Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Tudor Place Property, Northwest Washington, D.C

PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TUDOR PLACE PROPERTY, NORTHWEST WASHINGTON, D.C.

Carthon Davis, III and Kerri S. Barile

Prepared for

Tudor Place Historic House and Garden

Prepared by

DOVETAIL CULTURAL RESOURCE GROUP

May 2011

Document Repositories District of Columbia Historic Planning Department District of Columbia Archives Martin Luther King Jr. Library Tudor Place Historic House and Garden Washington Historical Society

Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Tudor Place Property, Northwest Washington, D.C.

Carthon Davis, III and Kerri S. Barile

Prepared for

Tudor Place Historic House and Garden 1644 31st Street, NW Washington, DC 20007

Prepared by

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group 300 Central Road, Suite 200 Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401

Dovetail Job #10-025

May 2011

ABSTRACT

On behalf of the Tudor Place Historic House and Garden Museum, Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail) conducted an intensive Phase I archaeological survey on approximately 5.5 acres (2.2 hectares) of the museum’s property in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. The project area is located north of Georgetown’s commercial district—along M street. The intensive Phase I archaeological survey consisted of: a pedestrian survey across the entire parcel to locate any above-ground features and note areas of disturbance; excavation of close-interval subsurface shovel test to recover artifacts; and mapping all points of interest using a GPS unit.

The property has already been identified as a site (51NW134), and has been the subject of four previous archaeological events. These prior surveys were completed due to grounds improvements or repairs. With such a limited scope, no previous surveys have encompassed the entire parcel, leading to very disconnected findings. The goal of the survey was to identify the location of possible past buildings, note areas with no subsurface cultural significance for future improvements, and provide comprehensive archaeological information that may be used in relation to past and future excavations.

The current study (51NW134.5) concluded with the excavation of 222 shovel test pits, resulting in the recovery of 874 artifacts from 139 of the 222 shovel test pits. Through the investigation, Dovetail was able to identify multiple points of interest for future study, as well as locate areas with little data potential for future museum improvements. The archaeological survey identified the historic ground level of the main house, through the discovery of an intact brick walkway. The survey also located potential remains of a burned building and a late-nineteenth/early-twentieth century dump site in the dell. In addition, the survey identified the location of two possible (unknown use) outbuildings: one to the west of the circle garden, and one within the western portion of the Tennis Lawn. Lastly, soils to the west of the western original structure (west wing of main house) were found to contain many artifacts related to a pre-1805 occupation. All above- mentioned areas have the potential to contain significant information on the history of the Tudor Place. Through further archaeological work within these areas, the exact extent of the information will be learned.

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT ...... i INTRODUCTION ...... 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ...... 5 Geology ...... 5 Soils...... 5 HISTORIC CONTEXT ...... 7 Prehistoric Periods ...... 7 Paleoindian Period ...... 7 Archaic Period ...... 8 Woodland Period ...... 9 Contact Period ...... 11 Historic Period ...... 12 The Establishment of Georgetown ...... 12 Brief History of Tudor Place...... 13 SURVEY METHODOLOGY ...... 21 Field Methodology ...... 21 Laboratory Methodology ...... 23 BACKGROUND RESEARCH ...... 25 RESULTS OF FIELDWORK...... 31 Shovel Test Results ...... 31 Artifacts...... 37 Analysis of the Project Area ...... 40 Recommendations of Future Work ...... 53 SUMMARY ...... 57 REFERENCES ...... 59 APPENDIX A: SHOVEL TEST CATALOGUE ...... 65 APPENDIX B: ARTIFACT CATALOGUE ...... 97 APPENDIX C: 51NW201 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ...... 121 APPENDIX D: REPORT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT 1670 31ST Street ...... 141

iii

List of Figures

Figure 1: Map of Washington, D.C...... 2 Figure 2: Location of the Tudor Place. Shown on the 1983 7.5 minute Washington West Topographical Quadrangle ...... 3 Figure 3: Overview of the Tudor Place, Looking at Primary (South) Elevation...... 3 Figure 4: Aerial of the Tudor Place Property, Including Main House, Outbuilding, and Administrative Office...... 4 Figure 5: Map of Washington City, District of Columbia, 1856–1859...... 14 Figure 6: Original Configuration of Francis Lowndes’ House...... 16 Figure 7: Five Part Plan of Tudor Place in 1850s ...... 16 Figure 8: First Floor Plan of Tudor Place, 1893...... 17 Figure 9: Detail of 1893 Plats of Squares and Subdivisions of Georgetown, Washington, D.C...... 18 Figure 10: Administration Building, 1670 31st Street NW...... 19 Figure 11: Construction of the Foundation for the Garage, 1913...... 19 Figure 12: Portion of a Survey by Blake Gordon (1913)...... 20 Figure 13: View of Datum Location at Northeast Corner of Main House...... 22 Figure 14: View of Baseline along Grid Coordinate N1850...... 24 Figure 15: Location of Previously Recorded Resource Within the Area of the Tudor Place...... 27 Figure 16: Base Map with Locations of Previous Survey Areas...... 29 Figure 17: Use of a Laser Transit for Shovel Test Pit Placement...... 32 Figure 18: GIS Map with Locations of Shovel Tests...... 33 Figure 19: Archaeologists Carthon Davis, III and Heather Littlefield ...... 34 Figure 20: Typical STP Profile of Front (South) Yard...... 34 Figure 21: Typical STP Profile of Rear (North) Yard...... 35 Figure 22: Intact Brick Walkway Located in STP N2000 E1950...... 35 Figure 23: Looking Toward Burned Area North of Garage, Looking South-Southwest. 36 Figure 24: Aerial Showing Location of Buried Pathway and Burn Area...... 36 Figure 25: Bar Graph Showing Artifact Assemblage Amounts...... 37 Figure 26: Artifacts Recovered from Investigation...... 38 Figure 27: Labels of Formal Landscaped Areas Shown on STP Location Aerial...... 41 Figure 28: Location of STP Containing Buried Pathway in Relation to Main House, Looking Southwest...... 42 Figure 29: Location of Known Burned Area within Dell, Looking North...... 43 Figure 30: View of Tennis Lawn and Location of Several Domestic-type Artifacts, Looking North...... 44 Figure 31: Eighteenth Century Artifact Distribution SURFER Map...... 45 Figure 32: Antebellum Artifact Distribution SURFER Map...... 46 Figure 33: Ceramic Artifact Distribution SURFER Map...... 47 Figure 34: Coarse Ceramic Artifact Distribution SURFER Map...... 48 Figure 35: Refined Ceramic Artifact Distribution SURFER Map...... 49 Figure 36: Personal Artifact Distribution SURFER Map...... 50 Figure 37: Architectural Artifact Distribution SURFER Map...... 51 Figure 38: 1887 Hopkins Map of Tudor Place with ...... 52

Figure 39: 1863 Boschke Map Showing Location of Outbuilding in Rear (North) Yard. Note the two outbuildings north of Tudor Place, referenced in text ...... 53 Figure 40: Aerial of Tudor Place with Location of Areas of Suggested Future Work. .... 55 Figure 41: Overview of Area East of Moore House, Looking South...... 125 Figure 42: Overview of Area South of Moore House, Looking West...... 125 Figure 43: Disturbed Parking Area West of House, Looking Southeast. Pool is in the background...... 127 Figure 44: Aerial Overview of Tudor Place and North Yard Area, ...... 124 Figure 45: Close-Up Aerial of the North Yard/Moore-Langhorne House Lot Showing Shovel Test Locations...... 126

List of Tables

Table 1: Owners and Residents of Tudor Place (University of Maryland 2009)...... 17 Table 2: Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites in the Vicinity of Tudor Place...... 25 Table 3: Mean Ceramic Date Table...... 39 Table 4: Shovel Test Data From North Yard Survey at Tudor Place...... 130 Table 5: Artifacts Recovered During Tudor Place North Yard Survey...... 133

INTRODUCTION

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group I, Inc. (Dovetail) conducted a Phase I archaeological survey of the 5.5-acre (2.2-hectare) Tudor Place property in northwest Washington, D.C. The survey was completed at the request of the Tudor Place Historic House and Garden (Tudor Place). The survey was designed to comply with the Washington, D.C. State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) standards for an intensive Phase I archaeological study.

Most of the museum’s property was testable, excluding only the areas of the house, garage, and steep slopes surrounding most of the property’s east, south, and west boundaries. The project was performed to assess subsurface historic cultural remains and the integrity of surrounding soils. Through the intensive study, Dovetail hoped to identify the location of possible past buildings, as well as note areas with no subsurface cultural significance for future needs of the museum.

The archaeological survey was conducted from November 25 through December 2, 2010 and consisted of a pedestrian survey and close-interval shovel testing to identify artifact clusters and search for intact cultural features. Following testing, mapping of the testing area was completed through the use of a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit. The work was conducted by Kerri S. Barile, Marco González, Heather Littlefield, and Carthon Davis, III. Dr. Barile served as the Principal Investigator for the project, and meets or exceeds the standards established for an archaeologist by the Secretary of the Interior (SOI).

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Tudor Place is located in Georgetown, within the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. (Figure 1, p. 2). The project area is bordered by a property line on the north, 31st Street on the east, Q Street on the south, and 32nd Street on the west (Figure 2, p. 3). Georgetown was founded in 1751 and immediately became commercially known for its harbor on the Potomac River. In 1791, the Federal City was established immediately to the east and incorporated Georgetown into Washington, D.C. in 1871. With the formation of the new city, Georgetown’s trade commerce dwindled, however, the town maintained its status—socially and economically. Georgetown was designated as a Historic District in 1967 due to its preserved historic environment and varied architecture. Among the diverse architecture are many stately homes such as Dumbarton House (circa 1800) and extant Tudor Place (constructed 1805–1816) (National Park Service [NPS] 2007).

Tudor Place was designed by Dr. William Thornton, architect of the U.S. Capitol, at the request of Thomas Peter and his wife Martha Parke Custis Peter, step-granddaughter of George Washington. The Federal-style house (Figure 3, p. 3) remained within the Peter family for the next six generations, until 1983 when ownership was given to the

Carostead Foundation, today’s Tudor Place Foundation. The house was transformed from a private residence into a public museum, opening in 1988 (Tudor Place 2011).

Of the original 8.5-acres (3.4-hectares) parcel, the museum has been able to retain 5.5 acres (2.2 hectares). With original property retention and steady ownership within one family, Tudor Place experienced little dramatic change, with the front yard remaining relatively unaltered and the rear yard being transformed into a formal garden. With a vista of Georgetown, the front yard is mostly an open lawn with manicured grass and mature trees growing along the property line. Formal gardens are the highlight of the rear yard, comprising a boxwood ellipsis, a flower knot, and a circle garden. The rear yard also contains a bowling green, dell, and Tennis Lawn. The property is surrounded with fencing along all sides and has gates blocking all entryways when closed (Figure 4, p. 4).

Figure 1: Map of Washington, D.C. Note: Red star marks approximate location of the Tudor Place (Washington, D.C. Office of Chief Technology Officer 2011).

Figure 2: Location of the Tudor Place (highlighted in yellow). Shown on the 1983 7.5 minute Washington West Topographical Quadrangle (United States Geologic Survey [USGS] 1983).

Figure 3: Overview of the Tudor Place, Looking at Primary (South) Elevation.

Figure 4: Aerial of the Tudor Place Property, Including Main House, Outbuilding, and Administrative Office.

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

The project area is located in the southern section of northwest Washington, D. C. Situated at the confluence of the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers, the District of Columbia encompasses 68.3 square miles (177 sq km) and borders the Commonwealth of Virginia to the south and southwest and the State of Maryland to the north and northeast. The topography of the area consists of broad, nearly level, terraces with gentle sloping ridges. All drainages in the project area flow south into the Potomac River.

Geology

The District of Columbia is divided by the Fall Line (generally running north-northeast through the District) into two physiographic regions, the Piedmont and the Coastal Plain. The fall line is a low escarpment where the sedimentary rocks of the Coastal Plain meet the metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont, also marking the head of navigable water on the major streams. The Piedmont region is located to the west of the Fall Line stretching out to the Blue Ridge Mountains, while the Coastal Plain is located to the east extending to the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean.

More specifically, the project area is located just east of the Fall Line between the Piedmont to the west and the Coastal Plain to the east with Rock Creek denoting the geologic boundary. The Coastal Plain region is characterized as a terraced landscape, stepping down to the coast and the major river systems (College of William and Mary 2006). This landscape was formed over the last few million years as the sea levels rose and fell in response to repeated glacial advance and retreats, and the deposition of sediments from the eroding Appalachian Mountains in the west by river systems. The Piedmont is characterized by gently rolling topography, deeply weathered bedrock, and a relative paucity of solid outcrop (College of William and Mary 2006). This landscape was formed over the last few million years as the sea levels rose and fell in response to repeated glacial advance and retreats and the deposition of sediments from the eroding Appalachian Mountains in the west by river systems.

Soils

Soils within the project area are Sassafras-Urban land complex and Urban land-Sassafras complex, both with an 8 to 15 percent slope. A soil complex generally consists of an area of two or more soils, so intricately mixed or so small in size that they cannot be shown separately on the soil map. Sassafras series soils consist of very deep, well drained soils formed from sandy marine and old alluvial sediments. Solum thickness ranges from 25 to 30 inches (63.5 to 76.5 cm) and depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches (152.4 cm). Urban land is identified as land covered by streets, parking lots, buildings, and other structures in which the soil has been so altered and obscured that classification is not practical (Natural Resources Conservation Service 2011).

HISTORIC CONTEXT

The historic context presented in this section is an overview of the prehistory and history of Washington, D.C. The prehistory section, written by Dovetail prehistoric archaeologists, provides a brief historic of Native Americans prior to the Contact Period. The history section will focus on Georgetown with even greater detail on the Tudor Place property itself. The goal of the detailed Tudor Place history is to better understand the information presented in the Results of Fieldwork section (p. 31). All information, text, and graphics found within the Historic Periods section comes directly from the Archaeological Overview and Perservation Plan for Tudor Place Historic House and Garden Georgetown, Washington, DC, prepared by the University of Maryland in 2009, as modified by Tudor Place staff.

Prehistoric Periods

The prehistoric cultural sequence within the District of Columbia parallels that of the Chesapeake Bay and the Middle Atlantic Regions. It is generally divided into three periods, Paleoindian (13,000–10,000 B.P.), Archaic (10,000–3200 B.P.) and Woodland (3200–400 B.P.). These periods are subdivided into Early, Middle and Late periods. While this sequence represents a cultural continuum, archaeologists have noted that periods of adaptational stability are punctuated by periods of rapid change that do not necessarily correlate with the traditional cultural periods (Custer 1984; Smith 1986).

Prehistoric sites of all periods have been located within the District of Columbia. The waterway provided an excellent source for the continual procurement of water, food, and transportation.

Paleoindian Period (13,000–10,000 B.P.)

The Native American occupation of the eastern portion of North America dates to approximately 13,000 to 10,000 B.P. The Paleoindian settlement-subsistence pattern revolved around hunting and foraging in small nomadic bands. These bands focused on hunting caribou, elk, deer, and now extinct mega-fauna (Goodyear et al. 1979; Meltzer 1988; Smith 1986). Direct evidence of this subsistence strategy within the District of Columbia or the larger Chesapeake Bay area is absent. However this behavior within the region is inferred based on comparisons of technological and social organization patterns observed in adjacent geographic areas (Dent 1995:128).

Paleoindian Period artifact assemblages are homogeneous and are characterized by the presence of fluted projectile points. Fluted points are rare and often identified as isolated surface manifestations. In fact, the majority of Paleoindian sites within the Chesapeake Bay region are more surface manifestations. Exceptions to isolated ephemeral sites include the Higgins and Paw Paw Cove sites in Maryland which have significant buried components (Dent 1995:107). While Paleoindian Period discoveries are infrequent, the eastern half of the United States has some of the highest concentrations of these finds.

Fluted Clovis and Folsom projectile points are the best known of the Paleoindian point types, others include Hardaway-Dalton and Hardaway Side-Notched (Barber and Barfield 1989). Paleoindian stone tools are usually made from high quality cryptocrystalline lithic material. The Paleoindian tool kit included scrapers, gravers, unifacial tools, wedges, hammerstones, abraders, and other tools used for chopping and smashing (Gardner 1989).

Archaic Period (10,000–3200 B.P.)

The Archaic Period is generally divided into three phases, Early (10,000–8800 B.P.), Middle (8800–5500 B.P.), and Late (5500–3200 B.P.). In the District of Columbia and Chesapeake regions the Archaic Period corresponds with establishment of a temperate ecosystem and the formation of the Chesapeake estuary (Dent 1995:147). Previously, during the Paleoindian Period, the landscape was dominated by a larger river system. Despite significant environment changes, the settlement and subsistence patterns of the Paleoindian and Archaic Periods appear to be very similar (Anderson et al. 1996; Cable 1996).

The transition into the Archaic Period is marked by an increase in site size and artifact quantity, as well as an increase in the number of sites (Egloff and McAvoy 1990). Diagnostic artifacts of the Early Archaic Period include the Kirk Corner-Notched and Palmer Corner-Notched projectile points (Coe 1964; Custer 1990). In addition, some bifurcated stem points such as St. Albans and LeCroy appear to be associated with the increased use of hafted endscapers (Coe 1964). The Early Archaic Period also marks the first appearance of ground stone tools such as axes, celts, adzes and grinding stones. The earliest-identified evidence of ground stone in the region appears at the Higgins Sites in southern Maryland (Dent 1995:170). At the close of the Early Archaic Period, we see a shift to an increased reliance on a wider range of lithic resources, including the utilization of local raw materials and expedient tools.

While there appears to be a relatively high degree of cultural continuity between the Early and Middle Archaic Periods, sites dating to the Middle Archaic Period are more numerous suggesting an increase in population, and sites appear to be occupied for longer periods of time. The Middle Archaic Period coincides with a relatively warm and dry period that may have resulted in widespread population movements (Delcourt and Delcourt 1987; Stoltman and Baerreis 1983). Mouer (1991:10) sees the primary cultural attributes of the Middle Archaic as “small-group band organization, impermanent settlement systems, infrequent aggregation phases, and low levels of regional or areal integration and interaction.” Projectile points diagnostic of the Middle Archaic Period include Stanley Stemmed, Morrow Mountain Stemmed, Guilford Lanceolate, and Halifax Side-Notched.

The Late Archaic Period is often seen as the culmination of trends that began during the Early and Middle Archaic (Dent 1995:178). Dent (1995:178) suggests that the Late Archaic is “a time that contains both the ends of one way of life and the beginnings of a significant redirection.” The artifact assemblage is dominated by bifacial tools; however, expedient flake scrapers, drills, perforators and utilized flakes are characteristic of these assemblages. The appearance of both narrow and broad blade technologies in the Late

Archaic tool kit indicates that lithic tools were being used for a variety of purposes. A range of utility of the lithic tools suggests broadening subsistence patterns, which is a departure from the specialized subsistence patterns of the Paleoindian Period (Dent 1995:181). Ground stone tools, including adzes, celts, gourges and axes are seen during this period, with the grooved axe making its first appearance during the Late Archaic (Dent 1995:181–182). Diagnostic projectile points of the narrow blade tradition, often viewed as the early portion of the Late Archaic Period, include the Vernon, Bare Island/Lackawaxen, Clagett, and Holmes (Dent 1995; Mouer 1991).

The period of time from approximately 4500 B.P. to 3200 B.P. is referred to as the Transitional Period by some (Mouer 1991), while others argue that due to the lack of pottery, it is more accurately classified as an extension of the Late Archaic (Dent 1995:180). Dent (1995:200) classifies this period in the Chesapeake region as the Intensification Effort, meaning that hunter-gatherer lifeways are intensified and there is growing human control over the domestic economy. Also, kinship ties that dominated social organization previously shift to political associations, suggesting that this transitional period signifies a social re-organization within the region (Dent 1995:200).

Also during this transition period (by 3000 B. P.) the Chesapeake estuary as it exists today was fully developed. Thus coastal resources such as fish and shellfish were undoubtedly utilized by prehistoric peoples during this period. Sites dating to this time period are often located in areas where populations can exploit these types of resources, such as river valleys, the lower portion of the coastal plain tributaries of major rivers, and near swamps. This has lead archaeologists to postulate that fish began to play a larger role in the subsistence system. Platform hearths seen during this period are interpreted as being associated with fish processing (Dent 1995:185). The first definitive evidence of shellfish exploitation in the region is seen during this period on the lower reaches of the Potomac (Potter 1982).

Transitional Period sites tend to be larger than those of the Archaic Periods, likely reflecting an increase in population; however, there is still no evidence for year-round occupation. Dent (1995) argues that the larger sites may be misinterpreted as reflecting longer term occupation and may simply be sites that were revisited for short period on many occasions. Material culture associated with the Transitional Period includes steatite or soapstone vessels as well as the ground stone tools discussed above. Steatite was quarried in locations throughout the region including several quarries in nearby Rock Creek Park investigated by William Henry Holmes and the Harland Mill Steatite Quarry in Maryland (Dent 1995:182). Broad-blade points associated with the later portions of the Archaic or Transitional Period include the Savannah River, Susquehanna, Perkiomen, Dry Brook, and Orient Fishtail projectile points (Dent 1995; Mouer 1991).

Woodland Period (3200–400 B.P.)

The Woodland Period is divided into three phases, Early (3200 B.P.–2300 B.P.), Middle Woodland (2300–1100 B.P.), and Late (1100–400 B.P.). The introduction of pottery, agriculture, and a more sedentary lifestyle mark the emergence of the Woodland Period in the region. The population surge that began in the Archaic continues in this period.

The concurrent development of agriculture and pottery led early theorists to posit that they were linked; however, few still support this position. Alternatively, the evolution of technological and subsistence systems as well as various aspects of pan-Eastern interaction are currently believed to underlie the evolution of ceramic vessels (Egloff 1991).

Steatite-tempered Marcey Creek pottery, dating to the Early Woodland Period, is the earliest known variety of ceramic identified in the area. First found in nearby Arlington County, the ceramic was named after the site where it was first identifed. Marcey Creek wares, considered experimental, are typically shallow, slab built forms (Dent 1995; McLearen 1991). Another steatite-tempered ware, Selden Island, followed Marcey Creek and soon other temper types appear in the archaeological record, such as Vinette, Accokeek, Wolfe Neck, Pope’s Creek, and Coulbourn wares (McLearen 1991). Ceramics of the Early Woodland Period are considered experimental wares and are defined by their slab-built formation and lack of decorative features (Dent 1995: 225). By approximately 1100 B.P., there is a shift from the earlier slab construction techniques to coil-made and conoidal or globular vessels. This shift is accompanied by the introduction of surface treatments such as cord marking and net impression (Dent 1995; McLearen 1991). Projectile points associated with the Early Woodland Period include Rossville Stemmed and possibly Piscataway Stemmed (Dent 1995). In addition to the presence of pottery in the material record, the Early Woodland Period is defined by the introduction of unique material cultural items associated with mortuary practices (Dent 1995:232).

Some argue that settlement patterns in the Piedmont become more sedentary during the Early Woodland (Mouer 1991). However others argue that the transition to sedentism happened gradually throughout the Woodland (Dent 1995:230). Regardless of these disputes on timing, it is evident that the Woodland marked the transition from mobile hunter-gatherer lifeways to more sedentary settlement patterns. This transition is evident in the archaeological record in the form of subsurface storage features, shell middens, trash middens, and prehistoric structures.

The Middle Woodland is marked by the rise of certain sociocultural characteristics that include “interregional interaction spheres, including the spread of religious and ritual behaviors which appear in locally transformed ways; localized stylistic developments that sprung up independently alongside interregional styles increased sedentism and evidence of ranked societies or incipient ranked societies” (McLearen 1992:55). While there is a degree of commonality among Middle Woodland peoples, one of the striking characteristics of this period is the rise of regional trends, particularly in pottery and projectile point forms. Coastal Plain ceramic styles, such as Mockley, can be distinguished from Piedmont and Western Valley styles, such as Watson. Differences that correspond to river drainages that drain into the Chesapeake Bay can also be discerned. Subsistence economies along the Chesapeake Bay and major rivers continue to increase during this period as well as long distance trade (Jefferson Patterson 2003). The Middle Woodland Period also sees the introduction of the triangular or Levanna projectile point.

The Late Woodland Period is marked by an increased reliance on agriculture, attendant population growth, larger villages and increased sociocultural complexity (Turner 1992). Townsend ceramic wares show uniform distribution throughout the Chesapeake region during the Late Woodland (Dent 1995:244). Ceramic types of the Late Woodland Period in the Piedmont include the quartz-tempered Gaston Simple Stamped and sand/crushed rock-tempered Dan River pottery (Hantman and Klein 1992). The trend towards sedentary settlements continues throughout the Late Woodland Period. Increasing sedentism is characterized by elaborate earthworks including ditches, increased use of storage facilities both subsurface and buildings, the presence of residential structures, and middens. In the early portion of this period, settlements consist of small clusters of houses with little to no internal organization. However, by 300 B.P., larger villages are observed. Features associated with these villages include palisades, houses, hearths, storage pits, and burials (Hantman and Klein 1992). Structures/evidence of structures at the sites of Patawomeke, Great Neck, and Juhle in the region provide examples of more complex Late Woodland buildings. The Late Woodland is also defined by the use of large ossuaries (Dent 1995:254). The smaller Madison triangular projectile point is generally associated with the Late Woodland Period.

Contact Period

The Contact and early historic period refer to the time period during which the native groups had their first contact with Europeans and European goods. Native adaptations to the changing social and political environment of the area are poorly understood. The Piedmont was occupied by several Siouan-speaking groups during the late prehistoric and Contact Periods (Mouer 1983). The material culture of the period is characterized by sand- and grit-tempered pottery decorated with simple stamped decorative motifs, often similar and likely derived from Late Woodland styles (Potter 1993). The introduction of European goods is a distinguishing characteristic of this period. Depopulation related to European born disease and changed trade dynamics are the two primary factors often cited in cultural changes during this period.

During the period of initial European intrusion, the District of Columbia was inhabited by the Conoy, a tribal confederacy of the Algonquin-speaking people of the north. There are thought to have been at least four Indian villages within the present city that date from the early seventeenth century, including one near the C&O Canal and MacArthur Boulevard and a large village called Nacochtanke on the east bank of the Anacostia River (Humphrey and Chambers 1977). The Nacotchtanke, a branch of the Piscataway, would have gathered and hunted on lands throughout the area. The Piscataway were the largest group of Algonquian speakers in southern Maryland and they were the dominant group within the chiefdom that was called “Conoy” by their Iroquoian speaking enemies, the Five Nation Iroquois.

Historic Period

The Establishment of Georgetown

Colonists began settling in and around the area in the seventeenth century, founding a community that slowly developed into the major shipping port and trading center of Georgetown (Ecker 1933). Well-known voyagers such as Captain John Smith and Henry Fleete sailed up the Potomac and stopped to trade with the Indians in present-day Georgetown. The settlement continued to grow as a popular trading port well into the eighteenth century.

Modern Georgetown was not formally established until 1751 and may have been named in honor of King George II. Tobacco developed as the major cash crop in the region and the town prospered as a port for trading between Europe and the West Indies (NPS 2007). Industry also grew along the waterfront with the construction of wharves and flour mills. Additionally, the town served as the depot for the shipping of military supplies during the Revolutionary War.

Following the war, more industries, such as a textile mill, paper factory, and additional flour mills, were established. It was also after the Revolution that Georgetown became an independent municipal government of the federal District of Columbia. Georgetown was not formally annexed by the City of Washington until 1871 (SHPO 2003). By the 1790s, Georgetown gained a reputation as the fashionable quarter of the capital city and drew visitors from all over the United States as well as other countries (NPS 2007).

After the Civil War, many freed slaves migrated to Georgetown where their labor helped the economy flourish. Unfortunately, the flooding of the Potomac River in the 1890s caused many businesses to go bankrupt. One of the affected businesses, the C&O Canal, handled a large part of the river traffic. The canal, an integral part of Georgetown since its opening in 1836, had been part of the Potomac Company whose founders included George Washington (SHPO 2003). The canal continued to be the main means of transportation for boats until it finally ceased operations in 1924.

The 1890s flooding was indeed a catastrophic event for Georgetown and its impact on its residents cannot be underestimated. The local economy went into a downward spiral (NPS 2007) and what used to be a town known for its affluent and prosperous neighborhoods and businesses became one of Washington’s worst slums. While the neighborhood decayed around it, the waterfront retained its industrial character into the first half of the twentieth century, becoming home to a lumber yard, a cement works, and a meat rendering plant (SHPO 2003).

Some change came in the 1930s when members of the Roosevelt administration slowly gentrified the area. However, Georgetown was not to become truly fashionable again until John F. Kennedy took up residence while serving in the Senate in the 1950s (SHPO 2003). Slowly more political elites were drawn to the area beginning in the 1960s, restoring Georgetown’s reputation for affluence.

Although Georgetown has regained its pre-1790s preeminence, its historic fabric (with few exceptions such as the pre-Revolutionary Old Stone House on M Street) dates primarily to the nineteenth century. The variety of architectural styles is impressive: Georgian mansions, townhouses, Federal and Classical Revival houses, and ornate structures of the ante- and post-bellum periods coexist peacefully (NPS 2007). Several large homes and estates, including Tudor Place, have remained somewhat or largely intact and are operated as museums [University of Maryland 2009].

Brief History of Tudor Place

Francis Lowndes, a prominent landowner and shipper, acquired the original 8½-acre parcel that later became Tudor Place from Thomas Beale in 1794 for the tidy sum of $1,265 (Graham and Ridout 2002) (Figure 5, p. 14). Lowndes began building his home circa 1794–1805; contemporary tax records indicate that three brick buildings existed on the property, of which only two survived. The two surviving structures would eventually become the east and west wings of the current house (Figure 6, p. 16). On June 5, 1805, Francis Lowndes sold the property to Thomas Peter and his wife, the former Martha Parke Custis, for $8,000. Thomas Peter was the son of a successful Scottish tobacco merchant, landowner, and the first mayor of Georgetown; Martha Parke Custis was the granddaughter of Martha Washington. It was money left by George Washington to Martha Custis that allowed the Peters to purchase Tudor Place. With only the two wings extant when they purchased the property, the Peter family used the western wing as living quarters and the eastern wing as a carriage house and stable. The living quarters consisted of bedchambers on the upper floor, and a kitchen on the ground floor (Graham and Ridout 2002). Outbuildings, the smokehouse, and the laundry are also believed to have existed on the property during that early period.

Around 1808, Dr. William Thornton, the first architect of the U.S. Capitol and a Peter family friend, started to draw plans to connect the two wings, however the final design was not completed until 1813. The stately neoclassic [Federal] mansion that was ultimately constructed linked the two earlier wings making the building one of the largest in Georgetown (Figure 7, p. 16).

The Peters’ willingness to make their home into a fine estate was signaled by their naming the property “Tudor Place”. First recorded as Tudor Place in The National Intelligencer on May 7, 1811, the building was finally completed around 1816 (Graham and Ridout 2002). Tudor Place was built with entertaining in mind, and centers around public spaces on the first floor, such as a saloon-flanked by a formal drawing room and a parlor/dining room (Figure 8, p. 17).

The large estate required a great deal of manual labor to operate, and like many wealthy families in early America, the Peters relied on slave labor. By 1820 there were 14 enslaved people living at Tudor Place; 6 adults and 8 children, some bequeathed by Martha Washington in her will (Schiavo 2004). While little is known about the earliest enslaved Africans working and living at Tudor Place, there are photographs and even a

limited amount of biographical information about individual slaves living on the estate during the mid-nineteenth century.

Figure 5: Map of Washington City, District of Columbia, 1856–1859. By A. Boschke. The Tudor Place mansion is shown between the letters R and G (O’Donnell 2002).

Very little was done to alter the house during the first half of the nineteenth century until the installation of gas lighting in the 1850s. Judging from early heat registers that survive, the building may also have had the first central heating system in the area, likely installed around the middle of the nineteenth century (Graham and Ridout 2002). At this time, Britannia Wellington Kennon, one of the Peters’ eight children, lived in the home with her daughter Martha Custis Kennon. Her husband, Commodore Beverley Kennon, had died in 1844 in an explosion on the U.S.S. Princeton. Britannia Kennon was known as one of the city’s most distinguished residents, and was a well-respected gardener. In 1872, a local newspaper showed off Mrs. Kennon’s Cycas revolute, a plant bearing fruit for the first time in 60 years, which her mother had bought in Philadelphia in 1812 (Mitchell 1986). Britannia Kennon lived most of her long life at Tudor Place, except between 1858 and December 1861 when the house was rented out (Ecker 1951).

During the Civil War, Mrs. Kennon moved back into Tudor Place and took in several Union officers as boarders, under the condition that the affairs of the war would not be discussed (Ecker 1951). After all, Captain Beverley Kennon II, Commodore Kennon’s son from his first marriage, and Britannia Kennon’s stepson served in the Confederate Army, along with several other family members (Tudor Place 2002). In April 1867, Martha Custis Kennon married Dr. Armistead Peter, a prominent Georgetown physician, and they immediately took up residence at Tudor Place with Britannia Kennon. It was most likely around this time that changes were made to the stable wing and the north room of the east hyphen (Graham and Ridout 2002). In 1855 the uppermost portion of the estate adjacent to Dumbarton Oaks had been sold and in 1866 the family again sold part of the estate, this time the lower north section. The lower parcel was divided into five lots of different sizes priced from $15 to $45 per square foot—all were sold within two weeks (Mitchell 1986). All of these lots were quickly built upon; the lot at 1670 31st Street was repurchased by Armistead Peter 3rd, and now serves as the museum’s administration building (Figure 9, Figure 10, pp. 18–19).

In 1876 a new kitchen was added to the west wing of the house and the old kitchen was converted to a servants’ sitting room. A small access lobby was built to join the new kitchen to the servants’ hall. After Britannia Kennon’s death in 1911, Armistead Peter Jr., son of Dr. Peter and Martha Kennon Peter, purchased the other heirs’ shares in the property and took sole ownership of Tudor Place. Soon thereafter, the Peters undertook a major renovation of the building. Important structural repairs were performed and new bathrooms, electrical wiring, plumbing, gas, and a new roof were installed. In 1913, a new garage was constructed to the west of the main house (Figure 11, p. 19). Following the 1913–1915 renovation campaign, changes to the manison have been minor, thus the estate retains most of its character from the early nineteenth century (Graham and Ridout 2002) (Figure 12, p. 20).

The Peter family retained ownership of Tudor Place until 1983; its last owner, Armistead Peter 3rd bequeathed the property to a Foundation. The mansion and the gardens opened to the public in 1988 under the stewardship of the Carostead Foundation, the predecessor of the Tudor Place Foundation [University of Maryland 2009].

Figure 6: Original Configuration of Francis Lowndes’ House (Graham and Ridout 2002).

Figure 7: Five Part Plan of Tudor Place in 1850s (Graham and Ridout 2002).

Figure 8: First Floor Plan of Tudor Place, 1893. From a Sketch by Walter Peter (Graham and Ridout 2002).

Table 1: Owners and Residents of Tudor Place (University of Maryland 2009).

Figure 9: Detail of 1893 Plats of Squares and Subdivisions of Georgetown, Washington, D.C. (O’Donnell 2002).

Figure 10: Administration Building, 1670 31st Street NW (University of Maryland 2009).

Figure 11: Construction of the Foundation for the Garage, 1913 (O’Donnell 2002).

Figure 12: Portion of a Survey by Blake Gordon (1913) with Layout of the Property, Showing Garden, Smokehouse, and Proposed Location of Garage (O’Donnell 2002).

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

Field Methodology

The goal of the archaeological survey was to identify the spatial distribution of artifacts and locate buried intact cultural features within the project area. The survey methodology employed to meet this goal was chosen with regard to the project’s scope (i.e., the project’s potential to affect significant resources, should they be present), the potential of the project area to contain significant archaeological resources, and local field conditions. Based on previous archaeological studies in the project area, the topographic and environmental setting, and the known historic association of the property, the project area was judged to have a high potential for historic archaeological resources. The area also has a moderate potential for prehistoric archaeological resources due to topography, overlooking the Potomac River, and documented evidence of prehistoric sites located on level platforms in northwest Washington, D.C.

The archaeological survey consisted of both a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing. The pedestrian survey was performed to identify disturbed portions of the project area and cultural features. Subsurface testing involved the excavation of shovel test pits (STPs) within the project area. The testing consisted of close-interval shovel testing at 25-foot (7.6-m) intervals on a grid laid across the 5.5-acre (2.2-hectare) project area. Dovetail archaeologists first established a systematic grid across the project area using a laser transit. A permanent datum was established at the northeast corner of the main house.

A permanent datum was established near the apex of a brick pathway surrounding the main house, near the northeast corner (Figure 13, p. 22). The datum was placed 10 feet 4.5 inches (3.2 m) from the corner of the main house at an angle of 28 degrees, following the east/west alignment of the structure. The datum was given an arbitrary northing and easting to assist in determining STP locations throughout the project area. Although the property is oriented in a north-northwest/south-southeast direction, the archaeological team established the alignment of the main house as the “grid north” which the grid was oriented along. Due to the large parcel size, and the need for accuracy, several baselines were shot in with the laser transit. The north/south baseline was placed along the Easting (E)2000 line on the eastern side of the main house (Figure 14, p. 24). Two east/west baselines were placed; one at the Northing (N)2000 line (north side of main house) and another at the N1850 (south side of main house) line. Using a compass, the baselines were used to determine the location of each STP on the 25-foot (7.6-m) grid. A total of 18 north/south transects and 26 east/west transects formed the grid within the property boundaries.

Once the grid was set, archaeologists excavated STPs across the site at 25-foot (7.6-m) intervals on 26 east/west transects. STPs were recorded using northing and easting coordinates (i.e., N2000 E2000), based on an arbitrary coordinate system attached to the established grid. They were not excavated in areas of known disturbance or excessive

slope. STPs measured approximately 12 inches (30.5 cm) in diameter and were excavated to penetrate at least 4 inches (10.2 cm) into sterile subsoil where possible.

All soils excavated from STPs were passed through ¼-inch (0.6-cm) hardware mesh cloth. Each natural stratum was given a stratum designation (e.g., L1) in order to delineate strata relationships. All artifacts were recovered and bagged by stratum. The STP numeric designation, level, excavator, date, and material recovered were recorded on field tags for each level. Soil conditions, weather information, and notations on disturbances were recorded within field notes. Dovetail used a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit to accurately map the location of each STP.

Figure 13: View of Datum Location at Northeast Corner of Main House.

Laboratory Methodology

All recovered artifacts were washed with water and rubbed with a soft brush in groups according to provenience. Once cleaned, artifacts were cataloged according to type, field tags were replaced with more stable and legible tags, and provenience information was recorded on diagnostic artifacts using polyvinyl acetate and an archival pigma-free ink pen. The artifact catalog recorded general provenience information and quantity for each artifact type. Artifacts were broken into three general categories: historic, prehistoric, or natural. Artifact type was assigned according to a variety of generally accepted systems. Non-tool prehistoric lithics were cataloged assigned type according to the general stage of reduction, as primary, secondary, or tertiary (Callahan 1979; Crabtree 1972). Flakes that were partial or non-flake pieces that were still considered debris from stone tool production (shatter, angular debris, etc.) were given non-reduction sequence types (Andrefsky 1998; Whittaker 1994). Material type was recorded for all lithic artifacts.

Historic artifacts were divided into material type [Architectural (ARC), Arms and Ammunition (ARM), Ceramic (CER), Glass (GLS), Metal (MET), Organic (ORG), Other (OTH), and Personal (PER)] for basic analysis. The artifacts were then identified as to specific wares or manufacturing techniques. Architectural artifacts generally included any item that was used in the construction of a building such as nails, window glass, brick, cut stone, mortar, plaster, roofing slate, etc. Specifically, nails were recorded as hand-wrought, machine cut with wrought heads, machine cut with machine cut heads, and wire (galvanized and ungalvanized) (Adams 2002; Nelson 1968). Window glass was broken into pre- and post-industrial categories, and brick was defined as either hand-made or machine-made. The Arms and Ammunition category included flints, bullets, bayonets, sabers, mortar shells, etc that were used during battle activity or for personal use such as hunting.

Ceramics were subdivided into refined and coarse earthenware, refined and coarse stoneware, porcelain, and semi-porcelain. Decoration, such as applied paint, transfer print, and molding, were also noted, and each fragment was examined to determine specific vessel aspect (i.e., body, base, handle, rim). Specific ware types and manufacture dates were identified using Noel-Hume (1991), South (1977), Bartoviks (1980), Pittman, McFaden and Miller (1987), Greer (1970), and Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS). Glass included all domestic glass which were catalogued by manufacturing techniques, as well as color, use, attribute, and decoration (Jones and Sullivan 1985; Madden and Hardison 2002). This category was broken down by vessel and bottle glass distinctions to help identify their possible use without seeing the actual artifact, for example a piece of glass representing a candy dish versus a wine bottle.

Metal is a form category and generally includes flat pressed metal or unidentifiable metal fragments. An attempt was made to place other metal items in a function category to aid in analysis. Organic included shell, bone, and any other culturally but naturally occurring object. The Other category included items that were not placed into a more specific category, such as ceramic insulators and porcelain toilet fragments. Although these items

are technically ceramic they are placed within the Other category because they are not of a specific domestic use like a plate or bowl. Personal items consist of buttons, pipe fragments, military accoutrements, jewelry, etc.

The information obtained by the GPS unit was used jointly with Global Information System (GIS) maps received from Tudor Place to create a detailed STP map. The GIS- generated map documents location of all STPs in relation to historic buildings, landscape features, and pathways. Further mapping was completed using SURFER software to display distribution of artifacts across the project area. The distribution maps were overlaid onto the STP map so that a relation can be formulated between STPs and building location. The result of this mapping was an identification of possible locations of significant domestic areas and past buildings that are no longer visible above ground.

Figure 14: View of Baseline along Grid Coordinate N1850.

BACKGROUND RESEARCH

Prior to conducting fieldwork, the potential of the project area to contain significant archaeological resources and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-eligible architectural properties was assessed by searching the DC SHPO site file maps and records, as well as examining the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission (CWSAC) maps for the area. The CWSAC maps revealed that the project is not located within any recorded Civil War battlefields.

The background research revealed that there are 24 previously recorded archaeological sites and one previously recorded architectural property in the vicinity of the project area (Table 2). Of the 24 archaeological sites, two are prehistoric, four are multi-component, and the remaining 18 are historic (Figure 15, p. 27).

Table 2: Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites in the Vicinity of Tudor Place.

Site # Site Type Site Name Reference Old Stone 51NW015 Historic NPS House 51NW044 Prehistoric None D.L. Gill Georgetown 51NW048 Historic J. Harrison Market Forrest- Engineering- 51NW064 Historic/Prehistoric Marbury House Science 1986

Georgetown Engineering- 51NW075 Historic Waterfront Science 1987 Henry Foxall Engineering- 51NW076 Historic House Science 1989 51NW084 Historic Halcyon House Proposal only

51NW089 Historic 2521 K St. Milner 1990

Engineering- Francis Scott 51NW102 Historic Science 1989, Key Park Milner 1994 Georgetown Parsons/Versar 51NW104 Historic Warehouses- 2006 II Whitehurst Georgetown 51NW112 Historic University EAC/A 1995 Access Road

Site # Site Type Site Name Reference ATC 2000 Anthony Hill; 51NW114 Historic Holmead House Thunderbird 1980 51NW134 Historic Tudor Place (within text) Dumbarton EAC/A 2003 51NW136 Historic/Prehistoric Oak-1 (Kirchen et al.) Dumbarton EAC/A 2003 51NW137 Historic/Prehistoric Oak-2 (Kirchen et al.) Dumbarton EAC/A 2003 51NW138 Historic/Prehistoric Oak-3 (Kirchen et al.) Columbia Berger 2003 51NW139 Historic Hospital for Griffitts & Lee Women Decker Unnamed Berger 2004, 51NW153 Prehistoric Dumbarton 2006 Oaks Park Berger 2004, 51NW161 Historic Unnamed 2006 Massachusetts Louis Berger 51NW195 Historic Ave. Quarry Group Sq. 1205, Lot Engineering- 51NW209 Historic 57 (well) Science 1988 Mt. Zion/Fem Mt. Zion H17 Historic Un Band Cemetery Cemetery Report

In fall 2009, Dovetail performed a Phase I archaeological survey in the southern and eastern yards of 1680 31st Street NW (51NW201). The owners (Langhorne) of the property were preparing for a complete landscape modification to their yard. The parcel was part of the eighteenth-century Tudor Place complex, but was subdivided and sold by the Peter family in 1866. Given the history of the parcel, the owners collaborated with Tudor Place for an archaeological survey to be performed, in hopes of uncovering intact cultural features significant to the house museum. While no features were identified during the survey, many eighteenth-century artifacts were recovered, displaying the relation of the parcel to Tudor Place (Dovetail 2009). Following completion of the archaeological survey, landscapers began excavating existent plantings, uncovering many artifacts. Upon the discovery of a Belgium brass pistol, Tudor Place brought back a Dovetail archaeologist to monitor further excavations. The results of the monitoring are discussed in full within the project’s management summary (see Appendix C: 51NW201 Management Summary, p. 121).

Figure 15: Location of Previously Recorded Resource Within the Area of the Tudor Place (District of Columbia Office of Planning, 2010).

Within the project area, Tudor Place has experienced several recent archaeological surveys. From 2002 to current, a total of four archaeological investigations (not including current survey) have taken place within the 5.5-acre (2.2-hectare) property (University of Maryland 2009). The historic property was designated an archaeological site number (51NW134) by the DC SHPO in 2002. There is no documented evidence of archaeology being performed on the property prior to 2002 (University of Maryland 2009).

In 2002, an archaeologist from John Milner and Associates monitored the excavation of a 75-foot (22.9-m) long steam pipe (51NW134.1) (Figure 16, p. 29). The pipe, installed during modernization efforts in 1914, broke, resulting in the loss of heat to the main house. During the monitoring, a total of 55 artifacts were recovered dating to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Two cultural features were identified during this time: a stone garden wall and a brick (handmade) drain. The garden wall was interpreted as being built after the construction of the current main house. However, the brick drain may predate the mansion as its configuration does not align with the current house (University of Maryland 2009).

To interconnect all buildings owned by the museum via data systems, underground cables were installed in 2004. Accomplishing this required the excavation of a utility trench down the central path and boxwood ellipse in the rear (north) yard. Once identified as possibly containing important archaeological information, Dr. Dennis Pogue (Mount Vernon archaeologist and Tudor Place Board member) monitored the trench digging (51NW134.2) (Figure 16, p. 29). The trenching revealed seven strata along the central path and six along the boxwood ellipse. Notable strata were uncovered at each location during the utility work: an oyster shell layer was found along the central path and a cobble layer was found around the ellipse. Dr. Pogue indentified all strata within the utility trench as different media used to surface various paths throughout the domestic usage of the property (University of Maryland 2009).

From December 2005 to May 2006, archaeologists from DATA Investigations excavated six test units on the exterior of the main house’s foundation and one test unit accompanied by three shovel tests in the interior of the kitchen (51NW134.3), under the floor, in the west wing (Figure 16, p. 29). DATA Investigations also included monitoring the excavation of trenches, across the front yard, for drain pipes. The ability to excavate under the kitchen floor was allowed by floor, due to deterioration, therefore providing a unique opportunity. The excavations around the foundation revealed several building phases for the mansion as well as the discovery of an old brick walkway around the building that had been buried with fill. A builder’s trench (a wide trench excavated for the construction of a foundation within trench) was found intact in several of the units. The project allowed for a chronology to be developed on the phases of building the main house; also exact dates were not designated with each area through excavated cultural remains. The monitoring of trench excavations identified the remains of a brick kiln, likely used for house construction, to the east of the mansion (Harpole 2007).

Dennis Pogue executed a small Phase I archaeological survey (51NW134.4) within the rear (west) yard at of the museum’s administrative building (1670 31st Street) in November 2005 (Figure 16, p. 29). Due to this investigation, Dovetail did not test this area, being the only section of the parcel not tested in the current survey. The museum proposed the area as a space for future structural development. Divided equally among two transects, 10 shovel tests were excavated at 20-foot (6.1-m) intervals by Dr. Pogue. A total of 34 artifacts were recovered from the survey. Also, several shovel tests revealed a historic buried plowzone, suggesting that the rear yard may have been a field prior to being sold off in 1866 (Pogue 2006).

51NW134.2 51NW134.4 51NW134.3

51NW134.1

Figure 16: Base Map with Locations of Previous Survey Areas.

RESULTS OF FIELDWORK

The cultural resource investigations at Tudor Place included an intensive Phase I archaeological investigation through the excavation of close-interval shovel test pits and the usage of a GPS unit to accurately map the placement of the shovel tests. Post-field work included the processes of artifacts and GPS information to create GIS and SURFER maps, used to show locations and distribution patterns across the project area. The results of the fieldwork will be presented first, followed by an analysis of the site in light of the evidence uncovered during the project investigation.

Shovel Test Results

With the high potential for historic artifacts and information from the Tudor Place property Dovetail implemented close-interval shovel testing for the project area. To do this, shovel tests were excavated at 25-foot (7.6-m) intervals, along a grid marked by a laser transit, across the site (Figure 17, p. 32). Shovel testing was followed by mapping, using a GPS unit, marking each STP across the site. The design of the survey incorporated goals for the identification of subsurface remains. More specifically, this consisted of uncovering evidence indentifying important domestic areas and historic building locations for future archaeological work. Also, areas containing a low density of cultural remains are highlighted for the museum to assist in planning for facility expansion and restoration efforts. The survey took place on the entire 5.5-acre (2.2-hectare) Tudor Place parcel, excluding the area surveyed by Dennis Pogue in 2005 (see Appendix E: Report of Archaeological Investigations at 1670 31st Street, p. 141).

The close-interval shovel testing across the project area involved the excavation of 222 STPs at 25-foot intervals (7.6-m) (Figure 18, p. 33). Of the 222 STPs, six were judgmental (not placed on grid), and three were radials to STP N2150 E1975. The radial STPs were excavation in all undisturbed, cardinal directions at a distance of 12.5 feet (3.8 m) away from the on-grid STP. STP N2150 E1975 was chosen for radials due to the recovery of a locally produced earthenware fragment, possibly from the eighteenth century. Of the 139 STPs containing cultural materials, just over half (56 percent) were located around the house and rear yard, though occurring on less acreage than the front yard (Figure 19, p. 34).

The average depth of STPs was 17.7 inches (44.9 cm) with a maximum depth of 37 inches (93.9 cm). The soil profiles within the project area varied greatly, with the most notable changes occurring between the front and rear yards. The front (south) yard, in general, is covered with a thick sod cap, sheltering a dark reddish brown, silty clay A-Horizon. The average depth of the A-Horizon in the front yard was 9.5 inches (24.1 cm) with the deepest being 19 inches (48.3 cm) in depth. The subsoil found in this portion of the property was generally red clay (Figure 20, p. 34). The rear (north) yard, is covered with an assortment of landscaping elements including manicured grass, brick walks, pea gravel, and mulch. Largely, the A-Horizon is a dark yellowish brown, possibly the rich soils are a result of formal gardening in the yard for years. The average depth of the A-Horizon in

the rear yard was 7.8 inches (19.8 cm) with the deepest being 20 inches (50.8 cm) in depth. The subsoil found in this portion of the property is also red clay (Figure 21, p. 35).

All shovel tests excavated along the eastern side of the mansion contained a high density of brick flecking. Brick flecking, sometimes accompanied by charcoal flecking, is also experienced in confined spaces throughout the front and rear yards. Only one intact cultural feature was encountered during the survey; located at STP N2000 E1950 was an intact brick pathway found 13 inches (33 cm) in depth (Figure 22, p. 35). In addition, a thick burn layer was exposed in the dell, to the north of the garage and retaining wall. The burn layer appeared in two STPs (N2050 E1725 and N2050 E1750) with an average thickness of 15 inches (38.1 cm) (Figure 23, p. 36). Two potential building, of unknown use, were also identified during the survey.

Figure 17: Use of a Laser Transit for Shovel Test Pit Placement.

KEY

= Positive

= Negative

= Not Excavated

Total= 222 STPs

Figure 18: GIS Map with Locations of Shovel Tests. Note Northing and Easting measurements found on grid’s edge. 33

Figure 19: Archaeologists Carthon Davis, III and Heather Littlefield Excavating a Shovel Test.

0 I = 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish 6 in. brown, silt loam. I II = 2.5YR 4/6 red, 12 in. clay. II 18 in. Unexcavated 24 in.

STP N1700 E1900 Figure 20: Typical STP Profile of Front (South) Yard.

0 I 6 in. I = 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown, silty loam 12 in. II II = 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown, silty clay 18 in. III III = 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown, clay 24 in. 30 in. Unexcavated

STP N2025 E2000 Figure 21: Typical STP Profile of Rear (North) Yard.

Intact Bricks

Figure 22: Intact Brick Walkway Located in STP N2000 E1950. Note visible red areas (many outlined in black) within shovel test bottom are portions of the intact bricks.

Figure 23: Looking Toward Burned Area North of Garage, Looking South-Southwest.

Burn Area Buried Pathway

Figure 24: Aerial Showing Location of Buried Pathway and Burn Area.

Artifacts

Of the 222 shovel tests excavated, 139 (62.6 percent) contained artifacts (see Appindix B: Artifact Catalogue, p. 65). The 139 positive STPs resulted in the recovery of 874 historic artifacts and 6 prehistoric artifacts. Over 71 percent of the artifacts came from around the house or rear yard (Figure 26, p. 38). The area comprising aforementioned stat is defined by any artifacts recovered from excavations along the N1950 transect and north (N1950– N2275). Overall, architectural artifacts comprised the highest percentage of the assemblage with 36.8 percent (n=322). While architectural debris dominated the assemblage, ceramics were largely represented in the collection as well, comprising 36.2 percent (n=316) of the assemblage. The remaining assemblage included 17.1 percent glass (n=150), 3.0 percent metals (n=26), 2.5 percent organic material (n=22), 1.9 percent personal items (n=17), 1.7 percent “other” (n=15), and 0.8 percent lithics (n= 6).

Figure 25: Bar Graph Showing Artifact Assemblage Amounts.

Window glass and nails primarily represent the architectural artifacts. While inconclusive on a few pieces, post-industrial technologies were used to make the window glass retrieved from the site. Most nails were identified by type (99 percent). Both machine cut nails and ungalvanized wire nails were found on the historic property. Machine cut nails numbered (68 percent) the most in the collection and have machine cut heads (1840– 1890). No hand wrought nails (pre-1820s) were found within any shovel tests.

Figure 26: Artifacts Recovered from Investigation: Pipe Stem (Upper Left), Cufflink (Upper Right), Possible Colonoware (Bottom Left), and Button (Bottom Right).

A broad production range of ceramics was recovered from the Tudor Place property. Of the 316 ceramics collected, 241 were refined wares (76 percent) and 75 were coarse wares (24 percent). Several ceramic types found include Canton (1800–1830), Creamware (1762–1820), Hard paste porcelain (1660–1860), Jackfield-type (1740–1790), Pearlware (1775–1830), Rhenish (1650–1775), Rockingham (1830–1900), Yellowware (1830– 1940). A locally produced earthenware fragment was discovered next to the Tennis Lawn. The piece may be Colonoware, however further excavations in the area, with hopes of finding more of the ceramic, are needed to determine the actual type. Using date ranges found within the Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS) database, the mean ceramic date for the recovered ceramic fragments at Tudor Place is 1866 (Table 3, p. 39).

Glass recovered from the site largely consisted of clear vessel glass fragments (n=95). Most glass dates to the late-nineteenth to early-twentieth century. A total of six wine bottle glass fragments was recovered across the parcel. Only one complete bottle was found, within the dell, with an embossed label—“B-HAP-E.” Further research discovered this product came from a pharmaceutical remedy company based out of New York City in the late nineteenth century.

Several personal objects were found at the Tudor Place, strictly located around the house or rear yard. These artifacts include several buttons made from ceramic, glass, and milk glass, a porcelain baby doll fragment, and many pipe bowls and stems fragments. Perhaps the most intriguing of these artifacts is what appears to be a glass pipe stem fragment. The glass pipe stem was located in dirt fill beside the western side of the main house. Black glass makes up the stem and has a red glass coating on the outside.

Table 3: Mean Ceramic Date Table. Date Ceramic Type Decoration Count Range 1705– American Grey 2 1930 1800– Canton Handpainted / Underglaze / Blue 3 1830 1800– Canton Polychrome 2 1830 1785– Creamware Annular / Blue And Yellow 2 1820 1762– Creamware 17 1820 Hard Paste 1660– 5 Porcelain 1860 1840– Ironstone Molded Exterior 1 2000 Transfer-Printed / Underglazed / Blue / Guilded, 1880– Ironstone 1 Overglazed 2000 1840– Ironstone Transfer-Printed / Underglaze / Brown 1 2000 1840– Ironstone Transfer-Printed / Underglaze / Blue 3 2000 1840– Ironstone 19 2000 1740– Jackfield-Type "Oil-Guilded" / Overglaze 1 1790 1795– Pearlware Blue Willow Pattern / Underglazed 2 1830 Annular / Handpainted / Underglazed / Brown And 1795– Pearlware 1 Green 1830 Embossed Shell-Edged / Painted / Underglazed / 1780– Pearlware 3 Blue 1830 1775– Pearlware Handpainted / Underglaze / Blue 11 1830 1795– Pearlware Transfer-Printed / Underglaze / Blue 2 1830 1775– Pearlware 36 1830 1820– Porcellanous Handpainted / Underglaze / Blue 1 2000 Handpainted / Overglaze / Red, Yellow, Green, And 1820– Porcellanous 1 Blue 2000 1820– Porcellanous 14 2000 1600– Redware Unglazed 1 1800 1600– Redware Lead Glazed 4 1800 1600– Redware Washed Interior 2 1800

Date Ceramic Type Decoration Count Range 1650– Rhenish Incised Decoration With Cobalt Coloring 1 1775 1830– Rockingham "Rebekah At The Well" Design 1 1900 1830– Rockingham 1 1900 1820– Whiteware Sponge Painted / Underglazed / Red And Green 1 1930 1820– Whiteware Handpainted / Underglaze / Blue 14 2000 1820– Whiteware 84 2000 1830– Yellowware 5 1940 1830– Yellowware Annular / Blue, White And Brown 2 1940 Mean Ceramic Date = 1866 244

Four quartzite flakes and one quartz flake were recovered from the property; however, they do not represent a significant component within the assemblage and site. Also recovered during testing, a Narrow-stemmed Savannah River projectile point knapped from quartzite. This projectile point also plays an insignificant part as it was located within historic fill near the western side of the main house.

In turn, of the historic artifacts recovered at the Tudor Place, datable artifacts extend from the Late Archaic to the late-twentieth century. However, the majority of artifacts from the site date to the late-nineteenth/early-twentieth century. It is during this period that the Tudor Place is largely associated with Britannia Peter Kennon.

Analysis of the Project Area

The project involved a pedestrian survey and subsurface investigation of the entire Tudor Place property, excluding a small area surveyed by Dennis Pogue. The archaeological investigation of the 5.5-acre (2.2-hectare) parcel required the excavation of 222 shovel tests. The goals of the survey were to identify areas with probable buried structures and other cultural features, as well as locating areas with low artifact density and integrity. Archaeology was employed to survey the entire parcel as the property had never been the subject of such an intense survey. The Tudor Place Foundation hopes to use the information recovered from testing to use as a base point for future archaeological research as well as help related information from past archaeological work.

Due to extensive landscaping, both formal and informal, of the property, limited information was gathered from the pedestrian survey, however subsurface testing provided a plethora of data. While few buried culture features were identified, many interesting artifacts were discovered, and several distribution patterns revealed—suggesting many uses of the land during the past (Figure 27, p. 41).

Figure 27: Labels of Formal Landscaped Areas Shown on STP Location Aerial.

Discovered at a depth of 13 inches (33 cm) in STP N2000 E1950 was an intact brick walk. Found on the northeastern side of the main house, the walk was found approximately 1 foot (0.3 m) away from a current brick walk that surrounds the house (Figure 28). This discovery suggests that a brick path existed in the area although the exact width was not determined during the current survey. This feature does reveal that the ground level at the house used to be significantly lower and was filled during some point. The fill was a result of several episodes, known through identification of many stratigraphic levels found above the brick path, excluding a humus layer. Further excavations can determine the extent of the pathway, and possibly provide a date, for future historic landscape restoration.

Figure 28: Location of STP Containing Buried Pathway in Relation to Main House, Looking Southwest.

Located within the southern portion of the dell, found on the western side of the property, a thick burn layer was excavated in two STPs (N2050 E1725 and N2050 E1750). Artifact density greatly increased in the area (n=42), mainly amplified by architectural debris. Research shows a building used to stand where the present-day garage rests. The garage was built in 1913, with the addition of a large retaining wall added in the 1960s. It appears that the historic building burned prior to construction of the garage. Due to limited testing, it is unclear if the structure accidently burned while standing or was reduced to ashes as part of a purposeful demolition effort. Regardless, the area containing evidence of a burning event is very confined. Further excavations in the area will reveal whether the building burned pre- or post-demolition. Data from the burned building will be restricted though, as the garage and retaining wall were built on, at least partially, the footprint of the burned structure. In addition, while not apparent in the shovel tests, the stratigraphic integrity may be diminished from the soil destruction for garage and retaining wall construction.

Burned Area

Figure 29: Location of Known Burned Area within Dell, Looking North.

Immediately west of the Tennis Lawn, archaeologists discovered several buttons, a brass hasp, and a locally produced earthenware fragment. While uncertain, the ceramic fragment may be Colonoware, however this can only be proven through further excavation and recovery of more examples. Even with further research, a definite identification of the ceramic may not result. Regardless, compared to the project area, these artifacts stand out due to their close proximity to each other, accompanied by the common relation to domesticity. Although the area has seen significant changes in landscape, the soils are

relatively intact, possibly holding information to servant life at Tudor Place (Figure 30, p. 44).

Once GIS mapping was completed, as well as artifact analysis, archaeologist examined the distribution patterns of artifacts across the parcel. Using SURFER, a spatial mapping program, artifact types were selected and then processed resulting in maps showing heaviest concentrations. At the Phase I level, this tool provides the most informative data for interpretation on significant areas holding the most archaeological value. The maps provide predictive data to assist in decisions of future work. For the current study, seven maps were generated, containing the distribution of temporally diagnostic artifacts (eighteenth century and Antebellum) and artifact type (ceramic [all, refined, and coarse], personal, and architectural).

Areas found with low artifact densities provide as much information as areas with high artifact densities, helping to understand land use in particular areas of the site. In all cases, the front yard lacks artifact density; this is due to slope, the continual use of the front yard for ornamental/vista purposes, and the traditional use of rear yards for domestic activities. Several areas in the rear yard were also void of artifacts, including the flower knot and boxwood ellipses. Through the repetitive efforts of improving the formal landscape, Phase I testing reveals that these areas have been stripped of most archaeological information.

Figure 30: View of Tennis Lawn and Location of Several Domestic-type Artifacts, Looking North.

Common through all SURFER maps, eighteenth-century artifacts are sparse amongst the front yard. A few artifact clusters exist around the main house, including a cluster along the western side, near the original, Lowndes-era structure. It is interesting to note a small collection of artifacts near the eastern side of the main house, in the vicinity of a known brick kiln. The findings are supported by the collection of artifacts recovered during archaeological survey 51NW134.3. The most archaeologically intriguing area, and a repeating theme throughout many other maps, is east of the central pathway of the rear yard. Heavy concentrations of eighteenth-century artifacts exist north of the 31st Street entry path and south of the administration office building (Figure 31). Antebellum artifact distribution patterns closely follow that of the eighteenth-century artifacts with clusters still located around the house and found in the eastern half of the rear yard, although at a lesser density (Figure 32, p. 46).

Figure 31: Eighteenth Century Artifact Distribution SURFER Map. Note highlighted areas of interest.

The appearance of artifact clusters from both temporal periods on the east and west sides of the main house, suggests a constant occupancy in the area. This is further supported by the knowledge of the mansion containing the Lowndes-era structures as wings. Just as the area surrounding the house suggests activity within the same area, surprisingly so does the area of the Tennis Lawn. With a slope leading up to the house on the south side, it can be assumed that the space witnessed little use other than ornamental/vista purposes for both Lowndes and Peter families. Archaeological evidence sustains this interpretation as few artifacts were recovered in the front yard. Therefore, areas of domestic needs were likely restricted to the rear (north) yard for both families. As such, the artifacts display this common usage through temporal periods.

Figure 32: Antebellum Artifact Distribution SURFER Map. Note highlighted areas of interest.

When reviewing distribution of all ceramics, the pattern of heavy concentrations in the eastern rear yard continues. Within this section of the yard, the highest artifact clusters are north, south, and west of the Tennis Lawn. This pattern illustrates the removal of archaeological information through ground leveling for the construction of the tennis courts in 1888. Perhaps most surprising is the lack of ceramics along the western side of the main house, outside of the kitchen. Most likely, the lack of ceramics is a result of efforts to keep a clean yard around the main house. The highest concentration of ceramics is within the dell, located along 32nd Street in the rear yard. With the recovery of many late nineteenth-/early twentieth-century artifacts, the dell appears to have served as a dump. Due to the limited usage of dump sites, debris can retain a larger size than generally witnessed in subsurface excavations. The northern area within the dell is interpreted as a dump for this as a whole bottle and large plate fragments were recovered. In places of use, artifacts generally become smaller by fragmenting due to contact with an object (i.e., plow) (Figure 33).

Figure 33: Ceramic Artifact Distribution SURFER Map. Note highlighted areas of interest.

After studying the distribution of all ceramics, the collection was divided into two types— coarse and refined—with SURFER maps made of each. Coarsewares are low-fired and very porous, resulting in the need of a surface glaze to waterproof the vessels. Generally, coarsewares functioned as utilitarian and kitchen wares. Unlike coursewares, refined ceramics were finely made and fired at higher temperatures. Refined-wares were an attempt by European potters to emulate Chinese porcelains. Overall, the number of coarse ceramics found is low with the only heavy concentration being located within the dell. The lack of coarsewares can be associated with the wealth and social-standing of the Peter family, as coarse ceramics are of lower quality (Figure 34). Refined ceramics, however, appear in clusters throughout the rear yard and house surround. As noted in the previous paragraph, a heavy concentration of refined ceramics is located in the eastern rear yard. Nearly every STP in this area recovered a refined ceramic, excluding the area where a tennis court once existed. Clusters of refined ceramics are also on both the eastern and western sides of the main house (Figure 35, p. 49).

Figure 34: Coarse Ceramic Artifact Distribution SURFER Map. Note highlighted areas of interest.

Figure 35: Refined Ceramic Artifact Distribution SURFER Map. Note highlighted areas of interest.

Another category of artifact distribution studied was personal remains. This category included, pipe stems and bowls, button (ceramic, glass, and milk glass), porcelain baby doll fragments, and a cufflink. The map shows no surprise distributions as the personal items were recovered from around the main house, the area of interest in the eastern rear yard, and the neighboring house (museum administrative office building). The cufflink, recovered in STP N2050 E1825, is marked by light distribution found west of the boxwood ellipses (Figure 36, p. 50). Excavations resulted in numerous artifacts of interest around the main house, primarily next to the west wing. The wing and surrounding area contains the longest known use of land within the parcel, making the finds particularly significant.

Figure 36: Personal Artifact Distribution SURFER Map. Note highlighted areas of interest.

Of all artifact distribution types, architectural artifacts provide the most fascinating map, providing insight to the possible location of past buildings (Figure 37, p. 51). Starting in the western rear yard, within the dell, is a collection north of the garage. This area not only contained high density architectural debris, but also a thick burn layer. Looking at historic maps of the property (Figure 38, p. 52), these remains are likely from the aforementioned building that once stood where the garage stands. Although unclear if burned in place or demolished and then burned, high levels of the structure remains in the area. However, not all of the structure’s footprint can be exposed as the garage was built on top of it in 1913 and a retaining wall was added on the northern side in 1967 during building improvement efforts.

Figure 37: Architectural Artifact Distribution SURFER Map. Note highlighted areas of interest.

The heaviest concentration of architectural debris is located in the western portion of the flower knot and circle garden. The cluster consists largely of window glass, along with a few machine cut nails with machine cut heads (1840–1890). No other architectural remains were found in the area to suggest the location of a building. Mixed with the constant changing of the formal gardens, little archaeological information can likely be gained from this area (Figure 39, p. 53). The removal of archaeological information due to landscaping is clearly seen in this area. While significant artifact recovery occurred near the circle garden and flower knot, no artifacts were found in the bowling green. Although resting at a lower elevation than the circle garden and flower knot, the bowling green area was terraced to form the necessary leveled surface for the green. During land

removal for the bowling green, it is likely that all artifacts, associated with the adjacent area of interest, were removed as well.

While scattered, architectural remains were collected in the eastern half of the rear yard— the area of most interest. Although architectural concentrations are low, the possibility of a structure within the area is plausible, however, more testing is needed. In addition, soils in the area contained moderate to heavy brick flecking. Given the extensive use of bricks throughout the property, this information cannot be solely relied upon. That said, the area appears as a constant location of identified activity throughout most distribution maps. Archival research also shows a building in the area on the historic Boschke map of Washington, D.C (Figure 39, p. 53).

Architectural artifacts around and in front of the main house are low in density. This is a result of the house still standing in good condition, and the effort to keep a clean yard in the area. Although not collected in the field, but written within field notes, another area with high brick flecking is located to the east of the main house. This heavy flecking is due to a historic brick kiln located in the area. The grouping found to the southeast of the main house is made of broken window glass, providing little information as it is located downhill from the main house and no other artifact clusters appear in the area.

Figure 38: 1887 Hopkins Map of Tudor Place with Barn Located to the West (O’Donnell 2002).

Possible Structure located in Eastern Rear Yard.

Two Possible Structures located in Main Western Rear Yard. House

Figure 39: 1863 Boschke Map Showing Location of Outbuilding in Rear (North) Yard. Note the (unknown use) outbuildings, circled in red, north of Tudor Place, referenced in text (University of Maryland 2009).

Recommendations of Future Work

Through the intensive Phase I survey, Dovetail was able to indentify several locales across the property for future archaeological work. The potential for significant data is high within the areas, given the rarity to capture archaeological information on a house site that transformed from a rural plantation to an urban estate, while remaining within one family. Information that can possibly be gained may relate to: the yard usage throughout the house’s transformation from rural setting to urban, location of past outbuildings, information on servants and slaves, and the general lifestyle and social-stance of the Peter family. In all, four areas were identified, all found around the house or rear yard, and have the potential to yield significant information to the house. While not to be disregarded, the area surrounding the entire main house is not highlighted due to the several factors: multiple areas around the foundation have already been surveyed, STPs resulted in low artifact density likely due to the good condition of the house and the effort

to maintain a clean yard immediately surrounding the house, and the soils are disturbed from decades of house improvements and landscaping.

Area 1: As shown throughout several SURFER maps, an area of particular interest appears in the eastern half of the rear yard. With the excavation of heavy domestic artifact concentrations, along with a structure being mapped in the area in 1856, it is likely that further archaeological work will identify structural remains. Added to this data are the findings of possible Colonoware, several sewing relics, and many other domestic artifacts. Given the known existence of servants, both free and enslaved, and the above information, further excavation may reveal a structure (Figure 40, p. 55).

Area 2: Located along the western side of the main house is Area 2. STPs excavated in this area recovered several pieces of pearlware and creamware and even a possible glass pipe stem. Written records state that the west wing of the main house was originally an independent structure, first lived in by Francis Lowndes in the late-eighteenth century. A test unit and three shovel tests were excavated under the floor within the structure in a 2006 survey. With the 2006 survey testing only the interior of the kitchen addition, more data recovery potential may exist along the exterior of the structure’s foundation and surrounding yard. Exterior excavations may show construction methods of the house, as well as pertaining to both the Lowndes and Peter families. With the longest known continued use of the parcel in this area, significant discoveries could be uncovered. Many historic outbuildings are also within this area, thus excavation may provide further insight of building use through the history of the Tudor Place (Figure 40, p. 55).

Area 3: Identified on the Boschke map are (unknown use) outbuildings within the area west of the flower knot and circle garden. Excavations recovered high numbers of window glass and several nails in the area. These artifacts could be the remains of one of the mapped buildings. While it is worth further exploring this possibility, the chance of intact data is relatively low due to ground disturbances from formal landscaping. To the east of the area is a flower knot and circle garden, both of which experienced significant change, as well as multiple replanting. To the west is a steep slope leading to a terrace that was leveled for a bowling green. With these land altering changes, it is likely that archaeological data has been stripped. However, there is still the possibility of structural remains in the area, especially with the high number of architectural artifacts recovered during the current survey (Figure 40, p. 55).

Area 4: Located in the western half of the rear yard is Area 4. Known as the dell, the area is not formally landscaped and hosts several mature trees. Two points of interest are found within this location. To the north is a possible dump site used during the late nineteenth/early twentieth centuries. From the area, Dovetail recovered several large artifacts including a whole bottle and large plate fragments. Further excavation within the dump site could provide information on the type of consumer goods the Peter family used during this era. Such data could reflect on not only the consumer type of the Peter family, but also of other wealthy Georgetown residents.

To the south in the dell is a burn layer, identified as possible remains to a building that once stood in the vicinity. Although the footprint has partially been rebuilt upon, shovel tests reveal that archaeological information on the structure extends north of the garage. From the shovel tests, archaeologists recovered high numbers of artifacts including structural remains (Figure 40).

Area 4 Area 1

Area 3

Area 2

Figure 40: Aerial of Tudor Place with Location of Areas of Suggested Future Work.

SUMMARY

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APPENDIX A: SHOVEL TEST CATALOGUE

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Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth MG 1625 2050 I 0 10 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1625 2050 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1625 2075 I 0 5 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1625 2075 II 5 9 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1625 2100 I 0 10 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 1 ceramic, 1 glass 12/3/2010 HL MG 1625 2100 II 10 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 1975 I 0 6 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 1975 II 6 11 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2000 I 0 9 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 1 glass 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2000 II 9 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2025 I 0 10 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2025 II 10 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2050 I 0 10 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 1 nail 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2050 II 10 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2075 I 0 9 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay On slope near large tree base 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2075 II 9 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2100 I 0 7 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 1 glass 12/3/2010 HL MG 1650 2100 II 7 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL HL 1675 1675 I 0 13 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Excavation halted: root impass 12/3/2010 MG HL 1675 1700 I 0 14 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1675 1700 II 14 19 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 MG Excavation halted: root impass, offset 3' N due to large HL 1675 1725 I 0 13 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 hole- possible rodent MG HL 1675 1725 II 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 MG Excavation halted: gravel layer, located near edge of cut MG 1675 1775 I 0 5 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 landform HL

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth MG 1675 1775 II 5 7 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1675 1800 I 0 8 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1675 1800 II 8 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1675 1825 I 0 8 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1675 1825 II 8 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL Offset due to tree base, not collected: oyster shell, mortar, MG 1675 1850 I 0 8 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 1 ceramic 12/3/2010 brick, coal HL MG 1675 1850 II 8 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1675 1875 I 0 6 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 HL MG 1675 1875 II 6 10 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 HL HL 1675 1900 I 0 10 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 1900 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 1925 I 0 10 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 1925 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 1950 I 0 9 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Offset 1' E: irrigation control valve 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 1950 II 9 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 1975 I 0 7 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 1975 II 7 11 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2000 I 0 12 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2000 II 12 15 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2000 III 15 19 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2025 I 0 10 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 1 window glass 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2025 II 10 12 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2025 III 12 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2050 I 0 13 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2050 II 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 68

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth HL 1675 2075 I 0 7 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2075 II 7 11 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2100 I 0 5 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2100 II 5 7 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1675 2100 III 7 11 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 1 spoon, 2 ceramic, 1 HL 1700 1725 I 0 11 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 nail, 4 glass MG HL 1700 1725 II 11 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1700 1750 I 0 12 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1700 1750 II 12 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1700 1750 III 18 25 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 2 cut nails 12/3/2010 MG HL 1700 1750 IV 25 29 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1700 1775 I 0 12 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay Moderate brick 12/2/2010 MG HL 1700 1775 II 12 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 1800 I 0 16 Moderate brick 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1700 1800 II 16 30 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1700 1800 III 30 34 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG

10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 1825 I 0 14 1 glass Moderate brick 12/2/2010 loam w/ clay inclusion 2.5YR 4/6 red clay MG

HL 1700 1825 II 14 28 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1700 1825 III 28 32 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 1850 I 0 9 Moderate brick 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1700 1850 II 9 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 1875 I 0 10 1 ceramic Moderate brick 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1700 1875 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 1900 I 0 14 1 ceramic 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1700 1900 II 14 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1700 1925 I 0 11 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay I ceramic Moderate brick 12/2/2010 MG HL 1700 1925 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty 1 window glass, 1 green HL 1700 1950 I 0 7 12/2/2010 loam glass MG HL 1700 1950 II 7 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 1975 I 0 10 Excavation halted: root impass 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1700 1975 II 10 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 2000 I 0 13 Offset 2' E for tree 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1700 2000 II 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 2025 I 0 12 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1700 2025 II 12 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 2050 I 0 11 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1700 2050 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty 1 green glass, 1 nail, 1 HL 1700 2075 I 0 13 12/2/2010 loam glass MG HL 1700 2075 II 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1700 2100 I 0 13 1 glass 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1700 2100 II 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1725 1725 I 0 5 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1725 1725 II 5 7 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1725 1725 III 7 9 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1725 1725 IV 9 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 MG

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 1750 I 0 10 1 glass Not collected: plastic 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 1750 I 0 12 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1725 1750 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1725 1750 II 12 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 30% rock 12/3/2010 MG HL 1725 1750 III 17 24 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 30% rock 12/3/2010 MG HL 1725 1750 IV 24 28 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/3/2010 MG HL 1725 1775 Not excavated: mulch pile 12/2/2010 MG HL 1725 1800 Not excavated: mulch pile 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 1825 I 0 10 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 1825 II 10 16 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1725 1825 III 16 21 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 1850 I 0 14 1 window glass 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 1850 II 14 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 1875 I 0 11 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 1875 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 1900 I 0 9 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 1900 II 9 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay Excavation halted: root impass 12/2/2010 MG mottled fill cap: 2.5YR 4/6 red clay w/ HL 1725 1925 I 0 2 12/2/2010 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay MG

10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 1925 II 2 13 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 1925 III 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 1950 I 0 10 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 1950 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 1975 I 0 11 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 1975 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 2000 I 0 14 1 nail 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 2000 II 14 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 2025 I 0 10 Not collected: large brick fragments 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 2025 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 2050 I 0 10 1 slate 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 2050 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 2075 I 0 9 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 2075 II 9 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1725 2100 I 0 11 Large root 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1725 2100 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1750 1825 I 0 19 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay Excavation halted: root impass 12/2/2010 MG HL 1750 1825 II 19 22 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1750 1850 I 0 12 10YR 3/3 dark brown silty clay Offset 3' N due to drainage 12/2/2010 MG HL 1750 1850 II 12 19 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1750 1850 III 19 23 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG mottled fill cap: 2.5YR 4/6 red clay w/ HL 1750 1875 I 0 2 1 window glass 12/2/2010 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay MG HL 1750 1875 II 2 21 10YR 3/3 dark brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1750 1875 III 21 24 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1750 1875 IV 24 29 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1750 1900 I 0 13 Excavation halted: tree root 12/2/2010 loam MG

mottled fill cap: 2.5YR 4/6 red clay w/ HL 1750 1925 I 0 3 1 metal Located 5' W of overflow cistern 12/2/2010 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay MG

10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1750 1925 II 3 15 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1750 1925 III 15 19 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1750 1950 I 0 10 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1750 1950 II 10 13 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1750 1950 III 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1750 1975 I 0 11 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1750 1975 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1750 2000 I 0 12 1 nail 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1750 2000 II 12 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1750 2025 I 0 13 Excavation halted: large tree root 12/2/2010 loam MG

10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1750 2050 I 0 14 3 glass Excavation halted: tree root 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1750 2050 II 14 18 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silty HL 1750 2075 I 0 11 12/2/2010 loam MG HL 1750 2075 II 11 14 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1750 2075 III 14 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG mottled fill cap: 2.5YR 4/6 red clay w/ HL 1775 1825 I 0 4 2 ceramic Irrigation pipe along S of STP from E to W 12/2/2010 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay MG HL 1775 1825 I 0 7 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1775 1825 II 7 11 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1775 1825 II 4 13 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/2/2010 MG

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth HL 1775 1825 III 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG HL 1775 1850 I 0 13 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay Not collected: plastic 12/2/2010 MG HL 1775 1850 II 13 15 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 1 glass 12/2/2010 MG HL 1775 1850 III 15 19 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG mottled fill cap: 2.5YR 4/6 red clay w/ MG 1775 1925 I 0 3 12/1/2010 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay HL MG 1775 1925 II 3 7 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1775 1925 III 7 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1775 1950 I 0 9 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL HL 1775 1950 I 0 11 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 1 whiteware 12/2/2010 MG MG 1775 1950 II 9 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL HL 1775 1950 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/2/2010 MG MG 1775 1975 I 0 9 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1775 1975 II 9 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1775 2000 I 0 10 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1775 2000 II 10 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1775 2025 Not excavated: located w/in large Tulip Poplar tree base 12/1/2010 HL MG 1775 2075 I 0 7 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1775 2075 II 7 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1825 I 0 6 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay Located in front of garage 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1825 II 6 10 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1825 III 10 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1850 I 0 8 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 2 glass Contained light coal & brick flecking 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1850 II 8 13 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1875 I 0 10 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay shotgun cap, 1 glass Contained light coal & brick flecking 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1875 II 10 15 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay 12/1/2010 HL 74

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

E half of STP falls w/in disturbed trench corridor, MG 1800 1900 I 0 9 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 contained light coal & brick flecking HL MG 1800 1900 II 9 13 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay 12/1/2010 HL mottled fill cap: 2.5YR 4/6 red clay w/ MG 1800 1925 I 0 3 Contained light coal & brick flecking 12/1/2010 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay HL MG 1800 1925 II 3 8 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1925 III 8 12 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1950 I 0 7 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 1 ceramic Contained light coal & brick flecking 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1950 II 7 13 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1975 I 0 7 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 1975 II 7 13 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 2000 I 0 9 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 2000 II 9 14 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 2025 I 0 10 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay Excavation halted: large tree roots 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 2025 II 10 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 2050 I 0 8 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 2050 II 8 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 2075 I 0 8 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1800 2075 II 8 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 1825 I 0 6 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 1825 II 6 10 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL Contained light coal & brick flecking, offset slightly due MG 1825 1850 I 0 6 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 to irrigation corridor HL MG 1825 1850 II 6 11 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL mottled fill cap: 2.5YR 4/6 red clay w/ Contained light coal & brick flecking, offset slightly due MG 1825 1875 I 0 2 12/1/2010 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay to irrigation corridor HL MG 1825 1875 II 2 6 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 2 ceramic 12/1/2010 HL

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth MG 1825 1875 III 6 10 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 1875 IV 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 1900 II 0 6 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 1 ceramic 12/1/2010 HL Offset to S due to irrigation line located approximately 6' MG 1825 1900 III 6 10 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 12/1/2010 deep along N edge of stp, brick flecking throughout HL

mottled 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay MG 1825 1900 IV 10 14 12/1/2010 w/ 2.5YR 4/6 red clay HL

Not excavated: capped to reveal disturbance from utility MG 1825 1925 I 12/1/2010 trench HL MG 1825 1950 I 0 6 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 2 slate, 1 ceramic Offset due to vicinity to buried electrical corridor 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 1950 II 6 11 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay glass slag, 1 ceramic 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 1950 III 11 15 2.5YR 4/2 weak red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 1975 I 0 7 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 1 glass Heavy brick & coal flecking 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 1975 II 7 12 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay Heavy brick & coal flecking 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 1975 III 12 16 2.5YR 4/2 weak red clay 12/1/2010 HL 1 ceramic, 1 nail, 1 slate, MG 1825 2000 I 0 10 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Heavy brick & coal flecking 12/1/2010 4 glass HL MG 1825 2000 II 10 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 2025 I 0 6 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay light coal 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 2025 II 6 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 2050 I 0 8 7.5YR 4/2 brown silty clay loam 1 nail Contained coal flecks 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 2050 II 8 11 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay Excavation halted due to layer of large cobble 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 2075 I 0 4 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Contained coal flecks 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 2075 II 4 10 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown sandy clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1825 2075 III 10 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1850 1825 I 0 8 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1850 1825 II 8 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

Excavation halted: tree roots near W ground cover w/ MG 1850 1850 I 0 6 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 12/1/2010 shrubs plot HL MG 1850 1850 II 6 8 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1850 1875 I 0 9 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay Offset due to boxwoods in garden area 12/1/2010 HL MG 1850 1875 II 9 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL HL 1850 1900 I 0 15 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 2 ceramic Moderate brick & coal, not collected: oyster shell 11/30/2010 MG HL 1850 1900 II 15 19 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG mottled fill cap: 2.5YR 4/6 red clay w/ HL 1850 1925 I 0 12 11/30/2010 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay MG

mottled 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown HL 1850 1925 II 12 16 11/30/2010 sandy clay & 10YR 2/1 black silty clay MG

2 glass, 2 whiteware, 1 HL 1850 1950 I 0 13 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Moderate brick & coal 11/30/2010 nail MG HL 1850 1950 II 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1850 1975 I 0 14 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 6 glass, 4 slate Moderate brick & coal 11/30/2010 MG HL 1850 1975 II 14 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1850 2000 I 0 12 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1850 2000 II 12 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1850 2025 I 0 13 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Not collected: 1 metal washer 11/30/2010 MG HL 1850 2025 II 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1850 2050 I 0 12 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 1 ceramic 11/30/2010 MG HL 1850 2050 II 12 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG MG 1875 1825 Not excavated: sloped edge of brick patio 12/1/2010 HL MG 1875 1850 I 0 9 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay 1 redware 12/1/2010 HL MG 1875 1850 II 9 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1875 1875 I 0 8 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay Excavation halted: tree root 12/1/2010 HL MG 1875 1875 II 8 10 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

Not collected: oyster shell, offset due to smoke bush, HL 1875 1900 I 0 10 7.5YR 4/3 brown silty clay glass 12/1/2010 located in W ground cover w/ shrubs plot MG HL 1875 1900 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 MG Mica flecking, located at edge of what appears to be a mottled fill cap: 2.5YR 4/6 red clay w/ HL 1875 1925 I 0 2 previously excavated & filled trench. Slope from W to E, 11/30/2010 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay MG trench starts on E side of STP

mottled 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown & HL 1875 1925 II 2 8 11/30/2010 10YR 2/1 black silty clay MG HL 1875 1925 III 8 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1875 1950 I 0 10 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1875 1950 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1875 1975 I 0 10 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 1 ceramic, 1 slate Light brick & coal flecking 11/30/2010 MG HL 1875 1975 II 10 14 7.5 YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1875 1975 III 14 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG Charcoal flecking, located in W ground cover w/ shrubs MG 1875 2000 I 0 6 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 12/1/2010 plot HL MG 1875 2000 II 6 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1875 2025 I 0 7 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Located in W ground cover w/ shrubs plot 12/1/2010 HL MG 1875 2025 II 7 13 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL HL 1875 2050 I 0 12 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1875 2050 II 12 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG MG 1900 1850 Not excavated: flagstone path 12/1/2010 HL MG 1900 1875 I 0 10 2.5YR 3/2 dusky red silty clay Excavation halted: tree root 12/1/2010 HL MG 1900 1875 II 10 11 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL 1 ceramic, 1 slate, 2 HL 1900 1900 I 0 10 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 11/30/2010 window glass, 2 glass MG HL 1900 1900 II 10 14 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1900 1925 I 0 11 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 1 slate, 2 glass, 2 ceramic Moderate brick & coal, not collected: oyster shell 11/30/2010 MG HL 1900 1925 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth 1 glass, 3 window glass, HL 1900 1950 I 0 11 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 2 ceramic, 4 nails, 1 UID Moderate brick & coal, not collected: oyster shell 11/30/2010 MG metal, 1 slate HL 1900 1950 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG 3 whiteware, 3 redware, HL 1900 1975 I 0 13 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 1 window glass, 5 glass, Moderate brick & coal, not collected: oyster shell 12/1/2010 MG 2 bone HL 1900 1975 II 13 17 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 MG HL 1900 2000 I 0 14 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Located in E ground cover & trees plot 11/30/2010 MG HL 1900 2000 II 14 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG 3 glass, 2 ceramic, 1 UID MG 1900 2025 I 0 7 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Offset beyond edge of W ground cover w/ shrubs plot 12/1/2010 metal HL MG 1900 2025 II 7 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL MG 1900 2050 I 0 4 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Contained brick & coal 12/1/2010 HL MG 1900 2050 II 4 8 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown sandy clay Contained gravel 12/1/2010 HL MG 1900 2050 III 8 12 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 12/1/2010 HL 1 glass, 2 window glass, Not collected: 2 oyster fragments, light density brick & MG 1925 1875 I 0 11 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 11/29/2010 1 redware, 5 slate coal; located 11' from edge of brick walkway HL MG 1925 1875 II 11 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/29/2010 HL Contained light density brick & coal, located 10' from MG 1925 1900 I 0 12 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 5 slate, 1 glass, 1 ceramic 11/29/2010 brick walkway HL MG 1925 1900 II 12 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/29/2010 HL 3 creamware, 2 slate, 1 MG 1925 1925 I 0 11 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay brown glass, 3 window Contained light brick flecking 11/29/2010 HL glass, 2 redware Halted due to impenetrable gravel & cobble layer MG 1925 1925 II 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay possibly associated w/ buried electrical corridor located 11/29/2010 HL nearby MG 1925 1950 I 0 10 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 3 class, 1 ceramic Contained light density brick & coal fragments 11/29/2010 HL MG 1925 1950 II 10 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/29/2010 HL 1 pipe stem, 3 slate, 5 Light brick & coal flecking with occasional mortar MG 1925 1975 I 0 13 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay window glass, 1 glass, 5 11/29/2010 fragments HL ceramic MG 1925 1975 II 13 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/29/2010 HL

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth Bone fragment, 1 MG 1925 2000 I 0 8 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay ceramic, 2 window glass, 11/29/2010 HL 1 bottle cap liner HL 1925 2000 II 8 11 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1925 2000 III 11 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG 1 UID metal, 2 slate, 4 HL 1925 2025 I 0 9 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 11/30/2010 glass,1 window glass MG HL 1925 2025 II 9 12 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1925 2025 III 12 16 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG 1 ceramic, 2 glass, 1 Light brick & coal flecking with occasional mortar HL 1925 2050 I 0 12 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 11/30/2010 window glass fragments MG HL 1925 2050 II 12 15 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1925 2050 III 15 19 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1950 2000 Not excavated: brick patio 11/30/2010 MG 1 ceramic, 1 window HL 1950 2025 I 0 11 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay Minimal coal & brick flecking 11/30/2010 glass, 4 glass MG HL 1950 2025 II 11 14 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1950 2025 III 14 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG 2 ceramic, 5+ redware Light brick & coal flecking with occasional mortar HL 1950 2050 I 0 11 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay 11/30/2010 fragments, 1 nail fragments MG HL 1950 2050 II 11 14 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1950 2050 III 14 18 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 1975 2000 Not excavated: brick patio 11/30/2010 MG 6 whiteware, 2 glass, 2 HL 1975 2025 I 0 9 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay yellow ware, 3 window Partial brick fragments throughout 11/30/2010 MG glass HL 1975 2025 II 9 15 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG 2 whiteware, 1 ceramic, 2 HL 1975 2050 I 0 14 7.5YR 3/2 dark brown silty clay High brick concentration 11/30/2010 glass MG 4 porcelain, 1 redware, 1 At interface w/ L.1 higher brick concentration likely HL 1975 2050 II 14 23 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 11/30/2010 glass, associated with kiln located at SE corner of house MG HL 1975 2050 III 23 28 2.5YR 4/6 red clay 11/30/2010 MG 2000 1800 Not excavated: trash house KB CD 12/1/2010 2000 1825 I 0 4 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth 2 bone, 2 ceramic, 3 Light density brick flecks & fragments, light density 2000 1825 II 4 27 7.5YR 5/3 brown silty loam window glass, 1 glass, 9 KB CD 12/1/2010 charcoal fragments, light density stone fragments pipe/brick fragments orange-brown clay loam (7.5YR 5/6 strong 2000 1825 III 27 31 KB CD 12/1/2010 brown clay loam)

Not excavated: stone boundary wall on W of N lawn, E 2000 1850 of Bowling Green, excavated judgementals to E of line to KB CD 12/1/2010 sample area

disturbed- mottled brown, orange brown, tan & gray brown sand, silt & clay (10YR 1 ceramic, 1 window 2000 1875 I 0 9 5/3 brown sand, 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow KB CD 11/30/2010 glass, 1 slate clay, 10YR 6/3 pale brown silty, 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silt)

disturbed-bright red orange sandy clay 2000 1875 II 9 13 KB CD 11/30/2010 (2.5YR 4/6 red)

disturbed- mottled brown, orange brown, tan & gray brown sand, silt & clay (10YR 3 window glass, 1 Excavation halted: deep disturbance & possible waterline 2000 1900 I 0 19 5/3 brown sand, 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow KB CD 11/30/2010 ceramic in area clay, 10YR 6/3 pale brown silty, 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silt)

disturbed-bright red orange sandy clay 2000 1900 II 19 21 KB CD 11/30/2010 (2.5YR 4/6 red) 2000 1925 Not excavated: walkway KB CD 11/30/2010

mottled yellowish brown w/ brownish red 2000 1975 I 0 4 w/ red (10YR 5/4 yellowish brown, 5YR KB CD 11/29/2010 4/6 yellowish red, 2.5YR 4/6 red)

mottled yellowish brown w/ light yellowish 2000 1975 I 0 4 brown (10YR 5/4 yellowish brown, 10YR 1 ceramic Very compact KB CD 11/30/2010 6/4 light yellowish brown))

2000 1975 II 4 8 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay KB CD 11/29/2010 1 glass, 1 UID, 2flat 2000 1975 II 4 9 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay Coal present KB CD 11/30/2010 pressed metal

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

mottled yellowish brown w/ brownish red 2000 1975 III 8 12 w/ red (10YR 5/4 yellowish brown, 5YR KB CD 11/29/2010 4/6 yellowish red, 2.5YR 4/6 red)

mottled reddish brown w/brown (5YR 5/4 2000 1975 III 9 13 KB CD 11/30/2010 reddish brown w/ 10YR 5/3 brown)

HL 2000 2000 Not excavated: brick patio 11/30/2010 MG 2 yellow ware, 6 window glass, 2 UID metal, 1 HL 2000 2025 I 0 10 7.5YR 4/3 brown silty clay Located in general vicinity of storm drain line 11/30/2010 glass, 5 porcelain, 4 MG white ware HL 2000 2025 II 10 15 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay 1 brick/ceramic tile? 11/30/2010 MG HL 2000 2025 III 15 33 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 2000 2025 IV 33 37 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay 11/30/2010 MG HL 2000 2050 Not excavated: drainage & tree roots of mature magnolia 11/30/2010 MG 2025 1750 Not excavated: located at N wall of garage terrace KB CD 12/1/2010 2025 1800 Not excavated: gravel drive KB CD 12/1/2010 2025 1825 Not excavated: gravel drive KB CD 12/1/2010 Not excavated: stone boundary wall on W of N lawn, E 2025 1850 KB CD 12/1/2010 of Bowling Green 2025 1875 Not excavated: boxwoods KB CD 11/30/2010 2025 1900 Not excavated: boxwood circle KB CD 11/30/2010 gray-brown silty loam (10YR 5/2 grayish 2025 1925 I 0 7 Light density brick & coal flecking KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam)

mottled orange brown clay, gray brown silty loam, tan silty loam (7.5YR 6/6 Medium density charcoal flecks, light density charcoal 2025 1925 II 7 14 reddish yellow clay, 10YR 5/2 grayish KB CD 11/30/2010 fragments, light density brick flecks brown silty loam, 10YR 6/3 pale brown silty loam)

light orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2025 1925 III 14 24 Light density brick flecks KB CD 11/30/2010 reddish yellow clay loam)

light orange tan clay loam (7.5YR 6/4 light 2025 1925 IV 24 28 KB CD 11/30/2010 brown clay loam) 2025 1950 Not excavated: boxwood circle KB CD 11/30/2010 2025 1975 Not excavated: boxwoods on S side of drive KB CD 11/29/2010 82

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth 2025 2000 I 0 5 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay 1 ceramic, 2 glass Light density brick & coal flecking KB CD 11/29/2010 2025 2000 II 5 20 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay 1 ceramic KB CD 11/29/2010 2025 2000 III 20 24 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay KB CD 11/29/2010

2050 1725 I 0 5 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010

1 UID, 2 nails, 3 glass, 2050 1725 II 5 18 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010 13 window glass dark orange-brown (7.5YR 5/8 strong 2050 1725 III 18 22 KB CD 12/1/2010 brown clay loam)

2050 1750 I 0 7 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010

2050 1750 II 7 24 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam Burn layer: thick ask, charcoal, coal deposit KB CD 12/1/2010 dark orange-brown (7.5YR 5/8 strong 2050 1750 III 24 31 KB CD 12/1/2010 brown clay loam)

Not excavated: located on edge of terrace wall of 2 N-S 2050 1775 KB CD 12/1/2010 trellis walls to W sunken area 2050 1800 I 0 5 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010 1 spike, 1 UID metal, 4 2050 1800 II 5 19 7.5YR 5/3 brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010 bone, 7 ceramic orange-brown clay loam (7.5YR 5/6 strong 2050 1800 III 19 23 KB CD 12/1/2010 brown clay loam) 1 cufflink, 1 ceramic, 1 2050 1825 I 0 9 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010 glass, 1 shell orange-tan silty clay (7.5YR 6/6 reddish 2050 1825 II 9 13 KB CD 12/1/2010 yellow silty clay)

Not excavated: stone boundary wall on W of N lawn, E 2050 1850 KB CD 12/1/2010 of Bowling Green 2050 1875 Not excavated: Large holly KB CD 11/30/2010 2050 1900 Not excavated: gravel walk KB CD 11/30/2010 2050 1925 Not excavated: rim of boxwood circle KB CD 11/30/2010 2050 1950 Not excavated: boxwood circle KB CD 11/30/2010 2050 1975 Not excavated: gravel drive KB CD 11/29/2010 2050 2000 I 0 6 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay KB CD 11/29/2010 2050 2000 II 6 17 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay window glass Offset 5'N to drive KB CD 11/29/2010 2050 2000 III 17 21 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay KB CD 11/29/2010 2075 1725 I 0 10 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay CD KB 12/2/2010 2075 1750 I 0 4 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam Excavation halted: dense roots KB CD 12/1/2010

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

Not excavated: located on edge of terrace wall of 2 N-S 2075 1775 KB CD 12/1/2010 trellis walls to W sunken area 2075 1800 I 0 4 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 3 glass 1 ceramic KB CD 12/1/2010 2075 1800 II 4 14 7.5YR 5/3 brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010 orange-brown clay loam (7.5YR 5/6 strong 2075 1800 III 14 17 KB CD 12/1/2010 brown clay loam)

2075 1825 I 0 4 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty clay KB CD 12/1/2010

2075 1825 II 4 12 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010

light orange-brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2075 1825 III 12 15 KB CD 12/1/2010 reddish yellow clay loam

Not excavated: stone boundary wall on W of N lawn, E 2075 1850 KB CD 12/1/2010 of Bowling Green 1 glass, 1 window glass, gray-brown silty loam (10YR 5/3 grayish 2075 1875 I 0 6 1 bone, 1 ceramic, 1 nail, Light density charcoal flecking KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam) 1 rivet

disturbed orange-brown, brown & gray- brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/6 reddish 2075 1875 II 6 13 1 ceramic Brick & charcoal flecking KB CD 11/30/2010 yellow clay, 10YR 5/3 brown, 10YR 5/2 grayish brown)

gray-brown silty loam (10YR 5/2 grayish 2075 1875 III 13 20 Light density charcoal flecking KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam)

light orange tan clay loam (7.5YR 6/4 light 2075 1875 IV 20 24 KB CD 11/30/2010 brown clay loam) 2075 1900 Not excavated: in rosebush KB CD 11/30/2010 2075 1925 Not excavated: central walk KB CD 11/30/2010 gray brown silty loam 10YR 5/2 grayish 2075 1950 I 0 7 wire nail Light density brick & coal flecking KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam

yellow-brown silty loam (10YR 5/4 2075 1950 II 7 18 Light density brick & coal flecking KB CD 11/30/2010 yellowish brown silty loam

light orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2075 1950 III 18 24 KB CD 11/30/2010 reddish yellow clay loam) 2075 1975 I 0 8 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam ceramic Very compact KB CD 11/29/2010

light yellowish brown silty loam (10YR 2075 1975 II 8 24 KB CD 11/29/2010 6/4 light yellowish brown silty loam)

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

yellow reddish brown silty clay (7.5YR 6/8 2075 1975 III 24 28 KB CD 11/29/2010 reddish yellow silty clay)

mottled red-brown, strong brown, brown silty loam & silty clay (5YR 4/6 yellowish 1 green wine bottle glass, 2075 2000 I 0 6 KB CD 11/29/2010 red, 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown, 7.5YR 4/3 1 window glass brown)

2075 2000 II 6 14 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay 1 ceramic, 1 glass KB CD 11/29/2010 2075 2000 III 14 22 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay KB CD 11/29/2010 2075 2000 IV 22 27 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay KB CD 11/29/2010

2075 2025 I 0 6 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam CD KB 12/2/2010

10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam 2075 2025 II 6 12 mottled w/ 7.5YR 5/3 brown silty loam & Medium density brick & coal fragments CD KB 12/2/2010 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown silty clay

tan silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown silty 2075 2025 III 12 25 Light density charcoal flecks CD KB 12/2/2010 loam)

dark orange-brown (7.5YR 5/8 strong 2075 2025 IV 25 29 CD KB 12/2/2010 brown clay loam) 2090 1860 I 0 9 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010 2090 1860 II 9 25 7.5YR 5/3 brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010 2090 1860 III 25 31 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow clay loam KB CD 12/1/2010 2100 1725 I 0 6 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay 1 nail, 2 glass, 1 ceramic CD KB 12/2/2010

2100 1725 II 6 12 5YR 5/3 reddish brown sandy silty loam 1 ceramic CD KB 12/2/2010

5YR 5/3 reddish brown sandy silty loam 2100 1725 III 12 30 mottled w/ 10YR 6/4 light yellowish Contained mica inclusions CD KB 12/2/2010 brown w/ 2.5YR 4/6 red clay silt loam

2100 1725 IV 30 36 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown silty loam CD KB 12/2/2010 2100 1750 Not excavated: NW edge of circular berm KB CD 12/1/2010 Not excavated: located on edge of terrace wall of 2 N-S 2100 1775 KB CD 12/1/2010 trellis walls to W sunken area 2100 1800 Not excavated: boxwood S of icehouse KB CD 12/1/2010 2100 1825 I 0 10 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 1 ceramic, 1 nail KB CD 12/1/2010

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

orange-tan silty clay (7.5YR 6/6 reddish 2100 1825 II 10 13 Excavation halted: disturbed soil KB CD 12/1/2010 yellow silty clay)

Not excavated: stone boundary wall on W of N lawn, E 2100 1850 KB CD 12/1/2010 of Bowling Green

2100 1875 I 0 5 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam 2 glass 1 brick, 4 ceramic Offset 6' E due to boxwood hedge KB CD 12/3/2010

gray brown (10YR 5/2 grayish brown) silty 2100 1875 II 5 8 KB CD 12/3/2010 loam

yellow brown clay silty loam (10YR 5/6 2100 1875 III 8 13 KB CD 12/3/2010 yellowish brown clay silty loam) 2100 1875 IV 13 20 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay KB CD 12/3/2010 2100 1875 V 20 26 10YR 5/3 brown clay silt KB CD 12/3/2010 brown yellow clay (10YR 6/6 brownish 2100 1875 VI 26 30 KB CD 12/3/2010 yellow clay) 1 nail, 2 slate, 1 ceramic, 2100 1900 I 0 5 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam 1 glass, 1 mortar, 1 KB CD 12/3/2010 window glass dark gray-brown silty loam (10YR 4/2 dark 1 green wine bottle glass, 2100 1900 II 5 14 KB CD 12/3/2010 grayish brown silty loam) 1 glass

yellow brown clay silty loam (10YR 5/6 1 nail, 1 bone, 1 flake, 3 2100 1900 III 14 22 KB CD 12/3/2010 yellowish brown clay silty loam) brick fragments

orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 5/6 strong 2100 1900 IV 22 26 KB CD 12/3/2010 brown clay loam)

Not excavated: flower knot in pathway, however all paths within knot have been trenched to 12" & contains a drain 2100 1900 pipe 4" deep- paths are lined w/ boxwoods & antique CD KB 12/2/2010 roses. Excavation not permitted by gardener near roses as may damage fragile root systems

2100 1925 Not excavated: central walk KB CD 11/30/2010

mottled brown, red-brown, tan clay (10YR 1 glass handle, 1 mortar, 2100 1950 I 0 8 5/3 brown, 5YR 5/4 reddish brown, 10YR KB CD 11/30/2010 1 window glass 6/3 pale brown)

dark tan silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown 4 window glass, 2 2100 1950 II 8 13 Light density charcoal flecks KB CD 11/30/2010 silty loam) ceramic

light orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2100 1950 III 13 17 KB CD 11/30/2010 reddish yellow clay loam) 2100 1975 I Not excavated: large boxwood KB CD 11/29/2010

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

mottled brown w/ red/brown (7.5YR 4/3 2100 2000 I 0 8 brown silty clay, 5YR 4/6 yellowish red Coal fragment at bottom of level KB CD 11/29/2010 silty clay)

Heavily disturbed silty clay w/ dark red 2100 2000 II 8 18 brown (5YR 3/3 dark reddish brown silty 2 ceramic KB CD 11/29/2010 clay)

yellowish brown silty sandy clay (10YR 2100 2000 III 18 26 2 glass, 1 ceramic KB CD 11/29/2010 5/4 yellowish brown)

orange yellowish sandy clay (7.5YR 6/6 2100 2000 IV 26 34 KB CD 11/29/2010 reddish yellow)

2100 2025 I 0 7 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam 1 glass CD KB 12/2/2010

10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam 2100 2025 II 7 13 mottled w/ 7.5YR 5/3 brown silty loam & 1 cut nail CD KB 12/2/2010 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown silty clay

tan silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown silty 2100 2025 III 13 28 CD KB 12/2/2010 loam)

dark orange-brown (7.5YR 5/8 strong 2100 2025 IV 28 32 CD KB 12/2/2010 brown clay loam) 1 window glass, 1 rivet, 2 bottle caps, 1 hinge, 1 2125 1725 I 0 9 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay CD KB 12/2/2010 shell, 30 ceramic, 22 glass, 9 nail

2125 1725 II 9 19 5YR 5/3 reddish brown sandy silty loam Excavation halted: rock, located 4' E of foot path CD KB 12/2/2010

2125 1750 Not excavated: NW edge of circular berm KB CD 12/1/2010 Not excavated: located on edge of terrace wall of 2 N-S 2125 1775 KB CD 12/1/2010 trellis walls to W sunken area

3 ceramic, 1 window 2125 1800 I 0 9 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam Excavation halted: dense roots KB CD 12/1/2010 glass, 2 glass

10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam w/ 2125 1825 I 0 4 medium density tan silty loam mottling KB CD 12/1/2010 10YR 6/3 pale brown silty loam)

4 ceramic, 3 window 2125 1825 II 4 10 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam Excavation halted: standing water KB CD 12/1/2010 glass, 1 drain pipe Not excavated: stone boundary wall on W of N lawn, E 2125 1850 KB CD 12/1/2010 of Bowling Green 87

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

Located within knot garden in NW corner 5'N of NE 2125 1875 I 0 8 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam 2 glass CD KB 12/2/2010 most path in knot garden

2125 1875 II 8 14 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay 1 slate, 1 ceramic CD KB 12/2/2010

2125 1875 III 14 19 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray clay silt 1 ceramic, 1 nail, 1 glass CD KB 12/2/2010

2125 1875 IV 19 23 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray clay CD KB 12/2/2010 Located approximately 5' S due to rose bushes & 2125 1900 I 0 8 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/3/2010 boxwoods- found w/in NW most triangle of knot garden 3 window glass, 1 2125 1900 II 8 16 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay KB CD 12/3/2010 ceramic, 1 slate, 1 flake orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 5/6 strong 2125 1900 III 16 20 KB CD 12/3/2010 brown clay loam)

Not excavated: flower knot in pathway, however all paths within knot have been trenched to 12" & contains a drain 2125 1900 pipe 4" deep- paths are lined w/ boxwoods & antique CD KB 12/2/2010 roses. Excavation not permitted by gardener near roses as may damage fragile root systems

Located at W edge of central path, offset 6' from grid to test central path edge in hopes of finding historic edge, 1' 2125 1919 I 0 7 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam 5 ceramic CD KB 12/2/2010 E of boxwood roots & no historic central path remnants were found

2125 1919 II 7 13 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam CD KB 12/2/2010

2125 1919 III 13 17 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay CD KB 12/2/2010

2125 1925 Not excavated: central walk KB CD 11/30/2010 gray brown silty loam (10YR 5/1 gray silty 2125 1950 I 0 5 1 nail fragment KB CD 11/30/2010 loam)

mottled orange brown clay loam & gray brown silty loam (7.5YR 5/8 strong brown 2125 1950 II 5 10 2 ceramics Light density charcoal flecks KB CD 11/30/2010 clay loam & 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam)

dark tan silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown 2125 1950 III 10 17 KB CD 11/30/2010 silty loam)

light orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2125 1950 IV 17 21 KB CD 11/30/2010 reddish yellow clay loam) 1 button, 1 nail, 1 glass, 3 2125 1975 II 0 17 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay Located S of brick walk & W of S side of tennis lawn KB CD 11/29/2010 ceramic 88

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth 2125 1975 III 17 21 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay KB CD 11/29/2010 2125 2000 I 0 8 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay 2 ceramic Located w/in tennis lawn S boundary KB CD 11/29/2010

mottled brown w/ red/brown (7.5YR 4/3 2125 2000 II 8 14 brown silty clay, 5YR 5/4 reddish brown 1 ceramic KB CD 11/29/2010 silty clay)

2125 2000 III 14 30 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam KB CD 11/29/2010 orange yellowish sandy clay (7.5YR 6/6 2125 2000 IV 30 34 KB CD 11/29/2010 reddish yellow)

2125 2025 I 0 8 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam Excavation halted: large root, located 5'E of tree CD KB 12/2/2010

2150 1725 I 0 7 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay 4 cobalt glass Excavation halted: large root CD KB 12/2/2010

2150 1725 II 7 16 5YR 5/3 reddish brown sandy silty loam CD KB 12/2/2010

16 glass, 3 ceramic, "B- 2150 1750 I 0 9 7.5YR 5/3 brown silty loam Light density coal & brick flecks KB CD 12/1/2010 HAP-E" medicine bottle

light orange-brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2150 1750 II 9 13 KB CD 12/1/2010 reddish yellow clay loam

Not excavated: located on edge of terrace wall of 2 N-S 2150 1775 KB CD 12/1/2010 trellis walls to W sunken area 2150 1800 Not excavated: flower bed KB CD 12/1/2010 2150 1825 I 0 11 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam Light density charcoal & brick flecks KB CD 12/1/2010 orange-tan silty clay (7.5YR 6/6 reddish 2150 1825 II 11 16 KB CD 12/1/2010 yellow silty clay) 2150 1850 I 0 9 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010 Not excavated: stone boundary wall on W of N lawn, E 2150 1850 KB CD 12/1/2010 of Bowling Green 1 drain pipe, 1 ceramic, 1 2150 1860 II 9 21 7.5YR 5/3 brown silty loam UID, 2 glass, 26 window Light density coal & brick flecks KB CD 12/1/2010 glass 2150 1860 III 21 24 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow clay loam KB CD 12/1/2010 gray-brown silty loam (10YR 5/2 grayish 2150 1875 I 0 14 1 ceramic KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam)

light orange tan clay loam (7.5YR 6/4 light 2150 1875 II 14 18 KB CD 11/30/2010 brown clay loam) 2150 1900 I 0 17 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 1 ceramic Light density charcoal flecking CD KB 12/2/2010 2150 1900 II 17 21 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay CD KB 12/2/2010 2150 1925 I 0 8 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 2 glass Not collected: 1 slate CD KB 12/2/2010 2150 1925 II 8 18 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay 1 ceramic CD KB 12/2/2010 89

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

2150 1925 III 18 22 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay CD KB 12/2/2010

gray-brown silty loam (10YR 5/2 grayish 3 window glass, 2 glass, 2150 1950 I 0 8 Light density brick & coal flecking, offset 5' N KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam) 2 bone, 2 nail, 1 ceramic

dark tan silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown 1 window glass, 5 2150 1950 II 8 18 Medium density brick flecks & light density coal flecks KB CD 11/30/2010 silty loam) ceramic, 2 slate

light orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2150 1950 III 18 22 KB CD 11/30/2010 reddish yellow clay loam) 2150 1962 I 0 8 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 1 ceramic, 1 glass KB CD 12/3/2010 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam w/ light 4 ceramic, 1 nail, 2150 1962 II 8 12 Light density brick flecking KB CD 12/3/2010 density loam mottling window glass

tan silty clay loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown 2 ceramic, 1 window 2150 1962 III 12 18 Light density charcoal & brick flecking KB CD 12/3/2010 clay loam glass, 1 nail 2150 1962 IV 18 23 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow clay loam KB CD 12/3/2010 1 button, 2 ceramic, 1 2150 1975 I 0 20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay Located W of tennis lawn, offset 1'E of brick path KB CD 11/29/2010 nail, 1 whiteware, 3 glass

light yellow brown silty loam (10YR 6/4 2150 1975 II 20 26 KB CD 11/29/2010 light yellowish brown silty loam) 2150 1975 III 26 30 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay KB CD 11/29/2010 1 glass, 1 UID, 2flat 2150 1987 I 0 4 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/3/2010 pressed metal 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam w/ 1 UID metal, 1 ceramic, 2150 1987 II 4 13 2.5YR 4/6 red mottled w/ 7.5YR 6/6 Light density charcoal flecking KB CD 12/3/2010 1 glass, 1 hoop reddish yellow clay loam 2 window glass, 2 2150 1987 III 13 18 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow clay loam KB CD 12/3/2010 ceramic 2150 1987 IV 18 21 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow clay loam KB CD 12/3/2010 2150 2000 I 0 10 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay Light density brick & coal flecking KB CD 11/29/2010

mottled brown w/ yellow brown (10YR 5/3 1 nail, 2 redware, 1 2150 2000 II 10 22 brown silty clay w/ 10YR 5/4 yellowish whiteware, 1 brick Medium density coal & brick fragments KB CD 11/29/2010 brown silty clay) sample

mottled red brown w/ yellowish brown w/ 2150 2000 III 22 26 brownish yellow (5YR 5/4 reddish brown KB CD 11/29/2010 w/ 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay)

Excavation halted: mass root system, located partial 2150 2025 I 0 6 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam CD KB 12/2/2010 stump, 5'N of tree 2162 1975 I 0 6 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 1 nail KB CD 12/3/2010 90

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam w/ 2162 1975 II 6 12 2.5YR 4/6 red mottled w/ 7.5YR 6/6 1 glass KB CD 12/3/2010 reddish yellow clay loam

2162 1975 III 12 18 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow clay loam Excavation halted: dense roots KB CD 12/3/2010 Not excavated: slope & stairs leading from brick path to 2175 1725 CD KB 12/2/2010 dirt foot path at bottom of property (W side) 2175 1750 Not excavated: slope KB CD 12/1/2010 Not excavated: located on edge of terrace wall of 2 N-S 2175 1775 KB CD 12/1/2010 trellis walls to W sunken area 2175 1800 Not excavated: stairs KB CD 12/1/2010 2175 1825 Not excavated: Bowling Green wall KB CD 12/1/2010 Not excavated: stone boundary wall on W of N lawn, E 2175 1850 KB CD 12/1/2010 of Bowling Green

gray-brown silty loam (10YR 5/2 grayish 2175 1875 I 0 9 KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam)

light orange tan clay loam (7.5YR 6/4 light 2175 1875 II 9 19 KB CD 11/30/2010 brown clay loam) 2175 1900 Not excavated: circular walkway KB CD 11/30/2010

2175 1925 I 0 12 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam 5 ceramic, 1 nail, 1 slate Located 4' E of central path CD KB 12/2/2010

2 nail, 1 ceramic, 1 2175 1925 II 12 19 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam Light brick & coal flecking CD KB 12/2/2010 window glass

2175 1925 III 19 27 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay CD KB 12/2/2010

gray-brown silty loam (10YR 5/2 grayish 1 green wine bottle glass, 2175 1950 I 0 9 KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam) 2 ceramic 1 nail, 1 ceramic, 1 slate, dark tan silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown 2175 1950 II 9 20 1 bone, 1 window glass, KB CD 11/30/2010 silty loam) shell light orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2175 1950 III 20 23 KB CD 11/30/2010 reddish yellow clay loam) 2175 1975 I Not excavated: walkway KB CD 11/29/2010 Offset 3' W, located at N boundary of terrace lawn by 2175 2000 I 0 2 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay KB CD 11/29/2010 column 1 nail, 1 pearlware, 2 2175 2000 II 2 6 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty clay slate, 1 stoneware, 1 Moderate brick & coal flecking KB CD 11/29/2010 glass red brown sandy loam (5YR 5/4 reddish 2175 2000 III 6 19 pipe stem, window glass Heavy brick flecking, handmade KB CD 11/29/2010 brown sandy loam)

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

brown red (5YR 4/6 yellowish red silty 2175 2000 IV 19 27 KB CD 11/29/2010 clay)

mottled 5YR 4/6 yellowish red silty clay 2175 2000 V 27 31 KB CD 11/29/2010 w/ 5YR 4/4 reddish brown sandy loam

2175 2025 I 0 5 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam Located 10'W of steep embankment to 31st St. CD KB 12/2/2010 2175 2025 II 5 30 10YR 5/3 brown clay silt CD KB 12/2/2010 2.5YR 4/6 red clay mottled w/ 10YR 5/3 2175 2025 III 30 34 1 nail, 8 ceramic CD KB 12/2/2010 brown clay silt

Not excavated: slope leading away from house and 2200 1725 CD KB 12/2/2010 formal garden 2200 1750 Not excavated: slope KB CD 12/1/2010 2200 1775 Not excavated: slope 10' S of fence KB CD 12/1/2010 2200 1800 I 0 14 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 3 ceramic KB CD 12/1/2010 light orange-brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2200 1800 II 14 18 KB CD 12/1/2010 reddish yellow clay loam 2200 1825 I 0 9 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/1/2010 2200 1825 II 9 13 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow clay loam KB CD 12/1/2010 2200 1850 I 0 10 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 1 nail, 1 glass KB CD 12/1/2010 2200 1850 II 10 16 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow clay loam KB CD 12/1/2010 2200 1875 I 0 7 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam KB CD 11/30/2010 2200 1875 II 7 10 10YR 6/3 pale brown silty loam Excavation halted: dense roots KB CD 11/30/2010 gray brown silty loam (10YR 5/2 grayish 2200 1900 I 0 7 3 ceramic handle Light density roots KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam)

tan brown silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown 2200 1900 II 7 12 2 window glass KB CD 11/30/2010 silty loam)

light orange tan clay loam (7.5YR 6/4 light 2200 1900 III 12 16 KB CD 11/30/2010 brown clay loam)

gray-brown silty loam (10YR 5/2 grayish 2200 1925 I 0 8 1 window glass Abundant roots KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam)

light orange tan clay loam (7.5YR 6/4 light 2200 1925 II 8 12 KB CD 11/30/2010 brown clay loam)

gray-brown silty loam (10YR 5/2 grayish 2200 1950 I 0 7 1 window glass KB CD 11/30/2010 brown silty loam)

dark tan silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown 1 ceramic, 3 window 2200 1950 II 7 12 KB CD 11/30/2010 silty loam) glass

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

light orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 6/8 2200 1950 III 12 15 KB CD 11/30/2010 reddish yellow clay loam)

dark brown detritus (10YR 3/2 very dark 2200 1975 II 0 3 KB CD 11/29/2010 grayish brown)

light tan silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown 2200 1975 III 3 10 High density gravel KB CD 11/29/2010 silty loam)

gray brown silty loam (10YR 5/1 gray silty 2200 1975 IV 10 23 1 glass, 1 ceramic High density gravel KB CD 11/29/2010 loam)

orange brown clay loam (7.5YR 5/6 strong 2200 1975 V 23 29 KB CD 11/29/2010 brown clay loam) 2200 2000 I 0 10 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay KB CD 11/29/2010 2200 2000 II 10 13 Layer of bricks KB CD 11/29/2010 brownish red (5YR 4/6 yellowish red silty Heavy brick flecking, excavation halted due to gravel 2200 2000 III 13 17 KB CD 11/29/2010 clay) layer 7 ceramic, 1 bone, 2 2200 2025 I 0 8 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam Located 10'W of steep embankment to 31st St. CD KB 12/2/2010 glass 2200 2025 II 8 26 10YR 5/3 brown clay silt 3 ceramic Excavation halted: large root CD KB 12/2/2010 Located N of Northern property fence, E side of central 2225 1925 I 0 5 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam walk, approximately 25' SW of south side porch of admin KB CD 11/30/2010 building 2225 1925 II 5 12 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 1 brick sample, roof slate KB CD 11/30/2010

2225 1925 III 12 16 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay KB CD 11/30/2010

2225 1950 I 0 14 10YR 6/3 pale brown silty loam KB CD 11/30/2010

2225 1950 II 14 20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay KB CD 11/30/2010

gray brown silty loam (10YR 5/1 gray silty 2225 1975 I 0 7 KB CD 11/29/2010 loam) 2225 1975 I 0 9 10YR 6/3 pale brown silty loam 2 ceramic KB CD 11/30/2010 light gray tan silty loam (10YR 6/2 light Excavation halted: root impass, light density brick 2225 1975 II 7 20 KB CD 11/29/2010 brownish gray silty loam) fragments & flecks

2225 1975 II 9 13 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay KB CD 11/30/2010

2225 2000 I 0 3 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay KB CD 11/29/2010 yellowish brown silty sandy clay (10YR 2225 2000 II 3 20 1 nail, 1 pearlware KB CD 11/29/2010 5/4 yellowish brown)

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

light yellowish brown silty loam (10YR 2225 2000 III 20 24 KB CD 11/29/2010 6/4 light yellowish brown silty loam)

2225 2025 I 0 5 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam CD KB 12/2/2010

10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam 2225 2025 II 5 11 mottled w/ 7.5YR 5/3 brown silty loam & CD KB 12/2/2010 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown silty clay

tan silty loam (10YR 6/3 pale brown silty 2225 2025 III 11 26 CD KB 12/2/2010 loam)

dark orange-brown (7.5YR 5/8 strong 2225 2025 IV 26 30 CD KB 12/2/2010 brown clay loam) Located between sidewalk to S side of porch & sidewalk 2250 1925 I 0 8 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam to basement entry, approximately 8' W of SW corner of KB CD 11/30/2010 house 2250 1925 II 8 16 10YR 5/3 brown clay silt KB CD 11/30/2010 2250 1925 III 16 20 5YR 6/3 light reddish brown clay KB CD 11/30/2010 1 slate sample, 3 window STP located on W side of S side porch approximately 4' 2250 1950 I 0 7 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam glass, 1 UID, 1 copper KB CD 11/30/2010 from SE brick pier fragment, 2 doll parts 2250 1950 II 7 16 10YR 5/3 brown clay silt KB CD 11/30/2010 2250 1950 III 16 20 5YR 6/3 light reddish brown clay KB CD 11/30/2010 1 mortar sample, slate 2250 1975 I 0 8 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam sample, 1 ceramic, 2 KB CD 11/30/2010 glass 2 ceramic, 1 window 2250 1975 II 8 23 10YR 5/3 brown clay silt glass, 1 slate, 1 bone, 1 KB CD 11/30/2010 slate 2250 1975 III 23 27 5YR 6/3 light reddish brown clay KB CD 11/30/2010 2250 2025 I 0 6 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silty loam 2 ceramics KB CD 12/3/2010

10YR 6/3 pale brown silty loam mottled w/ 2250 2025 II 6 13 3 flakes Light density cobbles KB CD 12/3/2010 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty clay loam

2250 2025 III 13 23 10YR 7/3 very pale brown clay loam KB CD 12/3/2010

2250 2025 IV 23 27 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty clay loam KB CD 12/3/2010

3 ceramics, 2 bone, 1 Located E of admin building, out from SE corner of front 2275 2025 I 0 8 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam KB CD 12/3/2010 glass porch

Start End STP Northing Easting Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Initials Date Depth Depth

2275 2025 II 8 17 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay silty loam 2 ceramic KB CD 12/3/2010

2275 2025 III 17 31 10YR 5/3 brown clay silt KB CD 12/3/2010 Located 15' from SW corner of rest room on W side of pipe bowl, 3 nails, 1 J1 I 0 8 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam house & approximately 25' from teahouse & 25' SE of CD KB 12/2/2010 slate, 2 glass, 1 ceramic smokehouse 1 blue, 1 slate, 1 shell, 1 J1 II 8 17 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam CD KB 12/2/2010 pipe stem 1 slate, 1 bone, 1 glass, 1 J1 III 17 23 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay nail, 1 pipe bowl, 4 CD KB 12/2/2010 ceramic

J1 IV 23 27 5YR 5/3 reddish brown sandy silty clay CD KB 12/2/2010

4 ceramic, 5 window J2 I 0 8 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam KB CD 12/3/2010 glass, 2 glass, 1 metal 4 ceramic, 2 window J2 II 8 18 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam Excavation halted: large tree root, located NW of J1 KB CD 12/3/2010 glass, 1 nail

J3 I 0 6 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam KB CD 12/3/2010

J3 II 6 18 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam Excavation halted: dense roots KB CD 12/3/2010

J4 I 0 6 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam 4 ceramic KB CD 12/3/2010

6 ceramic, 2 window J4 II 6 17 10YR 4/3 brown silty loam KB CD 12/3/2010 glass, 1 glass, 2 nails J4 III 17 19 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow clay loam 1 window glass KB CD 12/3/2010

J5 I 0 14 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown silty loam KB CD 12/3/2010

J5 II 14 17 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow clay loam KB CD 12/3/2010

J6 I 0 9 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silty loam KB CD 12/3/2010

J6 II 9 22 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay KB CD 12/3/2010 J6 III 22 26 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay Excavation halted: large roots & rocks KB CD 12/3/2010 II 10 14 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay CD KB 12/2/2010

APPENDIX B: ARTIFACT CATALOGUE

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS LOCATED WHEN DIGGING HOLLY TREE NEAR 32ND STREET-- MARBLE PAVER TUDOR 51NW134.5 1890 1675 1 OTH MATCHES 1 FRAGMENT PLACE MARBLE FOUND AT "STONE BENCH WITH IRON RAIL" LOCATED WHEN DIGGING BRICK TUDOR 51NW134.5 1885 1665 2 ARC MACHINE-MADE FRINGE TREE 1 (COMPLETE) PLACE NEAR 32ND STREET LOCATED WHEN DIGGING BRICK TUDOR 51NW134.5 1885 1665 2 ARC HANDMADE FRINGE TREE 1 (COMPLETE) PLACE NEAR 32ND STREET LOCATED WHEN DIGGING TUDOR 51NW134.5 1735 1900 4 ORG SHELL OYSTER 1 AMERICAN ELM PLACE IN SOUTH LAWN LOCATED WHEN MILK GLASS DIGGING TUDOR 51NW134.5 1735 1900 4 GLS BODY 1 VESSEL AMERICAN ELM PLACE IN SOUTH LAWN LOCATED WHEN DIGGING TUDOR 51NW134.5 1885 1665 2 ORG SHELL OYSTER FRINGE TREE 1 PLACE NEAR 32ND STREET LOCATED WHEN DIGGING TUDOR 51NW134.5 2215 2010 5 OTH SANDSTONE CUT NORTHERN 1 PLACE DOGWOOD IN TENNIS LAWN LOCATED WHEN DIGGING BRICK TUDOR 51NW134.5 2215 2010 5 ARC HANDMADE NORTHERN 1 FRAGMENT PLACE DOGWOOD IN TENNIS LAWN PIECES MEND-- BLUE WILLOW LOCATED WHEN TUDOR 51NW134.5 1880 1670 3 CER PEARLWARE RIM PATTERN / DIGGING YEW 2 PLACE UNDERGLAZED TREE NEAR 32ND STREET TUDOR 51NW134.5 1880 1670 3 ORG SHELL OYSTER 1 PLACE 51NW134.5 1800 1850 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY FROSTED 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 1800 1850 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY CRIZZLED 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS UID 51NW134.5 2125 1919 I CER BODY NO GLAZE 4 KB / CD 12/2/2010 EARTHENWARE 51NW134.5 2125 1919 I CER CREAMWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 1875 1850 I CER TERRA COTTA RIM 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 1800 1875 I GLS BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 VESSEL SHOTGUN BRASS WITH 51NW134.5 1800 1875 I PER 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 SHELL CAP PAPER WADING POST- 51NW134.5 1700 1825 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 1900 1875 I ARC 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 FRAGMENT SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 1900 1875 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 HEAD SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 1725 2000 I ARC NAIL CUT HEAD / CUT 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 HEAD SLATE 51NW134.5 1725 2050 I ARC 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT DARK GREEN 51NW134.5 1700 1950 I GLS BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 WINE BOTTLE POST- 51NW134.5 1700 1950 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1875 1900 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL RIM ORANGE PEEL 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1875 1900 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2100 1825 I ARC MORTAR 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 WIRE 51NW134.5 2100 1825 I MET IRON ALLOY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2200 1850 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 2200 1850 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 HEAD 51NW134.5 1700 2100 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 1725 1750 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1725 1850 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2150 1860 II CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 WAVY EXTERIOR, 51NW134.5 2150 1860 II CER TERRA COTTA RIM 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 SMOOTH INTERIOR 51NW134.5 2150 1860 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2150 1860 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 28 KB / CD 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1700 1900 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1875 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2050 1750 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 4 KB / CD 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 2050 1750 II ARC 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 FRAGMENT

100

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS BRICK 51NW134.5 2050 1750 II ARC MACHINE-MADE 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 FRAGMENT BURNED / SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 2050 1750 II ARC NAIL CUT 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 HEAD / CUT HEAD BURNED / 51NW134.5 2050 1750 II ARC NAIL CUT 9 KB / CD 12/1/2010 SHAFT 51NW134.5 2050 1750 II MET SLAG 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2050 1750 II MET UID BURNED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 1825 1950 II CER CREAMWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 1825 1950 II MET SLAG 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1825 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 2125 1825 II CER CANTON RIM UNDERGLAZE / 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 2125 1825 II CER TERRA COTTA BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 MILK GLASS 51NW134.5 2125 1825 II GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 VESSEL AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 2125 1825 II GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 2125 1825 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 1850 1825 I CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 1850 1825 I CER CREAMWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 1825 1900 I CER PEARLWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 BLUE MOLDED 51NW134.5 2000 1900 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 DECORATION POST- 51NW134.5 2000 1900 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL CREAM- MOLDED 51NW134.5 1825 1875 II CER IRONSTONE COLORED / 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 EXTERIOR BODY EMBOSSED SHELL-EDGED / 51NW134.5 1825 1875 II CER PEARLWARE RIM PAINTED / 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 UNDERGLAZED / BLUE UID 51NW134.5 2225 1925 I CER BODY NO GLAZE PIECES MEND 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 EARTHENWARE 51NW134.5 2150 1950 II CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1950 II CER WHITEWARE RIM CRAZED 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2150 1950 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 2150 1950 II ARC 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1925 1950 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 MOLDED 51NW134.5 1925 1950 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 DECORATION POST- 51NW134.5 1925 1950 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 INDUSTRIAL 101

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS 51NW134.5 2200 1975 III CER WHITEWARE RIM CRAZED 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2200 1975 III ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 2025 1925 I CER PEARLWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 2025 1925 I CER CREAMWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2025 1925 I ORG BONE 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 BRASS / SHOTGUN STAMPED, 51NW134.5 2025 1925 I PER 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 SHELL CAP "U.M.C. CO. NO. 12 CLUB" SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 2025 1925 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 HEAD 51NW134.5 1925 2050 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 1925 2050 I GLS BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 1925 2050 I GLS GREEN VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1925 2050 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2000 1950 II CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 DARK GREEN 51NW134.5 2075 2000 I GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 WINE BOTTLE POST- 51NW134.5 2075 2000 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2150 2000 II CER REDWARE BODY LEAD GLAZED 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2150 2000 II CER TERRA COTTA BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 BRICK 51NW134.5 2150 2000 II ARC HANDMADE 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2150 2000 II ARC NAIL UID 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2025 1925 III ORG BONE 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 COARSE MICCA KEYED 51NW134.5 2000 2025 III OTH STONEWARE 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INCLUSIONS BACKING TILE 51NW134.5 1925 1925 I CER REDWARE BODY UNGLAZED PIECES MEND 2 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 1925 1925 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 3 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 1925 1925 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 1925 1925 I GLS BROWN VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1925 1925 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 1925 1925 I ARC 2 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2100 1950 II CER PORCELLANOUS BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2100 1950 II CER WHITEWARE RIM 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2100 1950 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 4 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL POST- 51NW134.5 2200 1950 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL POST- 51NW134.5 2200 1900 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2125 2000 III CER WHITEWARE BODY PIECES MEND 2 KB / CD 11/29/2010 102

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 2225 2000 II CER PEARLWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 BLUE UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 2225 2000 II ARC NAIL SHAFT 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 WIRE HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 2125 2000 IV CER PEARLWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 1900 1900 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1900 1900 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY SEAM VISIBLE 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1900 1900 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 1900 1900 I ARC 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2225 1975 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1950 2025 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 1950 2025 I GLS BASE 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 1950 2025 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1950 2025 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY FROSTED 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1950 2025 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1950 2025 I OTH 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 PORCELAIN HARD PASTE 51NW134.5 2200 1900 I CER HANDLE PIECES MEND 3 KB / CD 11/30/2010 PORCELAIN SOLARIZED 51NW134.5 2100 1950 I GLS HANDLE 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 GLASS POST- 51NW134.5 2100 1950 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2100 1950 I ARC MORTAR 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2200 1925 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 2025 1925 II GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 2025 1925 II ORG BONE 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1875 I CER PORCELLANOUS BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1950 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 PAINTED / 51NW134.5 2075 1875 III CER CANTON BASE UNDERGLAZED / 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 2025 2000 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 PIECES MEND / 51NW134.5 1975 2025 I CER YELLOWWARE RIM 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 CRAZED 51NW134.5 1975 2025 I CER PEARLWARE BODY CRAZED 3 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 PAINTED / 51NW134.5 1975 2025 I CER PEARLWARE RIM UNDERGLAZED / 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 1975 2025 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010

103

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS SPONGE PAINTED / 51NW134.5 1975 2025 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 UNDERGLAZED / RED AND GREEN AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 1975 2025 I GLS BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 1975 2025 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 4 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1950 I ARC NAIL CUT HEAD 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2200 2000 III CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2200 1950 II CER PEARLWARE BASE CRAZED 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2200 1950 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 3 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2175 1950 II CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2175 1950 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2175 1950 II ORG BONE 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2175 1950 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2175 1950 II ARC NAIL SHAFT 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 2175 1950 II ARC 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT TRANSFER- PLATE PRINTED / 51NW134.5 2000 2025 I CER WHITEWARE PIECES MEND 5 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT UNDERGLAZED / BLUE 51NW134.5 2000 2025 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 4 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2000 2025 I GLS GREEN VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2000 2025 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2000 2025 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 5 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2000 2025 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 2000 2025 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 HEAD 51NW134.5 1925 1900 I CER PEARLWARE RIM 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 1925 1900 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 1925 1900 I ARC 5 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1925 1875 I CER REDWARE RIM LEAD GLAZED 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 1925 1875 I GLS RIM 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 VESSEL POST- 51NW134.5 1925 1875 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 1925 1875 I ARC 5 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1900 1925 I CER PEARLWARE BODY BURNED 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1900 1925 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY CRIZZLED 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 1900 1925 I ARC 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT

104

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS ANNULAR / HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 2025 2000 I CER PEARLWARE RIM UNDERGLAZED / 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 BROWN AND GREEN 51NW134.5 2025 2000 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2025 2000 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 INDUSTRIAL HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 1700 1875 I CER WHITEWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 2200 2000 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 2200 2000 II CER PEARLWARE RIM UNDERGLAZE / 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 BLUE ANNULAR / 51NW134.5 2200 2000 II CER YELLOWWARE BODY BLUE, WHITE 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 AND BROWN ANNULAR / 51NW134.5 2200 2000 I CER YELLOWWARE BODY BLUE, WHITE PIECES MEND 2 KB / CD 11/29/2010 AND BROWN 51NW134.5 2200 2000 I OTH SLAG 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 1750 1925 II/III CER WHITEWARE RIM CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 1775 1900 I CER WHITEWARE RIM 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 1775 1875 II CER PEARLWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 2100 1725 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 2100 1725 I ARC NAIL COMPLETE 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 WIRE POST- 51NW134.5 2100 1725 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1850 1950 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1825 I CER PEARLWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1825 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1825 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1825 I GLS BROWN VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2150 1825 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1900 2025 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 MAG / HL AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 1900 2025 I GLS BODY 1 MAG / HL VESSEL 51NW134.5 1900 2025 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY FROSTED / BLUE 1 MAG / HL POST- 51NW134.5 1900 2025 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 MAG / HL INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1900 2025 I MET MELTED LEAD 1 MAG / HL HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 1700 1925 I/II CER PEARLWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 1700 1925 I/II MET SLAG 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1875 III CER CREAMWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 105

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS 51NW134.5 2125 1875 III GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1875 III ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1875 III ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2075 1800 I CER WHITEWARE BASE CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2075 1800 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL RIM 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 MULTIPLE AIR 51NW134.5 2075 1800 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BASE 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 BUBBLES AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 2075 1800 I GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 1750 2050 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY CRIZZLED 2 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 1750 2050 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 1750 2000 I ARC NAIL CUT HEAD / CUT 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 HEAD POST- 51NW134.5 1750 1875 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 INDUSTRIAL AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 2050 1725 II GLS BODY CRIZZLED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 VESSEL AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 2050 1725 II GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 2050 1725 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY CRIZZLED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2050 1725 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 13 KB / CD 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL COMPLETE / 51NW134.5 2050 1725 II ARC NAIL CUT 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 BURNED UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 2050 1725 II ARC NAIL SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 WIRE 51NW134.5 2050 1725 II MET SLAG 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 1700 2000 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 1775 1850 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BASE 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2200 1825 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 1825 2000 I CER CANTON RIM UNDERGLAZE / 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 BLUE POST- 51NW134.5 1825 2000 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 4 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 1825 2000 I ARC NAIL SHAFT 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 WIRE SLATE 51NW134.5 1825 2000 I ARC 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2125 1800 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1800 I CER YELLOWWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1800 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2125 1800 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2150 1750 I CER IRONSTONE BASE CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1750 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1750 I CER TERRA COTTA BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1750 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 16 KB / CD 12/1/2010

106

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS AQUA TINT CONTACT 51NW134.5 2150 1750 I GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 VESSEL MOLDED, "SHIR" CONTACT MOLDED, "B- PRESCRIPTION 51NW134.5 2150 1750 I GLS CLEAR BOTTLE 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 HAP-E Co NEW FINISH YORK" POST- 51NW134.5 2150 1750 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL NARROW- PROJECTILE STEMMED 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 I LTC QUARTZITE BROKEN TIP 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 POINT SAVANNAH RIVER PIPE STEM UNABLE TO 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 I PER WHITE CLAY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT MEASURE BORE PIPE BOWL 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 I PER WHITE CLAY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT COMPLETE / 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 CUT HEAD 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 I ARC 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1825 1950 I CER WHITEWARE RIM 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 1825 1950 I ARC 2 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 FRAGMENT POST- 51NW134.5 1825 1975 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2200 1800 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 "REBEKAH AT 51NW134.5 2200 1800 I CER ROCKINGHAM BODY THE WELL" 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 DESIGN 51NW134.5 2200 1800 I CER PORCELLANOUS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 1825 2050 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 MAG / HL 12/1/2010 TRANSFER- PRINTED / 51NW134.5 2050 1750 I CER IRONSTONE RIM UNDERGLAZED / PIECES MEND 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 BLUE / GUILDED, OVERGLAZED SLATE 51NW134.5 2050 1750 I ARC 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2000 1825 II CER WHITEWARE RIM 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 WASHED 51NW134.5 2000 1825 II CER REDWARE BODY INTERIOR AND 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 EXTERIOR AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 2000 1825 II GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 2000 1825 II ORG BONE 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2000 1825 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 3 KB / CD 12/1/2010 INDUSTRIAL WASHED 51NW134.5 2000 1825 II OTH DRAIN PIPE 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 EXTERIOR 51NW134.5 2000 1825 II OTH DRAIN PIPE 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2000 1825 II OTH DRAIN PIPE LEAD GLAZED 6 KB / CD 12/1/2010 107

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS 51NW134.5 2050 1825 I CER PORCELLANOUS RIM 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2050 1825 I GLS BROWN VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 BRASS / 51NW134.5 2050 1825 I PER CUFFLINK 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 MAROON COVER 51NW134.5 2050 1825 I ORG SHELL OYSTER 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 TRANSFER- PRINTED / 51NW134.5 2200 2025 II CER WHITEWARE BODY PIECES MEND 3 KB / CD 12/2/2010 UNDERGLAZED / BLUE 51NW134.5 1675 1825 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2075 1725 I CER WHITEWARE RIM CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 1650 2000 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1890 1815 4 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1625 2100 I CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1625 2100 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2100 1725 II CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 MOLDED DECORATION / 51NW134.5 1650 2100 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY STRIPED 1 MAG / HL 12/3/2010 COLUMNS DESIGN 51NW134.5 1700 1750 III ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 2 HL / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1890 1815 4 II CER PEARLWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1890 1815 4 II CER TERRA COTTA BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1890 1815 4 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1725 1750 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BASE 1 HL / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1725 1750 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 HL / CD 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1800 1755 5 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 II CER CREAMWARE BODY CRAZED 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 II CER WHITEWARE RIM CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 II CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 II GLS GREEN VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 II ARC NAIL SHAFT 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 WIRE COMPLETE / 51NW134.5 1650 2050 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 MAG / HL 12/3/2010 CUT HEAD 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 I CER WHITEWARE RIM CRAZED 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 I CER PEARLWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 I CER PORCELLANOUS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 I GLS BODY 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 VESSEL AQUA TINT MOLDED 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 I GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 VESSEL DECORATION POST- 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 4 KB / CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 I MET UID IRON ALLOY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 108

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS WIRE 51NW134.5 1965 1820 2 I MET IRON ALLOY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1920 1815 3 I CER TERRA COTTA BODY 3 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1920 1815 3 I CER TERRA COTTA RIM 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1920 1815 3 II CER WHITEWARE RIM CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 PAINTED / 51NW134.5 1920 1815 3 II CER IRONSTONE BODY UNDERGLAZED / 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 1920 1815 3 II CER TERRA COTTA BODY 3 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1920 1815 3 II CER TERRA COTTA BASE 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1920 1815 3 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1920 1815 3 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1920 1815 3 II ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1700 1725 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 HL / CD 12/3/2010 HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 1700 1725 I CER PEARLWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 HL / CD 12/3/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 1700 1725 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 2 HL / CD 12/3/2010 MOLDED 51NW134.5 1700 1725 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 HL / CD 12/3/2010 DECORATION CONTACT 51NW134.5 1700 1725 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BASE 1 HL / CD 12/3/2010 MOLDED, "419 B" 51NW134.5 1700 1725 I PER SPOON IRON ALLOY 1 HL / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 1700 1725 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 HL / CD 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1675 2025 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 INDUSTRIAL POST- 51NW134.5 1825 2000 ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2100 2025 III ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1875 II CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 2125 1875 II ARC 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2150 1975 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1975 I CER YELLOWWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 LOCALLY BURNISHED 51NW134.5 2150 1975 I CER PRODUCED RIM 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 FINISH EARTHENWARE 51NW134.5 2150 1975 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY SEAM VISIBLE 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1975 I PER BUTTON FOUR-HOLE CERAMIC 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1975 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1975 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1900 I CER PEARLWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1925 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1725 I GLS COBALT VESSEL BODY 3 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1725 I GLS COBALT VESSEL BODY CRIZZLED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1925 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 109

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS STACKED 51NW134.5 2150 1925 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL RIM 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FINISH EMBOSSED SHELL-EDGED / 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I CER PEARLWARE RIM PAINTED / 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 UNDERGLAZED / BLUE 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I CER IRONSTONE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I CER PORCELLANOUS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I CER PORCELLANOUS BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 2175 1925 I ARC 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 III CER CREAMWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 III CER CREAMWARE RIM CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 EMBOSSED SHELL-EDGED / 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 III CER PEARLWARE RIM PAINTED / 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 UNDERGLAZED / BLUE LEAD GLAZED EXTERIOR WITH 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 III CER REDWARE BODY SLIP 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 DECORATION INTERIOR 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 III GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 PIPE BOWL 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 III PER 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 III ORG BONE 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 III ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 III ARC 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT DARK GLASS POSSIBLE PIPE BORE INTERIOR WITH 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 II PER STEM DIAMETER = 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 RED EXTERIOR FRAGMENT 6/64" GLAZING 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 II ORG BONE 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 1955 1830 1 II ARC 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2200 2025 I CER PEARLWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2200 2025 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2200 2025 I CER CREAMWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2200 2025 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010

110

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS CLEAR LEAD GLAZED INTERIOR WITH 51NW134.5 2200 2025 I CER CREAMWARE RIM MOCHA DESIGN 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 EXTERIOR / RED, BROWN, AND YELLOW 51NW134.5 2200 2025 I CER TERRA COTTA BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2200 2025 I ORG BONE BLEACHED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2200 2025 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 DARK GREEN 51NW134.5 1700 2075 I GLS BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 WINE BOTTLE 51NW134.5 1700 2075 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 COMPLETE / 51NW134.5 1700 2075 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 MAG / HL 12/2/2010 CUT HEAD 51NW134.5 2175 2025 II CER PEARLWARE BASE 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2175 2025 II CER PEARLWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2175 2025 II CER PEARLWARE RIM 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2175 2025 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2175 2025 II CER CREAMWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2175 2025 II CER UID 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2175 2025 II ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 2100 2025 I GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 VESSEL WASHED UID 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I CER RIM INTERIOR AND 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 EARTHENWARE EXTERIOR UID 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I CER BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 EARTHENWARE 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I CER TERRA COTTA RIM 8 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I CER TERRA COTTA BODY 15 KB / CD 12/2/2010 TRANSFER- PRINTED / 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I CER IRONSTONE RIM 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 UNDERGLAZED / BLUE HANDPAINTED / OVERGLAZE / 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I CER CANTON BODY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 YELLOW, GREEN, BROWN 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I CER WHITEWARE RIM CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 JACKFIELD- "OIL-GUILDED" / 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I CER BODY PIECES MEND 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 TYPE OVERGLAZE AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS NECK 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 VESSEL AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS BODY 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 4 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BASE 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL LID RIM 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010

111

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS PATENT FINISH / 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL RIM 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 MELTED 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY MELTED 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS BROWN VESSEL BODY 4 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS BROWN VESSEL BASE 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 CONTACT 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I GLS BROWN VESSEL BASE 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 MOLDED, "2" 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I ORG SHELL OYSTER 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 3 KB / CD 12/2/2010 INDUSTRIAL UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I ARC NAIL SHAFT 4 KB / CD 12/2/2010 WIRE UNGALVANIZED SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I ARC NAIL 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 WIRE HEAD SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I ARC NAIL CUT HEAD / CUT 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 HEAD COMPLETE / 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 CUT HEAD 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I ARC HINGE IRON ALLOY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 WIRE 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I MET 2 KB / CD 12/2/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I MET CROWN CAP IRON ALLOY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I MET RIVET BRASS 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 RING WITH HOLLOW CENTER 51NW134.5 2125 1725 I MET UID METAL IRON ALLOY 1 KB / CD 12/2/2010 COVERED BY THIN LAYER OF METAL SLATE 51NW134.5 2225 1950 I ARC 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT BRICK 51NW134.5 2225 1950 I ARC HANDMADE 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2000 1975 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 2000 1975 II ARC 2 KB / CD 11/29/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1850 1900 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2000 1875 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2000 1875 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 2000 1875 I ARC 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1950 2050 I CER CHINESE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1950 2050 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1950 2050 I CER TERRA COTTA BODY 6 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 DIMPLED 51NW134.5 1950 2050 I CER TERRA COTTA RIM PATTERN 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 ALONG RIM 51NW134.5 1950 2050 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010

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STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS BRICK 51NW134.5 1950 2050 I ARC HANDMADE 3 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT COMPLETE / 51NW134.5 1950 2050 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 CUT HEAD 51NW134.5 2000 1950 III ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FLAT PRESSED 51NW134.5 2000 1950 III MET IRON ALLOY 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 METAL PLASTIC 51NW134.5 2000 1950 III OTH BLACK 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 2075 1950 I ARC NAIL COMPLETE 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 WIRE POST- 51NW134.5 2050 2000 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2250 1975 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2250 1975 II ORG BONE BLEACHED 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2250 1975 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 2250 1975 II ARC 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2250 1975 II LTC DEBITAGE SECONDARY QUARTZITE FRAGMENT 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1950 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1950 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1950 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY MOLDED, "1 1" 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1950 I ORG BONE 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2150 1950 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 3 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2150 1950 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2100 2000 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2100 2000 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2100 2000 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 1850 1950 I CER PEARLWARE BODY CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1850 1950 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 4 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2075 1975 I CER PEARLWARE BODY PIECES MEND 4 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2075 1975 I CER PEARLWARE RIM PIECES MEND 4 KB / CD 11/29/2010 TRANSFER- PRINTED / 51NW134.5 2075 1975 I CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 UNDERGLAZE / BROWN 51NW134.5 1850 2000 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1850 2000 I ARC WINDOW GLASS INDUSTRIAL / 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 MELTED POST- 51NW134.5 1850 2000 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 3 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 1850 2000 I ARC 4 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT BORE PIPE STEM 51NW134.5 2175 2000 III PER DIAMETER = 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 FRAGMENT 5/64" 51NW134.5 2175 2000 III GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 113

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS 51NW134.5 1975 2050 II CER REDWARE BASE LEAD GLAZED 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 TRANSFER- PRINTED / 51NW134.5 1975 2050 II CER WHITEWARE BODY PIECES MEND 4 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 UNDERGLAZE / BLUE 51NW134.5 1975 2050 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1925 2000 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 51NW134.5 1925 2000 I ORG BONE 1 POST- 51NW134.5 1925 2000 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 INDUSTRIAL BOTTLE CAP 51NW134.5 1925 2000 I OTH PLASTIC 1 LINER 51NW134.5 2250 1950 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2250 1950 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 4 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1850 1975 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 POST- 51NW134.5 1850 1975 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 INDUSTRIAL COMPLETE / 51NW134.5 1850 1975 I ARC NAIL CUT 1 CUT HEAD HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 1900 1950 I CER WHITEWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 BLUE 51NW134.5 1900 1950 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1900 1950 I GLS BROWN VESSEL BODY THICK 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 MARBLE 51NW134.5 1900 1950 I PER PORCELAIN 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT POST- 51NW134.5 1900 1950 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 1900 1950 I ARC 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 1900 1950 I ARC NAIL CUT HEAD / CUT 3 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 HEAD WIRE 51NW134.5 1900 1950 I MET IRON ALLOY 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT UID 51NW134.5 2075 1875 I CER BODY BURNED 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 EARTHENWARE 51NW134.5 2075 1875 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2075 1875 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2075 1875 I MET RIVET COPPER 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 2075 2000 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 MOLDED, "277", 51NW134.5 2075 2000 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BASE DURAGLAS 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 "5", "LAS" 51NW134.5 2125 1975 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1975 I CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1975 I PER BUTTON FOUR-HOLE MILK GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2125 1975 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2125 1975 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 114

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS BABY DOLL 51NW134.5 2250 1950 I PER PORCELAIN 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENTS POST- 51NW134.5 2250 1950 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 3 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2250 1950 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 2250 1950 I ARC 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT FLAT PRESSED 51NW134.5 2250 1950 I MET COPPER 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 METAL 51NW134.5 2250 1975 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2250 1975 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2250 1975 I ARC MORTAR 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 2250 1975 I ARC 2 KB / CD 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2175 1950 I CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 2175 1950 I CER PEARLWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 BLUE DARK GREEN 51NW134.5 2175 1950 I GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 11/30/2010 WINE BOTTLE 51NW134.5 2100 2000 II CER CREAMWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 2250 1950 II CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 ANNULAR / 51NW134.5 1875 1975 I CER CREAMWARE RIM BLUE AND PIECES MEND 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 YELLOW SLATE 51NW134.5 1875 1975 I ARC 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1975 2050 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 TRANSFER- PRINTED / 51NW134.5 1975 2050 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 UNDERGLAZE / BROWN WASHED 51NW134.5 1975 2050 I CER REDWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INTERIOR 51NW134.5 1975 2050 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1975 2050 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1925 2025 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1925 2025 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BASE 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 DARK GREEN 51NW134.5 1925 2025 I GLS BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 WINE BOTTLE REAR COPPER 51NW134.5 1925 2025 I PER BUTTON GLASS 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 HOOK POST- 51NW134.5 1925 2025 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 1925 2025 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 1925 2025 I ARC 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1850 2050 I CER ROCKINGHAM BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010

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STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS INCISED DECORATION 51NW134.5 1925 1975 I CER RHENISH BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 WITH COBALT COLORING 51NW134.5 1925 1975 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 2 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 1925 1975 I CER YELLOWWARE BODY CRAZED 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 51NW134.5 1925 1975 I CER PORCELLANOUS BASE BURNED 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 1925 1975 I GLS BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 VESSEL MOLD SEAMS PIPE STEM VISIBLE / BORE 51NW134.5 1925 1975 I PER 1 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 FRAGMENT DIAMETER = 6/64" 51NW134.5 1925 1975 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 4 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 1925 1975 I ARC 3 MAG / HL 11/29/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I CER CREAMWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I CER CREAMWARE BASE 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I CER TERRA COTTA BODY 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 AQUA TINT 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I GLS BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 VESSEL 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 2 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I GLS GREEN VESSEL BODY 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I ORG BONE BURNED 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 1900 1975 I ARC 1 MAG / HL 11/30/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2175 2000 II CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 AMERICAN 51NW134.5 2175 2000 II CER BASE 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 GREY 51NW134.5 2175 2000 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 11/29/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2175 2000 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 KB / CD 11/29/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 2175 2000 II ARC 2 KB / CD 11/29/2010 FRAGMENT AMERICAN 51NW134.5 2050 1800 II CER HANDLE 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 GREY 51NW134.5 2050 1800 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2050 1800 II CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2050 1800 II CER YELLOWWARE BODY CRAZED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 UID 51NW134.5 2050 1800 II CER BODY GLAZE MISSING PIECES MEND 2 KB / CD 12/1/2010 EARTHENWARE UID 51NW134.5 2050 1800 II CER BODY BURNED 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 EARTHENWARE SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 2050 1800 II ARC NAIL CUT HEAD / CUT 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 HEAD 51NW134.5 2050 1800 II ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 116

STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS 51NW134.5 2050 1800 II MET SLAG 1 KB / CD 12/1/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 III CER WHITEWARE BASE 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 III CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 III ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 III ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 3 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 II CER TERRA COTTA BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 II ARC NAIL SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 WIRE 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 I CER CHINESE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1962.5 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2275 2025 II CER WHITEWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2275 2025 I CER TERRA COTTA BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2275 2025 I CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 TRANSFER- PRINTED / 51NW134.5 2275 2025 I CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 UNDERGLAZE / BLUE 51NW134.5 2275 2025 I ORG BONE 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2275 2025 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2250 2025 I CER PEARLWARE BODY 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2250 2025 I LTC DEBITAGE SECONDARY QUARTZITE FRAGMENT 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2250 2025 I LTC DEBITAGE SECONDARY QUARTZ BROKEN 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2125 1900 II CER TERRA COTTA BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2125 1900 II ARC WINDOW GLASS 3 KB / CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL SLATE 51NW134.5 2125 1900 II ARC 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2100 1900 III ORG BONE 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 BRICK 51NW134.5 2100 1900 III ARC HANDMADE 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 FRAGMENT SHAFT AND 51NW134.5 2100 1900 III ARC NAIL CUT HEAD / CUT 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 HEAD 51NW134.5 2100 1900 III LTC DEBITAGE SECONDARY QUARTZITE FRAGMENT 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 MOLDED 51NW134.5 2100 1900 II GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 DECORATION DARK GREEN 51NW134.5 2100 1900 II GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 WINE BOTTLE 51NW134.5 2100 1900 I CER PORCELLANOUS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2100 1900 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 POST- 51NW134.5 2100 1900 I ARC WINDOW GLASS 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 INDUSTRIAL 51NW134.5 2100 1900 I ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2100 1900 I ARC MORTAR 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 SLATE 51NW134.5 2100 1900 I ARC 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 FRAGMENT

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STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS HANDPAINTED / 51NW134.5 2100 1875 V CER PEARLWARE BODY UNDERGLAZE / 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 BLUE BRICK 51NW134.5 2100 1875 V ARC HANDMADE 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 FRAGMENT 51NW134.5 2100 1875 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1987.5 III CER WHITEWARE BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1987.5 III CER TERRA COTTA BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 2150 1987.5 III ARC WINDOW GLASS 2 KB / CD 12/3/2010 AQUA TINT MOLDED 51NW134.5 2150 1987.5 I GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 VESSEL LETTERS UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 2162.5 1975 I ARC NAIL SHAFT 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 WIRE 51NW134.5 2162.5 1975 I GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 51NW134.5 5 CER WHITEWARE BODY CRAZED 2 3/19/2010 51NW134.5 5 CER IRONSTONE BODY 1 3/19/2010 51NW134.5 5 CER IRONSTONE RIM 2 3/19/2010 51NW134.5 5 CER IRONSTONE BASE 1 3/19/2010 INDUSTRIAL MOLDED 51NW134.5 5 CER RIM 1 3/19/2010 PORCELAIN DECORATION TRANSFER- PRINTED / 51NW134.5 5 CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 3/19/2010 UNDERGLAZE / BLUE 51NW134.5 5 CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 3/19/2010 HANDPAINTED / UNDERGLAZE / BLUE / 51NW134.5 5 CER CANTON RIM 1 3/19/2010 OVERGLAZE / GREEN, BROWN, AND PINK HANDPAINTED / OVERGLAZE / 51NW134.5 5 CER PORCELLANOUS RIM RED, YELLOW, 1 3/19/2010 GREEN, AND BLUE 51NW134.5 5 CER PORCELLANOUS BODY 2 3/19/2010 51NW134.5 5 CER PORCELLANOUS BASE 2 3/19/2010 51NW134.5 5 CER PORCELLANOUS RIM 2 3/19/2010 AQUA TINT MULTIPLE AIR 51NW134.5 5 GLS BASE ORANGE PEEL 1 3/19/2010 VESSEL BUBBLES 51NW134.5 5 GLS CLEAR VESSEL BODY 1 3/19/2010 MOLDED INTERNAL 51NW134.5 5 GLS CLEAR BOTTLE COMPLETE LETTERS ON 1 3/19/2010 SCREW FINISH BASE, "I I" UNGALVANIZED 51NW134.5 5 MET LONG SPIKE IRON ALLOY COMPLETE 1 3/19/2010 WIRE FLAT PRESSED 51NW134.5 5 MET IRON ALLOY 1 3/19/2010 METAL 51NW134.5 5 MET METAL ROD IRON ALLOY "C" SHAPED 1 3/19/2010

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STP STP TREE SUBTYPE / MATERIAL / SIZE / OTHER SITE AREA JT LEVEL CAT TYPE COUNT INITIALS DATE (N) (E) PLANTING FORM DECORATION COMMENTS POSSIBLE HINGE 51NW134.5 5 MET UID METAL IRON ALLOY WITH LOCKING 1 3/19/2010 PIN MOUNT UID 51NW134.5 2150 1987.5 CER BODY GLAZE MISSING 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 EARTHENWARE GREEN TINT MULTIPLE AIR 51NW134.5 2150 1987.5 GLS BODY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 VESSEL BUBBLES 51NW134.5 2150 1987.5 PER HASP BRASS 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 POSSIBLE 51NW134.5 2150 1987.5 MET UID METAL IRON ALLOY 1 KB / CD 12/3/2010 COVER

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APPENDIX C: 51NW201 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

Archaeological Survey of the Tudor Place North Yard, Washington D.C.

On behalf of the Tudor Place, Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail) conducted Phase I testing in what was once the north yard of Tudor Place’s in Washington D.C The area, now the east and south lawn of the Moore-Langhorne House at 1680 31st Street (51NW201), was part of the original eighteenth-century Tudor Place parcel and sold off in the mid-nineteenth century (Figure 41, p. 124). The area is currently a grass-covered lawn (Figure 42 and Figure 43, p. 125). Current plans call for new, intensive landscaping throughout this area. The project involved the excavation of shovel test pits throughout the yard area. The goal of the work was to gather data to obtain a better understanding property’s historical use, particularly any occupation information associated with the original late-eighteenth century layout of Tudor Place. The work was conducted on October 6, 2009 by Kerri S. Barile (Principal Investigator) and Carthon W. Davis, III.

The pedestrian survey confirmed that the area is a manicured lawn with twentieth century modifications including the construction of a patio, an in-ground pool, a gravel parking area, and a large addition to the circa 1871 home on the lot. A total of 10 shovel tests were excavated across the area at 12.5-foot intervals to determine if intact features are located below the surface and collect artifacts that may help create an occupational narrative of this portion of the property (Figure 44, p. 126). In general, the soils appear undisturbed in the eastern and southern portions of the yard. Most contained a grayish-brown silty loam over a yellow-brown subsoil. Soils excavated along the eastern and southern perimeters of the yard near the existing brick walls were much more compact that soils encountered closer to the house. Interestingly, very few of the shovel tests contained architectural debris associated with the construction of the existing home in 1870. Due to the close proximity of the yard to the main house and the capacious nature of the dwelling, small fragments of building materials were expected such as brick, stone, mortar and nails. Their absence could suggest that the existing lawn has been extremely modified since the home was built in the late-nineteenth century, that the primary staging area for all construction activity was to the rear (west) of the home, or, most likely, both scenarios are true (Figure 45, p. 127). The only feature noted during the work was a small depression located in the south yard, measuring approximately 5x5 feet (1.5x1.5 meters). Shovel test 6 was placed along the northwest corner of the feature to identify its use and depth. Soils within the shovel test had a looser consistency than the surrounding matrix and contained a high density of brick and charcoal flecking. However, no distinct feature components such as intact building materials or soil staining were noted during the excavation. As such, the exact use of this feature is unknown.

The project area as a whole contains artifacts that span the entire 200 year occupation of this lot. A total of 176 artifacts was recovered in the tested areas. Of this number, architectural materials comprised the largest percentage of the assemblage (36 percent; n=63), followed by ceramics (31 percent; n=54), glass (18 percent; n=32), and organic materials (10 percent; n=18). Among the notable artifacts found during the survey were several fragments of hand-painted porcelain, creamware, and coarse earthenware, which may have an eighteenth century connection. Also

found in the area were two clear glass beads. While the beads cannot conclusively date this area, they are interesting reminders of the individuals who once occupied the land. A more recent personal tie to the property is a single fragment of a vinyl music record, one of several late- twentieth century artifacts found on the parcel.

Moore-Langhorne House

Tudor Place Mansion

Figure 41: Aerial Overview of Tudor Place and North Yard Area, Now the Location of the Moore-Langhorne House (51NW201).

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Figure 42: Overview of Area South of Moore House, Looking West.

Figure 43: Overview of Area East of Moore House, Looking South.

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2 3

4 5 10 6

7 9 8

Figure 44: Close-Up Aerial of the North Yard/Moore-Langhorne House Lot Showing Shovel Test Locations.

Following the Phase I archaeological survey, in March of 2010, Dovetail was contacted by the Tudor Place to monitor landscaping activities on the Moore-Langhorne property, following the discovery of a double-barrel pistol by landscapers (Figure 46, p. 127). With the potential for additional subsurface archaeological deposits and cultural features, a Dovetail archaeologist was brought to monitor the remaining excavations associated with the landscape modifications to the property. Arbitrary numbers were designed to the general locations of recovered artifacts (i.e. Boxwood 1) (Figure 47 and Figure 48, p. 128). The recovery of the gun initially indicated potential for a concentration of cultural activity in the area, however, no additional significant information was obtained in relation to the gun. Engraved on the pistol is the marking “B” with a “LG” under it, markings associated with Belgium/Liege. Given this, among other key details, the gun has been identified as Belgium in origin, possibly manufactured during 1810–1830. At this time there is no further information on the intriguing discovery. A few additional artifacts were collected from the area around the pistol, designated as Boxwood 1, including butchered bone, clear bottle glass, ironstone (1840–2000), pearlware (1775–1830), and cut nails (1810– 1890).

Additional excavations took place north and south of the front stairs of the Moore-Langhorne home. The northern area, designated Boxwood 4, contained relatively few artifacts. However, a concentration of ash and charcoal was noted in this area. This feature was approximately 4 inches thick and 28 inches wide (Figure 49, p. 129). No cultural material was observed in this feature and it was deemed to be an ash pit.

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Figure 45: Disturbed Parking Area West of House, Looking Southeast. Pool is in the background.

The final excavation area, designated Boxwood 3, proved the most intriguing. This location produced few artifacts, including a glass marble, pearlware (1755–1830), creamware (1762– 1820), oyster shell, and bone, as well as a potential building feature. The feature contained what appeared to be a piece of cut schist measuring 8x10 inches (20.3x25.4 cm) with a dark linear stain measuring 44x18 inches (111.8x45.7 cm) (Figure 50, p. 129). Soils within the feature were a very dark grayish brown with brick, slate, and plaster flecking. While no definitive building pattern was recorded at this location, the presence of plaster, slate, brick, and cut schist suggests this could be the location of a possible (unknown use) building.

Figure 46: View of Recovered Belgium Pistol, Found at Boxwood 1.

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Boxwood 2 Boxwood 1

Figure 47: Southeastern corner of 1680 31st Street, Looking Northwest.

Boxwood 3

Boxwood 4

Figure 48: Southeastern corner of 1680 31st Street, Looking South. Note Tudor Place Administrative Building in background.

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In sum, cultural materials dating to the eighteenth century were recovered from the project area, but were mixed within contexts also containing nineteenth- and twentieth-century materials. Evidence suggests that this area was indeed occupied during the eighteenth-century use of Tudor Place, but most subsurface evidence of that occupation was destroyed during construction of the circa 1871 house on the lot and subsequent land modifications. While not definitive, remains of a building are possibly located on the property. Sadly, given the condition of the cultural materials and significant disturbance from construction of the present-day house, a date cannot be placed with the possible structural feature.

Figure 49: View of Ash Pit Feature, Facing East.

Figure 50: View of Feature Located at Boxwood 3, Facing West.

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SHOVEL TEST CATALOGUE, From Langhorne Survey at Tudor Place.

Start End STP Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Date Initials Depth Depth On north side of 10 YR 4/3, brown, silty entrance sidewalk in I 0 8 + 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD loam front yard between house and 31st street 10 YR 3/2, very dark Ginger Contained fragments of 1 grayish brown, silty loam, II 8 20 stoneware, roofing slate and stone 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD high density of pea glass fragments (small) gravels and brick. 10 YR 5/6, yellowish III 20 24 brown, clay loam with 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD mottling gray clay On south side of entrance sidewalk in 10 YR 5/2, grayish brown, I 0 7 + eastern half of front 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD silty loam yard between house and 31st street 2 10 YR 4/2, dark grayish Creamware, II 7 14 brown, silty loam, black glazed 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD charcoal flecking redware 10 YR 5/6, yellowish III 14 17 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD brown, clay loam Halted at large cobble in center of STP, large 10 YR 4/2, dark grayish cobbles found 3 I 0 15 + 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD brown, silty loam throughout. Bricks and charcoal flecking in walls.

10 YR 5/2, grayish brown, In side yard between 4 I 0 3 + 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD silty loam houses on NE corner

Start End STP Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Date Initials Depth Depth Hand-painted 10 YR 4/2, dark grayish II 3 14 whiteware, 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD brown, silty loam glass 10 YR 5/6, yellowish III 14 18 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD brown, clay loam 8' south of south edge 10 YR 5/2, grayish brown, bottom step on south I 0 2 + 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD silty loam elevation in N center of side yard High density of glass 5 10 YR 4/2, dark grayish and ceramic fragments II 2 15 brown, silty loam + with high density of 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD (compact) brick and charcoal flecking 10 YR 5/6, yellowish III 15 19 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD brown, clay loam In side yard at NW 10 YR 5/2, grayish brown, S hook, I 0 4 corner of 5'x5' 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD silty loam cinder block depression High density of glass 10 YR 4/2, dark grayish and ceramic fragments Hand-painted 6 II 4 14 brown, silty loam with high density of 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD porcelain (compact) brick and charcoal flecking Rich brown + grey silty III 14 18 clay mottled equally. 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD (very firm) 10 YR 5/2, grayish brown, I 0 7 + 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD silty loam High density of glass 7 10 YR 4/2, dark grayish and ceramic fragments II 7 15 brown, silty loam + with high density of 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD (compact) brick and charcoal flecking

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Start End STP Level Soil Description Artifacts Comments Date Initials Depth Depth 10 YR 5/6, yellowish III 15 20 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD brown, clay loam

10 YR 5/2, grayish brown, I 0 4 + 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD silty loam High density of glass 10 YR 4/2, dark grayish and ceramic fragments 8 II 4 12 brown, silty loam + with high density of 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD (compact) brick and charcoal flecking 10 YR 5/6, yellowish III 12 18 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD brown, clay loam 10 YR 5/3, grayish brown, I 0 4 + 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD silty loam High density of glass 10 YR 4/2, dark grayish and ceramic fragments 9 II 4 11 brown, silty loam + with high density of 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD (compact) brick and charcoal flecking 10 YR 5/6, yellowish III 11 16 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD brown, clay loam Located approx. 5 ft NE 10 YR 5/3, grayish brown, Oyster shell, I 0 7 of pool fence and 7 ft S 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD silty loam brick of walkway 10 YR 4/2, dark grayish 10 II 7 16 brown, silty loam + 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD (compact) Area to W of STP 10 is 10 yr 5/6, yellowish III 16 20 disturbed due to pool 10/6/2009 KSB/CWD brown, clay loam construction

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ARTIFACT CATALOGUE, From Langhorne Survey at Tudor Place

Site STP Level Cat Type Subtype / Form Material / Decoration Size / Other Comments Count

I GLS Brown bottle Textured with lettering 1 I OTH Plastic Red and black 1 I ARC Slate Possible roof shingle 1 I PER Vinyl Record 1 I ARC Brick Hand made 3 51NW201 1 I ARC Brick Hand made Mortar attached 1 I GLS Clear container Rim 1 I ORG Shell UID 5 I OTH Insulator Ceramic 1 I OTH Slag Iron 1 II ARC Brick Machine made Mortar attached 1 II ORG Coal 1 I GLS Aqua container Rim 1 I ARC Brick Machine made 2 51NW201 2 I CER Refined earthenware Whiteware / body 1 II CER Refined earthenware Redware / body Black lead glaze 1 II ARC Brick Hand made 1 I ARC Window glass Post-industrial 4 I GLS Clear container Body 2 Yellowware / Underglazed, cobalt I CER Refined earthenware 1 body oxide 51NW201 3 I ARC Slate Possible roof shingle 1 I ARC Mortar 1 Round pieces, appear as I ARC Plug Mortar and rhyolite possible plug with stone 2 masking cap I ORG Coal 3 51NW201 I GLS Clear container Body Molded 2 4 I GLS Clear container Body 1 51NW201 I ARC Window glass Post-industrial 1

Site STP Level Cat Type Subtype / Form Material / Decoration Size / Other Comments Count I ARC Slate Possible roof shingle 1 I CER Earthenware Redware / body 1 I CER Refined earthenware Redware / body Lead glaze 1 I ARC Brick Hand made 1 Overglazed, hand I CER Refined earthenware Creamware / body painted, blue / pink / red, 1 4 embossed II ARC Brick Hand made 4 II ORG Coal 2 II CER Porcelain Chinese / rim 1 II CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / body 1 II CER Refined earthenware Creamware / body 1 I MET Nail Horseshoe Complete 1 I GLS Green container Body 1 I GLS Clear container Body 5 I ARC Brick Machine made 3 I MET Uid Iron alloy 1 I ARC Mortar 1 I CER Earthenware Redware / body 1 Porcellaneous / I CER Porcelain 1 body 51NW201 I/II CER Refined earthenware Creamware / rim 1 5 I/II CER Earthenware Redware / body 1 I/II PER Bead Clear glass 2 II ARC Brick Hand made 3 II ARC Brick Hand made Glazed 3 II CER Earthenware Redware / body Black lead glaze Burned 2 II CER Earthenware Redware / body 2 II ORG Coal 1 Underglazed, transfer II CER Refined earthenware UID / rim 1 print, cobalt oxide II ARC Window glass Post-industrial 2

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Site STP Level Cat Type Subtype / Form Material / Decoration Size / Other Comments Count Rockingham / II CER Refined earthenware Dark rockingham 4 body I ARC Brick Hand made 3 I CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / rim 1 I MET Hook and eye Iron alloy Complete 1 I ARC Nail UID Shaft 1 I ARC Mortar 1 II ARC Brick Hand made 2 II ORG Coal 2 II ARC Nail Ungalvanized wire Shaft and tip 1 51NW201 6 II GLS Clear container Body 2 II CER Refined earthenware Ironstone / body Molded 1 II CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / base Molded 1 II CER Refined earthenware Whiteware / body 2 II CER Porcelain Chinese / body 1 Underglazed, transfer II CER Porcelain Chinese / body 1 print, cobalt oxide Underglazed, transfer II CER Porcelain Chinese / base 1 print, cobalt oxide I ARC Slate Possible roof shingle 1 I GLS Clear container Body 1 I GLS Clear container Body Burned 1 I GLS Aqua container Body 1 51NW201 7 I ARC Window glass Post-industrial 1 I CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / body 1 Lettering/numbering I CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / base 1 "rcular" "1" Porcellaneous / I CER Porcelain 1 51NW201 body 8 I ARC Nail Cut Cut head Complete 1 II ARC Window glass Post-industrial 1 II CER Refined earthenware Creamware / body 1

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Site STP Level Cat Type Subtype / Form Material / Decoration Size / Other Comments Count II CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / body 1 Underglazed, transfer II CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / body 1 print, cobalt oxide Underglazed, transfer II CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / rim 1 print, cobalt oxide I ARC Window glass Post-industrial 3 I GLS Clear container Body 2 I CER Refined earthenware Redware / body Glaze missing 1 51NW201 9 I CER Refined earthenware Whiteware / body Underglazed, pink paint 1 I CER Refined earthenware Whiteware / body 1 I ARC Uid detail piece Mortar attached 2 II GLS Green bottle Body Thin 2 I ARC Brick Machine made 1 I ARC Brick Hand made 4 I CER Earthenware Terra cotta / rim 1 I MET Wire Iron alloy 1 I ARC Slate Possible roof shingle 1 I ORG Coal 2 I GLS Clear container Body 5 51NW201 I CER Refined earthenware UID Lead glaze, brown 1 II ORG Shell Oyster 1 II ARC Nail Cut Shaft 1 10 II GLS Milk glass 1 II GLS Clear container Body 3 II ARC Window glass Post-industrial 1 II CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / body 1 II CER Refined earthenware UID Burned 1 Underglazed, transfer II CER Refined earthenware Pearlware / body Burned 1 print, cobalt oxide II CER Earthenware Redware / body 7 II ARC Brick Machine made 2 II CER Earthenware Terra cotta / body 1

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Site STP Level Cat Type Subtype / Form Material / Decoration Size / Other Comments Count II CER Earthenware Terra cotta / rim 1

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ARTIFACT CATALOGUE, From Monitoring on Langhorne Property at Tudor Place

MATERIAL / SITE AREA CAT TYPE SUBTYPE / FORM SIZE / OTHER COMMENTS COUNT INITIALS DATE DECORATION

51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 ORG BONE MAMMAL BUTCHER MARKS 3 KSG 3/11/2010 DOUBLE 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 ARM PISTOL BARREL/BELGIUM BRASS 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 MET UID IRON ALLOY 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 ARC NAIL CUT/CUT HEAD COMPLETE 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 ARC NAIL CUT/UID HEAD COMPLETE 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 ARC NAIL CUT SHAFT 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 GLS VESSEL BODY AND STEM ETCHED STEMWARE 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 CER PEARLWARE BODY AND BASE 2 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 CER IRONSTONE BASE AND BODY CRAZED 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 CER IRONSTONE RIM CRAZED 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 GLS CLEAR BOTTLE BODY AND BASE 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 GLS CLEAR BOTTLE BODY 2 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 CER PORCELLANEOUS BODY AND BASE 3 KSG 3/11/2010 LIGHT GREEN 51NW201 BOXWOOD 1 GLS BOTTLE BODY MOLDED 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 3 ORG BONE MAMMAL BUTCHER MARKS 1 KSG 3/11/2010 TAN PAINT REMNANTS OVER 51NW201 BOXWOOD 3 ARC PLASTER LIME/WHITE WHITEWASH 2 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 3 ORG OYSTER SHELL 2 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 3 ARC MORTAR 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 3 CER CREAMWARE BASE AND BODY 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 3 PER MARBLE CLEAR GLASS 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 3 CER PEARLWARE BODY 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 3 CER PORCELLANEOUS BASE AND BODY 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 3 CER EARTHENWARE BODY PINK BODIED/PARTIAL LEAD GLAZE 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 4 CER CREAMWARE BODY 1 KSG 3/11/2010

MATERIAL / SITE AREA CAT TYPE SUBTYPE / FORM SIZE / OTHER COMMENTS COUNT INITIALS DATE DECORATION

51NW201 BOXWOOD 4 CER EARTHENWARE RIM BUFF EXTERIOR 1 KSG 3/11/2010 LIGHT GRAY 51NW201 BOXWOOD 4 CER STONEWARE BODY BODIED 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 4 ARC NAIL CUT/CUTHEAD COMPLETE 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 4 ARC NAIL CUT/CUT HEAD HEAD AND SHAFT 1 KSG 3/11/2010 51NW201 BOXWOOD 4 ARC ROOFING SLATE NAIL HOLES INTACT 1 KSG 3/11/2010 POSSIBLE DOOR 51NW201 BOXWOOD 4 ARC PLATE WOOD AND SCREWS INTACT 1 KSG 3/11/2010

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APPENDIX D: REPORT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT 1670 31ST STREET

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Report of Archaeological Investigations at 1670 31st St. (Tudor Place Property), Washington, DC (51NW134/4)

Prepared by Dennis J. Pogue March 2, 2006

Introduction:

On November 30, 2005, limited archaeological excavations were conducted at 1670, 31st St., in the yard adjoining a former residence now serving as administrative offices for the Tudor Place historic site. This work was carried out by Dennis J. Pogue, professional archaeologist and member of the Tudor Place Buildings and Grounds Advisory Committee, at the behest of Leslie Buhler, Executive Director of Tudor Place. The reason for undertaking the work was to provide an initial assessment of the area’s potential to contain significant archaeological remains, as part of the long range planning for the development and management of the site. In particular, the area in question has been identified as a potential building site for an expanded visitor services and collections storage facility.

Investigations:

A total of 10 shovel tests (roughly one-foot in diameter and no more than 1.5 feet in depth) were excavated in the yard bounded by a fence on the south and west, a driveway and parking lot on the north, and a sidewalk and the brick house/office on the east. The units were aligned in two parallel rows, with five tests in each row and spaced at a 20- foot interval, beginning 20 feet from the west corner of the house (see attachments A and B). The tests were hand excavated, the side walls were trowelled and examined, and the soils were screened for artifacts. Any artifacts recovered were saved for further analysis and the soil strata and their depths were recorded.

The area under investigation was selected due to the proposed long-range plan to construct a new support building in this location, with the placement of actual tests based on easy access and good survey conditions. Testing was not conducted in the driveway or parking area due to the presence of a combination of concrete and gravel surfaces. In addition, further testing was discontinued to the west after encountering a thick layer of apparently redeposited clay soils (test #10) that appears to extend to the boundary of the property. This assessment was based on the evidence provided by examining the ground surface and the sides of several apparently recently excavated pits.

Results:

Soils

No features were identified, and all artifacts were recovered from what appears to be a relatively homogeneous stratum of dark brown clay-loam. This stratum ranged from 0.80

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to 1.05 feet in thickness, overlying pale brown silty clay believed to be the natural soil substratum. The excavation of each test was discontinued upon encountering the subsoil, which occurred at a depth ranging from 0.75 to 1.5 feet below the ground surface. The dark brown clay-loam stratum is interpreted to be a plowzone, ie. a zone of intermixed soils caused by repeated agricultural plowing. In two tests (#4 and #5), the plowzone stratum was overlain by a thin stratum of mixed brown silty loam. In tests #6 and #7, the plowzone was overlain by a dark humic layer relating to an existing ivy bed. In tests #8 and #9, plowzone was overlain by a stratum of mixed loam and clay. In test #10, the plowzone was not encountered; the entire soil sequence down to subsoil consisted of intermixed clays and loam, with brick and carbon specks, and small rocks -- probably fill.

Artifacts

Artifacts were recovered from seven of the 10 test units (see Artifact Catalogue), yielding domestic objects such as ceramics and glass and a possible slate pencil, structural remains such as brick and iron objects that probably are nails, and coal and shell. Only a few of the artifacts can be dated with any degree of precision. Of the datable items, however, at least six quite likely date to the 18th or early 19th centuries. These consist of five sherds of Pearlware and one sherd of German (Rhenish) Stoneware (see Ivor Noel Hume, A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America, Alfred A. Knopf, 1969, Pp. 128-132 and 276- 285). At least two other artifacts -- one fragment of green bottle glass and one sherd of lead-glazed earthenware -- could very well date to the early 19th century, or earlier. The only artifacts recovered that are likely to date to the mid-19th century and later – or to the period of the existing house on the lot – are the brick fragments and coal, and one sherd of Whiteware.

Interpretation:

Given the presence nearby of a substantial brick dwelling dating to 1867, it was expected that artifacts relating to the construction of the building and to its occupation would be found in the survey area. However, the manufacture date of several of the ceramic fragments is significantly earlier than the date of the construction of the house. The presence of the plowzone stratum suggests that for some period of time the tract had been used agriculturally. Given the proximity of the plowed area to the existing house, it would seem likely that the plowing occurred before the house was constructed. The historical association of this tract with Tudor Place and the proximity to the main house suggests that the area may have been used as a garden. The presence of the early artifacts in the plowzone suggests that some domestic activity had occurred in or directly adjacent to the area before the garden was established. Given that slaves lived at Tudor Place in the antebellum period, and that the location of the quarters where those individuals resided is not known, it is tempting to infer that these materials relate to that occupation. The location toward the rear of the Tudor Place property provides some support for that inference. However, the present level of information about the site is meager, and clearly is not sufficient to support any interpretation beyond the observation that the age and quantity of domestic objects recovered suggests that domestic activities occurred in this general area, and that they may relate to the antebellum occupation of Tudor Place.

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Recommendations:

Clearly, additional excavations will be required to test the inferences outlined above. At present, the extent of the site – as evidenced by the distribution of artifacts – is unknown, as artifacts were recovered in seven of the 10 shovel tests. In order to establish the boundaries of the site, additional shovel tests should be excavated in a broader pattern radiating beyond the area tested. In addition, more substantial test units (typically five- by-five-feet in dimension) would need to be excavated to retrieve a larger artifact sample to more tightly date the period of occupation, to provide a better understanding of the soils, and to assess the integrity of the site.

If future plans continue to call for construction in this area, these more extensive and intensive investigations should be carried out well in advance of final planning. In the interim, the major recommendation is to protect the area from further disturbance.

Artifact Catalogue (51NW134/4):

#1: 1 lead-glazed earthenware, rim 1 clear flat glass 1 iron object (possible nail) 1 oyster shell 2 coal

#2: 1 Whiteware, undecorated 1 slate cylinder (possible pencil) 1 iron object 1 burned shell 1 coal

#3: none

#4: 1 gray Rhenish stoneware with incised and applied cobalt decoration 1 iron object (possible nail) 3 brick 1 sandstone

#5: none

#6: 1 clear flat glass 1 clear curved glass

#7: 2 Pearlware, undecorated 1 Pearlware, hand painted blue 1 brick 1 coal

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#8: 1 Porcelain, undecorated 2 Pearlware, blue transfer print 1 flower pot 1 brick 1 coal

#9: 1 clear flat glass 1 green bottle glass 1 brick 1 coal

#10: none

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