson3, R.A. Simpson3, G.L. Tyler3, S.W. Asmar4, W.I. Axford5, T. Hagfors5, J.-P. Barriot6, J.-C. Cerisier7, T. Imamura8, K.-I. Oyama8, P. Janle9, G. Kirchengast10 & V. Dehant11 1Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie, Universität zu Köln, D-50923 Köln, Germany Email: [email protected] 2Institut für Raumfahrttechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany 3Space, Telecommunication and Radio Science Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 95305, USA 4Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91009, USA 5Max-Planck-Instuitut für Aeronomie, D-37189 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany 6Observatoire Midi Pyrenees, F-31401 Toulouse, France 7Centre d’etude des Environnements Terrestre et Planetaires (CETP), F-94107 Saint-Maur, France 8Institute of Space & Astronautical Science (ISAS), Sagamihara, Japan 9Institut für Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Geophysik, Universität zu Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany 10Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria 11Observatoire Royal de Belgique, B-1180 Bruxelles, Belgium The Mars Express Orbiter Radio Science (MaRS) experiment will employ radio occultation to (i) sound the neutral martian atmosphere to derive vertical density, pressure and temperature profiles as functions of height to resolutions better than 100 m, (ii) sound -
How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care About Rosetta and Philae 13 How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care About Rosetta and Philae
How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care about Best Practice Rosetta and Philae Claudia Mignone Anne-Mareike Homfeld Sebastian Marcu Vitrociset Belgium for European Space ATG Europe for European Space Design & Data GmbH Agency (ESA) Agency (ESA) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Carlo Palazzari Emily Baldwin Markus Bauer Design & Data GmbH EJR-Quartz for European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Agency (ESA) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Keywords Karen S. O’Flaherty Mark McCaughrean Outreach, space science, public engagement, EJR-Quartz for European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Agency (ESA) visual storytelling, fairy-tale, cartoon, animation, [email protected] [email protected] anthropomorphising Once upon a time... is a series of short cartoons1 that have been developed as part of the European Space Agency’s communication campaign to raise awareness about the Rosetta mission. The series features two anthropomorphic characters depicting the Rosetta orbiter and Philae lander, introducing the mission story, goals and milestones with a fairy- tale flair. This article explores the development of the cartoon series and the level of engagement it generated, as well as presenting various issues that were encountered using this approach. We also examine how different audiences responded to our decision to anthropomorphise the spacecraft. Introduction internet before the spacecraft came out of exciting highlights to come, using the fairy- hibernation (Bauer et al., 2016). The four tale narrative as a base. The hope was that In late 2013, the European Space Agency’s short videos were commissioned from the video would help to build a degree of (ESA) team of science communicators the cross-media company Design & Data human empathy between the public and devised a number of outreach activ- GmbH (D&D). -
The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team
NASA Special Publication 6107 Human Exploration of Mars: The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team Stephen J. Hoffman, Editor David I. Kaplan, Editor Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas July 1997 NASA Special Publication 6107 Human Exploration of Mars: The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team Stephen J. Hoffman, Editor Science Applications International Corporation Houston, Texas David I. Kaplan, Editor Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas July 1997 This publication is available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information, 800 Elkridge Landing Road, Linthicum Heights, MD 21090-2934 (301) 621-0390. Foreword Mars has long beckoned to humankind interest in this fellow traveler of the solar from its travels high in the night sky. The system, adding impetus for exploration. ancients assumed this rust-red wanderer was Over the past several years studies the god of war and christened it with the have been conducted on various approaches name we still use today. to exploring Earth’s sister planet Mars. Much Early explorers armed with newly has been learned, and each study brings us invented telescopes discovered that this closer to realizing the goal of sending humans planet exhibited seasonal changes in color, to conduct science on the Red Planet and was subjected to dust storms that encircled explore its mysteries. The approach described the globe, and may have even had channels in this publication represents a culmination of that crisscrossed its surface. these efforts but should not be considered the final solution. It is our intent that this Recent explorers, using robotic document serve as a reference from which we surrogates to extend their reach, have can continuously compare and contrast other discovered that Mars is even more complex new innovative approaches to achieve our and fascinating—a planet peppered with long-term goal. -
Variability of Mars' North Polar Water Ice Cap I. Analysis of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter Imaging Data
Icarus 144, 382–396 (2000) doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6300, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Variability of Mars’ North Polar Water Ice Cap I. Analysis of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter Imaging Data Deborah S. Bass Instrumentation and Space Research Division, Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, Texas 78228-0510 E-mail: [email protected] Kenneth E. Herkenhoff U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001 and David A. Paige Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567 Received May 15, 1998; revised November 17, 1999 1. INTRODUCTION Previous studies interpreted differences in ice coverage between Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter observations of Mars’ north residual Like Earth, Mars has perennial ice caps and an active wa- polar cap as evidence of interannual variability of ice deposition on ter cycle. The Viking Orbiter determined that the surface of the the cap. However,these investigators did not consider the possibility northern residual cap is water ice (Kieffer et al. 1976, Farmer that there could be significant changes in the ice coverage within et al. 1976). At the south residual polar cap, both Mariner 9 the northern residual cap over the course of the summer season. and Viking Orbiter observed carbon dioxide ice throughout the Our more comprehensive analysis of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter summer. Many have related observed atmospheric water vapor imaging data shows that the appearance of the residual cap does not abundances to seasonal exchange between reservoirs such as show large-scale variance on an interannual basis. -
Balloon Powered Phoenix Mars Lander Model (Simplified Version)
balloon powered Phoenix Mars Lander Model (simplified version) by Steve Widmark Mountain View High School, Mountain View, CA What is Phoenix? Phoenix is NASA’s latest mission to Mars. Launched on a Delta II rocket on August 4 th , 2007, the Phoenix lander will touch down in the northern region of Mars on May 25, 2008. Once there, it will dig into the Martian permafrost using a robotic arm and analyze the composition of the soil and ice it removes with a sophisticated automated laboratory. In a nutshell, the goal of the mission is to determine if the Martian surface is (or was) capable of supporting life. Unlike the previous rover missions to Mars that made bounce landings using air bags, Phoenix will make a powered landing employing twelve thrusters positioned around the spacecraft. The model demonstrates this method of landing with a single balloon “thruster.” For more information about the Phoenix mission go to http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu Materials and tools: 1 parts sheet color printed on 110 lb (#110) card stock 1 balloon (lander flies best with a 5” balloon) 1 small paper clip clear tape glue sick or white glue scissors pencil Directions: Note: If the directions tell you to bend a tab down, this means to bend the tab down with the printed portion of the part facing up. If the directions tell you to bend a tab up, this means to bend the tab up with the printed portion of the part facing up. The front side of a part is the side with the printing. -
Origin of Fluvial Channels in the Walls of Juventae Chasma: Evidences of Groundwater Sapping? P
47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2016) 1878.pdf ORIGIN OF FLUVIAL CHANNELS IN THE WALLS OF JUVENTAE CHASMA: EVIDENCES OF GROUNDWATER SAPPING? P. Singh1, R. Sarkar1, I. Ganesh1 and A. Porwal1, 1Geology and Mineral Resources Group, CSRE, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India ([email protected]) Introduction: Juventae Chasma is a deep box- Type IV: This type includes channels emanating from canyon located to the north of Valles Marineris. The gullies between the spurs on the chasma wall (Fig. 1d). main geological units of the chasma are chaotic terrain, They are mainly found in the southern wall of the four mounds of interior layered deposits (ILDs) and an chasma. These channels have shorter lengths ranging outflow channel. The presence of the outflow channel from 1-6 km and at places converge into a single chan- indicates that water played an important role in the nel. geological and geomorphological evolution of the Age determination: We estimated the ages of the chasma. In this paper, we report ground-water sapping geological units containing Type 1 and Type III chan- features from the wall of Juventae Chasma. We also delineate and characterize fluvial channels originating nels using crater size-frequency distributions. The re- from the chasma wall. This study was carried out using sults indicate that Type 1 channels are younger than panchromatic data from the CTX and digital terrain 790+- 200 Ma and Type III channels are younger than models from the HRSC onboard the MRO and MEX 620+-300 Ma. Type II and IV were left out because of respectively. -
Space Sector Brochure
SPACE SPACE REVOLUTIONIZING THE WAY TO SPACE SPACECRAFT TECHNOLOGIES PROPULSION Moog provides components and subsystems for cold gas, chemical, and electric Moog is a proven leader in components, subsystems, and systems propulsion and designs, develops, and manufactures complete chemical propulsion for spacecraft of all sizes, from smallsats to GEO spacecraft. systems, including tanks, to accelerate the spacecraft for orbit-insertion, station Moog has been successfully providing spacecraft controls, in- keeping, or attitude control. Moog makes thrusters from <1N to 500N to support the space propulsion, and major subsystems for science, military, propulsion requirements for small to large spacecraft. and commercial operations for more than 60 years. AVIONICS Moog is a proven provider of high performance and reliable space-rated avionics hardware and software for command and data handling, power distribution, payload processing, memory, GPS receivers, motor controllers, and onboard computing. POWER SYSTEMS Moog leverages its proven spacecraft avionics and high-power control systems to supply hardware for telemetry, as well as solar array and battery power management and switching. Applications include bus line power to valves, motors, torque rods, and other end effectors. Moog has developed products for Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) Systems, such as high power DC converters, switching, and power stabilization. MECHANISMS Moog has produced spacecraft motion control products for more than 50 years, dating back to the historic Apollo and Pioneer programs. Today, we offer rotary, linear, and specialized mechanisms for spacecraft motion control needs. Moog is a world-class manufacturer of solar array drives, propulsion positioning gimbals, electric propulsion gimbals, antenna positioner mechanisms, docking and release mechanisms, and specialty payload positioners. -
Propagation Dynamics of Spatio-Temporal Wave Packets
PROPAGATION DYNAMICS OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL WAVE PACKETS Thesis Submitted to The School of Engineering of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Electro-Optics By Qian Cao UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio August, 2014 PROPAGATION DYNAMICS OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL WAVE PACKETS Name: Cao, Qian APPROVED BY: Andy Chong, Ph.D. Joseph Haus, Ph.D. Advisor Committee Chairman Committee Member Assistant Professor, Department of Professor, Electro-Optics Graduate Physics Engineering Program Partha Banerjee, Ph.D. Committee Member Professor, Electro-Optics Graduate Engineering Program John G. Weber, Ph.D. Eddy M. Rojas, Ph.D., M.A., P.E. Associate Dean Dean, School of Engineering School of Engineering ii c Copyright by Qian Cao All rights reserved 2014 ABSTRACT PROPAGATION DYNAMICS OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL WAVE PACKETS Name: Cao, Qian University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Andy Chong We measured the three-dimensional (3D) propagation dynamics of the Airy-Bessel wave packet, inculding its intensity and phase evolution. Its non-diffraction and non-dispersive features were verified. Meanwhile, we built a spatial light modulator (SLM) based wave packet shaping system to generate other types of wave packets such as Airy-Airy-Airy and dual-Airy-Airy-rings. These wave packets were also measured in 3D. The abrupt 3D autofocusing effect was observed on dual-Airy- Airy-rings. iii To my family, my advisor and committee members and the time in University of Dayton. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I want to express my thank to my advisor, Prof. Andy Chong. Although the time when I became his student it was the second year of his professor career, he taught and guided me in the world of science in such an experienced way. -
First Year of Coordinated Science Observations by Mars Express and Exomars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter
MANUSCRIPT PRE-PRINT Icarus Special Issue “From Mars Express to ExoMars” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113707 First year of coordinated science observations by Mars Express and ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter A. Cardesín-Moinelo1, B. Geiger1, G. Lacombe2, B. Ristic3, M. Costa1, D. Titov4, H. Svedhem4, J. Marín-Yaseli1, D. Merritt1, P. Martin1, M.A. López-Valverde5, P. Wolkenberg6, B. Gondet7 and Mars Express and ExoMars 2016 Science Ground Segment teams 1 European Space Astronomy Centre, Madrid, Spain 2 Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Guyancourt, France 3 Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium 4 European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, The Netherlands 5 Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Granada, Spain 6 Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica, Roma, Italy 7 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, Paris, France Abstract Two spacecraft launched and operated by the European Space Agency are currently performing observations in Mars orbit. For more than 15 years Mars Express has been conducting global surveys of the surface, the atmosphere and the plasma environment of the Red Planet. The Trace Gas Orbiter, the first element of the ExoMars programme, began its science phase in 2018 focusing on investigations of the atmospheric composition with unprecedented sensitivity as well as surface and subsurface studies. The coordination of observation programmes of both spacecraft aims at cross calibration of the instruments and exploitation of new opportunities provided by the presence of two spacecraft whose science operations are performed by two closely collaborating teams at the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC). In this paper we describe the first combined observations executed by the Mars Express and Trace Gas Orbiter missions since the start of the TGO operational phase in April 2018 until June 2019. -
Insight Spacecraft Launch for Mission to Interior of Mars
InSight Spacecraft Launch for Mission to Interior of Mars InSight is a robotic scientific explorer to investigate the deep interior of Mars set to launch May 5, 2018. It is scheduled to land on Mars November 26, 2018. It will allow us to better understand the origin of Mars. First Launch of Project Orion Project Orion took its first unmanned mission Exploration flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on December 5, 2014. It made two orbits in four hours before splashing down in the Pacific. The flight tested many subsystems, including its heat shield, electronics and parachutes. Orion will play an important role in NASA's journey to Mars. Orion will eventually carry astronauts to an asteroid and to Mars on the Space Launch System. Mars Rover Curiosity Lands After a nine month trip, Curiosity landed on August 6, 2012. The rover carries the biggest, most advanced suite of instruments for scientific studies ever sent to the martian surface. Curiosity analyzes samples scooped from the soil and drilled from rocks to record of the planet's climate and geology. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Begins Mission at Mars NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter launched from Cape Canaveral August 12. 2005, to find evidence that water persisted on the surface of Mars. The instruments zoom in for photography of the Martian surface, analyze minerals, look for subsurface water, trace how much dust and water are distributed in the atmosphere, and monitor daily global weather. Spirit and Opportunity Land on Mars January 2004, NASA landed two Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, on opposite sides of Mars. -
Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0
July 2009 “We are all . children of this universe. Not just Earth, or Mars, or this System, but the whole grand fireworks. And if we are interested in Mars at all, it is only because we wonder over our past and worry terribly about our possible future.” — Ray Bradbury, 'Mars and the Mind of Man,' 1973 Cover Art: An artist’s concept depicting one of many potential Mars exploration strategies. In this approach, the strengths of combining a central habitat with small pressurized rovers that could extend the exploration range of the crew from the outpost are assessed. Rawlings 2007. NASA/SP–2009–566 Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0 Mars Architecture Steering Group NASA Headquarters Bret G. Drake, editor NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas July 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The individuals listed in the appendix assisted in the generation of the concepts as well as the descriptions, images, and data described in this report. Specific contributions to this document were provided by Dave Beaty, Stan Borowski, Bob Cataldo, John Charles, Cassie Conley, Doug Craig, Bret Drake, John Elliot, Chad Edwards, Walt Engelund, Dean Eppler, Stewart Feldman, Jim Garvin, Steve Hoffman, Jeff Jones, Frank Jordan, Sheri Klug, Joel Levine, Jack Mulqueen, Gary Noreen, Hoppy Price, Shawn Quinn, Jerry Sanders, Jim Schier, Lisa Simonsen, George Tahu, and Abhi Tripathi. Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service 7115 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161 Phone: 301-621-0390 or 703-605-6000 Fax: 301-621-0134 This report is also available in electronic form at http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/ CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... -
The Phoenix GPS Receiver - a Practical Example of the Successful Application of a COTS-Based Navigation Sensor in Different Space Missions
DLR.de • Chart 1 > WiSEE / REWA > M. Markgraf • Phoenix GPS > 12.10.2020 The Phoenix GPS Receiver - A Practical Example of the Successful Application of a COTS-Based Navigation Sensor in Different Space Missions M. Markgraf ([email protected]) DLR/GSOC, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82230 Wessling, Germany DLR.de • Chart 2 > WiSEE / REWA > M. Markgraf • Phoenix GPS > 12.10.2020 Content ▪ Background and Motivation ▪ Phoenix GPS Receiver ▪ Qualification and Test Program ▪ Environmental Testing ▪ Vibration & Shock ▪ Thermal-Vacuum ▪ Radiation ▪ Performance Testing ▪ Flight Heritage ▪ Proba-2 Mission ▪ Overview and GPS System Architecture ▪ Flight Result ▪ Radiation Effects ▪ Summary and Conclusions DLR.de • Chart 3 > WiSEE / REWA > M. Markgraf • Phoenix GPS > 12.10.2020 Background and Motivation • GPS has become a „standard“ sensor in almost every space mission over the last two decades • Fully space-qualified GNSS receivers are expansive (>1M€) - unaffordable for many projects due to limited budgets • COTS-based GPS receivers are typically the only alternative for such missions • However, use of COTS-based technology requires thorough testing and good understanding of reliability and failure mechanisms • DLR designs, builds and operates satellites and sounding rockets • Strong in-house need for affordable GPS/GNSS technology • DLR’s Space Flight Technology group commenced to explore, develop, and test COTS-based GPS receiver in the late 1990s. • Phoenix GPS receiver for space missions as an outcome of these works DLR.de • Chart 4 > WiSEE / REWA > M. Markgraf • Phoenix GPS > 12.10.2020 Phoenix GPS Receiver - Hardware 75mm • 12 channel L1 single-frequency receiver for high-dynamics applications • Entirely based on COTS technology 50mm • Commercial H/W platform (SigTec MG5001) • Ca.