DOCSLIB.ORG

Patterns of Genome Size Diversity in Bats (Order Chiroptera)1 Jillian D.L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Patterns of Genome Size Diversity in Bats (Order Chiroptera)1 Jillian D.L 457 ARTICLE Patterns of genome size diversity in bats (order Chiroptera)1 Jillian D.L. Smith, John W. Bickham, and T. Ryan Gregory Abstract: Despite being a group of particular interest in considering relationships between genome size and metabolic param- eters, bats have not been well studied from this perspective. This study presents new estimates for 121 “microbat” species from 12 families and complements a previous study on members of the family Pteropodidae (“megabats”). The results confirm that diversity in genome size in bats is very limited even compared with other mammals, varying approximately 2-fold from 1.63 pg in Lophostoma carrikeri to 3.17 pg in Rhinopoma hardwickii and averaging only 2.35 pg ± 0.02 SE (versus 3.5 pg overall for mammals). However, contrary to some other vertebrate groups, and perhaps owing to the narrow range observed, genome size correlations were not apparent with any chromosomal, physiological, flight-related, developmental, or ecological characteristics within the order Chiroptera. Genome size is positively correlated with measures of body size in bats, though the strength of the relation- ships differs between pteropodids (“megabats”) and nonpteropodids (“microbats”). Key words: Chiroptera, genome size, C-value, flight, metabolism. Résumé : Bien qu’elles constituent un groupe présentant un intérêt particulier pour l’étude des relations entre la taille du génome et les paramètres métaboliques, les chauves-souris n’ont pas été bien étudiées sous cet angle. Dans ce travail, les auteurs présentent des estimés pour 121 espèces de “microchiroptères” appartenant a` 12 familles et ceci vient compléter une étude antérieure sur des membres de la famille des Pteropodidae (“mégachiroptères”). Les résultats confirment que la diversité de la taille des génomes chez les chauves-souris est limitée par rapport a` d’autres mammifères, variant environ du simple au double entre 1,63 pg chez le Lophostoma carrikeri a` 3,17 pg chez le Rhinopoma hardwickii pour une moyenne de 2,35 pg ± 0,02 (contre 3,5 pg globalement chez les mammifères). Cependant, contrairement a` ce qui est observé chez d’autres vertébrés, peut-être en raison de la faible variation observée, la taille du génome ne semblait pas corrélée avec des caractéristiques chromosomiques, physio- logiques, liées au vol, développementales ou écologiques chez les chiroptères. La taille du génome était cependant positivement corrélée avec divers paramètres de la taille du corps chez les chauves-souris, bien que le degré de corrélation différait chez les ptéropodidés (“mégachiroptères”) et les non-ptéropodidés (“microchiroptères”). [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : Chiroptera, taille du génome, valeur C, vol, métabolisme. For personal use only. Introduction 132.83 pg), especially with the objective of identifying phenotypic The order Chiroptera is the second largest in mammals after correlates that could help to explain this astounding diversity rodents, and with >1100 species in 18 families it represents more (Gregory 2013). However, increasing attention has been paid more than one-fifth of all mammalian diversity (Wilson and Reeder recently to explaining the apparent constraint within some 2005). While bats share many commonalities with other mam- otherwise diverse vertebrate taxa, in particular among birds mals, they are the only mammals capable of true flight and, along (Andrews et al. 2009). with birds and the extinct pterosaurs, one of only three vertebrate It has been hypothesized that genome size may be constrained in taxa to have evolved this highly specialized mode of locomotion. some vertebrate groups with high metabolic rates. This is particu- Despite their diversity, abundance, and unique biology, bats re- larly relevant in those taxa subject to the extreme metabolic de- main poorly studied from several important perspectives. Nota- mands of powered flight owing to the relationship between genome bly, research into the diversity of genome size in bats is one such size, cell size, and mass-specific metabolic rate (Hughes and Hughes area that is lacking. Prior to recent work by the current authors 1995; Gregory 2002a; Organ and Shedlock 2009). Specifically, smaller Genome Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by 65.74.4.35 on 01/25/16 (J.D.L. Smith and Gregory 2009; present study), estimates available cells—which are associated with small genomes—have a higher sur- in the Animal Genome Size Database covered only 62 species from face area to volume ratio, allowing for improved gas exchange to 7 families (Gregory 2013). meet metabolic demands (Szarski 1983; Gregory 2001b). In one analysis, Hughes (1999) used a comparatively small data- Genome size constraint set for birds to suggest that strong flyers have smaller genomes The genome sizes of animals as a whole range more than 7000-fold. than weak flyers or flightless taxa (see also Gregory (2005a)). More Even among vertebrates, genome sizes vary by a factor of more recently, Andrews et al. (2009) used a much larger, newly gener- than 350. Not surprisingly, many studies on genome size in ani- ated dataset to examine the relationship between genome size mals have focused on groups with large amounts of variability, and flight using specific wing parameters. In this case, genome such as amphibians (1C = 0.95 – 120.60 pg) and “fishes” (1C = 0.35 – size was positively correlated with wing loading index (an inverse Received 8 March 2013. Accepted 8 July 2013. Corresponding Editor: Jillian Bainard. J.D.L. Smith and T.R. Gregory. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. J.W. Bickham. Battelle Memorial Institute, 10777 Westheimer, Suite 1105, Houston, TX 77042, USA. Corresponding author: T. Ryan Gregory (e-mail: [email protected]). 1This article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Genome Size Evolution. Genome 56: 457–472 (2013) dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2013-0046 Published at www.nrcresearchpress.com/gen on 23 September 2013. 458 Genome Vol. 56, 2013 indicator of flight efficiency) in passerine birds, lending support velopmental traits have also been studied in fishes, birds, and to the flight constraint hypothesis (Andrews et al. 2009). Fossil mammals (including within primates and rodents), although re- evidence also shows that avian dinosaurs and pterosaurs had ports have been conflicting with no clear indication of its impor- small genomes relative to nonflying lineages (Organ et al. 2007; tance to genome size (Morand and Ricklefs 2001, 2005; Gregory Organ and Shedlock 2009). In light of these studies on other flying 2002c; E.M. Smith and Gregory 2009). vertebrates, it seems that flight may indeed impose a constraint It might be tempting to assume that because links have been on genome size. Clearly, a study of bats also represents a critical found between genome size and one or more adaptive characters, component of this line of inquiry. that this alone may be responsible for observed diversity in DNA amount among species. However, there are nonadaptive possibil- Explaining genome size diversity within bats ities that should also be considered. For example, it is possible While genome size in bats appears constrained based on the lim- that mutational processes at the level of whole chromosomes play ited sampling conducted to date, little is known about the causes and an important role. Indeed, a link has been found between genome consequences of this variation. Flight is a proposed constraint on size and chromosomal number in teleost fishes (Mank and Avise genome size; however, previous studies have not considered rela- 2006; E.M. Smith and Gregory 2009). Whether genome size is driven tionships between genome size and flight or any other organism by chromosomal duplications or losses, or whether more DNA is level traits within Chiroptera, such that work on this group lags associated with higher rates of breakage, remains an open issue. It is, behind that focusing on other vertebrates (reviewed in Gregory therefore, worth examining these associations in bats and other 2005a). Mammals, like birds, demonstrate strong positive links be- groups. tween genome size and cell size and inverse relationships between Another intriguing possibility relates genome size to mutation genome size and metabolic rate (Vinogradov 1995; Gregory 2000). In rate, genetic drift, and population size. From the perspective of some cases, relationships can be identified within individual orders, population genetics, smaller populations are more susceptible to such as a correlation between genome size and body size in rodents the influence of genetic drift, and thus the genomes of these (Gregory 2002c) or between genome size, cell size, and flight param- animals are more likely to retain mildly deleterious mutations. eters within the avian order Passeriformes (Andrews et al. 2009). Lynch and Conery (2003) proposed that animals have larger ge- It, therefore, remains an important question whether cell- and nomes relative to prokaryotes and unicellular organisms because organism-level traits, especially those relevant to flight, are related to their smaller population sizes passively allowed for the accumu- genome size diversity among bats; and whether this can help to lation of gene duplications and mobile genetic elements. While explain patterns within this highly diverse mammalian order, in empirical support for this model has been limited (Gregory and addition to assessing the larger issue of flight-related constraints Witt 2008), this remains a question
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bat Conservation 2021
    Bat Conservation Global evidence for the effects of interventions 2021 Edition Anna Berthinussen, Olivia C. Richardson & John D. Altringham Conservation Evidence Series Synopses 2 © 2021 William J. Sutherland This document should be cited as: Berthinussen, A., Richardson O.C. and Altringham J.D. (2021) Bat Conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Cover image: Leucistic lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in a former water mill, Wales, UK. Credit: Thomas Kitching Digital material and resources associated with this synopsis are available at https://www.conservationevidence.com/ 3 Contents Advisory Board.................................................................................... 11 About the authors ............................................................................... 12 Acknowledgements ............................................................................. 13 1. About this book ........................................................... 14 1.1 The Conservation Evidence project ................................................................................. 14 1.2 The purpose of Conservation Evidence synopses ............................................................ 14 1.3 Who this synopsis is for ................................................................................................... 15 1.4 Background .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bat Echolocation Research a Handbook for Planning and Conducting Acoustic Studies Second Edition
    Bat Echolocation Research A handbook for planning and conducting acoustic studies Second Edition Erin E. Fraser, Alexander Silvis, R. Mark Brigham, and Zenon J. Czenze EDITORS Bat Echolocation Research A handbook for planning and conducting acoustic studies Second Edition Editors Erin E. Fraser, Alexander Silvis, R. Mark Brigham, and Zenon J. Czenze Citation Fraser et al., eds. 2020. Bat Echolocation Research: A handbook for planning and conducting acoustic studies. Second Edition. Bat Conservation International. Austin, Texas, USA. Tucson, Arizona 2020 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ii Table of Contents Table of Figures ....................................................................................................................................................................... vi Table of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................ vii Contributing Authors .......................................................................................................................................................... viii Dedication…… .......................................................................................................................................................................... xi Foreword…….. ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 33245 02 Inside Front Cover
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KnowledgeBank at OSU 186 BATS OF RAVENNA VOL. 106 Bats of Ravenna Training and Logistics Site, Portage and Trumbull Counties, Ohio1 VIRGIL BRACK, JR.2 AND JASON A. DUFFEY, Center for North American Bat Research and Conservation, Department of Ecology and Organismal Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47089; Environmental Solutions & Innovations, Inc., 781 Neeb Road, Cincinnati, OH 45233 ABSTRACT. Six species of bats (n = 272) were caught at Ravenna Training and Logistics Site during summer 2004: 122 big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), 100 little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus), 26 red bats (Lasiurus borealis), 19 northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), three hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), and two eastern pipistrelles (Pipistrellus subflavus). Catch was 9.7 bats/net site (SD = 10.2) and 2.4 bats/net night (SD = 2.6). No bats were captured at two net sites and only one bat was caught at one site; the largest captures were 33, 36, and 37 individuals. Five of six species were caught at two sites, 2.7 (SD = 1.4) species were caught per net site, and MacArthur’s diversity index was 2.88. Evidence of reproduction was obtained for all species. Chi-square tests indicated no difference in catch of males and reproductive females in any species or all species combined. Evidence was found of two maternity colonies each of big brown bats and little brown myotis. Capture of big brown bats (X2 = 53.738; P <0.001), little brown myotis (X2 = 21.900; P <0.001), and all species combined (X2 = 49.066; P <0.001) was greatest 1 – 2 hours after sunset.
    [Show full text]
  • Bat Distribution in the Forested Region of Northwestern California
    BAT DISTRIBUTION IN THE FORESTED REGION OF NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA Prepared by: Prepared for: Elizabeth D. Pierson, Ph.D. California Department of Fish and Game William E. Rainey, Ph.D. Wildlife Management Division 2556 Hilgard Avenue Non Game Bird and Mammal Section Berkeley, CA 9470 1416 Ninth Street (510) 845-5313 Sacramento, CA 95814 (510) 548-8528 FAX [email protected] Contract #FG-5123-WM November 2007 Pierson and Rainey – Forest Bats of Northwestern California 2 Pierson and Rainey – Forest Bats of Northwestern California 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bat surveys were conducted in 1997 in the forested regions of northwestern California. Based on museum and literature records, seventeen species were known to occur in this region. All seventeen were identified during this study: fourteen by capture and release, and three by acoustic detection only (Euderma maculatum, Eumops perotis, and Lasiurus blossevillii). Mist-netting was conducted at nineteen sites in a six county area. There were marked differences among sites both in the number of individuals captured per unit effort and the number of species encountered. The five most frequently encountered species in net captures were: Myotis yumanensis, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Myotis lucifugus, Eptesicus fuscus, and Myotis californicus; the five least common were Pipistrellus hesperus, Myotis volans, Lasiurus cinereus, Myotis ciliolabrum, and Tadarida brasiliensis. Twelve species were confirmed as having reproductive populations in the study area. Sampling sites were assigned to a habitat class: young growth (YG), multi-age stand (MA), old growth (OG), and rock dominated (RK). There was a significant response to habitat class for the number of bats captured, and a trend towards differences for number of species detected.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List
    Mozambique: Species List Birds Specie Seen Location Common Quail Harlequin Quail Blue Quail Helmeted Guineafowl Crested Guineafowl Fulvous Whistling-Duck White-faced Whistling-Duck White-backed Duck Egyptian Goose Spur-winged Goose Comb Duck African Pygmy-Goose Cape Teal African Black Duck Yellow-billed Duck Cape Shoveler Red-billed Duck Northern Pintail Hottentot Teal Southern Pochard Small Buttonquail Black-rumped Buttonquail Scaly-throated Honeyguide Greater Honeyguide Lesser Honeyguide Pallid Honeyguide Green-backed Honeyguide Wahlberg's Honeyguide Rufous-necked Wryneck Bennett's Woodpecker Reichenow's Woodpecker Golden-tailed Woodpecker Green-backed Woodpecker Cardinal Woodpecker Stierling's Woodpecker Bearded Woodpecker Olive Woodpecker White-eared Barbet Whyte's Barbet Green Barbet Green Tinkerbird Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pied Barbet Black-collared Barbet Brown-breasted Barbet Crested Barbet Red-billed Hornbill Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill Crowned Hornbill African Grey Hornbill Pale-billed Hornbill Trumpeter Hornbill Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Southern Ground-Hornbill Eurasian Hoopoe African Hoopoe Green Woodhoopoe Violet Woodhoopoe Common Scimitar-bill Narina Trogon Bar-tailed Trogon European Roller Lilac-breasted Roller Racket-tailed Roller Rufous-crowned Roller Broad-billed Roller Half-collared Kingfisher Malachite Kingfisher African Pygmy-Kingfisher Grey-headed Kingfisher Woodland Kingfisher Mangrove Kingfisher Brown-hooded Kingfisher Striped Kingfisher Giant Kingfisher Pied
    [Show full text]
  • African Bat Conservation News
    Volume 35 African Bat Conservation News August 2014 ISSN 1812-1268 © ECJ Seamark, 2009 (AfricanBats) Above: A male Cape Serotine Bat (Neoromicia capensis) caught in the Chitabi area, Okavango Delta, Botswana. Inside this issue: Research and Conservation Activities Presence of paramyxo and coronaviruses in Limpopo caves, South Africa 2 Observations, Discussions and Updates Recent changes in African Bat Taxonomy (2013-2014). Part II 3 Voucher specimen details for Bakwo Fils et al. (2014) 4 African Chiroptera Report 2014 4 Scientific contributions Documented record of Triaenops menamena (Family Hipposideridae) in the Central Highlands of 6 Madagascar Download and subscribe to African Bat Conservation News published by AfricanBats at: www.africanbats.org The views and opinions expressed in articles are no necessarily those of the editor or publisher. Articles and news items appearing in African Bat Conservation News may be reprinted, provided the author’s and newsletter refer- ence are given. African Bat Conservation News August 2014 vol. 35 2 ISSN 1812-1268 Inside this issue Continued: Recent Literature Conferences 7 Published Books / Reports 7 Papers 7 Notice Board Conferences 13 Call for Contributions 13 Research and Conservation Activities Presence of paramyxo- and coronaviruses in Limpopo caves, South Africa By Carmen Fensham Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa. Correspondence: Prof. Wanda Markotter: [email protected] Carmen Fensham is a honours excrement are excised and used to isolate any viral RNA that student in the research group of may be present. The identity of the RNA is then determined Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Article/19/7/12-1820-Techapp1.Pdf)
    LETTERS Novel Bat-borne (S)–segment primer set (outer: OS- found by RT-PCR that used XSV- M55F, 5′-TAGTAGTAGACTCC-3′, specific primers. Hantavirus, and XSV-S6R, 5′-AGITCIGGRTC- Phylogenetic analyses was per- Vietnam CATRTCRTCICC-3′; inner: Cro- formed with maximum-likelihood 2F, 5′-AGYCCIGTIATGRGW- and Bayesian methods, and we used To the Editor: Compelling evi- GTIRTYGG-3′, and JJUVS-1233R, the GTR+I+Γ model of evolution, dence of genetically distinct hantavi- 5′-TCACCMAGRTGRAAGTGRT- as selected by the hierarchical like- ruses (family Bunyaviridae) in multi- CIAC-3. The bat was captured dur- lihood-ratio test in MrModel-test ple species of shrews and moles (order ing July 2012 in Xuan Son National version 2.3 and jModelTest version Soricomorpha, families Soricidae and Park, a nature reserve in Thanh Sơn 0.1 (10), partitioned by codon po- Talpidae) across 4 continents (1–7) District, Phu Tho Province, ≈100 sition. Results indicated 4 distinct suggests that soricomorphs, rather km west of Hanoi (21°07′26.75′N, phylogroups, with XSV sharing a than rodents (order Rodentia, families 104°57′29.98′′E). common ancestry with MGBV (Fig- Muridae and Cricetidae), might be the For confirmation, RNA extrac- ure). Similar topologies, supported primordial hosts (6,7). Recently, the tion and RT-PCR were performed in- by high bootstrap (>70%) and poste- host range of hantaviruses has been dependently in a laboratory in which rior node (>0.70) probabilities, were further expanded by the discovery that hantaviruses had never been handled. consistently derived when various insectivorous bats (order Chiroptera) After initial detection, the L-segment algorithms and different taxa and also serve as reservoirs (8,9).
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of Mobatviruses (Hantaviridae) in Myanmar and Vietnam
    viruses Article Molecular Phylogeny of Mobatviruses (Hantaviridae) in Myanmar and Vietnam Satoru Arai 1, Fuka Kikuchi 1,2, Saw Bawm 3 , Nguyễn Trường Sơn 4,5, Kyaw San Lin 6, Vương Tân Tú 4,5, Keita Aoki 1,7, Kimiyuki Tsuchiya 8, Keiko Tanaka-Taya 1, Shigeru Morikawa 9, Kazunori Oishi 1 and Richard Yanagihara 10,* 1 Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (F.K.); [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (K.T.-T.); [email protected] (K.O.) 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan 3 Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar; [email protected] 4 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; [email protected] (N.T.S.); [email protected] (V.T.T.) 5 Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam 6 Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Disease, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar; [email protected] 7 Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan 8 Laboratory of Bioresources, Applied Biology Co., Ltd., Tokyo 107-0062, Japan; [email protected] 9 Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; [email protected] 10 Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Australasian Bat Society Newsletter, Number 31, Nov 2008
    The Australasian Bat Society Newsletter, Number 31, Nov 2008 The Australasian Bat Society Newsletter Number 39 November 2012 ABS Website: http://abs.ausbats.org.au ABS Discussion list - email: [email protected] ISSN 1448-5877 © Copyright The Australasian Bat Society, Inc. (2012) The Australasian Bat Society Newsletter, Number 31, Nov 2008 The Australasian Bat Society Newsletter, Number 39, November 2012 – Instructions for Contributors – The Australasian Bat Society Newsletter will accept contributions under one of the following two sections: Research Papers, and all other articles or notes. There are two deadlines each year: 10th March for the April issue, and 10th October for the November issue. The Editor reserves the right to hold over contributions for subsequent issues of the Newsletter, and meeting the deadline is not a guarantee of immediate publication. Opinions expressed in contributions to the Newsletter are the responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australasian Bat Society, its Executive or members. For consistency, the following guidelines should be followed: Emailed electronic copy of manuscripts or articles, sent as an attachment, is the preferred method of submission. Faxed and hard copy manuscripts will be accepted but reluctantly! Please send all submissions to the Newsletter Editor at the email or postal address below. Electronic copy should be in 11 point Arial font, left and right justified with 16 mm left and right margins. Please use Microsoft Word; any version is acceptable. Manuscripts should be submitted in clear, concise English and free from typographical and spelling errors. Please leave two spaces after each sentence.
    [Show full text]
  • Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University Number 295 6 July 2010
    Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University Number 295 6 July 2010 Karyology of five SpecieS of BatS (veSpertilionidae, HippoSideridae, and nycteridae) from gaBon witH commentS on tHe taxonomy of Glauconycteris Calvin a. Porter, ashley W. Primus, FederiCo G. hoFFmann, and robert J. baker aBStract We karyotyped five species of bats from Gabon. Glauconycteris beatrix and G. poensis both have an all-biarmed 2n = 22 karyotype, consistent with the recognition of Glauconycteris as a genus distinct from Chalinolobus. One specimen of Hipposideros caffer had a 2n = 32 karyotype similar to that published for this species from other areas in Africa. We report a 2n = 52 karyotype for Hipposideros gigas which is identical to that found in H. vittatus. The slit-faced bat Nycteris grandis has a 2n = 42 karyotype similar to that known in other species of Nycteris. Key words: chromosomes, Gabon, Glauconycteris, Hipposideros, karyotypes, Nycteris, Rabi, taxonomy introduction The Republic of Gabon includes extensive tracts documented the presence of 13 chiropteran species in of tropical rain forest and has an economy based the rainforest of the Rabi Oilfield. Primus et al. (2006) largely on oil production. A recent study of biodiversity reported karyotypes of four species of shrews, seven (Alonso et al. 2006; Lee et al. 2006) focused on the species of rodents, and five species of megachiropteran Rabi Oilfield, which is located in the Gamba Complex bats collected at Rabi. However, they did not describe of Protected Areas in the Ogooué-Maritime Province chromosomal data for the microchiropteran specimens of southwestern Gabon. This study included a survey pending confirmation of species identifications.
    [Show full text]
  • BATS of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica
    MURCIÉLAGOS de la región del Golfo Dulce, Puntarenas, Costa Rica BATS of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica 1 Elène Haave-Audet1,2, Gloriana Chaverri3,4, Doris Audet2, Manuel Sánchez1, Andrew Whitworth1 1Osa Conservation, 2University of Alberta, 3Universidad de Costa Rica, 4Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Photos: Doris Audet (DA), Joxerra Aihartza (JA), Gloriana Chaverri (GC), Sébastien Puechmaille (SP), Manuel Sánchez (MS). Map: Hellen Solís, Universidad de Costa Rica © Elène Haave-Audet [[email protected]] and other authors. Thanks to: Osa Conservation and the Bobolink Foundation. [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [1209] version 1 11/2019 The Golfo Dulce region is comprised of old and secondary growth seasonally wet tropical forest. This guide includes representative species from all families encountered in the lowlands (< 400 masl), where ca. 75 species possibly occur. Species checklist for the region was compiled based on bat captures by the authors and from: Lista y distribución de murciélagos de Costa Rica. Rodríguez & Wilson (1999); The mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico. Reid (2012). Taxonomy according to Simmons (2005). La región del Golfo Dulce está compuesta de bosque estacionalmente húmedo primario y secundario. Esta guía incluye especies representativas de las familias presentes en las tierras bajas de la región (< de 400 m.s.n.m), donde se puede encontrar c. 75 especies. La lista de especies fue preparada con base en capturas de los autores y desde: Lista y distribución de murciélagos de Costa Rica. Rodríguez
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Utilization by Foraging Eastern Red Bats (Lasiurus Borealis) in the Ozark Region of Missouri
    The Journal of Wildlife Management 78(3):483–493; 2014; DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.685 Habitat Relations Resource Utilization by Foraging Eastern Red Bats (Lasiurus borealis) in the Ozark Region of Missouri SYBILL K. AMELON,1 Northern Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, 202 Natural Resource Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA FRANK R. THOMPSON III, Northern Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, 202 Natural Resource Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA JOSHUA J. MILLSPAUGH, University of Missouri, 302 Natural Resource Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA ABSTRACT Resource selection by animals influences ecological processes such as dispersal, reproduction, foraging, and migration. Little information exists regarding foraging resource selection by bats during the maternity season. We evaluated support for effects of landcover type, landform, and landscape pattern on resource selection by individual foraging female eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) during the maternity period and compared resource utilization for all individuals pooled (population level), individuals grouped by geographic location, and individuals grouped by stage of lactation (early, mid, and late). We used a resource utilization function (RUF) to relate landcover and landscape attributes to the utilization distributions of individual bats estimated by the fixed-kernel method. We radio-tracked 64 lactating red bats and estimated utilization distributions for 52 individuals. Mean home range size ranged from 1,041 to 1,588 ha from late to mid lactation. The global RUF model was significantly better than the null RUF model for 36 (70%) individuals and the magnitude and direction of coefficients varied among individuals. Resource utilization at the population level was, on average, positively related to ridges and upland drainage landforms, water landcover, and road density; and negatively related to urban and nonforest landcover and distance to edge.
    [Show full text]