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Litigating for Lesbian and Gay Rights: a Legal History Patricia A
Santa Clara Law Santa Clara Law Digital Commons Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 1-1-1993 Litigating for Lesbian and Gay Rights: A Legal History Patricia A. Cain Santa Clara University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/facpubs Recommended Citation 79 Va. L. Rev. 1551 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LITIGATING FOR LESBIAN AND GAY RIGHTS: A LEGAL HISTORY PatriciaA. Cain* INTRODUCTION ( AY rights cases have never been at the forefront of the legal academy. For example, prior to the Supreme Court's decision in Bowers v. Hardwick,I the constitutional rights of gay men and lesbians were typically omitted from coverage in constitutional law classes. Even today, some constitutional law teachers continue to omit cover- age of lesbian and gay rights issues. The rights of lesbians and gay men were not totally ignored by pre- Hardwick legal scholars, however. Several constitutional scholars discussed the potential equal protection and due process claims of les- bian and gay litigants. 2 Rarely, however, did these legal scholars make lesbians and gay men the primary focal point of their work. * Professor of Law, University of Iowa. I would like to thank my friends at Lambda Legal Defense and the Gay and Lesbian Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union for their ongoing conversations regarding lesbian and gay rights litigation. -
Homosexual Democracy in America: Political Ideology & Organization in the Mattachine, 1950-1954
HOMOSEXUAL DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA: POLITICAL IDEOLOGY & ORGANIZATION IN THE MATTACHINE, 1950-1954 Learned Foote Senior Thesis Seminar Department of History, Columbia University Word Count: 16,640 April 4, 2011 CONTENTS Introduction 1 I. Historical Background 9 II. Harry Hay and The Fifth Order 16 III. Dale Jennings and The Mattachine Foundation 24 IV. Grassroots Growth 33 V. Constitutional Conventions 44 VI. Homosexual Democrats 56 Conclusion 66 Bibliography 69 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to the History Department for guiding a crop of undergraduates through the thesis seminar every year. I am indebted to Professor Hilary Hallett and Professor Alan Brinkley for their knowledge and criticism on this project. I am also especially thankful for the opportunity to learn from professors Carl Wennerlind, Anders Stephanson, Allan Silver, and Nancy W. Collins. The archivists at the ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives were informative, and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society proved accommodating. Historians Daniel Hurewitz and Craig Loftin offered invaluable suggestions on historical sources. Thanks to Matthew Thier and the Greer Feick family for making my stay in California so pleasant. Thanks to The Current: A Journal of Politics, Culture, and Jewish Affairs for publishing my first article on the Mattachine. Andrea Folds, Brenden Cline, Carlos Barriento, Gina Ciancone, and Joshua Teplitsky put up with my requests to read drafts and to provide feedback despite their own academic obligations. Finally, thanks to my grandfather, Don Foote, who made it possible for me to attend a university like Columbia. iii INTRODUCTION The Mattachine Society brought about the inception of American homosexual organization at the dawn of the Cold War. -
The Stonewall Rebellion of 1969: the Oral History of Roger Goodman
The Stonewall Rebellion of 1969: The Oral History of Roger Goodman Interviewer: Danielle Bernabei Interviewee: Roger Goodman Instructor: Mr. Haight Date: February 15, 2015 Table of Contents Interviewee Release Form…………………………………………………………………2 Student Release Form……………………………………………………………………..3 Statement of Purpose……………………………………………………………………...4 Biography………………………………………………………………………………….5 Historical Contextualization: The Turning Point of the Gay Rights Movement………….7 Interview Transcription…………………………………………………………………..18 Interview Analysis……………………………………………………………………….38 Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………41 Works Consulted…………………………………………………………………………44 Statement of Purpose The purpose of this American Century oral history project is to further understand the pivotal event that propelled the gay rights movement to its current success, the Stonewall Rebellion of 1969. Stonewall veteran Roger Goodman’s reflection in an interview, provides a valiant, and emotional statement on the rebellion with record of previous gay liberation efforts and the AIDS outbreak. Mr. Goodman’s childhood, and adult experiences as a member of the homosexual community, and as an active member in the fight for equality provide Mr. Goodman the ability to appraise the impact of the Stonewall Rebellion on the LGBT community and the efforts towards Civil Rights and the Gay Rights Movement. Biography of Roger Goodman Roger Goodman, M.Mus. M.Div. was born in New York City in 1946 and is the brother of Len Goodman who is three years older than Roger. He is the son of Florence and Gerald Goodman. Roger attended Oberlin College and Trinity College of Music in London for his undergraduate degree and attended Northwestern University for his M.Mus. He matriculated to Chicago Theological ‘Seminary and Seabury-Western Theological Seminary where he earned his M.Div., specializing in Queer Theology of the body. -
Mattachine Society 1 Mattachine Society
Mattachine Society 1 Mattachine Society Mattachine Society The May 1959 issue of the Mattachine Review, an American homophile magazine Formation 1950 Purpose Civil and political rights for homosexual men Headquarters Los Angeles, California Official language English Key people Harry Hay The Mattachine Society, founded in 1950, was one of the earliest homophile/homosexual organizations in the United States, probably second only to Chicago’s Society for Human Rights (1924). Harry Hay and a group of Los Angeles male friends formed the group to protect and improve the rights of homosexuals. Because of concerns for secrecy and the founders’ leftist ideology, they adopted the cell organization being used by the Communist Party of the United States. In the anti-Communist atmosphere of the 1950s, the Society’s growing membership replaced the group's early Communist model with a more traditional ameliorative civil-rights leadership style and agenda. Then, as branches formed in other cities, the Society splintered in regional groups by 1961. Founding Harry Hay conceived of the idea of a homosexual activist group in 1948. After signing a petition for Progressive Party presidential candidate Henry A. Wallace, Hay spoke with other gay men at a party about forming a gay support organization for him called "Bachelors for Wallace". Encouraged by the response he received, Hay wrote the organizing principles that night, a document he referred to as "The Call".[1] However, the men who had been interested at the party were less than enthusiastic the following morning.[] Over the next two years, Hay refined his idea, finally conceiving of an "international...fraternal order" to serve as "a service and welfare organization devoted to the protection and improvement of Society's Androgynous Minority".[2] He planned to call this organization "Bachelors Anonymous" and envisioned it serving a similar function and purpose as Alcoholics Anonymous.[3] Hay met Rudi Gernreich in July 1950. -
The Mobilization of the Gay Liberation Movement
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1986 The mobilization of the gay liberation movement Ramom de Souza Torrecilha Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, History Commons, and the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation de Souza Torrecilha, Ramom, "The mobilization of the gay liberation movement" (1986). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3661. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5545 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Ramom de Souza Torrecilha for the Master of Arts in Sociology presented July 23, 1986. Title: The Mobilization of the Gay Liberation Movement. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEE: Dr. Charles D. Bolton, Chairperson Dr. Jan Hajda Dr. Robert W. Shotola This thesis examines the development and evolution of the gay movement. It raises the questions as to why the gay movement was not organized prior to the 1960's. The study starts in the 1940's and ends in 1970. It employs qualitative research methods for the collection and analysis of primary and secondary data sources. Blumer's description of general and specific social movements and Resource Mobilization Theory were used as theoretical frames of reference. The former explained the 2 developmental stages in the career of the movement and the latter focused on the behavior of movement organizations. -
The Subjective Object; Or Harry Hay in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction by Gabriel Saloman
The Subjective Object; or Harry Hay in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction by Gabriel Saloman Part 1: "The Call" and the First Gathering of Radical Faeries A CALL TO GAY BROTHERS A SPIRITUAL CONFERENCE FOR RADICAL FAERIES A Call to Gay Brothers: A Spiritual Conference for Radical Faeries TO BE HELD LABOR DAY WEEKEND AUGUST 31-SEPTEMBER 1, 2, 1979 AT A DESERT SANCTUARY NEAR TUCSON Exploring breakthroughs in gay consciousness Sharing gay visions The spiritual dimensions of gayness It's in the air. Heard everywhere. At the World Symposium on Humanity the talk is about "New Age Politics" -- beyond Left and Right -- a synthesis of the political and spiritual movements of the past two decades....the need for "conscious beings" assuming responsibilities for social and political change -- a radical Circle of Dharma....something new is happening in our society with more and more people living and perceiving their lives differently....merging of political consciousness and spiritual consciousness -- an interest in healing society rather than championing exclusive claims to "rightness."....Does all of this political/spiritual ferment have any relevance to gay men? Is there a gay vision of New Age society? Is a "paradigm shift" in gay consciousness also manifesting itself? The answer to all of these questions is: YES! And many gay brothers are feeling the need to come together... To share insights about ourselves To dance in the moonlight To renew our oaths against patriarchy/corporations/racism To hold, protect, nurture and caress one another To talk -
Radical Love, Visionary Politics: the Adventure of Harry Hay
1 Radical Love, Visionary Politics: The Adventure of Harry Hay Will Roscoe, Ph.D. Keynote Address Radically Gay: The Life and Visionary Legacy of Harry Hay SEPTEMBER 27-30, 2012 NEW YORK CITY Rev. 10/14/12 2 Radical Love, Visionary Politics: The Adventure of Harry Hay Will Roscoe Its the summer of 1982 and my partner, Bradley Rose and I, are crammed into the front of Harry and John’s Datsun pickup careening down the mountain roads of Southern California, and Harry is regaling us with the story of the Milk Strike of 1934, when he hurled a brick at a mounted policeman and then set off on a wild chase through tenements of Bunker Hill and an encounter with a legendary queen named Clarabell. Driving with Harry was not for the faint of heart. Harry did not view the lines on the road as limits or guides for driving in, they were frontiers to be explored, limits to be tested, vantage points from which to view the others lanes. And so we’re swerving back and forth, story goes on, and Brad and I are exchanging nervous glances, waiting for a pause. Finally, Harry took a breath and Brad jumped in, “Harry…aren’t you driving on the shoulder of the road right now? Oh, yes, yes, my dear…now where was I at, oh yes …” A year later, we rent a houseboat in the San Joaquin delta. The idea was for the four of us to spend a few leisurely days tied up along the riverbanks, cooking, eating, and talking as we always did. -
Crafting Queer Identity, Building Coalitions, and Envisioning Liberation at the Intersections: a Rhetorical Analysis of 1970S Lesbian- Feminist Discourse
ABSTRACT Title of Document: CRAFTING QUEER IDENTITY, BUILDING COALITIONS, AND ENVISIONING LIBERATION AT THE INTERSECTIONS: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF 1970S LESBIAN- FEMINIST DISCOURSE Alyssa A. Samek Doctoral Candidate Directed by Professor Shawn J. Parry-Giles This study examines how lesbian-feminists navigated the competing pressures of identity politics and coalition politics and confronted compounding frustrations, divisions, and exclusionary practices throughout the 1970s. Specifically, the study attends to the ways lesbian-feminists rhetorically recalibrated their identities in and through coalitional relationships with such social movement communities as women’s liberation, gay liberation, and anti-war activism. In the process, they were able to build coalitional relationships with activists from other movements while retaining a space for articulating and bolstering their lesbian-feminist identities. This study accordingly examines lesbian-feminist published writings and speeches given during conferences, marches, demonstrations, and political rallies between 1970 and 1980 to reveal how they crafted a space for lesbian-feminist politics, identity, and liberation from within coalitional relationships that also marginalized them. The project intersects the theories of public address, social movement rhetoric, intersectionality, identity politics, and coalition politics to examine the strategic interaction between coalition politics and identity politics in lesbian-feminist activism. In particular, recalibration allowed lesbian-feminists to strategically capitalize on intersectionality in order to negotiate the tension between identity creation and coalition formation. Using the rhetorical strategy of pivoting to feature certain aspects of their identities with the various coalitions in mind, lesbian-feminists increased their visibility. They did so not only for the sake of promoting shared political goals and legitimizing lesbian-feminism, but also to confront social movement members on issues of exclusion, homophobia, and sexism.