DOCSLIB.ORG

Recent Structural Studies Along the Rand Anticline, Northern Margin of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Recent Structural Studies Along the Rand Anticline, Northern Margin of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI 1621.pdf RECENT STRUCTURAL STUDIES ALONG THE RAND ANTICLINE, NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE WITWATERSRAND BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA. Tony Jamison: Centre for Applied Mining and Exploration Geology (CAMEG),and Impact Cratering Research Group, Department of Geology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O.Box Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa. ([email protected]) Introduction: Structural investigations detailed mapping has encountered north-verging have been undertaken along the Rietfontein Fault thrusts intersecting the typical flower structure of south of the Johannesburg Dome, in the West the left-lateral wrench, and right-lateral Rand at Lindum Reefs Gold Mine in Gauteng transverse faults. Major shearing is found to Province; as well as on the northern flank of the occur at the bedding contacts of the brittle Rand Anticline at Ventersdorp and Drylands in quartzitic units. The latter are intensely Northwest Province. These sites are situated on shattered and are rotated into blocks, slivers and the northern margin of the late archaean boudins. Dating of individual events and their Witwatersrand Basin , a part of the basin that has sequence will require further systematic been preserved from erosion by the combination investigation by students currently mapping the of the Vredefort impact event and the meso- area. proterozoic Kibaran Namaqua-Natal mobile belt At Lindum Reefs opencast goldmine in the West compression within the Kaapvaal craton. The Rand, complex tectonic episodes affect the sites are being mapped and structural data Turffontein Subgroup and the unconformably recorded as well as specimens obtained for study overlying dolomites and Black Reef of the 2.6- of age relationships and analysis of paragenetic 2.25 Ga Transvaal Supergroup. These episodes sequences. The geodynamic model of Friese, are characterised by significant normal faults Charlesworth and McCarthy; (EGRU 292, 1995) overprinted by post Transvaal thrust faulting suggests that previously observed thrust with a westerly and northerly vergence. Some of tectonics concentric to the Vredefort Dome this thrust movement can be dated as pre- (2025 Ma) may be related more to the later Transvaal in age. (~1250 Ma) northwest directed compression of Some 100 km further west near the town of the Kibaran age orogenic process. The Ventersdorp, twenty trenches straddling the significance of the mapped data are discussed. Black Reef outcrop on the northern flank of the West Rand granite ridge have been mapped. These trenches of some 3 meters depth and 10 to 15 meters length revealed a little-known tectonic event which resulted in an imbricate south- verging thrust duplex of the thin Basal Contact Reef of the Black Reef Quartzite. The thrust zone interacts with both strike and dip faults, considerably modifying the geometry of the mineralised Black Reef channels. Additional crush and shear breccias have been created at low angles to bedding and could have acted as fluid pathways for late hydrothermal redistribution of gold. Results: The Rietfontein Fault zone[ 2,3], in the Florida-Roodepoort area west of Johannesburg, shows several tectonic events over a wide range of ages. Igneous and magmato-hydrothermal events have also contributed to fluid penetration and local mineralisation within the fault system. Recent Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI 1621.pdf Recent Structural Studies Along the Rand Anticline: A. A. Jamison The Drylands gold deposit, similarly situated on the northern flank of the West Rand granite ridge differs in its close association with a sill-like ultramafic intrusive and intense alteration of the overlying dolomites and shales to a manganiferous wad, with stockwork quartz veining containing gold. Tectonic deformation within this mineralized sequence and its age are not well understood but are very clearly inherent in the geometry of the deposit, which still requires detailed analysis. Thrust faults have been noted with an apparent northerly vergence, imbrication and folding of the stockwork veins Conclusion: These four localities are regarded as important windows into understanding the tectonic episodes that contribute to the geodynamic model for this region. At issue are the age and sequence of wrench tectonics, thrusting and back-thrusts. The Vredefort impact event, large-scale cratonic intrusion episodes such as the Bushveld Complex, and their attendant shock and gravity- induced outward-verging compressional tectonics and the overprinting of later craton- wide Kibaran (Grenville) northwest-directed thrust tectonics, should provide decipherable signatures in these relatively well exposed localities References: [1] Friese A.E.W, Charlesworth E.G. and McCarthy T.S.(1995) Econ. Geol. Res. Unit, Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Inf. Circ. No. 292.; [2] Mellor E.T. (1913), Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 16, 1-32 ; [3] Stanistreet I.G, McCarthy T.S, et al,(1986) Tectonophysics, 131, 53-74. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Acid Mine Drainage and Human Rights
    Acid Mine Drainage and Human Rights The South African Human Rights commission acknowledges MARIETTE LIEFFERINK and EUGENE VILJOEN for providing the photographs that appear in this booklet. Mariette is the CEO of the Federation for a Sustainable Environment and was a member of the SAHRC Section 05 Committee on Human Rights and Acid Mine Drainage. Eugene is one of the Commission’s valuable stakeholders who has worked on mining issues in the West Rand, Mogale City, for several years. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. What is Acid Mine Drainage? ---------------------------------------------------------4 2. How does Acid Mine Drainage impact on human rights? ---------------------6 2.1 Who is affected by the development of mines? --------------------------7 Consultation -----------------------------------------------------------------------8 Human rights and Business ----------------------------------------------------9 3. How is Acid Mine Drainage treated? --------------------------------------------- 10 Active Treatment Technology ------------------------------------------------ 11 Passive Treatment Technology ---------------------------------------------- 12 Recovery of useful minerals from AMD ----------------------------------- 13 4. What are mines doing about Acid Mine Drainage? --------------------------- 13 Industry Responses ------------------------------------------------------------- 14 5. What is the South African Government doing about Acid Mine Drainage in Gauteng? -------------------------------------------------- 15 5.1 Delayed Government
    [Show full text]
  • Acid Mine Drainage and Its Governance in the Gauteng City-Region 2015
    R E P Acid Mine Drainage A P L A N and its Governance O I S A C in the Gauteng City-Region C 10O Researched and written for the GCRO by Kerry Bobbins May 2015 ISBN Number: 978-0-620-65778-5 R E P Acid Mine Drainage A P L A N and its Governance O I S A C in the Gauteng City-Region C O Researched and written for the GCRO by Kerry Bobbins May 2015 List of Acronyms AECOM AECOMSM AMD Acid Mine Drainage BKS BKS Group (Pty) Ltd CB Central Basin CBD Central Business District CBEC Central Basin Environmental Corporation CGS Council for Geo-science CME Compliance and Monitoring Enforcement CRG Central Rand Gold CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DBSA Development Bank of South Africa DEA Department of Environmental Affairs DMR Department of Mineral Resources DNT Department of National Treasury DWA Department of Water Affairs DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry DWE Digby Wells Environmental DWS Department of Water and Sanitation EB Eastern Basin EBEC Eastern Basin Environmental Corporation ECL Environmental Critical Level EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ERPM/ERM East Rand Proprietary Mines FSE Federation for a Sustainable Environment GCIS Government Communication and Information System GCR Gauteng City-Region GCRO Gauteng City-Region Observatory GDACE Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Environment and Conservation GDARD Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development HDS High Density Sludge I&AP Interested and affected party IDC Industrial Development Corporation IMC Inter-Ministerial Committee LHWP Lesotho
    [Show full text]
  • Merafong City Local Municipality Local Integrated Transport Plan (LITP)
    Merafong City Local Municipality Local Integrated Transport Plan (LITP) October 2018 SUMMARY SHEET Report Type Transportation Planning Title Report Framework: Merafong City Local Municipality – Local Integrated Transport Plan Location Merafong City Local Municipality Client West Rand District Municipality Reference Number ITS 3893 Project Team Dr Pieter Pretorius Florence Asiimwe Henri Vorster Charmaine Dladla Cobus Lotz Contact Details Tel: 012 349 1664 Date October 2018 Report Status Second Draft INNOVATIVE TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS (PTY) LTD Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2. Legislation requirements ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3. Format of the LITP ...................................................................................................................... 4 2. TRANSPORT STATUS QUO .......................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Commuter Rail Facilities ............................................................................................................. 5 1.1. Mini-Bus Taxi Facilities ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E 1: I&Ap Database
    Scoping Report for the Proposed West Wits Mining Project August 2018 APPENDIX E 1: I&AP DATABASE E WEST WITS MLI (PTY) LTD WEST WITS MLI RIGHT APPLICAITON INTERESTED AND AFFECTED PARTY DATABASE TABLE 1: WARD COUNCILLORS, MUNICIPAL STRUCTURES, RESIDENTS AND RELATED FORUMS OR ASSOCIATIONS ........................................................................... 2 TABLE 2: MEETING ATTENDANCE REGISTERS................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 TABLE 3: COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL BUSINESSES, PARASTATALS, COMMUNITY STRUCTURES, NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS ASSOCIATIONS .............. 84 TABLE 4: REGULATORY AUTHORITIES .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 91 1 TABLE 1: WARD COUNCILLORS, MUNICIPAL STRUCTURES, RESIDENTS AND RELATED FORUMS OR ASSOCIATIONS Name and Surname Interest in Project Postal Address Contact numbers E-mail Elivis Matji Business 0792536704 [email protected]; AC Swart Hamberg Resident and 2 Bree Street 0832503492 [email protected]; Representative in Communities Hamberg Against Mining Roodepoort 1724 Alton Snyders Davidsonville Resident 0748743658 [email protected]; Fabian Minaar Resident 0781024421 Elizabeth Stapelberg Resident 29 Geoffrey Street 0820716437 [email protected]; Creswell Park [email protected]; Roodepoort
    [Show full text]
  • Mine Water Management in the Witwatersrand Gold Fields with Special Emphasis on Acid Mine Drainage
    MINE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE WITWATERSRAND GOLD FIELDS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ACID MINE DRAINAGE REPORT TO THE INTER-MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE ON ACID MINE DRAINAGE DECEMBER 2010 REPORT TO THE INTER-MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE ON ACID MINE DRAINAGE MINE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE WITWATERSRAND GOLD FIELDS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ACID MINE DRAINAGE Prepared by the Expert Team of the Inter-Ministerial Committee under the Coordination of the Council for Geoscience Team of Experts drawn from: The Council for Geoscience Department of Water Affairs Department of Mineral Resources Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Mintek Water Research Commission and Advisors: Prof. TS McCarthy – University of the Witwatersrand Prof G Steyl – University of the Free State Prof. J Maree – Tshwane University of Technology Prof. B Zhao – University of Fort Hare December 2010 TEAM OF EXPERTS — RESEARCHERS Chairperson Dr T Ramontja Chief Executive Officer – Council for Geoscience Compilers and contributing authors: Dr H Coetzee Specialist Scientist: Environmental Geoscience – Council for Geoscience Mr PJ Hobbs Senior Research Hydrogeologist – Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Dr JE Burgess Research Manager – Water Research Commission Prof. A Thomas Unit Manager: Central Regions – Council for Geoscience Mr M Keet Acting Director: Gauteng Regional Office – Department of Water Affairs Contributing authors: Dr B Yibas Geochemist/Geologist – Council for Geoscience Ms D van Tonder Geologist – Council for Geoscience Mr F Netili Hydrogeologist – Council for
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Water Levels in the Flooded Mines of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
    Proceedings IMWA 2016, Freiberg/Germany | Drebenstedt, Carsten, Paul, Michael (eds.) | Mining Meets Water – Conflicts and Solutions Management of water levels in the flooded mines of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Henk Coetzee1,2 1Council for Geoscience, 280 Pretoria Street, Silverton, Pretoria, South Africa, 2Department of Geosciences/Africa Earth Observatory Network, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Summerstrand Campus, Port Elizabeth, South Africa [email protected] Abstract Following the cessation of underground mining in the three original mining complexes in South Africa’s Witwatersrand Gold Field, mines started to flood with no control measures in place. In 2002, acidic water began to discharge from the West Rand Gold Field’s underground workings, negatively impacting on the downstream environment, with impacts identified in both surface and underground water. In the years following this, underground operations ceased in the Central Rand and East Rand Gold Fields and the underground workings were allowed to flood. Three approaches have been identified for the management of the flooded underground workings: Flooding and management of the discharge at surface. Maintaining the water level at a pre-determined safe level, locally referred to as an “environmental critical level” by pumping. Controlling the water level in the underground workings by means of a discharge tunnel. Currently, pump and treat programmes are at various stages of development and implementation in the three original gold fields. Planning for these has been severely hampered by a lack of reliable historical data on volumes pumped. The absence of supporting data also led to the selection of conservative environmental critical levels, which will be extremely costly to maintain.
    [Show full text]
  • Gold in South Africa by P.R
    J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metaff., vol. 86, no. 8 Aug. 1986. pp. 273-316. Gold in South Africa by P.R. JANISCH* SYNOPSIS This paper reviews the sources, production, and technology of gold in South Africa. First of all it details the geographical distribution of gold-bearing materials, together with the mineralogy and distribution of gold within those materials. It goes on to the geological origins, and to the discovery and early exploitation, of the gold deposits. The laws relating to the mining and disposal of the metal are explained, after which an outline is given of gold exploration, processing, and refining. The economics of gold production are discussed briefly, and it is concluded that, although present expertise in the financial and technological aspects of a gold-mining venture have largely reduced the risks involved, one severe risk remains: that the rate of cost inflation will not be matched by the rate of escalation in the gold price. SAMEV A TTING Hierdie referaat gee 'n oorsig oor die bronne, produksie en tegnologie van goud in Suid-Afrika. Eerstens verstrek dit besonderhede van die geografiese verspreiding van goudhoudende materiale tesame met die mineralogie en verspreiding van goud in daardie materiale. Daarna behandel dit die geologiese oorsprong, en vervolgens die ont- dekking en vroee ontginning van die goudafsettings. Die wette in verband met die ontginning van en beskikking oor die metaal word verduidelik, waarna goudeksplorasie, -verwerking en -raffinering in hooftrekke behandel word. Die ekonomie van goudproduksie word kortliks bespreek en die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat hoewel die huidige kundigheid wat betref die finansiele en tegnologiese aspekte van 'n goudmynonderneming die risiko's daaraan verbonde baie verminder het, daar nog een emstige risiko oorbly, naamlik dat die eskalasiekoers van die goudprys nie met die inflasiekoers van die koste sal tred hou nie.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study from the Witwatersrand Gold Basin, South Africa
    South African Journal of Geomatics, Vol. 4, No. 2, June 2015 Mineralogy and heavy metal content of secondary mineral salts: A case study from the Witwatersrand Gold Basin, South Africa. Mafuza Maya 1,3, Malcom Sutton1, Hlanganani Tutu2, Isabel Weiersbye 1, 1School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of Witwatersrand 2Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand 3Council for Geoscience Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajg.v4i2.8 Abstract Secondary minerals associated with acid mine drainage play an important role in metal cycling and may pose a geochemical hazard. The occurrence of secondary minerals indicates prevailing and past geochemical conditions. Detecting and characterising secondary minerals is necessary to the planning of remediation programmes. This paper investigates the mineralogical and heavy metal contents of mineral salts associated with acid mine drainage in the East Rand area of the Witwatersrand Basin. Powdered X-ray diffraction was used to identify and quantify mineralogical phases and a scanning electron microscope was used to determine the morphology of the identified minerals. Major cations and anions were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Ion Chromatography (IC). Geochemical modelling was used to predict the saturation of the minerals. Efflorescent crusts contained high levels of trace metals. Enrichment of trace metals, electrical conductivity and sulphate were highest in white salts. A high metal content was associated with low pH values in mineral salts. The salts were dominated by quartz and clay minerals of the smectite group. Tamarugite, apjohnite and jarosite were the predominant sulphate minerals in the salts.
    [Show full text]
  • 386 30-11-2016 Gautliquor
    THE PROVINCE OF DIE PROVINSIE VAN UNITY DIVERSITY GAUTENG IN GAUTENG Provincial Gazette Provinsiale Koerant EXTRAORDINARY • BUITENGEWOON Selling price • Verkoopprys: R2.50 Other countries • Buitelands: R3.25 PRETORIA Vol. 22 30 NOVEMBER 2016 No. 386 30 NOVEMBER 2016 We oil Irawm he power to pment kiIDc AIDS HElPl1NE 0800 012 322 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Prevention is the cure ISSN 1682-4525 N.B. The Government Printing Works will 00386 not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes 9 771682 452005 2 No. 386 PROVINCIAL GAZETTE, EXTRAORDINARY, 30 NOVEMBER 2016 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za PROVINCIAL GAZETTE, EXTRAORDINARY, 30 NOVEMBER 2016 No. 386 3 IMPORTANT NOTICE: THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING WORKS WILL NOT BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ERRORS THAT MIGHT OCCUR DUE TO THE SUBMISSION OF INCOMPLETE / INCORRECT / ILLEGIBLE COPY. NO FUTURE QUERIES WILL BE HANDLED IN CONNECTION WITH THE ABOVE. CONTENTS GENERAL NOTICE No Page No 1596 Gauteng Liqour Act, 2003 (Act No. 2 of 2003): Notice of applications for liquor licences in terms of section 24: Divided into the following regions: ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Johannesburg ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 Tshwane ......................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sinkholes and Subsidence in South Africa
    Western Cape Unit P.O. Box 572 Bellville 7535 SOUTH AFRICA c/o Oos and Reed Streets Bellville Cape Town Reception: +27 (0) 21 946 6700 Fax: +27 (0) 21 946 4190 Sinkholes and subsidence in South Africa A.C Oosthuizen and S. Richardson Council for Geoscience Report number: 2011-0010 © Copyright 2011. Council for Geoscience 1 Contents Contents..................................................................................................................................................2 Figures.....................................................................................................................................................2 Tables......................................................................................................................................................3 1 Introduction to sinkholes................................................................................................................1 2 Mechanism of sinkhole formation..................................................................................................1 2.1 Weathering of Dolomite........................................................................................................1 2.2 Sinkhole Formation................................................................................................................6 2.2.1 Sinkholes formed under the Ingress Scenario ..................................................................6 2.2.2 Sinkholes formed under the Dewatering Scenario (lowering of the groundwater table) 8 2.3
    [Show full text]
  • Investigations Into the Concentration Ratios of Selected
    INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CONCENTRATION RATIOS OF SELECTED RADIONUCLIDES IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AFFECTED BY MINE DRAINAGE EFFLUENTS WITH REFERENCE TO THE STUDY OF POTENTIAL PATHWAYS TO MAN REPORT TO THE WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION By C.A.R. Bain1, H.J. Schoonbee2, L.P.D. de Wet2 & J.J. Hancke1 1Earth and Environmental Technology Research Unit for Aquatic and Atomic Energy Corporation of S.A. Terrestrial Ecosystems P.O. Box 582 Department of Zoology Pretoria Rand Afrikaans University 0001 Aucklandpark 2006 WRC Report No. 313Jl August 1994 ISBN 1 86845 118 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research in this report emanated from a project funded by the Water Research Commission entitled: INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CONCENTRATION RATIOS OF SELECTED RADIONUCLIDES IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AFFECTED BY MINE DRAINAGE EFFLUENTS WITH REFERENCE TO THE STUDY OF POTENTIAL PATHWAYS TO MAN The Steering Committee for this project consisted of the following persons: Dr. HM Saayman Water Research Commission (Chairman) Dr. SA Mitchell Water Research Commission Mr. FP Marais Water Research Commission (Secretary) Dr. G de Beer Atomic Energy Corporation of SA Ltd. Dr. BB Hambleton-jones Atomic Energy Corporation of SA Ltd. Dr. CAR Bain Atomic Energy Corporation of SA Ltd. Prof. JE Saayman University of the North Prof. HJ Schoonbee Rand Afrikaans University Prof JH Swanepoel Rand Afrikaans University The financing of the project by the Water Research Commission and the contributions by the members of the Steering Committee are gratefully acknowledged. The Rand Afrikaans University and the Atomic Energy Corporation of SA Ltd. are also thanked for facilities and equipment provided which made this study possible.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Green Infrastructure in the Gauteng City-Region
    State of Green Infrastructure in the Gauteng City-Region Alexis Schäffler with Natasha Christopher, Kerry Bobbins, Emmarie Otto, Mduduzi W. Nhlozi, Martin de Wit, Hugo van Zyl, Douglas Crookes, Graeme Gotz, Guy Trangoš, Chris Wray, Potsiso Phasha VIEW FROM WATERKLOOF RIDGE, TSHWANE, 2013 Lead author: Alexis Schäffler GCRO Artwork: Natasha Christopher Wits School of Arts The Report overview on page 2 specifies the chapter breakdown and authorship of the following contributors: Kerry Bobbins, GCRO Mduduzi W. Nhlozi Emmarie Otto Martin de Wit, Hugo van Zyl, and Douglas J. Crookes (De Wit Sustainable Options (Pty, Ltd) The following also contributed with assistance on editing, design and mapping: Graeme Gotz, GCRO Guy Trangoš, GCRO Chris Wray, GCRO Potsiso Phasha, GCRO Cover image: North east view of Soweto from the July 2013 Oppenheimer Tower, Oppenheimer Park, Soweto, 2013: ISBN 978-0-620-57619-2 In the foreground, Central Western Jabavu, in the middle ground, Mofolo Central, in the background and horizon, Published by the Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO), Orlando and Diepkloof. a partnership of the University of Johannesburg, the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and the Design and layout: www.itldesign.co.za Gauteng Provincial Government. Contents Foreword 1 Report overview 2 Terminology 3 Section 1: Introduction 4 Section 2: State of green infrastructure in the GCR 20 Section 3: Government plans and initiatives 56 Section 4: Valuing ecosystems services 122 Section 5: Constructed landscapes 150 Section 6: Conclusion: research pathways ahead 172 Annexures 184 References 191 AGAVE PLANT, EMPIRE ROAD, JOHANNESBURG, 2013 i Tables Table 1. Resource pressures facing the GCR 8 Table 2.
    [Show full text]