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Oxidized Graphite and Carbon Fiber (US) University of Central Florida STARS UCF Patents Technology Transfer 8-25-2015 Oxidized graphite and carbon fiber (US) Richard Blair University of Central Florida Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/patents University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Patent is brought to you for free and open access by the Technology Transfer at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in UCF Patents by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Blair, Richard, "Oxidized graphite and carbon fiber (US)" (2015). UCF Patents. 439. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/patents/439 Illlll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111 US009114999B2 c12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,114,999 B2 Blair (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 25, 2015 (54) OXIDIZED GRAPHITE AND CARBON FIBER (2013.01); COJB 3110438 (2013.01); COJB 3110476 (2013.01); C09D 1100 (2013.01); (75) Inventor: Richard G. Blair, Oviedo, FL (US) C09D 5124 (2013.01); DOlF 8118 (2013.01); DOlF 9114 (2013.01); D06M 11174 (2013.01) (73) Assignee: University of Central Florida Research (58) Field of Classification Search Foundation, Inc., Orlando, FL (US) None ( *) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis See application file for complete search history. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 13/882,326 5,112,654 A * 5/1992 Claar ......................... 427/376.6 (22) PCT Filed: Oct. 28, 2011 6,713,435 B2 3/2004 Katsuki et al. (Continued) (86) PCT No.: PCT/US2011/058309 § 371 (c)(l), FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (2), ( 4) Date: Jul. 22, 2013 KR 20100099586 A 9/2010 (87) PCT Pub. No.: W02012/058553 WO WO 2009/049375 * 412009 WO 2010085444 Al 7/2010 PCT Pub. Date: May 3, 2012 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (65) Prior Publication Data Kovtyukhova et al, JACS, 125, pp. 9761-9769, 2003.* US 2013/0330477 Al Dec. 12, 2013 (Continued) Related U.S. Application Data Primary Examiner - Erma Cameron (60) Provisional application No. 61/514,981, filed on Aug. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Timothy H. Van Dyke; 4, 2011, provisional application No. 61/407,696, filed Beusse, Wolter, Sanks & Maire, PLLC on Oct. 28, 2010. (57) ABSTRACT (51) Int. Cl. COJB 31104 (2006.01) A mechanochemical oxidation process that allows relatively C09D 5124 (2006.01) benign oxidizers to be used for the production of at least DOlF 8118 (2006.01) partially oxidized graphite, and a method of preparing a car­ DOlF 9114 (2006.01) bon fiber using oxidized graphite and a fiber component. D06M 11174 (2006.01) Partially oxidized graphite is fully dispersible in water and C09D 1100 (2006.01) can be used to prepare thin films with conductivities rivaling (Continued) pure graphite. This offers the potential for improved elec­ tronic displays, solar cells, and lithium ion batteries. A carbon (52) U.S. Cl. nanotube and a method of making the same is also provided. CPC ............. COJB 3110446 (2013.01); B82Y 30100 (2013.01); B82Y 40100 (2013.01); COJB 311043 13 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets _)-~)Rayon I Expose to oxidized graphite T or graphite oxide \.A. .. - ,•• \ Graphite hydrogen } ·~·/., ..._ } bonded to Rayon surface I Pyroly-1.e under T reducing atmosphere Carbon Fiber US 9,114,999 B2 Page 2 (51) Int. Cl. Stankovich, S. et al., "Graphene-based composite materials", Nature, B82Y30/00 (2011.01) 2006, 442(7100), pp. 282-286. B82Y 40100 (2011.01) Dikin, D.A. et al., "Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper", Nature 2007, 448(7152), pp. 457-460. (56) References Cited Stankovich, S et al., "Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide", Carbon, 2007, U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 45(7), pp. 1558-1565. Geim, A.K., "The rise of graphene", Nature Materials, 2007, 6(3), p. 2003/0044602 Al 3/2003 Yanagisawa et al. 183. 2007/0092432 Al * 4/2007 Prud'Homme et al. ...... 423/448 Hummers, W.S. et al., "Preparation ofGraphitic Oxide", Journal of 2007/0131915 Al* 6/2007 Stankovich et al. 252/511 2008/0258359 Al* 10/2008 Zhamu et al. 264/673 the American Chemical Society, 1958, 80(6), p. 1339. 2008/02797 56 Al * 1112008 Zhamu et al. ................. 423/448 Marcano, D.C. et al., "Improved Synthesis ofGraphene Oxide", ACS 2009/0087638 Al 412009 Shan et al. Nano, 2010 4(8), pp. 4806-4814. 2010/0105834 Al* 4/2010 Tour et al. 525/50 Varma, R.S. et al., "The Ureaa Hydrogen Peroxide Complex: Solid­ OTHER PUBLICATIONS State Oxidative Protocols for Hydroxylated Aldehydes and Ketones (Dakin Reaction), Nitriles, Sulfides, and Nitrogen Heterocycles", Rasor, N.S. et al., "Thermal properties of graphite, molybdenum and Organic Letters, 1999, 1(2), pp. 189-192. tantalum to their destruction temperatures", Journal of Physics and Zielinska, A et al., "A solvent-free synthesis of (dichloroiodo) arenes Chemistry of Solids, 1960, vol. 15, pp. 17-26, abstract only. from iodoarenes", Tetrahedron Letters, 2004, 45 (5), pp. 1087-1089. Hamwi, A et al., "Some chemical and electrochemical properties of Benjamin C. Brodie, "On the Atomic Weight of Graphite", Proceed­ graphite oxide", Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 57(6-8), ings of the Royal Society of London, 1859, vol. 10, p. 249. pp. 867-876, 1996. Shen, J. et al., "Fast and Facile Preparation of Graphene Oxide and He, H. et al., "A new structural model for graphite oxide", Chemical Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoplatelets", Chem. Mater, 2009, vol. Physics Letters, 1998, 287(1-2), pp. 53-56. 21, pp. 3514-3520. Lerf, Aet al., "Structure of Graphite Oxide Revisited", The journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1998, 102(23), pp. 4477-4482. * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Aug. 25, 2015 Sheet 1of6 US 9,114,999 B2 5 4 Cf) 3 ....r:: :::s 0 u 2 0 I I lu I I II 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 graphene layers Fig. 1 U.S. Patent Aug. 25, 2015 Sheet 2 of 6 US 9,114,999 B2 -3 As deposited -80x10 3.1 mm x 2S mm strip 2 56 Q/cm -60 ~ ,...... N e -4o ~ .. ~ -20 I I 0 I 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 so Re(Z) (A) Annealed at 2so·c -3 -20x10 3.1 mm x 25 mm strip 2 SO Q/cm -1 s ,...... N 'E ® .. -10 I -s I 0 I 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 so Re(Z) (B) Fig. 2 U.S. Patent Aug. 25, 2015 Sheet 3 of 6 US 9,114,999 B2 Fig. 3 U.S. Patent Aug. 25, 2015 Sheet 4 of 6 US 9,114,999 B2 3 20x10 15 10 5 c 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Angle (20) Fig.4 1--)_ ____,) Rayon I Expose to oxidized graphite T or graphite oxide 6: • ,•• \ Graphite hydrogen ) ,.• 0 V 9'~ } bonded to Rayon surface I Pyroly-le under T reducing atmosphere Carbon Fiber Fig. 5 U.S. Patent Aug. 25, 2015 Sheet 5 of 6 US 9,114,999 B2 Fig. 6 lOOµm Signal A = SEl Date :4 Apr 2009 H EHT = 19.99 kV WO = 14 mm Photo No. = 249 Time :1B:19:50 Fig. 7 U.S. Patent Aug. 25, 2015 Sheet 6 of 6 US 9,114,999 B2 Fig. 8 US 9,114,999 B2 1 2 OXIDIZED GRAPHITE AND CARBON FIBER out the loss of the necessary mechanical properties is satisfied by certain embodiments of the subject invention. RELATED APPLICATIONS It has now been realized that the ability of oxidized graph­ ite to exfoliate in water makes it a valuable precursor in the This application claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 61/407, synthesis of single sheets of graphene, which in turn can be 696, filed Oct. 28, 2010, and U.S. Ser. No. 61/514,981, filed used for a variety of electronic and materials applications. Aug. 4, 2011. After exfoliation, the sheets of oxidized graphite can be chemically reduced into graphene [7]. Graphene synthesis is BACKGROUND a very important process due to the unique properties of 10 graphene and the growing interest and vast potential of Graphite is an allotrope of carbon in which the atoms are graphene [8]. arranged in large sheets of fused six member rings. Single There are currently two approaches to produce graphene, sheets of carbon that make up graphite are known as graphene by chemical vapor deposition or by heat treatment of oxidized or graphene sheets. Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon graphite. For displays, such as touch-screen displays, atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honey­ 15 graphene is produced by growing a layer on a copper film and comb lattice, and is a building block for graphitic materials of chemically etching the copper away. This method is cumber­ all other dimensionalities. Graphene or graphene sheets are some and produces a large amount of waste. Alternatively, the single sheets of carbon that make up graphite, i.e., is graphene can be produced by suspending oxidized graphite in graphite in a layered form. water and depositing it as thin films. These thin films can be Graphite has many useful properties including a low coef­ 20 heat treated in contact with a reducing agent such as hydrogen ficient of friction, good electrical conductivity, and high ther­ or hydrazine to produce films of graphene. mal resistance [1]. Graphite does not, however, interact well According to one embodiment, the invention pertains to a with water, as it is insoluble and difficult to suspend. Graphite method of producing oxidized graphite which includes the oxide, on the other hand, contains oxygen attached to the step of milling graphite powder in the presence of a solid layers as epoxy bridges and hydroxyl groups [2-4].
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