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Tamas Bartfai* and Bruno Conti INTRODUCTION
Review TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2010) 10, 490–503 ISSN 1537-744X; DOI 10.1100/tsw.2010.50 Fever Tamas Bartfai* and Bruno Conti Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received February 26, 2010; Revised February 27, 2010; Accepted March 1, 2010; Published March 16, 2010 Measurement of body temperature remains one of the most common ways to assess health. An increase in temperature above what is considered to be a normal value is inevitably regarded as a sure sign of disease and referred to with one simple word: fever. In this review, we summarize how research on fever allowed the identification of the exogenous and endogenous molecules and pathways mediating the fever response. We also show how temperature elevation is common to different pathologies and how the molecular components of the fever-generation pathway represent drug targets for antipyretics, such as acetylsalicylic acid, the first “blockbuster drug”. We also show how fever research provided new insights into temperature and energy homeostasis, and into treatment of infection and inflammation. KEYWORDS: fever, antipyretic, interleukin, temperature, hypothalamus INTRODUCTION Can a frog or a snake run a fever? Is the ramp fever (stage fright) a real fever like that in malaria? Did Moses see the burning bush in febrile hallucination since malaria was endemic along the Nile? Is fever helping to fight infection? Should fever be treated or permitted? These are but a few of the questions we have received in the past 27 years from friendly, but incredulous, colleagues who have not understood why a well-trained scientist would “fiddle with fever”. -
Setting the Occasion for Incentive Motivation: Implications for Addiction
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/428409; this version posted September 26, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Fraser & Janak, 09.26.2018 – preprint copy - BioRxiv Setting the Occasion for Incentive Motivation: Implications for Addiction Kurt M. Frasera & Patricia H. Janaka,b,c a Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 b The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 c Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Correspondence: To either Kurt M. Fraser ([email protected]) or Patricia H. Janak ([email protected]) as above Abstract The context in which reward-paired cues are encountered sets the occasion for appropriate reward-seeking but may also spur inappropriate behaviors such as the renewal of drug-seeking. The psychological processes underlying occasion setting remain unclear as contexts are diffuse and difficult to isolate from other stimuli. To overcome this, we modeled a context as a phasic and discrete event – an occasion setter – which allowed for control over its presentation and influence on cue-driven reward-seeking. This allowed us to directly assess how occasion setters, like contexts, regulate the predictive and motivational significance of Pavlovian cues. Male rats (n=50) were trained in a Pavlovian paradigm where the presentation of an ambiguous conditioned stimulus was reinforced only if preceded by an occasion setting cue. -
Mu-Opioid Receptor Activation in the Medial Shell of Nucleus Accumbens Promotes Alcohol Consumption, Self-Administration and Cue-Induced Reinstatement
UCSF UC San Francisco Previously Published Works Title Ventral Pallidum Neurons Encode Incentive Value and Promote Cue-Elicited Instrumental Actions. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6v2169m1 Journal Neuron, 90(6) ISSN 0896-6273 Authors Richard, Jocelyn M Ambroggi, Frederic Janak, Patricia H et al. Publication Date 2016-06-01 DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.037 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Neuropharmacology 108 (2016) 14e23 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuropharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropharm Mu-opioid receptor activation in the medial shell of nucleus accumbens promotes alcohol consumption, self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement * Jocelyn M. Richard , Howard L. Fields Department of Neurology, The Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Alcoholism and Addiction Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA article info abstract Article history: Endogenous opioid signaling in ventral cortico-striatal-pallidal circuitry is implicated in elevated alcohol Received 15 November 2015 consumption and relapse to alcohol seeking. Mu-opioid receptor activation in the medial shell of the Received in revised form nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region implicated in multiple aspects of reward processing, elevates alcohol 6 April 2016 consumption while NAc opioid antagonists reduce it. However, the precise nature of the increases in Accepted 8 April 2016 alcohol consumption, and the effects of mu-opioid agonists on alcohol seeking and relapse are not clear. Available online 14 April 2016 Here, we tested the effects of the mu-opioid agonist [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) in rat NAc shell on lick microstructure in a free-drinking test, alcohol seeking during operant self- Keywords: Alcohol administration, extinction learning and expression, and cue-reinforced reinstatement of alcohol Nucleus accumbens seeking. -
Insulin Resistance & Type 2 Diabetes
Doctoral College Metabolic & Cardiovascular Disease InsulinInsulin ResistanceResistance && TypeType 22 DiabetesDiabetes GUEST LECTURE by Olivia Osborn, PhD Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA Tuesday, 17.04.2012 17:00h SR 07.12, Preclinics Harrachgasse 21, 1st floor Inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the development of insulin resistance Abstract Obesity-associated chronic tissue inflammation is a key contributing factor to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In the obese state, macrophages accumulate in insulin target tissues and secrete proinflammatory mediators that drive the development of insulin resistance. GPR21 is an orphan G protein coupled receptor that is highly expressed in macrophages as well as the brain. In adipose tissue, obesity-induced GPR21 expression occurs primarily in the stromal vascular cells. In mice fed a high fat diet, whole body knockout of GPR21 resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance as well as increased energy expenditure. Macrophage deletion of GPR21 mediates potent insulin sensitizing effects in vivo by repressing chemotaxis as well as reducing adipose tissue and liver tissue inflammation. Hypothalamic knockdown of GPR21 expression results in decreased body weight. In summary, reduced expression of GPR21 in the hypothalamus or macrophage both contribute to improved insulin sensitivity and suggest that GPR21 is an important target for the Schematic of integrative physiology. Nutrient development of new therapeutic -
Kurt Michael Fraser, Phd 142 Weill Hall Cell: #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720 Email: [email protected]
Updated May 2021 Kurt Michael Fraser, PhD 142 Weill Hall Cell: #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720 Email: [email protected] CURRENT POSITION Postdoctoral Scholar May 2021-Present University of California - Berkeley Supervisor: Stephan Lammel, PhD EDUCATION Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 2021 PhD in Psychological & Brain Sciences (Biopsychology) Supervisor: Patricia H. Janak, PhD Dissertation Topic: Setting the Occasion for Reward-seeking in Brain and Behavior Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 2017 MA in Psychological & Brain Sciences (Biopsychology) Supervisor: Patricia H. Janak, PhD Master’s Thesis: Dorsal and Ventral Striatal Systems in the Attribution of Incentive Salience to Reward-Paired Cues University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 2015 BS in Neuroscience with High Honors & Distinction Supervisor: Shelly B. Flagel, PhD Thesis: Contributions of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptors to Pavlovian Conditioned Approach RESEARCH INTERESTS Neurobiological mechanisms of cue-triggered motivated behavior: • How are reward learning and conditioned motivation separable in both behavior and neurobiology? • What neural circuits underlie the attribution of conditioned motivation to reward-paired cues? • How is ambiguity about the motivational value of conditioned cues in the environment resolved to produce reward-seeking? • What is the content of learning? • How do neural circuits supporting adaptive reward-seeking go awry in mental health disorders such as alcohol abuse and addiction? RESEARCH SUPPORT AND FELLOWSHIPS NIH BRAIN Initiative Fellows NRSA Postdoctoral Fellowship (F32 MH127792) 2021-2024 Using large-scale electrophysiology to study the role of midbrain dopamine neurons underlying motivated behavior NIH NRSA Predoctoral Fellowship (F31 DA046136) 2019-2021 The role of the basolateral amygdala in occasion setting Kurt M. Fraser Curriculum Vitae Updated May 2021 MANUSCRIPTS IN PREPARATION Fraser KM, Collins V, Pat F, Saunders BT, & Janak PH. -
Fall 2008 Volume Eleven / Number Two
FALL 2008 VOLUME ELEVEN / NUMBER TWO NON-PROFIT U.S. POSTAGE PAID PERMIT 751 SAN DIEGO, CA A PUBLICATION OF THE SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE Office of Communications—TPC30 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037 www.scripps.edu PUBLISHER: Keith McKeown EDITOR: Mika Ono DESIGN: Studio 32 North PRODUCTION: Studio 32 North Kevin Fung COVER ILLUSTRATION: Christopher Silas Neal INTERIOR ILLUSTRATIONS: Meg Mateo Ilasco PORTRAIT PHOTOGRAPHY: Dana Neibert PRINTING: Precision Litho A SPECIAL THANKS: Greg Kovsky of Southern California Yacht Sales for the use of “Lost Soul.” Copyright © 2008. Published by TSRI Press™ “Only through funding from the Skaggs Institute could such high- THE SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE A NEW CLASS OF DRUGS FOR A WIDE RANGE OF INDICATIONS risk, high-reward studies be pursued A catalytic antibody discovery made at Scripps Research has formed the basis of the acquisition of biotechnology venture CovX by Pfizer. Empowered by in today’s funding compelling results in his laboratory’s development of a new class of drugs, environment. Scripps Research Professor Carlos Barbas III, Ph.D., set out to found CovX in CARLOS BARBAS III, Ph.D. 2002. He teamed up with his colleague Scripps Research President Richard VOLUME ELEVEN / NUMBER TWO FALL 2008 A. Lerner, M.D., with whom he had developed a unique and powerful class of catalytic antibodies. This work offers a groundbreaking way to physically combine antibodies, which are large, soluble molecules that remain in the body for long periods of 21 time, with small molecule drugs and peptides, which can kill disease-causing cells, but may be expelled from the body too quickly to be effective as a FEATURES: ALSO: therapy. -
Galanin Gaianin
WENNER-GREN CENTER INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SERIES VOLUME 58 GALANIN GAIANIN A New Multifunctional Peptide in the Neuro-endocrine System Proceedings of an International Symposium at the Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, June 14-16, 1990 Edited by Tomas Hokfelt Department of Histology and Neurobiology Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden Tamas Bartfai Department of Biochemistry, ArrheniusLaboratory University of Stockholm, Sweden David Jacobowitz Laboratory of Clinical Science NIMH, Bethesda, USA David Ottoson Wenner-Gren Center Foundation Stockholm, Sweden M MACMILLAN PRESS Scientific & Medical ©The Wenner-Gren Center 1991 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1991 978-0-333-56427-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WlP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1991 by MACMILLAN ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-1-349-12666-8 ISBN 978-1-349-12664-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-12664-4 ISSN 0-0083-7989 A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library. Contents Preface ix Participants X Vilctor Mutt by Bertil Aberg xvi Part I Discovery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1. -
PBS Graduate Student Handbook
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences Graduate Student Handbook JHU Psychological & Brain Sciences Graduate Handbook | Updated April 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Department Directory REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PH.D. Duration of Program Faculty Advisor & PhD Student commitments Courses & Seminars GRADUATE CURRICULUM Fundamentals in Biopsychology and Fundamentals in Cognitive Psychology Core Topics A and Core Topics B Advanced Seminars Statistics Topics in PBS Topical Seminars Professional Development Seminar Lab Meetings Responsible Conduct in Research Colloquium and Research Registration Summer Registration Grades GRADUATE STUDENT TIMETABLE PROGRAM MILESTONES ANNUAL COMMITTEE MEETINGS First Year Research Project Advanced Examination Dissertation Proposal Literature Review Dissertation JHU Psychological & Brain Sciences Graduate Handbook | Updated April 2021 Graduate Board Oral Examination/Dissertation Defense REQUIREMENTS FOR THE M.A. University Requirements Department Requirements TEACHING ASSISTANTSHIPS The Teaching Practicum Policy on Graduate Teaching Assistantships Student Preferences TA Duties Faculty Responsibilities Grievance Procedure Procedures for Posting Grades Additional Teaching Opportunities Additional Teaching Resources EVALUATING STUDENT PROGRESS Academic Review Policy Graduate Student Probation, Funding Withdrawal, and Dismissal Policy DEPARTMENT EVENTS AND SERVICE Colloquia Student Representation on Steering Committee Student Service to the Department INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES GRADUATE -
2020 Participating Bloomberg Distinguished Professors
2020 Participating Bloomberg Distinguished Professors Participating faculty are listed alphabetically by last name: Rexford Ahima: Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, SOM; Epidemiology, BSPH; Community-Public Health, SON Project: Impact of Lmo4 knockout in brain on time-restricted feeding and energy metabolism. Knockout of Lmo4 in brain correlates with gain in body weight. We are studying the effects of restricting access to food during certain time of the day to determine the kinetics of weight gain and energy metabolism. Undergraduates will work on mouse breeding, coordinating food access to animals, measuring body composition, gene expression analysis and isolation of tissues. Preferred (or required) skills and/ or experience: Basic knowledge in biology, chemistry, math and physics. Positions available: 1 Work location: Bayview Medical Center, Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Cir, Rm 2A62 Chuck Bennett: Physics and Astronomy, KSAS; JHU Applied Physics Lab (APL) Project: The research project relates to the Cosmological Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) telescope array that Johns Hopkins University operates high in the Andes Mountains of northern Chile. The research group builds new instrumentation, improves existing instrumentation, operates the telescope system to survey the sky, and analyzes data from the survey. The overall two major goals of the research are: (1) to determine, via measurement, the detailed process that led to the first stars forming; and (2) to determine, via measurement, the nature of the first fraction of a second of the creation of the universe. To achieve these goals, CLASS conducts a survey of the polarized cosmic microwave background radiation (the remnant glow from billions of years ago) over most of the sky. -
Phasic Activation of Ventral Tegmental, but Not Substantia Nigra, Dopamine Neurons Promotes Model-Based Pavlovian Reward Learning
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/232678; this version posted December 13, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Phasic Activation of Ventral Tegmental, but not Substantia Nigra, Dopamine Neurons Promotes Model-Based Pavlovian Reward Learning R. Keiflin1*, H. J. Pribut1, N. B. Shah1, P. H. Janak1,2,3* 1 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218 USA 2 The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21205 USA 3 Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA *Correspondence: Patricia H. Janak, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles Street Dunning Hall, room 246 Baltimore, MD 21218 [email protected] ph: 415-509-1190 Ronald Keiflin, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles Street Dunning Hall, room 246 Baltimore, MD 21218 [email protected] ph: 510-501-4875 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/232678; this version posted December 13, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ABSTRACT: Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SNc) encode reward prediction errors (RPEs) and are proposed to mediate error-driven learning. However the learning strategy engaged by DA-RPEs remains controversial. Model-free associations imbue cue/actions with pure value, independently of representations of their associated outcome. -
Psychology & Neuroscience Undergraduate
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UNC THIS ISSUE Psychology & Neuroscience Meet a Gil Intern: Page 2 Undergraduate Newsletter Graduation: Page 2 Volume 6 | Issue 8 April 2018 Jobs & Opps: Page 3 Student SpotlightStudent Spotlight Meet Christina Cornea, a Biology and (soon to be!) Neuroscience double major IMPT DATES who is conducting research in the laboratory of Dr. John Gilmore. Tell us about your research. I am studying the asymmetry between the left and Honors Deadline right arcuate fasciculus, the white matter tract that con- April 20 nects cortical regions involved with language. My research looks at how the morphology and maturation of the arcu- Classes End ate fasciculus is related to the language ability at age 1 April 27 year. Early childhood is a period of rapid development of white matter tracts and development of cognitive abilities. Reading Days The arcuate is assessed using diffusion weighted MRIs and May 2 and May 5 computer-assisted tractography to delineate the arcuate. What do you like most about your research? Getting to Finals apply my knowledge of neuroscience to unanswered ques- 4/30, 5/1, 3-4, 7-8 tions and knowing that I am making an impact on the world of science. While much is known about the extent to Commencement which asymmetry of the arcuate fasciculus is related to language ability in Sunday, May 13 adults, very little is known about how the asymmetry develops in early child- 3:30 PM hood and how it is related to language. Getting to be part of a team that will Carmichael Arena help future doctors and pediatricians better understand the relationship be- tween brain and language development is incredible. -
CUNY Sts Award-Winners Interior
AWARDS_StS student awards program 7/18/13 3:43 PM Page 3 he 2013 National Science Foundation Grad- Tuate Research Fellowships are among the nation’s most prestigious awards for graduate study in science, technology, engineering and math. This year, The City University of New York proudly celebrates our 23 graduating seniors and recent alumni who won 2013 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships — more than any other public university system in the Northeast. We’re pleased to spotlight the University’s “All-Star Science Teams” of NSF winners, along with a selection of other honorees from the Class of 2013. The external awards they’ve won underscore the caliber of CUNY’s graduates. These range from feder- ally funded Fulbright Fellowships for research and teaching abroad to acceptance at top-notch graduate and professional institutions around the country, where CUNY alumni are pursuing law, medicine and the full range of arts, sciences and social sciences. New alumni are also entering the workforce, engaging in public service or contributing to charitable activities to enhance their personal growth. This special edition of Salute to Scholars magazine salutes some of these remark- able students. See www.cuny.edu/allstars for a larger listing. The University congratulates all members of the Class of 2013 for enriching our nation and, indeed, our world. Warm best wishes, William P. Kelly, Interim Chancellor CUNY 2013 AWARD RECIPIENTS 1 AWARDS_StS student awards program 7/15/13 3:40 PM Page 4 Mizanur Ahmed Macaulay Honors College at Brooklyn College, ’13 Jonas E. Salk Scholarship Kyle Athayde Macaulay Honors College at Hunter College, ’13 Coro Fellowship Hunter Gross Macaulay Honors College at Hunter College, ’15 Critical Language Scholarship (China) Anna Groysman Macaulay Honors College at Brooklyn College, ’13 Jonas E.