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Women's Education and Development in Nigeria: a Content Analysis Of Women’s Education and Development in Nigeria: A Content Analysis of Nussbaum’s Capability Approach Applied to Women’s Empowerment (2010-2017) by Taiwo Eritobor A Thesis Submitted to Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in International Development Studies July, 2017, Halifax, Nova Scotia Copyright © Taiwo Eritobor, 2017 Approved: Dr. Anupam Pandey Supervisor Approved: Dr. Henry Veltmeyer Reader Approved: Dr. Najma Sharif External Date: July 29th, 2017 Abstract Women’s Education and Development in Nigeria: A Content Analysis of Nussbaum’s Capability Approach Applied to Women’s Empowerment (2010-2017) By Taiwo Eritobor Irrespective of the several platforms and advocacy groups that have promoted women’s empowerment since the post-colonial days, Nigerian women have continued to be relegated to second-class roles. Various scholars like Sen and Nussbaum have constantly presented education as a tool for empowerment and augmentation of women’s roles. However, this is not the case in Nigeria as educated women are unable to attain the height to which the concept of empowerment posits or seen at the forefront of development. This thesis examines the veracity of Martha Nussbaum’s Capability Approach by putting to the test, by means of a case-study of Nigerian women, the role of educational capability in enhancing women’s empowerment, based on a content analysis of focused in-depth interviews of 26 Nigerian women, who are considered leaders in their respective fields, the thesis argues that despite enhanced educational qualifications women are still subject to entrenched patriarchal resistance. July 29, 2017 i Acknowledgements Firstly, I want to express my deep gratitude to God Almighty for the wisdom and capacity to complete this work. Secondly, I would like to sincerely thank and express my appreciation of the support and direction provided by my thesis committee: Dr. Anupam Pandey, Dr. Henry Veltmeyer, and Dr. Najma Sharif. Dr. Pandey consistently provided me with invaluable feedback throughout this work and patiently propelled me to the right direction. She stirred up my passion for women and nurtured me through it as it germinated. I want to further thank Dr. Veltmeyer for his support, concern and encouraging words during a trying period; your concern helped me to no small extent. Dr. Sharif was equally immensely helpful in her astute corrections and suggestions. I also would like to thank all my lecturers along my journey at Saint Mary’s University, especially Dr. Joseph Tharamangalam for his encouragement on my area of focus, Shane Theunissen who enhanced my creativity, Dr. Kate Ervine for her constant understanding, and Dr. Garvin Fridell for enlightening me on structuring arguments aright. I would equally like to thank Jenny Harrison, Heather Taylor, Shane Costantino and Shawn Simamba from FGSR for their prompt and helpful response each time I needed assistance from their offices. I would like to thank my course mates and friends, especially Anthony Whyte Jr; thank you for being there and for relieving my stress through smiles. ii Also, I want to thank all staffs of Staples Customer Service Centre Halifax for their collective support and their words of encouragement throughout the writing of my thesis. Special thanks go to my wonderful and glorious parents Engr. Dele Eritobor and Mrs. Abosede Eritobor for being there for me every step of the way throughout my days as a student, both materially, financially, and spiritually, through their prayers and support. To my blessed siblings and extended family who have encouraged me all the way, Master Ademola, Mrs. Elizabeth Eritobor, Miss Adeola Eritobor, and Master Wale Ajayi. iii Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ............................................................................................... 1 Background to the study ........................................................................................................... 1 Posing the Problem ................................................................................................................... 3 Research Questions ................................................................................................................... 6 Significance of the Study .......................................................................................................... 6 Thesis Statement ....................................................................................................................... 7 Research Methodology ............................................................................................................. 7 Scope and Limitations ............................................................................................................. 12 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................... 13 Organization of Chapters ........................................................................................................ 14 Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 17 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 17 Education ................................................................................................................................ 17 Women’s Education ............................................................................................................... 21 Barriers to Women’s Education ............................................................................................. 25 Realities of Women’s Education ............................................................................................ 26 Empowerment ........................................................................................................................ 31 Concluding Remarks .............................................................................................................. 34 Defining the Major Terms in the Study ................................................................................. 35 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................................... 37 Capability Approach .............................................................................................................. 38 Social Role Theory ................................................................................................................ 54 Chapter 3: Concept of Women’s Education and Development in Nigeria .................................. 60 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 60 Women’s Education in Nigeria ............................................................................................... 60 Barriers of Women’s Education in Nigeria ............................................................................. 62 Women’s Roles with the Rise of Education ............................................................................ 72 Contributing Factors that Influence the Roles of Women in Nigeria ...................................... 79 Educational Policies for Women in Nigeria ............................................................................ 81 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 84 Chapter 4: A Content Analysis of Nussbaum’s Capabilities Applied to Women’s Empowerment in Nigeria ................................................................................................................................... 86 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 86 Demographics .......................................................................................................................... 87 Data Collection ........................................................................................................................ 87 Biography of the Studied Women ........................................................................................... 90 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 101 iv Results ..................................................................................................................................... 103 Discussion of Findings ............................................................................................................ 118 Evidence of Trustworthiness ..................................................................................................
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