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TITLE Report: Basic Facts About Military Service. INSTITUTION High School News Service (DOD), Great Lakes, Ill. PUB DATE [73] NOTE 67p.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Armed Forces; Career Education; *Career Opportunities; *High School Students; Newsletters; Occupational Information; Programs; *Youth Opportunities

ABSTRACT The purpose of the report is to inform students, through counselors and advisers, of opportunities and responsibilities in the Armed Forces. The topics covered are: missions of the Armed Forces, the selective service system, enlistment programs, reserve components, commissioning programs, auxiliary benefits, women in the Armed Forces, and basic facts about service life. Short articles are also presented on: pay and allowances, educational programs (about 40 programs), work-study programs and occupational fields. The career fields section takes up about half the document and gives job descriptions in terms of responsibilities, qualifications, and examples of civilian jobs for over 200 specific service occupations. (DS) lo

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S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Co EDUCATIONS HELF4RE NATIONAL INSTITUTE: OF EDUCATION O 1p. DOCIIVE J If 1PFF '`11`.0 ,C) FTAC't F., r 1 .11 Pr Co.., OP ,717.- ...171esstc (..N 0 4 1- 1157101117, ^1 .. -11- N'UN', 'FD 110 4(711 4F7 7s I ts 0 %,,ericini 4,111. N.' e 7 1 (11 A.1074 7:1011::'C7. -77 P.: In MdaYkdrnly High School News Service Report School Year 1973-74

(A Unified Activity of the Department of Defense)

This issue of REPORT is designed primarily as Other issues during the school year contain illus- a reference source for counselors and others whotrated articles featuring various facets of modern are called upon to furnish students with specificmilitary techniques, organization, and specialized information of current personnel programs of theskills required of men and women in uniform. today. United States Armed Forces. Limited 'numbers of reprints are available without charge upon request,

HIGH SCHOOL NEWS SERVICE REPORT

Published monthly during the school year by the High Director Captain R. M. Mc Cool, USN School News Service, a Department of Defense activityDeputy Director Captain E. L. Williams, USA located at Great Lakes, Illinois, and distributed free of Senior Editor Gunnery Sergeant T. D. Stephens, USMC charge to high schools, colleges and universities requesting the service. Service Editors Purpose of the HSNS REPORT is to inform students,Senior Chief Journalist Paul Rokhgeb USN through counselors and advisors, of. their responsibilities Gunnery Sergeant Steve Stephens USMC and opportunities in the Armed Forces of tie United States Staff Sergeant George Shuttleworth USA of America.Any material appearing herein may be re-Staff Sergeant Paul Zimmerli USAF printed. Printed with appropriated funds in compliance Make-up Editor with NAVEXOS P-35. Staff Sergeant George Shuttleworth USA Use of funds for printing NAVSO P-2429 was approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Circulation Manager September 15, 1970. Staff Sergeant Clifford Shortridge USAF

Suggestions and comments on any of the ma- terial published by the High School News Service should. be addressed to: Director Department of Defense High School News Service Building 1-B Great Lakes, Illinois 60088 CONTENTS

Topic Page Missions of the Armed Forces 2 Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps Coast Guard The Selective. Service System 4 Classification. Preinduction Processing Enlistment Programs 5 Reserve Components 6 Enlisted Reserve Programs National Guard Junior ROTC Commissioning Proranw 9 The Federal Academies Reserve Training (ROTC) Officer Candidate Schools Direct Appointments Flight Training Programs Auxiliary Benefits 17 Women in the Armed Forces 17 General Information Commissioning Opportunities Basic Facts About Service Life 20 Basic Training Personnel Assignments Uniforms Leave Promotion Religion Military Justice Pay and Allowances 24 Military Pay Scales 25 Survivors Benefits. 27 Aid to Orphans and Widows Veterans Assistance Act 30 Advanced Educational Programs 31 Medical Programs 35 Cooperative Work-Study Programs 38 ASVAB 39 Service Schools 39 Armed Forces Career (Occupational) Fields 40 Army 40 Navy and Coast Guard 47 Air Force 55 Marine Corps 60

1 **swims of the Armed forces

The President ofthe United Statesisthe aircraft, rockets, missiles, and other weapon and Commander in Chief of all the U. S. Armed Forces. support systems. He is assisted by the Secretary of Defense and the Administer civil works programs for protect- variouscivilianservicesecretaries. Under their ing the environment and improving waterway civilian leaders, the armed services have the mission navigation, flood control, beach erosion control of supporting the foreign policy of the United and water resource development in the United States and defending it against all enemies, foreign States, its territories and its possessions. and domestic.Inthe accomplishment of this Support National Civil Defense functions and general mission, each of the armed services has when directed provide military assistance to feder- distinctly different assigned responsibilities. How- al, state and local government agencies. aver, each of the services also gives maximum Further social nrogre56 through equaloppor- assistance to the others in carrying out overall tunity rzlici cooperation within the Army. defense missions. Today's Army has over 791,000 officersand enlisted men in the active Army, and is authorized 400,000 in the National Guard and 260,000 inthe Army Reserve. The active Army is authorized 13 U. S. Army combat divisions,has over 9,500 aircraft and employs about 440;000 civilians insupport of military functions. The role and mission of the U.S. Army is to. organize, train and equip Army forces, both active and reserve, primarily to conduct prompt and sustainedcombat operationsonland.Army U. S. Navy combat and combat support forces help preserve peace and security, defend the nation and accomp- lish the land power tasks of the United States. The The role and mission of the Army must be prepared to: isto organize, train and equip naval forces to Fight and defeat enemy forces. conduct prompt and sustained combat operations Gain control of the enemy and their land. at sea including operations of sea-based aircraft and Conduct airborne, airmobile and amphibious land-based naval air components to: operations. Provide a strategic nuclear deterrent. Provide Army Air Defense units to defend Control important sea areas and protect vital the United States and its combat forces against sea lines of communication. enemy air atacks. Project military forces overseas and maintain Establish initial military government in occu- the capability of extending our national power pied territories pending transfer of responsibility to across the oceans. other authority. Maintain overseas presence, assuring other Support U.S. programs of security assistance nations that the United States has an interest in to allies. strategic areas and has the capability to support its Conduct research, development and evalua- allies. tionof combat vehicles, equipment, clothing, In the face of growing Soviet seapower, the

2 Navy plays an increasing role in support of U.S. foreign policy and the defense of our country. In U. S. Marine Corps addition, the Navy conducts research and develop- ment into such fields as weapons, ships, aircraft, The Marine Corps is one of the two services in rockets and missiles, and inner and outer-space the Department of the Navy. The Marine Corps is exploration. To accomplish these tasks, the Navy organized, trained and equipped to provide Fleet now has about 580,000 officers and enlisted Marine Forces of combined arms, together with personnel, 600 ships, 6,600 aircraft, over '200 bases supporting air components, for service with the and 330,000 civilian employees. fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced naval The 566,000 members of the Naval Reserve bases and for the conduct of such land operations provide an experienced force that could be called as may be essential to the prosecution of a naval intoactionintheevent of war or national campaign. emergency. Of these, 340,000 are available for Aside from its role as an amphibious assault immediate service. force, the Marine Corps may be called upon to "perform such other duties as the President may direct." There are over 190,000 Marine officers and enlisted personnel on active duty. A trained U. S. Air Force reserve of about 250,000 members augments the Corps. The U.S. Air Force has the primary mission of To support its landing forces, the Marine Corps organizing, training and equipping Air Force units hasits own combat air arm consisting of jet for prompt and sustained offensive and defensive fighters, attack- bombers, transports and helicop- combat operations in the atmosphere or in space ters. necessary to defeat enemy military forces. Marine Corps combat forces include three com- bat divisions and three aircraft wings, which are Itis organized on a functional basis into 15 normally paired a division with a wing -- into major commands and seven separate operating air-ground teams. agencies manned by more than 700,000 officers A division-wing team is located on both the east and enlisted personnel, and a ready reserve of and west coasts of the United States. Units of these approximately 370,000 personnel in the Air Force teams are regularly stationed with the U.S. Sixth Reserve and . Fleet in the Mediterranean and the U.S. Second The Air Force must have the ability to: Fleet in the Caribbean. The third is deployed in the Far East. Gain and maintain general aerospace supre- macy for the nation. Defend the United Statesagainst,attack; defeat enemy forces; and control vital aerospace U.S. Coast Guard areas. Conduct strategic aerospace warfare. The Coast Guard's missions revolve primarily Furnish close combat and logistical support around the word "help." to the armed forces as required, including airlift, Each year the Coast Guard provides maritime support and tactical reconnaissance, and inter- search and rescue faciqies to help stranded priv- forces and lines of ately and commercially owned vessels and aircraft; dictionof enemy military sets standar& for and instructs millions of pleasure communications. boatmen in order to help make boating a safe Provide air transport for the armed forces sport; operates a worldwide chain of aids to help and other government agencies. guide ships and aircraft safely to their destinations; provides port security units to prevent shipboard Provide research, development, test and engi- disasters in U.S. ports; operates the International neering o f Department of Defense military space Ice Patrol; enforces federal laws on the high seas development programs. and waters subject to jurisdiction of the United Provide research, development and operation States. of all reconnaissance satellite systems. The Coast Guard also acts as the nation's task

3 force in detecting and supervising the cleanup of as a specialized service within the Navy. oil spills and maritime pollutiOn; enforces maritime In order to carry out its vast responsibilities, the conservation laws; collects and analyzes oceano- Coast Guard maintains a fleet of ships, aircraft and graphic and meteorological data. boats, as well as a chain of shore stations both in During time of war, the Coast Guard functions the U.S. and abrot-J. Selective Service System

The Selective Service System is a means em- accomplish this, a drawing is conducted each year ployed by the government to keep the nation's for the purpose of assigning random sequence Armed Forces at prescribed levels of strength. The numbers to those registrants who attain the 19th "draft" system of conscription was allowed to anniversary of their dates of birth during the lapse on July 1, 1973, bringing to a standstill again calendar year. These numbers are also permanent a system that was enacted in 1917. for the registrants included in the drawing. But, evenwiththe "zero draft" and "all- Registration -- By law, every male U.S. citizen voluntary service" concepts, the Selective Service must register with Selective Service within 30 days System is kept alive and available for service in case of (before or after)his 18th birthday. Aliens of an emergency or re-institution by Congress. To should check with the nearest localSelective

ScicctivcScrvicc Systcm Classifications

CLASS 1

Class I A Registrant available for military service Class 2 M Registrant deferred because of study pre- Class 1 A 0 Conscientious objector registrant available paring for a medical seeciality for noncombatant military service only Class 2 S Registrant deferred because of activity in Class 1 C Member of the Armed Forces of the United study States, the Nationai Oceanic and Atmos- phericAdministrationorthePublic CLASS 3 Health Service Class 1 D Qualified member of thereserve com- Class 3 A Registrant deferred by reason of extreme ponent, or student taking military train- hardship to dependents and registrant ing, including ROTC and accepted avia- with a child or children tion cadet applicant Class 1 Registrant not current subject to processing CLASS 4 for induction. Registrant with sufficient prior service to Class 1 0 Conscientious objector available for alter- Class 4 A nate service contributing to the mainte- satisfy the requirements of law (veteran) nance of the national health, safety, or Class 4 B Official deferred by law interest inlieu of induction into the Class 4 C Alien not currently liable for military ser- Armed Forces of the United States. vice Lass 4 D Minister of religion CLASS 2 Class 4 F Registrant not qualified for military service Class 2 A Registrant deferred because of civilian oc- Class 4 G Registrant exempt from service during pea,:e cupation (other than agriculture) or non- (surviving son or brother) degree study Class 4 W Conscientious objector who has completed Class 2 C Registrant deferred because of argicultural alternateservicecontributing tothe occupation maintenance of the national health, safe- Class 2 D Registrant deferred because of study pre- ty, or interest in 1;deu of induction into paring for the ministry the Armed Forces of the United States.

4 Service Board on registration procedures. Regis- Forces Qualification Test (AFQT). If an examinee trants must keep local boards informed of their scores between 30 and 100 on the Armed 'Forces current addresses and changes in their situation. QualificationTest,heisconsidered as having Classification-- Local boards classify registrants passed the mental requirement. If he scores be- on thebasisof information supplied by the tween 10 and 30, he is given an additional test. registrants and other sources. Classifications listed Tests are given at Armed Forces examining centers. in the chart below are not permanent and are revised to meet changing requirements. An individ- Note: For further information con- ual who believes he has been improperly classified cerning Selective Service, contact any is free to appeal, within certain time limits, the localSelectiveService Board -)rthe decision of the local draft board. Office of Public information, Selective Preinduction Processing -- This processing con- Service System, 1724 "F" St. N. W., sists of a physical examination and the Armed Washington DC 20435. Enlistment Programs

Enlistment procedures for all the branches of women are covered in the chapter headed "Women the Armed Forces are similar, with the following in the Armed Forces." exceptions: Programs offered by the services differ in length Army enlistment terms are three, four, five and of enlistment and also the opportunities for the six years. A two year period of enlistment, without selection of specific training and assignments. a choice of training, is available to men. Applicants Each service has its own recruiters to interview for specific options are given qualification tests for the protpuctive military man or woman initially. enlistment. The results of these tests are used to He is interested primarily in learning as much confirm or to deny the applicant's suitability for about the applicant his or her background, the training or school of his choice, and they form abilities and interests -- as possible. the basis for the option selected as the enlisted When the interview of the candidate is com- commitment. pleted a general-knowledge type qualification test Qualified applicants may choose specific areas of follows. training from approximately 300 jobs. High school Applicants born abroad of an American parent graduates are guaranteed, in writing, assignment to or parents arerequiredtoprovide proof of the service school of their choice providing they citizenship. A birth certificate of the applicant, meet prerequisitesfor course attendance, and Social Security card, high school diploma and draft quotas are available. Additionally, qualified appli- card -- if registered with Selective Service -- are four cants may be guaranteed prior to enlistment such important documents needed before enlistment specific assignments as the Strategic Communica- can be completed. tions Command, Security Agency, Ranger and Aftertheindividual'sbackgrounddatais airborne training, combat arms, Air Defense Com- checked and all other requirements met, he or she mand, Army bands, Europe, special intelligence issent,at government expense, to an Armed duties and language training. The age requirement Forces Examining and Entrance Station. There for enlistment is 17-34 for men and 18-34 for they must pass a rigid physical examination and women. Armed Forces Qualification Test before enlist- ment. With these successfully passed and behind them, Navy enlistment terms are normally for four, applicants are enlisted and sent to a recruit training five or six years. Under the new seafare and airmen center where their military career begins. program, a man can enlist for three years with a guaranteeof U.S.coast choicefor sea duty. Qualified high school and junior college graduates Note:Additionalenlistmentprogramsfor may request a specialty field with a guarantee of

5 serviceschooltraining.Qualified graduates of Parental consent is required for men under 18, vocational programs may request a particular Navy women under 21, and all high school students. specialty, but with no request of a service school. Minimum age: men, 17; women, 18. Maximum Advance pay grades (E-2 and E-3) are available to age: 27. some vocational school graduates and applicants who have one or two years of junior college. Marine Corps enlistments are available for two, Air Force enlistments are four or six-year active three or four years of active duty. Enlistees are service terms. Applicants take the Armed Srirvices ultimately assigned duty with aviation or ground Vocational Aptitude Battery or an Airman Quali- elements. Qualified applicants may be enlisted and fying Examination to determine in which of the guaranteed assignmentto certainaviation and four areas (mechanical, administrative, general or ground occupational fields. Enlistees are given a electronics) the enlistee is qualified to serve. complete set of tests to determine their aptitudes Training and career field assignments depend and interests. Specialist training is granted on the upon Air Force requirements related to the enlist- basis of these tests according to Marine Corps' ee's aptitudes and desires. Under the Guaranteed needs. Age requirement is 17 to 28 years. Job option, qualified applicants may select their, Air Force Specialty (job) and related training prior Coast Guard enlistments are for four years active to enlistment. Applicants electing the four-year duty. Before they ever enlist, qualified applicants Guaranteed specialty option have a choice of 132 can be guaranteed in writing, their choice of a differentspedialties.Those electing a six-year specific occupational training program (provided Guaranteed Enlistment have the choice of 124 quotas are available). Qualified applicants may also highly skilledspecialties.Enlistees eLcting the enlist up to six months prior to commencing- active six-year enlistment in lieu of the four-year contract duty. Those persons having special training in skills are advanced to grade E-3 upon successful comple- needed by the Coast Guard can enlist under a tion of the School of Military Science at Lack land special program whereby they will be promoted to Air Force Base, Texas. pay grade E-4 or E-5 immediately after recruit A cadet who earns the Mitchell training. Outstanding recruits-- those with the Award may, upon enlistment in the Air Force, be higheststanding uponcompletionofrecruit credited with the requirements for the grade of training -- are given their choice of a particular airman, and immediately be promoted to that Coast Guard district for assignment. Age limits are grade. 17-26. Reserve Components

A young man without prior military service may the reservist returns to the local unit in which he enlist in a reserve program if he qualifies. Applica- enlisted and serves with that organization until he tion for enlistment can be made with any local has fulfilled the terms of his enlistment. organized reserve unit of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps or Air Force, to include the Army and Air NationalGuards,and Coast Guard recruiting Reserve Unit Training. Reservists in organized. offices. units are required to attend training assemblies or All reserve programs require enlistees to serve drillsregularly throughout the year, and must some time on actve duty for training. (Details of spend from 14 to 17 days -- a minimum of 14 days the various programs, by service, follow below.) in annual trainingaway from home, usually once Normally, most of the reservist's period on active a year. All reserve component paid drill units are duty for training is spent in basic training and basic required to conduct a minimum of 48 training technical schooling or on-the-job training in a mili- assemblies a year. One weekend is the equivalent of tary specialty or occupation. four training assemblies. These assemblies are held Upon completion of his active duty for training, in the evenings or on weekends, .or a combination

6 of both. The annual training period is normally National Guard scheduled during the summer. The Army and Air National Guard are volunteer Pay. A reservist's pay is based on the Armed military organizations within each state, composed Forces pay scale for his grade and length of service. of civilians who train part time for local and He receives one day's pay for each assembly at- national protection. The nearly 5,000 guard units tended. If he attends two assemblies held on one are located in all 50 states, the Commonwealth of day, he may be entitled to two day's pay. In ad- Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia and the dition, he receives one day's pay for each day of Virgin Islands. annual training. Thus, an E-3 with over three years service in any reserve unit can receive about $816 a The National Guard has a dual stains and year for participating in ready reserve training. mission. As a state organization of which the governoriscommander-in-chief,theunit and members may be ordered to active state service in Military Occupations. Enlistees in the reserve times of local emergencies or disasters. programs are accepted to fill vacancies in military The and the Air National occupations which meet the needs of the particular Guard are also reserve components of the U.S. unit they join. In accepting enlistees for these oc- Army and the U.S. Air Force respectively, and can cupations, assignment officers consider the new be ordered into active in the event reservist's education, aptitudes, civilian experience of national emergency or war, or when otherwise and personal preferences. The training necessary to provided by law. In their position as tha Army become qualified in the military occupation is pro- National Guard or Air National Guard of a state, vided during the reservist's initial tour on active units and members may be called into federal duty. Reservists may attend regular service schools service during certain local emergencies. to improve military occupation skills and may also Army National Guard unit training includes enroll in service-sponsored correspondence courses infantry, armor,air defense artillery (including following initial active duty for training. Many missiles),fieldartillery,medical,ordnance, military jobs parallel civilian occupations, and in transportation, engineer, administrative, communi- many cases, reserve training can help with progress cations, military police, chemical, aviation, special in civilian employment. forces, airborne and other special areas of military endeavor. Promotion. In each of the reserve branches there Air National Guard units train for air defense, is a promotion system, separate from that of the tacticalfighter,air refueling, tactical reconnais- regular services. Reservists compete for promotion sance, global transport, communications, electron- only with other reservists of their serviceor unit. ics, weather and aeromedical missions. Theyare Outstanding individuals may qualify for appoint- equipped with up-to-date aircraft including many ment as commissioned officers. supersonic jets. Some Army and Aix. National_GU-aid units perform, as part of their trainineractual missions ReadyReserves.Throughoutthefollowing information on reserve programs, the term "Ready for the active defense of the nation. For instance, Reserve" will be found. Generally, this term de- Air National Guard heavy transports carrycargo all scribes those units that are immediately available over the world for Military Airlift Command and to be ordered to active duty in a national emer- the Air National Guard communications units gency declared by the President or when otherwise instsal and repair electronic equipment for the Air provided by law. All Ready Reservists described in Force. In addition, Army National Guard Nike- the iollowing paragraphs belong to organized units Hercules missile batteries and Air National Guard and attend drills. fighter interceptor squadrons keep parts of their units on round-the-clock alert defending the skies for the North American Air Defense Command. Reserve Components. The reserve components Women may apply for any Air Guard unit vacan- are composed of the National Guard (Army Na- cy that is not related to combat. Nonprior service tional Guard and Air National Guard), the Army women must be 18-34 (parental consent needed if Reserve, the Air Force Reserve, the Navy Reserve, under 21), and be a high school graduate or the Marine Corps Reserve and the Coast Guard equivalent. Basic training and technical school Reserve. requirements are the same for all Guardsmen-- must equal four mor ths of active duty. Women requested in order to prepare an enlistee for a incur a three year obligation. special assignment or obtain special qualifications. Male enlistees, 17-34, with no prior service enlist In no case will an enlistee be assigned to active for six years and take active duty for training. The duty while still in attendance at high school. length of this training is dependent upon the skill for which the individual is being trained, which Air Force Reserve. may be shortened by certain civilian acquired skills or training as determined through special tests. The Air Force Reserve personnel train in units and minimum requirement for training is four months. individual programs for air defense, tactical and Additional training, upon voluntary consent,is militaryairlift,civilengineering,electronics, authorized for certain skill areas. Seventeen-year- weather, rescueand medicalmissions, among old enlistees need parental consent. others. Enlisted Reserve programs are available to qualified persons with or without prior service. Army Rcscrvc Women may apply for all Air Force Reserve authorizationsexceptthosethatare combat Enlistees incur a six-year statutory obligation. .71-elated. Women without prior service must be The program establishes a variable period of initial 18-27 (parental consent is needed if under ?,1). active duty for training of not less than four Basic training and technical school requirements months, depending on the time required to proper- are the same for all Air Reservists. ly qualify the individual in the military occupa- Men with no prior service may enlist for a six- tional specialty (MOS) for which enlisted. Indivi- year period. They must attend initial active duty duals will be required to begin their active duty for training of not less than four months. Length of training when ordered by competent authority. training depends upon the skill for which the However, all enlistees are required to attend regular individual is being trained. Those enlisted in this meetings until they proceed on their tour of active program must serve the remainder of their six-year duty for training, and resume regular attendance obligation in the Ready Reserves in a participating when they return. Ages: 17-26. status, unless they serve on active duty under cer- tain conditions whereby the individual may request to be placed in Standby 'Reserve. Age limits are Navy Rcscrvc 17-26. Qualified young men between 17-26 years of age Men 26-35, with no prior service, may enlist in may enlist for six years including two years of units. They must agree to undergo basic training active duty. Initial active duty for training begins unless they possess equivalent training and must be within 120 days of date of enlistment. qualified for the specific assignment. The Naval Reserve also has a six-month active duty for training program for qualified young men Coast Guard Rcscrvc 17-26 years old who livewithin a reasonable distance of a Naval Reserveunit. Under this Qualified nonprior service men between 17 and progxam, an enlistee incurs a six-year total service 26 can enlist in the Coast Guard Reserve for six obligation:approximately six months of active years.Enlistees initially go on active duty for duty for training (for recruit training and basic approximately 30 weeks: nine weeks basic training technical training) and five-and-one-half years as a and the remainder in a specialized training school. member of an organized drilling unit. Upon completion of this 30 weeks, the reservist returns to his local unit for one weekend a month Marinc Corps Rcscrvc and two weeks annual active duty. Qualified men between 26-35, with askill The Marine Corps organized reserve offers a six- needed by the Coast Guard Reserve, can enlist for month active duty program for men 17 to 26 years two years. They will be given a petty officer rating of age. An enlistee serves the remaining five-and- commensurate with their skill level. After enlist- one-half years in the Ready Reserve as a member ment, they attend two weeks military orientation of a unit. He participates in drills one weekend at Coast Guard Reserve Training Center, York- each month and receives two weeks training each town, Va., then return to their local unit where year,normallyduringthesummermonths. they attend meetings one weekend a month and Additionalactivedutyfortrainingmay be two weeks annual active duty.

8 Qualified nonprior service women between 20 ROTC programs. No school may have a unit of and 35 can enlist in the Coast Guard Reserve for more than one service, and units are assigned on a two, three or four years. In order to qualify, they fair and equitable geographical basis. Each unit must have experience in secretarial,clerical or must have at least 100 physically fit male citizens financial fields, and are given a rating commensur- who are 14 years of age or older. Junior ROTC ate with their experience. After enlistment, they courses are prescribed by the parent service and attend a two-week military orientation program at cover three or four academic years. Uniforms, text- Coast Guard Reserve Training Center, Yorktown, books and equipment are furnished by the govern- Virginia. Upon completion of this program, they ment. return to their local unit for one weekend a month The course of instruction 'consists of 96 hours and two weeks annual active_ duty. per year. There are two alternative programs. Priorservicepersonnel (men to age 42 and Under the academic track, military courses are women between 21-35) who were E-3 or above and offeredinconjunction with academic courses who have a favorable reenlistment designator may leading to college entrance. The alternative tech- enlist in the Coast Guard Reserve for two, three or nical courses having a military application are four years. Individuals in this category receive no integrated into the ROTC instruction. A student basic training. They usually are given a rating who successfully completes the three-year Junior equivalent to the one they previously held. They ROTC program is entitled, if he enters the Senior attend meetings one weekend a month and have (college) ROTC program, to receive up to two two weeks annual active duty. year's credit. The total number of units established by the military departments may not exceed 1200 by law. Junior ROTC A total of approximately 145,000 students are en- rolled in the program. The Junior ROTC provides an opportunity for Junior ROTC instructors are retired personnel, secondary school (high school) students to learn except at the military institutes or the high school about the basic elements and requirements for level of a military junior college, where a limited national security. At the same time, the emphasis is number of active duty personnel may be author- placed on their personal obligations as American ized by the Secretary of the military department citizensincontributing to the defense of the concerned. Retired military personnel constitute nation. The program is offered not only at civilian all of the instructional staff at the civilian high high schools but also at a number of military insti- schools. Their pay and allowances are the same as tutes,military schools offering secondary level active duty pay, less hazardous duty pay. The dif- education and having organized cadet corps under ference between this amount and their retired or military discipline. retainer pay is furnished equally by the school and Allof the military services conduct Junior the military department. COMMIC57.01116/11 Programs

At no time in the history of the United StateE which they engage requires as much specialized has there been a greater or more continuing need knowledge, training and personal endeavor as that for military leaders. Adequate trained forces must of the doctor, the lawyer, the engineer or the be kept ready for any emergency. The effectiveness scientist. in fact, all of these are to be found of these forces depends primarily on the compe- within the ranks of the professional military tence of their leaders. officer. These leaders are the professionals who devote Militaryofficersare the products of many themselves entirely to the common defense, who training sources -- the Federal Service Academies Make the profession of arms in the interest of (Military,Naval, Air Force, Coast Guard and national security their career. The profession in Merchant Marine), Reserve Officer Training Corps

9 (programs at hundreds of colleges and universities), Appointments((roastGuardAcademy). NationalGuard(state OCS programs),direct Appointments to the Coast Guard Academy are appointment, and Flight made competitively. on a nationwide basis. A Training programs. Women, too, may qualify for nomination is not required. Anyone who considers commissioning (see chapter on "Women in the that he has the basic qualifications can apply to Armed Forces"). take part in the competition for Coast Guard Those possessing the qualifications as outlined Academy admission. Application forms should be on the following pages have a unique opportunity requested from the Coast Guard address listed on to take their place among the leaders dedicated to page 13. national defense. Many achieve this goal from enlisted status; others from civilian life. Eligibility Requirements. Admission to any of the academies is dependent upon a young man Federal Service Academies being at least 17 years of age (but not have reached his 22nd birthday as of July 1 of the year he is to General. All the academies offer four years of be admitted), a citizen of the United States, of college education leading to a bachelor of science good moral character, and medically, physically degree. Cadets and midshipmen -- except Merchant and academically qualified. He must never have Marine Academy cadets--receive$283.05 a been married. month, plus tuition, medical care, arc room and board. With the exception of the Merchant Marine Academic Preparation. The overall academic and Academy, graduates receive regular commissions physical preparation of a candidate is of vital im- and must serve on active duty for at least five years portance to success at any one of the academies. In after receiving their commissions. Merchant Marine high school, the student should strive for above Academy midshipmen receive about $1,425 during average grades. the four years at school, plus tuition, food and The majority of youths admitted to the aca- quarters. Graduates receive third mate or third demies enter immediately following graduation assistant engineer licenses and are commissioned as from high school. Prospective candidates who feel ensigns in the Naval Reserve. thattheyrequireadditionalpost-highschool preparation,or who are unable to obtain an Nominations (Military, Naval and Air Force appointment immediately upon graduation, are en- Academies). Candidates must have a nomination in couraged to attend preparatory school or college order to officially become a candidate and be con- while awaiting an appointment. sidered for an appointment as a cadet or midship- man at these academies. Most candidates receive Academic Qualification. A candidate's academic their nominations from members of Congress, each qualification for admission to any one of the feder- of whom may have five candidates in attendance at al academies is determined by tests of the College each of these adademies at any one time, and each Board Admissions Testing Program (ATP) or the of whom may nominate up to 10 candidates for American College Testing Program and a review of each vacancy he may have. his entire scholastic record to include academic Other sources of nominations are available to performance in secondary school and college, if prospective candidates, principally through affili- any, and the recommendations of his teachers. ation with the armed forces. It is best to apply for Applications for the ATP and the American all the nominations for which you're eligible. For College Testing Program tests should be made at congressional nominations, in particular, the spring least 30 days in advance of the testing dates by of the junior year is the recommended time to those seeking nominations to the federal acade- apply. Most congressmen, however, will accept mies. later requests for nominations -- some into Nov- ember or early December of the senior year. It is Medical Examinations. All medical examinations not necessary to know the congressman personally. are scheduled by the Service Academy Central Medical Review Board, U.S. Air Force Academy, Nominations (Merchant Marine Academy). All Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840. nominations for the Merchant Marine Academy are Only one examination is necessary, no matter made by members of Congress. Apply to your con- how many academies the candidate has applied to. gressman early in spring of junior year. Cards to request the physical examination are pro-

10 vided to candidates by members of Congress (at after being granted retired or retainer pay. By law, their option) or by the service academy for which a person eligible under the SODDV (see below) the candidate is applying. category may not be a candidate under the Presi- dential category. Admission. Nominations to all of the academies except the Coast Guard and Merchant Marine Regular andReserveUnit Academies are grouped into two categories: com- Nominations.Available to enlisted men in regular petitive and noncompetitive. and reserve units of the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps. Enlisted personnel may apply only CompetitiveMethod: npointmentsare for the service academy of their respective military awarded to the best-qualifi anclidates within component through the regular and reserve cate- each group. Qualification is based upon the candi- gories, but may apply for any of the academies date's entire scholastic record and his performance through other sources (i.e., members of Congress, in prescribed entrance tests, his physical aptitude, etc.). his record of extra-curricular activities (including athletics), his leadership potential and a medical Men serving in any service may compete for examination. admission to the Coast Guard Academy. In a variation of this method, the nomination authority may designate his principal nominee, Nominating authorities may choose either the only, and direct that his remaining nominees com- competitive or a combination of both the comp- pete with each other, based on their records. e tit iu eandnoncompetitiveselection method. Noncompetitive Method: The nominating au- thority designates his nominees in order of per- Congressional.These nominations by U.S. sonal preference as principal, first alternate, etc. If Senators and Representatives account for the found qualified for entry, the principal is appoint- majority of appointments to the Military, Naval ed. If the principal fails to qualify, the first alter- and Air Force Academies. nate is considered for appointment. If he also fails, the other alternates are considered in turn. Vice President. Nominations are from resi- dents of the United States. Qualified Alternates: Candidates who are quali- fied in all respects but who do not succeed to the Sons of Deceased or Disabled Veterans appointment for which they have been nominated (SODDV). This category is for sons of deceased are considered for appointment as qualified alter- or 100 percent disabled veterans whose death or nates. Appointments are made from this list on a disability was determined to be service connected, competitive basis. No application is necessary, as and for sons of military personnel or federally all fully qualified candidates are given consider- employed civilians who are in a missing or captured ation. Well over 1000 candidates enter the service status. Candidates holding a nomination under this academies each year as qualified alternates. Thus, it category are not eligible for nomination under the should be noted that any congressional nomin- Presidential or Medal of Honor categories. ation, even a ninth alternate, may be sufficient to getawell-qualifiedcandidateinto a service Sons of Military or Civilian Personnel in a academy. Missing Status. The son is eligible if his parent is a member of the armed services or a civilian em- Types Of Competitive Nominations ployee in active government service who is offici- ally absent in a status of missing or captured. Presidential Nominations. Available to sons of members of the armed services. The son of a Honor Military/Naval School and ROTC regular or reserve member of the armed forces is NOminations.For distinguishedgraduates and eligibleif his parent is on active duty and has prospective distinguished graduates of designated served continuously on active duty for at least Honor Military/Naval Schools, and for students in eight years; or, his parent was retired (from active the Reserve Officer Training Corps units at high duty) with pay or was granted retired or retainer schools and colleges. (USMA, USNA and USAFA pay; or, his parent died after retiring with pay or only.)

11 Governorsof VirginIslands, Guam and ROTC training (elective in most institutions) American Samoa. Residency is required. consists of two to five hours of military instruction per week and some summer training periods. Delegates to Congress from the District of Advanced ROTC training, daring junior and Columbia. Residency in the District is required. senior college years, is optional, except under the Navy programs, and students must qualify for Governors of Puerto Rico and the Canal admission to an advanced course. Zone.Residency required. ROTC graduates i ulfill their military obligation by serving on active duty as regular or reserve Note: There is a separate appointment category officers for stipulated periods of time ranging from open to sons of Medal of Honor recipients. Young three months to two or more years. men in this category are appointed to the academy The various ROTC programs are as follows: of their choice without regard to vacancies, pro- vided they meet minimum qualifying standards. Army ROTC programs are conducted at 293 colleges and universities or branches including nine Young men interested in securing an appoint- Military Junior Colleges in the 50 states and Puerto ment to one of the academiesother than the Rico. Both a four-year and a two-year program are Coast Guard Academy -- should write to their offered for students who can meet selection re- Senators and district Representative in Congress quirements. The four-year program consists of a and to the academy of their choice for further Basic Course (freshman and sophomore years) and information. Application should be made in the an Advanced Course (junior and senior years). The spring preceding the year in which an appointment two-year program is for students unable to take is sought. Full particulars concerning the service ROTC during freshman and sophomore years, who addresses are contained in annual catalogs. Copies may take six weeks of training during the summer of the various catalogs can be obtained by writing priortotheir junior year to qualify for the to: Advanced Course. Students are paid $307.20 per month while at- Director of Admissions and Registrar tending summer training to qualify for the two-year United States Military Academy program. Studentsselectedfor the Advanced West Point, N.Y. 10996 Course receive $100 monthly except during sum- mer training at the end of the junior year when Superintendent (Attn: Candidate Guidance) they receive $283.05 per month. A student enter- U.S. Naval Academy ing college for the first time may compete nation- Annapolis, Md. 21402 ally for a four-year scholarship. One, two and three year scholarships are offered to select cadets. Director of Admissions Scholarship applications can be obtained from U.S. Coast Guard Academy P.O. Box 12703, Philadelphia, Pa. 19134, com- New London, Conn. 06320 mencing August 15. Completed applications must be postmarked not later than December 31. The Director of Admissions and Registrar award becomes effective the following school year. U.S. Air Force Academy Some schools offer flight training at no extra cost Colo. 80840 to interested senior students who can qualify. This is voluntary extra-curricular activity. After gradu- Admissions Office ation flight trainzis are considered for entry into U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Army aviation training. Kings Point, N.Y. 11024 Scholarship students must be at least 17, and able to complete requirements by age 25. The minimum age for all other ROTC students is 17, ROTC Programs and eligible for commissioning prior to age 28. Scholarship students serve an obligated active duty of four years.Flight trainees who enter The ROTC consists of 538 unitsArmy, Navy aviation training serve three years; non-obligated and Air Forceat public and private colleges and graduates who accept Regular Army commissions universities throughout the country. serve three years. All non-obligated graduates serve

12 from three months to two years active duty based course of instruction leading to a theological, medi- upon needs of the service and personal options cal or dental degree nor to a degree considered pre- available at the time of graduation. paratory for appointment in the Medical Service Corps. Selectees are paid E-5 pay during the two Navy ROTC College Scholarship Program pro- required training sessionsone eight week summer vides four years of subsidized education at many session between their junior and senior year and leading colleges and universities. As midshipmen one 11% week training session following gradua- in the Naval Reserve, students receive $100 per tion from college -- held at the Naval Officer Candi- month for maximum of 40 months. Additionally, date School, Newport, R.I. the Navy pays all tuition and other instructional fees and the cost of textbooks. One sixth of Aviation Reserve Officer Candidate (AVROC) NROTC graduates can request to be commissioned Program is similar in all respects to the ROC pro- in the Marine Corps. This program is designed to gram other than the summer training taking place train career officers in the Navy and Marine Corps at the Aviation Officer Candidate School at Pensa- comparable in standing to Naval Academy gradu- cola, Fla. Students desiring to qualify as a Naval ates. Aviator or Naval Flight Officer may apply for the Students are selected on the basis of scores at- AVROC program at a Navy Recruiting Station tained on national college aptitude tests, plus other upon completion of their freshman or sophomore documents which comprise the application file. year in college. Students who qualify on either the SAT or ACT examination are given rigid medical examinations, PlatoonLeadersClass(PLC) andPlatoon and those selected are offered appointments as 'LeadersClass(Aviation) (PLC(A)) are special midshipmen, and simultaneously enlisted in the Marine Corps officer training programs whereby U.S. Naval Reserve. Appointees may indicate their college undergraduates may earn reserve commis- choices of .the many colleges having Navy ROTC sions in either the ground or air components of the units which they prefer and are willing to attend. Marine Corps. College freshmen who have com- The Navy nominates them to colleges for accept- pleted one semester, sophomores and juniors, can ance as NROTC studiasts in accordance with their sign up for the PLC. The training consists of two indicated preferenc.%. Admission to college as a six-week sessions or one 10-week session, at the regular student must to accomplished first by each Marine Corps Base, Quantico, Va., during summer applicant. They may take any course leading to a vacations. Members may apply for financial assist- baccalaureate degree except those indicated in the ance of $100 per month following completion of current NROTC Bulletinof Information. Age one summer training session, and Marine Corps limits: 17-21. Active duty obligation: four years. financed civilian pilot training following all pre- commissioning summer training. Upon graduation Navy ROTC College Program (previously called from college, PLC students receive commissions. Contract NROTC Program) applications may be Officers initially attend a 26-week officer basic submitted to the Professor or Naval Science at one course.Aviationofficersthen attend aviation of the leading colleges and universities where schoo314," Age limits:17- 27',4. Active duty obli- NROTC units are established. The College Program gation: minimum 2% years for ground officers; 3% student studies Navy required cgurses for four years following pilot training; 3 years following years in addition to the curriculum for his college flight officer training. Minimum obligations are major and attends one summer training period. extended .Aepending upon the number of school Students receive $100 monthly for maximum of years firrancial assistance is provided. 20 months during their last two years. A.e limits: 17-21. Active duty obligation: three years. Air Force ROTC is conducted at colleges and Navy Reserve Officer Candidate (ROC) Program universities in 46 states, Puerto Rico, and the was created to make a Naval officer training pro- District of Columbia. Students may earn a com- gram available to fulltime students attending an mission by successfully completing either the two accredited college which does not have an NROTC or four-year program. p:ogram. Students may apply for this program The Air Force ROTC offers four-year scholar- upon completion of their freshman or sophomore ships to men who are flying qualified (pilot or year in college. Students may not be pursuing a navigator) and who will be entering their college

13 freshman year. (Applications should be obtained Commandant of the Marine Corps from theaddresslistedbelow.)Deadline for Headquarters Marine Corps submitting application for a four-year scholarship Washington, D.C. 20380 is November 15 preceding the school year in which a student desires to enter college. Three and two year scholarships are also available to students Officer Candidate Schools already enrolled in Air Force ROTC programs. Application for these scholarships should be sub- mitted directlyto the Professor of Aerospace College graduates can earn commissions in the Studies at the hosting institution. Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast The scholarships cover full tuition, laboratory Guard even though they have had no ROTC or expenses, incidental fees, reimbursement for text- other prior military training. Applications may be books, and a $100 non-taxable allowance each made for enlistment from civilian life to attend month while on scholarship status and attending officer candidate or training schools as indicated school. below: Credit for portions of the first two years of the four-year program may be given for completion of Army Branch Immaterial OfficerCandidate two or more years in the Junior ROTC program, Course (BIOCC). Qualified enlisted men, women participation in the Civil Air Patrol, military school and warrant officers in the active Army and Army training or prior service in any branch of the U.S. reserve components may apply for attendance at armed forces. BIOCC. Fourteen weeks are required to complete The basic requirement for entry into the two- the course for men; 18 weeks for women. Men year program is that the student have two aca- must be at least 181/2 years of age and not over 321/2 demic years remaining, either at the undergraduate at the time of enrollment in BIOCC (National or graduate level, or a combination of both. Entry Guard applicants must be below age 28). Female into the two-year program is on a competitive applicants must be at least 19 years, eight months basis; in addition, a six-week 7ie1d Training course at time of enrollment and not have reached their on an Air Force base must be successfully com- 33rd birthday at time of graduation from BIOCC. pleted before entry into the two-year campus Female applicants must have completed at least 50 program. The two-year program and the last two percent of the academic credits for a baccalaureate years of the four-year program are identical in degree from an accredited college or university, or academic content. All cadets enrolled in the last must have a Department of the Army two-year two years of the program receive a non-taxable c6:lege equivalency evaluation. Waivers are not monthly subsistence allowance of up to $100 a granted for this requirement. Upon satisfactory month for 10 months during the school year. completion of the course, active Army graduates Enrollments are limited to cadets capable of are required to serve a minimum of two years in an completing all requirements for a commission prior active commissioned. status. to reaching age 25 for all scholarship recipients; Outstanding enlisted members of Army Reserve prior to reaching 261/2 for flight training; and age component units who have completed their active 30 for non-rated specialties. duty for training may apply to attend the regular Complete information about the ROTC pro- 14-week BIOCC course or a special Reserve com- grams, the Marines' PLC program and the Navy's ponent OCS course of nine or 11 weeks conducted ROC program can be obtained by writing to: by the active Army. After completion of the course, members return to their units and complete Army ROTC their obligationasNational Guard or Reserve Fort Monroe, Va. 23351 officers.

Commander, Naval Recruiting Command Navy Officer Candidate School (OCS). Qualified Code 34, Navy Department graduates of regionally accredited colleges receive Washington, D.C. 20370 19 weeks of basic naval science and indoctrination. Successful candidates are commissioned as ensigns in the Naval Reserve and serve on active duty as Air Force ROTC unrestricted line,restrictedline or staff corps , Ala. 36112 officers.

14 Age limits at commissioning are 19-271 for all ber and February. Applicants must be U.S. citizens candidates except Medical Service Corps, for whom and graduates of an accredited college. Duty the age is 21-32. Active duty obligation has a three assignments are made on the basis of the individ- or four year option. ual'seducationalbackground,experienceand expressed preference, consistent with the needs of Air Force School of Military Sciences, Officer theCoast Guard. A limited number of OCS (SMSO). Through the School of Military Sciences, graduates may receive flight training. Officer, the Air Force and Air Force Reserve train Age limits: 21-27. Active duty obligation: three selected college graduates, both men and women, years from date of commissioning. who possess those skills and specialties needed in the Air Force to become commissioned officers. Army National Guard Officer Candidate Pro- Potential pilots or navigators go directly to flight grams. Three options of OCS training are available training after completing SMSO. Applicants must to qualified high school graduates. They may be U.S. citizens and graduates of an accredited attend the nine-week Reserve Component OCS or college. Selected applicants are required to com- the 14-week (active) Army Branch Immaterial plete a pre-commission training course of 12 weeks Officer Candidate Course (BIOCC). The state duration (15 weeks for pilot candidates) in the programisdesignedto allow continuance of grade of staff sergeant. Trainees who hold an active civilian pursuits. This unique program consists of or reserve grade higher than staff sergeant will two 2-week periods over two summers with about attend SMSO in their higher grade. Upon successful one weekend a month in between. Information completion, officer trainees are commissioned as about this program can be obtained at any Na- second lieutenants in the Air Force Reserve. tional Guard Armory. Age limits: 201/2 -27% for pilots and navigators and 20Y2-291/2 for others. Active duty obligation: four years from date of graduation from SMSO for Direct Appointments nonfliers; five years from date of graduation from flight training for r.ilots and navigators. Young men and women who are professionally Marine Corps Officer Candidate Class (OCC) and and otherwise qualified in any of the medical and Aviation Officer Candidate (AOC). Graduates of allied health sciences may receive direct appoint- an accredited four-year college or university, or ments as officers in one of the corps of the medical selected two-year college students, are eligible for a services of the Army, Navy or Air Force. Programs reserve commission as either a ground officer or providing financial assistance to students enrolled aviator under the officer candidate progr.ams. Upon in courses leading to qualification in certain health successful completion of a 12 week tra;ning and fields also lead to a direct appointment and active screening course, candidates are commissioned as duty inthe appropriate corps of the medical second lieutenants in the Marine Corps Reserve. service. Some direct appointment programs are also Ground officers are assigned to the Basic School, available in certain other professional fields such as Quantico,Va.,for 26 weeks of basic officer judge advocate general and chaplain. training. Aviation officers are assigned to flight training of approximately 6-16 months dvraion. Active duty obligation: for ground offk,car, 21/2 Flight Training yearsafterreceipt of commission; for Naval Aviators (pilots), 3% years after completion of Young men who desire to be military aviators flighttraining;NavalFlightOfficers,3 years should be in excellent health and physical con- followingaviationtraining.Agelimits:OCC, dition. Flight training is available to commissioned 20-28; AOC, 20-27. officers in each of the Armed Forces who can meet professional and physical requirements and are Coast Guard Officer Candidate School (OCS). within the prescribed age limits. The programs Through its 17-week Officer Candidate School in open toofficers and other than officers are Yorktown, Va., the Coast Guard trains selected outlined below: college graduates, both men and women, in those skills necessary to become commissioned officers Army Commissioned Officer/Warrant Officer in the Coast Guard. Classes convene each Septem- Flight Training. This is a program available to

15 commissioned officers and warrant officers of the sioned ensigns in the Naval Reserve and are ordered active Army, Army National Guard and Army tothe Armed Forces IntelligenceInstituteat Reserve, to qualify them for duty as rated helicop- , Denver, Colo., for approx- ter pilots. Applicants must meet required physical imately 28 weeks. Candidates serve on active duty qualifications and be less than 30 years old for for four years from date of commissioning. Age commissioned officers, and 28 years for warrant limits: 19-271/2. officers at time of application. Air Force Pilot Training. This is a 52-week Naval Aviation Officer Candidate (AOC). This is program, conducted at nine bases in the United a program for young men who desire to become States, available to male commissioned officers, Naval Aviators. To apply for the AOC pilot qualifying them for duty as rated pilots. Graduates training program, you must be college senior or normally proceed toadvancedflyingtraining recent graduate of an accredited college or universi- centers for specialized training in specific weapon ty. Candidates receive orders to Aviation Officer systems. Officers must meet the required physical Candidate School at Pensacola, Fla. After success- qualifications and apply in sufficient time to enter ful completion of 16 weeks of indoctrination training before reaching 271/2 years of age. training, they are commissioned an ensign in the Naval Reserve. As a commissioned officer, the Air Force Navigator Training. Available to male candidate undergoes an additional 12 months of commissioned officers, is a 36-week training pro- basic and advanced flight training, and is desig- gram conducted at Mather Air Force Base, Calif., that qualifies them for duty as a navigator. Some nated a Naval Aviator upon completion of ad- graduates go directly to operational units as air- vanced training. Age limits: 19-26. crew members, while others enter advanced courses inelectronic warfare and radar bombardment. Naval Flight Officer Candidate (NFOC). This is a Officers must meet the required physical qualifica- program for young men who desire to become tions and apply in sufficient time to enter training officer aircrew members and serve as Naval Flight Officers (NFO). The NFO is responsible for oper- before reaching 271/2 years of age. ating the complex, weapon system of the Navy's Marine Naval Avt-tor and Marine Naval Flight modern aircraft. To apply for NFO training one Officer.Mentally and physically qualified male must be a college senior or recent graduate of an Marine officers from any commissioning source are accredited college or university. Candidates receive eligible to apply for pilot or flight officer training. orders to Aviation Officer Candidate School at Student aviators attend 11-14 months of training Pensacola, Fla. After successful completion of 16 prior to assignment to a jet fighter or attack weeks of indoctrination training, he is commis- squadron, helicopter squadron or fixed wing trans- sioned an ensign in the Naval Reserve. Commis- port squadron.Flight officersattend approxi- sioned officers undergo an additional six to eight mately eight months training before being assigned months of basic and advanced training, and are to jet fighter orattack squadrons. Age limits: designated a Naval Flight Officer upon completion 20-27'h. Active duty obligation: Naval Aviator, 31/2 of advanced training. During advanced training years following designation as a Marine Naval officers have an opportunity to specialize in one of Aviator; Naval Flight Officer, 3 years following the following categories: Airborne Radar Intercept designation. Operator; Bombardier-Navigator,; Airborne Early Warning Systems Operator; Air Anti-Submarine Coast Guard Aviation Cadet (AVCAD). This Warfare Tactical Coordinator; Airborne Electronics program requires two or more years of college at a Countermeasure Systems Operator and Airborne regionally accredited institution. Selected appli- Tactical Data Systems Operator. Age limit: 19-27. cants attend flight training at Pensacola, Fla. Upon graduation, they are commissioned ensigns in the Reserve and are designated Coast Guard aviators. Naval AviationOfficerCandidate-Air Intel- Age limits: 191/2 -26. Active duty obligation: 3% ligence (NAOC-AI). This is a program for training years after commissioning. asanIntelligenceSpecial Duty Officerin a non-flying assignment. Application may be made NationalGuard and Army ReserveFlight during senior year of college or after graduation. Training.Quotasareavailablefor training of After 16 weeks of indoctrination and Basic Naval qualified Army Reserve Component personnel at Flight Officer training, candidates are commis- both fixed and rotary wing training schools.

16 Auxiliary Benefits

The Armed Forcesprovidea well-balanced of books and other materials available are limited recreational program for all personnel ranging from only by space requirements. athletics to motion pictures, and from hobby and craft shops to service clubs. Personal Services

Recreation Medical care for dependents of active duty and retired personnel at military facilities is authorized Included in the athletic program at most mili- when available. It is also authorized, under certain tary installations are such familiar sports as basket- circumstances, at civilian hospitals for dependents ball, baseball, football, swimming and track. of active duty personnel and for retired personnel At least one motion-picture theater is available and their dependents. at all bases and similar facilities are provided for Routine dental care is authorized for dependents shipboard personnel. A wide variety of music and at certain remote installations and overseas. drama activities are also offered. Military personnel of pay grade E-5 through E-9 Service clubs provide many varied recreational (and E-4 with atleast four years service or who has activities, such as special parties, dances, contests, reenlisted to total a six year obligation) are eligible exhibits, shows and other forms of entertainment. for military housing. If government quarters are Clubfacilitiesinclude snack bars, refreshment available the occupants give up their basic allow- areas, game rooms, TV and music rooms, and ance for quarters. lounges. Servicepersonnelgetassistance withtheir Personnel who pursue a hobby or want to financial and personal problems from personal engage in one, will find that the Armed Forces affairs officers, chaplains, legal assistance officers offer some of the best arts andcraftsshops and supporting agencies, (i.e., local welfare groups, anywhere. American Red Cross, and the aid society of each service). Libraries Privileges All military installations and ships have libraries with books and audio-visual materials to support All installations offer military and retired per- the various educational programs, informational sonnel and dependents exchange and commissary and recreational needs. Most of the libraries are privileges. Most necessities can be purchased at staffed by professional librarians and the number these facilities. Women in the Armed Forces

Basic enlistment requirements for servicewomen school graduate requirement in some cases by are essentially the same in all the armed services. accepting GED equivalency), be not less than 18 An applicant must have a high school education or years of age and unmarried (Air Force applicants the equivalent (Air Force applicants must be high may be married with dependents), have no depend- school graduatesArmy, Navy and Marine Corps ents, be in good health, and have high moral applicants may be granted waivers of the high standards.

17 Minimum enlistment periods are: two years for women enlisting fromcivilianlife.Additional Women Marine and the WAC (Army); three years career fields are open to women who have prior for Women in the Navy and four years in the Air military service and training. Force. Longer enlistments are optional for all services. Women enlistees can in some cases be Pay and Benefits. Servicewomen receive exactly guaranteed a choice of a special kind of training. the same pay and benefits, including retirement For example, most of the Army enlistment option rights and annual leave, as servicemen in the same guarantees are open to women. pay grade with the same time in service.

Recruit Training Military Duties. Aside from regular job assign- ments, these duties include: standing inspections, Recruit, or basic, training is of six, eight or 10 charge of quarters and other military duties con- weeks duration depending upon the individual cerned with maintaining security. service. This training provides each recruit with essential knowledge and skills early in her enlist- Working Hours. Most servicewomen work an ment. It also emphasizes teamwork, discipline and eight-hour day and a five or five-and-a-half-day responsibility toward the service concerned as well week, althoughin some cases,asin civilian as the high individual standards expected of all industry, working hours may be on a "shift" basis. women in the service. Wearing of the Uniform. In peacetime, civilian Recruit Training Bases clothes are usually worn during off-duty hours. Womens Army Corps (WAC) -- ServiceSchoolsandOff-DutyEducation. U.S. Women's Army Corps Center and School Fort McClellan, Ala. Servicewomen are eligible for service school train- ing in most of the career fields to which they are Women in the Naval Service-- assigned. Opportunities for off-duty education are Naval Training Center identical to those for servicemen. Orlando, Fla. Overseas Duty. Women in all the services are Women in the Air Force f1.,gible for overseas assignments. Servicewomen are Lack land Air Force Base presently assigned to a number of overseas bases Texas Europe, Hawaii, Alaska, Panama, Far East and Middle East. Women Marines-- Marine Corps Recruit Depot Marriage While in Service. A servicewoman may marry, but she may not leave the service solely for Parris Island, S.C. this reason. The separation policy for marriage General Information varies among the individual services. Living Arrangements. Every effort is made to Commissioning Opportunities assign young women, on their first enlistment, to posts and stations with a women's strength of 50 College graduates may apply directly from civil- or more. Facilities in barracks usually include ian life for a commission as an officer or to attend sewing machines, hair dryers, kitchenettes, lounges, an officer candidate school or course.Enlisted TV rooms and laundry rooms with automatic women can qualify for certain officer candidate washers and dryers. programs. Generally, some college education is a prerequisite. Career Fields. Jobs open to women are not exactly alike in kind or numbers ih each of the The WAC College Junior Course is a four-week services. Before enlisting, a young woman should orientation course for women who have completed find out whether the service of her choice offers their junior year in an accredited college. This the career fields in which she is interested. In the course is conducted in July of each yearlt the U.S. chapter on career fields, those marked by a (W) in Women's Army Corps School, Fort McCaan, Ala. the column headed "Career Fields" are open to Its purpose is to provide college wows ,with an

18 opportunity to see what the Army is like. It also coeducational with male officers. See page 16 for gives the Army a chance to evaluate the suitability further details. of the participants for service. Transportation to and from Fort McClellan, uniforms, meals and loc:ging are furnished by the Army. In addition, Air Force ROTC. This, too, is a coeducational participants receive one month's pay as an E-4. At program. Women students enter the program de- the end of the four-week course the young women scribed on page 15. may elect to be discharged from the Reserve with no further service obligation; apply for a commis- sion upon completion of college; or apply for the The Woman Marine Officer Candidate Class WAC Student Officer Program. (WOCC)isanintensiveseven-weekpre- commissioning program conducted at Quantico, Va. The WAC Student Officer Program was designed to provide reserve commissioned officers for active Through classroominstruction and practical duty in the Women's Army Corps from selected application, the candidate acquires the primary women who have successfully completed the WAC knowledge and qualities expected of a Woman College Junior Course. Selected applicants are Marine Officer. Eligibility requirements: (I) Be an enlisted in the Army Reserve for their senior year American citizen. (2) Be a recent college graduate, in college and serve on active duty with full pay or regularly enrolled junior or senior with a "C" and allowances of grade E-4 while attending the average or higher. (3) Be at least 18 when enrolled. accredited college of their choice. Upon gradu- (4) Be of excellent moral character. (5) Be at least ation, participants are advanced to the grade of 21 and less than 30 on the date of commissioning. , and are ordered to active duty (6) Be found physically qualified for appointment for two years. Alter the 18-week WAC Officer as an officer. Basic Course, the remaining part of the two-year service obligation is spent in various Army assign- During the Woman Officer Candidate Class, ments. candidates receive the pay of a sergeant (E-5). Upon subcessful completion of the Woman Officer Candidate Class,college graduates are commis- Army ROTC is a coeducational program. sioned as second lieutenants in the USMC Reserve and remain at Quantico for the Woman Officer Basic Course prior to further assignments. Navy ROTC was recently opened to women on a limited scale. The undergraduate successfully completing the Woman Officer Candidate Class returns to college to complete her baccalaureate degree requirements, Navy Officer Candidate School (OCS). Qualified and may be eligible for $100 a month financial female graduates of accredited colleges receive 16 assistanceduringhersenioryear.Women weeks of training. Successful candidates are com- appointed as officers through the NROTC pro- missioned as ensigns in the unrestricted line or grams may elect Navy or Marine Corps for service. Supply Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve. College juniors Upon graduation she is commissioned a second may apply to take the first eight weeks of training lieutenant in the USMCR and attends the next during the summer after their junior year and then Woman Officer Basic Course. Upon commissioning return to college to complete their senior year. a Woman Marine Officer is usually obligated to Upon graduation they are normally obligated to serve at least 21/2 years on active duty. If the officer return to OCS for completion of training. has received a financial stipend from the Marine Age limits at time of commissioning are at least Corps, additional obligated service may be 're- 20 and under 271/2. Active duty obligation is three quired. years from receipt of commission. Coast Guard Officer Candidate School (OCS). Training for women officers in the Coast Guard is AirForceOfficerTrainingSchool(OTS). coeducational with male officers. See page 16 for Training for women officers in the Air Force is further details.

19 Basic Facts About Military life

Basic, or recruit training is the process by which Classroom Training. Classes are conducted on the Armed Forces provide young men and women serviceregulations,thehandling and careof with the fundamental knowledge required for them weapons, military courtesy, rules of conduct, the to become effective service personnel. Trainees are UniformCodeufMilitaryJustice,personal usually sent to the basic training base nearest their hygiene, emergency first aid measures, food sanita- home or place of enlistment. tion and handling, and military insignia.

Organization. Recruits train in groups of 55 to Army 100 men. Senior enlisted personnel are placed in charge of these groups -- called companies in the Basic Combat Training -- The objective of basic Navy and Coast Guard, flights in the Air Force, combat training is to establish a foundation of and platoons inthe Army and Marine Corps. discipline, motivation, military courtesy, physical Recruits normally remain inthe same groups condition, weapon proficiency, rights and responsi- throughoutbasictraining.Some traineesare bilities as a soldier of the U.S. Army. appointed to group leadership positions, under the close supervision of their instructors. AdvancedIndividualTraining--Prepares a soldier for duties in a particular branch or special- Special Tests. Recruits are given aptitude and ty. Designed to produce a soldier with sufficient classification tests, and then are interviewed by military occupational specialty training to enable counselors who take note of interests and abilities. him to be integrated into a unit of the Army. These tests and interviews are used to place new servicemen in appropriate military specialties or Length: Basic Combat Training-- Eight weeks, career fields. three days. Advanced Individual Training-- Five to Free Time Activities. Subject to certain restric- 44 weeks. tions, trainees may receive visitors, attend church services,participate in athletics, attend movies, Location: Basic Combat Training and Advanced visit the library and work in the hobby shop. They Individual Training-- Fort Dix, N.J.; Fort Knox, usually are permitted liberty or passes off the base. Ky.; Fort Leonard Wood, Mo.; Fort Jackson, S.C.; After graduation from basic combat training or Fort Polk, La.; and Fort Ord, Calif. advanced individualtraining they normally are given 10 to 14 days leave. Advanced Individual Training only-- Fort Bliss, Texas (Air Defense); Fort Sill, Okla. Pay. During training, recruits are in pay grade (FieldArtillery);FortGordon, Ga.(Military E-1. After basic training, in some services, most Police); and Fort Sam Houston, Texas (Medical). recruits are promoted to E-2. In other services they must complete a longer period of service before Navy being promoted. Location Great Lakes, Ill.; San Diego, Calif.; Physical Training. Physical fitness is achieved or Orlando, Fla. throughdailycalisthenics,competitive sports, swimming and foot marches. Length -- Nine weeks.

20 Special Training Classes in seamanship, naval Skill Training -- After completion of Recruit gunnery, survival-at-sea techniques, ship structure, Training, Marines are further trained in a Military Navy terms, life aboard ship, fire fighting tech- Occupational Specialty (MOS) based on their niques and damage control procedures at sea. capabilities and desires, and the needs of the Marine Corps. The length of this instruction is Air Force dependent upon the special skill being trained for and can be as few as five and as many as 67 weeks Location -- San Antonio, Texas in length. Such areas as electronics, aviation, data processing and combat arms are available to a LengthSix weeks. Marine for specialization. This training is provided through formal schools conducted by the Marine Basic Training Air Force basic training in- Corps or the other services, or through other cludes: processing, Military Law, drill, inspection, instructional means. Over 60 percent of Marines group living, physical conditioning, customs and attend a formal school after Recruit Training. courtesies, personal affairs, communicable diseases, career advancement, Air Force organization and Coast Guard history, human relations, illegal and improper use of drugs, security, first aid, marksmanship, ground LocationCape May, N.J. or Alameda, Calif. safety and basic survival. LengthNine weeks. TechnicalTraining -- Afterbasicmilitary training, all airmen receive technical training either Basic Training--Classesinphysical fitness, by attending a resident course or by a carefully military drill, seamanship, ordnance, damage con- structured program of on-the-job training begin- trol,first aid and personal hygiene, communi- ning at their first duty assignment. During a first cation,charactereducationandcitizenship, term enlistment, an airman can be expected to Uniform Code of Military Justice, human relations, advance through the semi-skilled and skilled level. Coast Guard history and tradition. During an Air Force career, he would also progress through the advanced and superintendent levels. Technical Training -- After basic training, most Approximately 85 percent of all new enlistees in Coast Guardsmen receive technical training either the Air Force receive technical training by at- by attending specifictraining schools or by a tending a formal course in residence at one of the carefully structured program of on-the-job training. five Air Force Training Centers before arriving at During their first enlistment Coast Guardsmen can their first permanent duty assignment. Resident be expected to advance to the level of skilled schools normally train to the semi-skilled level and technician. training to the skilledlevel continues through on-the-job training.

Marine Corps Personnel Assignments

Location --Parris Island, S.C. or San Diego, The types of duty and the areas overseas and in Calif. the continental limits of the U.S. to which a service member may be assigned are largely dependent Length11 weeks. upon: (1) the needs of the service; (2) personal qualifications; (3) the mission of the service; (4) Schedule -- Marine Corps Recruit Training in- the international situation and (5) personal wishes. cludes:processing, aptitudetesting, assignment interviews, physical conditioning, weapons marks- Needs of the Service. This means that the service manship, hand-to-hand combat, military subjects must necessarily govern the use of their personnel. instruction and intensive training in simulated Ordinarily, an individual will be assigned to a unit combat environment encompassing tactics, combat in which their military training can best be utilized. techniques, infantry weapons and field training. This course qualifies all Marines as basic riflemen, Qualifications. There are certain specific require- prepared for combat. ments for most types of duty in the U.S. and

21 overseas. Some of them are rank or rating, special- ty training, time left on current enlistment, past record in conduct and performance of duty and Promotion eligibility for transfer based on completion of a duty assignment elsewhere. Because there are differences in promotion pro- cedures in each service, the following information Personal Wishes. Each service rotates personnel by service -- is intended to clarify promotion periodically from one duty station to another. policies. Individuals are given their choice of duty and duty station providing such a choice fits the needs of the Army service. After completing four months' service, an Army Length of Duty Assignments. The length of time private in pay grade E-1 is advanced to private to be served overseas is based upon the type and (E-2). Trainees in top 15 percent of each class may location of duty and whether or not dependents be advanced to E-2 after eight weeks of Basic accompany the service member. Tours of duty Combat Training. Additional accelerated oppor- range from one year (without dependents) to four tunity for advancement to grade E-2 and to grade years (with dependents). E-3isprovidedduring AdvancedIndividual Training. In order to meet requirements for promotion to grades E-4 through E-6, the individual must: (1) be Uniforms fully qualified in the military occupational special- ty (MOS) in which promotion is to be made; (2) be International law requires that military person- recommended by his commanding officer;(3) nel wear uniforms todistinguish themfrom complete the time in grade and service require- civilians. Each service, however, decides upon the ments; (4) pass the appropriate physical fitness style and appearance of the uniforms its members test; (5) obtain a satisfactory promotion qualifica- will wear and how uniforms will be worn. tion score; and (6) have eighth grade education or Enlisted personnel receive their first uniforms equivalent for promotion to grade E-5, have high free. Thereafter, they must maintain and replace school diploma or equivalent for promotion to uniform items from their monthly clothing allow- grade E-6. Waivers of certain criteria mentioned ance. Officers buy their own uniforms. Generally, aboveareauthorized,toallow well-qualified there are three broad classes, or types, of military soldiers more rapid advancement. uniform: (1) field utility for manual work; (2) In addition to the above criteria, selection for service, for everyday wear; and (3) dress. There are promotion to grades E-5 and E-6 requires appear- a number of variations within these types. ance before a board of officers and noncommis- Personnelare requiredto wear appropriate sioned officers convened by a commander who has uniforms while on duty. authority to promote to the grade concerned. The As a general rule, personnel are permitted to number of Army-wide promotions made to grades wear civilian clothing during off-daty hours. E-4 through E-6 are controlled monthly by the Department of the Army (DA). Promotions to grades E-7 through E-9 are made by DA. Individ- Leave uals are selected by DA Selection Boards on a best qualified basis, Army-wide, from zones of con- Service members, regardless of rank or length of sideration periodically announced to the field. service, earn 30 days of paid leave each year at the rate of two-and-a-half days per month. If the needs Navy of the service permit, the individual is allowed the choice of taking annual leave all at one time or in A Navy recruit (E-1) is promoted to seaman portions at different times. Leave does not have to apprentice (E-2) upon completion of four months be taken each year; up to 60 days may be active duty. accumulated. Eligibility for promotion to seaman (E-3) is Men or women who are discharged or who based on four requirements: (1) adequate time in reenlist are paid for each unused day of leave grade; (2) successful demonstration of military and accumulated, up to 60 days. professional qualifications;(3)passing of local

22 examinations; and (4) recommendation of the Marine Corps commanding officer. For advancement in the petty officerratings (E-4 through E-9) an individual Promotions from private (E-1) through lance must: (1) fulfill the minimum service requirements; corporal (E-3) are governed by unit commanding (2) complete training, correspondence courses, or officers.Promotions beyondthesegradesare serviceschooling;(3)successfully demonstrate effected under a Corps-wide selection system. military and professional qualifications; (4) secure The manner in which a Marine performs his duty the recommendation of the commanding officer; is the primary factor affecting his advancement. (5) pass the Navy-wide competitive examination Written and pra.:tical examinations are used as for the rating; (6) pass a Navy -wide competitive additional factors. military requirements test for pay grades E-4 and Outstanding recruits can be promoted from E-5 only. Advancement to E-4 through E-7 is based private (E-1) toprivatefirstclass (E-2) upon on a Navy-wide final multiple which is accumu- graduation from recruit training. Other privates can lated through points earned for medals and awards, be promoted after they have six months service. total active service, service in pay grade, perform- Normal time-in-grade requirements for promotion ance marks and examination score. Members are to E-3 is eight months. Time-in-grade requirements advanced in order of the highest to the lowest final for promotion above L=3 can be varied periodical- multiple which remains within the authorized ly. Current requirements is eight months to cor- Navy-wide advancements allocated for the individ- poral and nine months to sergeant. ual rate. The Navy. also has an accelerated program up to Coast Guard and including early advancement to pay grade E-4 for new members who incur a minimum service A Coast Guard seaman recruit (E-1) is promoted obligation and complete specified courses of in- to seaman apprentice (E-2) upon completion of struction. basic training. Air Force Eligibility for promotion to seaman or fireman (E-3) is based on five requirements: (1) adequate An airman basic (E-1) is promoted to E-2 upon time in grade; (2) successful demonstration of completion of four months time-in-service. How- military and professional qualifications; (3) passing ever, airmen who qualify under the six-year enlist- of local examinations; (4) recommendation of the ment program are promoted directly to E-3 upon commanding officer; and (5) completion of cor- completion of basic training (six weeks). Airmen respondence courses. are promoted to Airman First Class (E-3) and To earn petty officer ratings (E-4 through E-9) Sergeant (E-4) without competition if they meet an individual musi, in addition to requirements 1, the minimum standards for time-in-grade and job 2, 4 and 5 above: (1) complete correspondence performance and are progressing well in their courses or service schooling and (2) pass the Coast training. Promotion to Airman First Class is nor- Guard-widecompetitiveexaminationforthe mally after one year of service and promotion to rating. Promotion is based only upon the service- Sergeant occurs at about the two year time-in- wide examination. The Coast Guard has an accel- service point. erated program whereby those men possessing Airmen are eligiblefor promotion to Staff special training in needed skill areas are promoted Sergeant (E-5) and higher grades based on: (1) to E-4 or E-5 immediately after recruit training. completion of time-in-grade and time-in-service requirements;(2) completion of required pro- Religion motion tests; (3) recommendation of commander; and (4) qualification in appropriate specialty for Armed Forcesregulationsrequireallcom- grade to which promoted. The selection process to manding officersto limit duty and work on Staff Sergeant and above is competitive and only Sundays to the extent that military personnel are the best qualified airmen are selected for pro- allowed to attend the religious service of their motion. The Air Force promotion systems provide choice. Personnel also are excused from duty to maximum visibilityby showingitsmembers attend services of their faiths on weekdays that exactly how they stand in comparison with their have the same religious .-%ligation or importance as contemporaries and equitable opportunity for ad- Sunday. vancement to all airmen. Protestant, Roman Catholic and Jewish services

23 are conducted at all major installations. Service President, is applicable to all the military services. members are encouraged to attend denominational This Code denounces certain criminal acts and services of their choice at nearby civilian churches, sets out procedures for the discipline, punishment, synagogues or other houses of worship. and trialof personnel whose conduct violates Chaplains who conduct the Armed Forces re- military laws or regulations. ligious programs are trained by seminaries and The system of military justice provided by the ordained by their respective religious authorities Code authorizes non-judicial punishment for minor just as all other clergymen. infractions as well as trial by Courts-Martial for Individuals are often asked to act as volunteer more serious offenses. The corrective devise em- lay leaders in their faith to assist chaplains. In ployed by the commander and the seriousness of smallerunits,when the full-time presence of the punishment adjudged in each instance is based chaplains is not possible, these lay leaders supple- strictly on the type of offense and the circum- ment regular visits of chaplains and hold appropri- stances involved in the individual case. ate services. If trial by courts-martial results in a sentence which includes discharge, dismissal, or confinement for a year or more, the case is automatically Military Justice reviewed by the Court of Military Review, which is Throughout this country's history, members of composed of senior military judges. If the con- the United States Armed Forces on active duty viction is unheld, the accused may petition the have been subject to a separate body of criminal U.S. Court of Military Appeals, the "Supreme law and procedure. The Uniform Code of Military Court" of the military justice system. This court is Justice of 1951, amended in 1968, a law enacted empowered to take action with respect to all by Congress, approved and implemented by the matters of law presented by each case. Pay and Allowances

The monthly salary received by military person: persons performing duties which involve dangers nel on active duty consists of basic pay plus special not encounteredinother jobs.Aviation and pay and allowances for which members of the submarine crewmen receive incentive pay based on Armed Forces are qualified. their grade and length of service. This varies from The types of military payments are as follows: $100 to $245 per month for officers; from $100 to $165 for warrant officers; and from $50 to $105 Active Duty Basic Pay is the amount paid an forenlisted members. For allother types of individual according to his rank or grade and length hazardous duty, officers receive $110 per month of service. and enlisted personnel $55. Hostilefirepay inthe amount of $65 is Special Pay is generally awarded individuals in authorized during any month in which a member is addition to basic pay for one or more of the subject tohostilefire, except in time of war following reasons: (1) unusually demanding or declared by Congress.Proficiency pay is awarded hazardous duty; (2) assignment to certain areas enlisted personnel for outstanding proficiency in outsidethe Continental United States; or(3) their specialties. Three types of proficiency pay are outstanding proficiency in performance of duty. authorized. One typeisawarcied for superior Allowances are the sums authorized for rations, performance on the job and is currently paid at the quarters, clothing, travel and transportation. They rate of $30 a month. The other types are for assist in meeting some of the expenses incurred as a proficiency in critical specialties and special duty result of military service. assignments and are currently authorized at month- ly rates varying from $30 to $150, depending on Special Pay the proficiency pay awarded. Sea and foreign duty pay is paid to enlisted Hazardous duty (incentive) payisgiven to personnel while aboard ship or while stationed in

24 Military Pay Scales GRADEPAY UNDER 2 OVER 2 OVER 3 OVER 4 OVER 6 OVER 8 OVER 10 COMMISSIONED OFFICERS YEARS CF SERVICE OVER 12 OVER 14 OVER 16 OVER 18 OVER 20 OVER 22 OVER 26 0.70-90-100.8 $2415.00 1610.701938.602140.50 $2500.20 1720.801996.802196.90 $2500.20 1720.802044.502243.70 $2500.20 2243.701720.802044.50 $2500.20 1797.302044.502243.70 $2595.90 1797.302196.902300.43 $2595.90 1902.002196.90 $2794.80 1902.002395.802300.40 $2794.80 1996.802300.402395.80 $2994.90 2595.902196.902395.80 $2994.90 2347.802500.202595.90 $3195.00*2794.802595.90 $3195.00*2700.302794.80 $3394.20* 2994.90 0-30.40-50-6 1194.0074820954.90805.20 1121.70131220836.40979.80 1046.10-1198.801397.70§93:70 1046.101198.801397.70989.40 1036.501064.701198.801397.70 1073.701112.101198.801397.70 1397.70 1254.901301.401397.70 1312.201388.401445.10 1369.201492.501673.70 1407.301578.301759.20 1625.701797.30 1683.001902.00 2062.50 0-10-2 566.10652.20 .37;1.50 89 712.50855.90COMMISSIONED OFFICERS WITH OVER 4 YEARS SERVICE AS ENLISTED MEMBERS 884.40 903.00 1187.70 1216.80 0-1.0-20.3 $989.40712.50884.40 $1036.50 760.80903.00 $1073.70 789.30931.50 WARWANT OFFICERS $113130 .817.50979.80 $1187.70 1017.90846.30 $1235.70 1046.10 884.40 W-2W-3W-4W-1 $762.00 505.50606.60693.00 $817.50579.90656.10751.50 $817.50 579.90656.10751.50 $836.40627.90675.30760.80 $874.50 656.10712.50770.10 $912.90684.6075150826.50 $950.70712.50780.00874.50 $1017.90 741.60808.20903.00 $1064.70 770.10836.40931.50 $1102.50 798.60865.50959.70 $1131.30 826.50893.70989.40 $1169.10 1027.20922.20855.90 $1207.801064.70 959.70 $1301.40 1102.50 E.8E-9 . _ $726.60 ENLISTED PERSONNEL $865.80 746.70 $885.60 766.50 $905.70 786.60 5926.40 807.00 $946.80 826.20 $965.40 846.60 $1016.40 896.10 $1115.10 996.00 E-4E-5E-6E-7 $507.30384.60369.90438.00 $547.20 390.60418.80477.90 $567.60438.90413.10497.70 $587.40 445.50458.10518.10 $607.b0 463.20488.10537.90 507.90627.00557.70 528.00577.80646.80 667.20547.20607.80 697.50557.70627.00 717.00646.80 736.80657.00 746.70 796.80 896.10 *LimitedE-1E.2E.3 under existing law to $3000. 355.80307.20342.30 375.30 390.30 405.60 certain overseas areas. This pay varies from $8 per families. When government housing accommoda- month for the lowest enlisted grade to $22.50 per tions are not available, unmarried officers and month for persons in the top pay grade. enlisted personnel receive quarters allowances. Those currently effective are as follows: Diving pay, not to exceed $110 per month, is paid to qualified divers. Officers receive $110 per Without With month and the amount enlisted members receive Grade dependentsdependents varies from $65 to $110 per month, depending on 0-7, 0-8,0-9,0-10 $230.40 $288.00 211.80 258.30 the rating and type of diving duty performed. 0-5 198.30 238.80 0-4 178.80 215.41) Doctors anddentistsinthe Armed Forces 0-3 158.40 195.60 receive extra monthly pay based on cummulative 0-2 138.00 175.80 0-1 108.90 141.60 service: 0-2 years, $100; 2-6 years $150; 6-10 W-4 172.50 207.90 years, $250; over 10 years, $350. Additional pay W -:3 155.40 191.70 W-2 137.10 173.70 for Veterinary and Optometry officers is $100 per W-1 123.90 160.80 month. Besides the extra monthly pay, doctors E-9 130.80 184.20 E-8 122.10 172.20 serving in critical specialties when they complete E-7 104.70 161.40 their active duty can agree to continue on active E-6 95.71) 150.00 E-5 92.70 138.60 duty and receive up to four months' basic pay for E-4 81.60 121.50 each additional year of the continuation agree- E-3 72.30 105.00 ment. E-2 63.90 105.00 E-1 600: 105.00 Allowances Dislocation allowances are paid to service mem- Subsistence allowances of $47.88 monthly are bers upon reassignment to help defray the cost of paid officersregardless of their pay grade or settling their families in new locations. This sum dependency status. All officers, no matter where amounting to one month's quarters allowance is they are stationed, pay their own food bills. The paid toofficers, warrant officers and enlisted current subsistence allowance for enlisted person- personnel in the grades of E-4 with more than two nel is $1.65 per day. years service but with obligated active service Family separation allowances are paid under sufficient to increase the total active service to six certain conditions of family separation of more years or more, E-4 with more than four years than 30 days to members with dependents in pay service, and grades E-5 through E-9. Dislocation grades E-4 (with over four years service) through allowances are also payable to unmarried members, E-9. They can receive an allowance of $30 per regardless of grade, wh?n government quarters are month in addition to any other allowances or per not assigned at their new permanent stations. An diem to which they are entitled. Officers are eligi- individual who owns and moves his mobile home at ble for this allowance. In addition, a member who government expense may not be paid a dislocation leaves his dependents behind while serving overseas allowance for that move. may, under certain conditions, have entitlement to Housing and cost of living allowances (in addi- still another type of family separation allowance. tion to any other quarters and rations allowances The amount which the member receives under to which they may be entitled) are given to service these conditions is the same as the amount of the membersstationedinsomeareasoverseas. basic allowance for quarters without dependents Amounts vary with the cost of living in the area. payable for his grade. Transportation allowances are paid to service members when they are reassigned to new stations Clothing allowances are paid to enlisted mem- or ordered on temporary duty away from their bers for cost and upkeep of clothing. This varies permanent stations. Upon honorable separation from $4.50 to $9.90 per month. Persons promoted from the serviceanindividualis entitled to a to chief petty officer (E-7) in the Navy and Coast mileage allowance from his last duty station to his Guard receive an initial allowance of $350 to home or to the place from which ordered to active purchase uniforms. duty. Upon retirement an individual is entitled to a mileage allowance from his last duty station to a Quarters allowances are paid to married officers home selected by him after travel to the home of and enlisted personnel to provide quarters for their selection has been completed.

26 In addition, members in pay grade E-4 with amount of readjustment or severance pay cannot more than two years service but with obligated exceed $15,000. active service sufficient to increase the total active Officers involuntarily separated from the service service to six years or more, E-4 with over four prior to reaching retirement eligibility may be years of service, E-5 through E-9 and all officers authorized readjustment pay or severance pay. An and warrant officers, are entitled to the following: officer is entitled to severance pay computed on either one (not to exceed 12 years) or two months a. Transportation allowancesfortravelper- (not to exceed 12 years) basic pay of his grade for formed by dependents and shipment of household each year of service. A reserve officer with at least goods at government expense when an individual is ordered to a new duty station. five years of continuous active duty immediately b. Upon honorable separation from the service, before separation is entitled to readjustment pay travel allowances for travel of dependents and computed on either one-half (not to exceed 18 shipmentofhouseholdgoodsatgovernment years) or two months (not to exceed 12 years) expense, from the last duty station to home or basic pay of his grade for each year of service. The place from which ordered to active duty. reason for the officer's separation determines the c. Upon retirement,. travel allowances for travel methodofcomputation,andthe maximum of dependents and shipment of household goods to home of selection. Payment of travel allowances Retirement Pay for dependents may not be made until travel of the member to home of selection has been completed. The laws under which personnel may meet requirements for retirement are numerous but Bonuses and Special Payments generally speaking there are three types of retire- ment for military personnel: length of service Bonuses are paid to enlisted members who (completionof 20 or more years of federal reenlist within a specified period of time following service), physical disability, and, in the case of their disCharge from active service. The combined officers only, age. total of reenlistment bonuses which can be re- ceived during a 20-year military career is limited to Disability Benefits $2,000. Members qualified to receive the regular bonus, When a service member suffers physical dis who have been designated as having a critical ability, he may be discharged, or, if eligible, retire military skill, may, as a special incentive, receive an and receive financial compensationusually in the additional bonus in an amount varying from one to form of monthly payments either from his four times the regular bonus. The degree of need service or from the Veteran's Administration. within a particular military skill determines the In either case, the degree of disability as amount of additional bonus payable. determined by a Veterans' Administration dis- Upon separation from the Armed Forces or ability evaluation board governs the amount of reenlistment, based on the individual's basic pay compensation. The degree of disability is meas- and allowances, payment will be made to com- ured, or rated, on a percentile scale, ranging from pensate for unused leave. 10 percent to total disability. Survivors Benefits

An individual is assured under federal legislation The first three benefits described below (payable that his dependentswife, children and financially by theVeterans' dependent parents will be provided financial Administration) and Social means if he dies while on active duty or following Security benefits are payable in monthly install- discharge as a result of disability. ments:

27 Benefits for Widows/Widowers. This benefit is plan, a service member who retires can provide a payable when the veteran's death was service- monthly income for the widow /widower and connected. The monthly payments dependupon dependent children to be paid after death. The the veteran's military pay grade in active service. government contributes to the overall cost, and the These payments may continue for life, butare remainder is deducted from the members retired discontinued if the widow/widower remarries. pay. Members with no spouse or children may designate a person with a natural insurable interest Benefits for Children. When there is no eligible such as some near relative. widow/widower or the widow's/widower's pay- Under this plan, a service member may elect a ments are stopped because of remarriage, monthly maximum of 55 percent of his monthly retired pay compensation is payable by the Veterans' Admini- to be paid to the beneficiary upon death. If the stration (VA) to the deceased service member's retired pay is $300 or less, participation in the plan minor children. For one child, the monthly pay- must be for the maximum amount (55 percent of ment is $92; for two children, $133; for three, $300, or of the full retired pay). An individual has $172; and for each additional child, $34. the option to: (1) participate at the maximum rate Even though there is an eligible widow/widower (55 percent of the full retired pay); (2) elect to entitled to compensation, each child over age 18 participate at a lesser amount;, or (3) elect not to and under 23 who attends school is entitled to participate. AU service members, within 60 days of monthly payments of $47. However, such children retirement, are counselled regarding their options may not receive this benefit concurrently with the and benefits under the plan. benefits described under the Educational Program forOrphans,Wives,Husbands,Widows and Social Security Widowers. Service members are fully covered by the Feder- Benefits for Parents. Parents of deceased service al Old Age and Survivors' Insurance (Social Securi- personnel also are eligible for benefits payable by ty) program. They pay the same rates for coverage the VA. Payments to parents, made irrespective of as civilians and receive the same benefits. Thus, the fact that the widow/widower or children also Social Security survivors' benefits for a deceased may be receiving benefits, are made on a sliding service member's dependents would be additional scale that takes into consideration the parents' to all of the foregoing benefits, income. If the parents are ineligible at the time of the service member's death, they may become VA Pension eligible at some later date. Compensation for one parent ranges from $10 to $100 monthly; for two A pension system for eligible survivors of veterr, parents, from $10 to $70 each. ans who served during the Mexican Border Period, World War I, World War II, the Korean Conflict, Six-Month Death Gratuity. When a service mem- Vietnam era periods and whose deaths are not the ber dies -- or when a former service member dies of result of a service-connected disability is author- a service-connected cause within 120 days after ized by law. Certain income and estate limitations discharge the Armed Forces pay a lump-sum apply, and the date of the widow's/widower's death gratuity to eligible survivors. The sum of the marriage is considered. Monthly rates of pension gratuity is equal to six times the monthly pay for a widow/widower with no children, range from (including incentive and special pays, but not $17 to $81; for a widow/widower and one child, allowances) that the service member was receiving $42 to $104; and if there is yore than one child, at the time of death. The law fixesan $800 the rate is increased by $17 for each additional minimum and $3,000 maximum on this gratuity. child. Payment of the gratuity has no effect on any other_ survivors' benefits. Life Insurance Survivor Benefit Plan Anyone entering active duty with a uniformed servicefor 31 days or moreisautomatically On September 21, 1972, the President signed insured for $15,000 under the Servicemen's Group into law a new annuity plan for survivors of retired Life Insurance Program -- unless the member elects military personnel. Under this new and inexpensive $10,000, $5,000 or not to be insured at all. The

28 premium cost is 17 cents per month per $1,000, or the sons, daughters, wives, husbands, widows and $2.55 for the full $15,000. Upon separation from widowers of veterans who died or were permanent- the service the amount of SGLI carried while on ly and totally disabled as the result of service in the active duty continues for 120 days, during which Armed Forces after the beginning of the Spanish- time the coverage may be converted to an individ- American War. These benefits may also be paid to ual policy with any participating company licensed wives and children of servicemen missing in action to do business inthe veteran's state, and at or held as prisoners of war. standard premium rates regardless of physical con- dition. If the veteran is totally disabled at sepa- ration, SGLI coverage continues for one year or Eligibility Requirements for Children. As a rule, until the disability ceases to be total in degree, a young person (man or woman) must be between whichever occurs firstand may be converted to 18-26 years of age and may have one living parent. an individual policy at the end of the period If the person enters military service before the concerned. No additional premium payments are 26th birthday, the period of eligibility will be required for either the 120-day or total disability extended to five years after the date of the first post-separation periods. discharge or release, but not beyond age 31.

In addition to SGLI conversion, a veteran who An individual may not enroll while he is in the receives a VA service-connected rating for which Armed Forces, and, in order to:attend school after compensation would be paid if 10 percent or more military service, he must have received a discharge other than dishonorable. indegree, and who k otherwise insurable at standard rates, may buy up to $10,000 Service- Disabled Veterans Insurance (RH) from the VA. Eligibility Requirements for Wives, Husbands, Other government life insurance is also available Widows and Widowers. This educational assistance from the Veterans Mortgage Life Insurance Pro- is available to wives and husbands of veterans who gram, for those persons who receive a VA grant for are permanently andtotallydisabled from a specially adapted housing. The amount of coverage service-connecteddisabilityor who have such is limited to $30,000 or the outstanding mortgage disability at the time of their death, or to widows balance, whichever is the lesser. and widowers of deceased veterans who died of a service-connected cause. Assistance is paid at the Complete information about these life insurance same month' rates payable under this program for programs is available at the nearest VA office. children, for a period of up to 36 months, and such eligibility must be used up within an eight-year period. Pay and Allowances Due Type of Training. These benefits are primarily All pay and allowances to include accrued leave for students enrolling in colleges and universities, due the service member (or unpaid retirement pay) although below-college-level courses may be taken are paid to whomever he designates. In the absence inschools whichoffer specializedvocational of a designation, payment is made to his survivors training that will fit a student for a vocational goal. in the order specified by law. Handicapped persons may receive special re- storative training essential to the normal pursuit of education. Examples are speech and voice cor- Aid to Orphans, rections, lip reading and braille reading and writing.

A young man or woman is generally prohibited Widows and Widowers from receiving a regular high school education under the program. On-the-farm training, radio and television training, etc., are not considered part of This Educational Assistance program of the this program. Children may not receive benefits for Veterans Administration provides financial aid for correspondence school courses.

29 Veterans Assistance Act Veterans who served on active duty for 181 days assistance allowance for each month served on or more, any part of which occurred after January active duty. The maximum months allowed can be 31, 1955, and who were discharged or released as hirh as 48 if eligibility is established under more under conditionsother than dishonorable are than one VA assistance program. eligible to receive benefits under the law. Reservists and National Guardsmen whose military service consisted of "active duty for training," however, Under thePredischargeEducation Program are not eligible. (PREP) personnel in need of remedial or deficiency Members of the Armed Forces who have served study for high school completion or college entry at least 181 days in active duty status, even though purposes can receive such study. The VA will pay not discharged, are eligible while still serving on up to $220 for PREP studies with no loss of GI Bill active duty. entitlement.Similar programs areavailableto A veteran with less than 181 days service is discharged veterans without a charge to entitle- eligible if he was discharged because of a service- ment. connected disability. Each VA regional office maintains a staff of professionalcounselorstoassistveteransin Education choosing an educational or vocational goal.

Under the law, veterans without dependents will Apprentice or Other On-The-Job Training receive $220 a month while undertaking fulltime courses, $165 for three-quarter time courses, and An eligible veteran may take, on a fulltime basis $110 for halftime courses. With one dependent, only, an approved program of apprenticeship or the rates are $261, $196 and $131 respectively; other training on the job. The employer's wages to with two dependents, $298, $224 and $149. For a person beginning on-the-job training (other than fulltimecourses,veterans areentitledto $18 an apprenticeship) must be increased on a regular additionally for each dependent in excess of two; schedule. Regardless of wages paid by the em- three-quarter time course, $14 additionally; half- ployer, monthly VA training assistance allowances time courses, $9. When a veteran undertakes a are paid at the following rates during approved fulltime program of education consisting of insti- on-the-job or apprenticeship training: with no tutional courses supplemented by training in a dependents, $160 for first six months, $120 for business or industrial establishment, the allowances second six months, $80 for third six months, $40 are $177, no dependent; $208 with one dependent; for fourth and any succeeding six-month periods. and $236 for two dependents, with $14 additional- The foregoing rates are increased with dependents. ly allowed for each dependent in excess of two. A maximum. of36 months of schooling is Flight Training allowed. This would cover four school years of nine months each for veterans who served on active An eligible and qualifiedveteran or service duty for at least 18 months and have fulfilled their member may take an approved course of flight military obligation. Veterans serving less that 18 training generally accepted as necessary to attain a months receive one-and-a-half months of education recognized vocational objective in the field of

30 aviation. A private pilot's license and high medical nel who have served at least 181 days may obtain standards are among requirements. The assistance GI loans. Unmarried spouses of eligible veterans allowance is computed at the rate of 90 percent of and service personnel who died as a result of established charges for tuition and fees that non- service-connected disabilities may also obtain GI veteran students must also pay. Entitlement (36 loans. months of schooling or lesser amount earned) is reduced one month for each $220 paid, and the Loans may be used for the following purposes: allowance is paid monthly. To purchase, construct, refinance or improve a home. Employment To buy a farm, farmland, stock, feed and The job counseling and job placement portion of seed, farm machinery and other farm supplies and the law is administered by local state employment equipment. offices in cooperation with the Veterans Employ- ment Service of the U.S. Department of Labor. To purchase a one-family unit condominium. The benefit provides counseling and priority for training programs or job openings. To purchase a mobile home (guaranteed loans only; no insured loans for mobile homes). Home and Farm Loans There is no expiration date for using GI loan Eligible veterans and active duty service person- entitlement. Advanced Educational Programs

The programs outlined below are designed to: courses of instruction in science and engineering (1) fulfill service training requirements; (2) increase through Civil Service and other agencies. - the general educational level of service personnel; In addition to the below listed programs, the (3) provide financial assistance to students of militaryserviceprovidesselectedofficersthe medicine, nursing and other professions in ex- opportunity to earn a postgraduate degree by change for specific periods of active duty; and (4) attending a collegeor university as a fulltime give high school graduates opportunities to pursue student.

MILI- EDUCATION TARY FURTHER PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE & LOCATION OBLI- INFOR- GATION MATION

TUITION All active duty servicePay '75 percent of tui-Studies lead- Two year Education ASSIST- personnel except offi-tion fees for off-dutying to bache-service ob- office at any ANCE cers within 2 years ofstudy lor's and ad-ligation formilitary base. ataccredited officers, controlled separation. schools.Coast Guardvanced de- none for pays up to $200 p'rgrees. enlisted semester. personnel. Most military bases. Coast Guard; one year.

31 MI LI- EDUCATION TARY FURTHER PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE & LOCATION OBLI- INFOR- GATION MATION

UNITED All active duty service Reduced fees for exten-Elementary Not Education STATES personnel. sionandcorrespond- subjects applicable. office at any ARMED ence courses. After ini-through sec- military base. FORCES tial $10 fee, the studentond year col- INSTI- receives one for enroll-lege and tech- TUTE mentcertificate;fornical occupa- (USAFI) eachcoursesatisfac-tional courses. torily completed.

ARMY All active duty militaryNormal pay and allow- Accredited Personnel Office of ENLISTEDpersonnel; tra ining ances,p 1 u stuition,universities, selected Personnel SCHOOL- must meet an Armybooks,trainingsup- colleges, willreen- Operations, requirement. plies and related fees.graduate list for at Department ING schools or least 3 of the Army, other civilian years or Washington, educational doublethe D. C. 20310 institutions. educational period.

GENERAL All active duty Academic and vocation- Education Not Director at EDUCA- military personnel. al at little or no cost; Centers world-applicable. any Educa- TIONAL counseling and testingwide. tion Center DEVELOP- free; training for ci- MENT vilian employment un- der Project Transition for terminating service- men.

ARMY Activedutycommis- On permanent changeBaccalau- Two years Director DEGREE sioned officers or war- of station orders to col-reate or for each at any COMPLE- rantofficerswith3 lege;receives normalgraduate year or Army Educa- TION years service, or enlist- payandallowances;degrees. portion tion Center. PROGRAM ed personnel with onestudent pays all schoolAny ac- thereof year of service who can expenses. VA benefits credited after com- obtain a baccalaureatemay be available. college or pletion of or graduate degree in university. degree. 24 months or less of fulltimecollegeat- tendance.

NAVY Active duty Navy orFull pay andallow-Up to four Complete Personnel ENLISTEDMarine Corps enlistedances, plus tuition andconsecutive and serve office of any SCIEN- men & women in payrelated fees. years; BS de- minimum Navy or grade E-3 or above with gree in sci- TIFIC ED- high school educations ence, engineer-of 4 years.Marine Corps UCATION or equivalent. Top per- ing or mathe- OCS command. PROGRAM (OCS not centile is chosen from matics. 21 col-necessary annual examination. leges. for USMC Combined GCT/ARI of personnel.) 120 or above

32 MILT- EDUCATION TARY FURTHER PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE & LOCATION OBLI- INFOR- GATION MATION

NAVY ActivedutyofficersFullpay andallow-Baccalau- One year Personnel COLLEGE who can obtain a bac-ances, officers pay allreate degree. for each 6 office of any DEGREE calaureate degree in 12educational expenses. Any !" months of naval activity. PROGRAM months or less through credited duty under full time attendance at college of: instruction. a civilian college. Com- university. bined GCT/ARI of 115 or above.

AIR FORCE Career-minded,activeFull pay and allow- Studies lead- Serve 4 Education AIRMAN duty airmen withatances, plus tuition anding to bache-years office at any EDUCA- least one year activerelated fees, for maxi- lor's degree. after duty and 30 semester Air Force TION & hours of college credit.mum of 2 years resi- commis- Base. COMMIS- dencestudyfollowed Selected sioning. SIONING by the School of Mili- civilian PROGRAM tary Sciences, Officer colleges. (SMSO).

AIR FORCEDependentoncareer Permissive TemporaryQualifying Serve 3 Education "OPERA- status, length ofser-Dutyto completebaccalau- times the office at TION vice and fields of study.c our se requirementsreate or length of any AF BOOT- fordegrees. Studentshigher de- Temporary Base. STRAP" payforalltuition,grees. Duty TERMI- fees, books and trans-*Improve job (TDY). NAL portation. proficiency in TDY Permissive Temporaryareas of con- PRO- Duty to take courses re-cern to the Air GRAMS lated to career fields. Force. *NONTERM- INAL

AIR FORCEAirmen serving on sec-Tuition, mandatoryStudies lead- Serve 4 Education office BOOT- ond or subsequentfees, and up to $100 ining to bacca-years after at any AF Base. STRAP enlistment who possesstextbook allowances arelaureate de- commis- COMMIS- a baccalaureate degreepaid. Upon award ofgree at college sioning. SIONING or can complete the de-degree, candidates at- of choice. PROGRAM gree requirements in 52tend SMSO. weeks or less.

AIR FORCE All academically quali-Maximum of 75 per-Off-duty ed- Two years Education "OPERA- fiedpersonnelexcept cent of tuition fee. ucation for for all office at TION officers within 2 years uate, grad- officers. any AF BOOT- ofcontrolledsepara- undergrad- Base. STRAP" tion. uate ortech- TUITION nical courses ASSIST- at approved ANCE schools.

MARINE All regular and reserveOrdered to college for Studieslead- Three or Commandant CORPS officers in the grade ofmaximum of 21 mos.,ing to bacca- four years of the Marine COLLEGE warrant officer throughdepending upon type oflaureate de- dependent Corps, Code DEGREE lieutenant colonel whodegree pursued.Per-gree at any upon length DX, Head- PROGRAM have sufficient creditssonnel receive regularaccredited ci- of program. quarters Ma- to enable them to com-payandallowances. vilian college rine Corps, plete their baccalaure-Students pay all school oruniversity. Washington, atedegreerequire- expenses. May use in- D. C. 20380 ments in a maximum service G.I. Bill. of 21 months.

33 MILI- EDUCATION TARY FURTHER PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE & LOCATION OBLI- INFOR- GATION MATION

SECNAV Any naval personnel onFull pay and allow-Courses of Must agree Commandant SCHOLAR- active duty, U.S. Navalances plus the amountstudy which nottore- of the Marine SHIP Academy NROTC ofthescholarshiphave a Serv- sign from Corps, Codu PROGRAM midshipman m nohas which would not exceedice applicationthe service DX, Head- won a scholarship forthe cost of sending theshall be for- during the quarters Ma- which he was author-member to the samewarded when period of rine Corps, ized to compete by the schoolat governmentauthorizing the scholar- Washington, Chief of Naval Opera-expense. Navy sponsor-ship and to D. C. 20380 tions or Commandant ship or schol- serve at Chief of Naval of the Marine Corps is arships. This leastthree Operations eligiblefor considera- program musttimes the (0p-993C1) tion for Navy or Ma- be one of length of Navy Dept., rine Corps scholarship. which is com-the period Washington, patible with of educa- D.C. 20350 the education- tion. al needs of the service, the in- dividual's ca- reer pattern, and military occupational specialty.

MARINE All regular Marines inFull pay and allowances Studies lead- Must agree Commandant CORPS DE-the grades of sergeantplus tuition and relateding to bacca-to reenlist of the Marine GREE COM-selected for staff ser- fees. laureate de- or extend Corps, Code PLETION geant,throughfirst greeatanyto have 4 DX, Head- PROGRAM sergeant/master ser- accredited ci- years obli- quarters Ma- FOR STAFFgeant, who have suffi- vilian college gated serv- rine Corps, NONCOM- cient credits to enable or university. ice beyond Washington, MISSIONEDthem to complete de- completion D.C., 20380 OFFICERS gree requirements in a of program. maximum a 21 months.

MARINE All active' duty service Tuitionassistanceor Off -duty edu-Two years Commandant CORPS personnel. free of charge. Profes-cation for un-for all offi-of the Marine OFF-DUTY sional college counsel-dergraduate, cers receiv- Corps, Code PROGRAM ing available. g-raduate or ing tuition DX, Head- technical assistance. quarters Ma- courses at rine Corps, accredited Washington, schools. D. C. 20380.

MARINE All Marine Corps per-All tuition, books, labPalomar Col- Must reen- Commandant CORPS sonnel on active duty in and other required feeslege, Cal.; list or ex- of the Marine ASSOCI- the grade of E-3or for a period of up to 21Pensacola tend for be-Corps, Code ATE above who have com-consecutive months ofJunior College,tween 1 DX, Head- DEGREE pleted between 3 and 12school.Personnelre-Fla.; Johnson and 4 quarters Ma- COMPLE- yrs of service and pos-ceive regular pay and County Com- years, de- rine Corps, TION sess a GCT of 120 orallowances. munity Col- pending on Washington, PROGRAM moreandarehigh lege, Kan.; length of D.C. 20380 school graduates or and Coastal schooling. equivalent. Carolina Community College, N.C. MARINE All regular and re-Ordered to college for aStudies lead- Three or Commandant CORPS serveofficersinthe maximum of 18 mos.ing to a four years of the Marine AD- grade of first lieuten-Personnel receive regu-masters de- dependent Corps, Code VANCED ant through lieutenant lar pay and allowances.gree at any upon length DX, Head- DEGREE colonel who meet the Students pay all schoolaccredited ci- of program.quarters Ma- PROGRAM criteria s td can com- expenses. vilian college rine Corps, plete the requirements or university. Washington, for an advanced de- Major fields D.C. 20380 gree in a maximum pe- of study are riod of 18 months. listed in a Ma- rine Corps bulletin.

34 MILI- EDUCATION TARY FURTHER PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE & LOCATION OBLIGA- INFOR- TION MATION

NAVY AS- Navy Enlisted person- Fullpayandallow- Up to 21 Navy en- Personnel SOCIATE nel(E-5 and above) ances, plus tuition, months Asso- listed Office of any DEGREE and Navy Warrant Of-books and related fees. ciate Degree six years Naval activi- COMPLE- ficers (WI-W4) meet- in Arts/ from enter- ty. TION PRO-ingspecificrequire- Science 1971- ing pro- GRAM ments. 72 school gram. (ADCOP) year, 12 Navy War- junior colleges rantsaf- participating. ter gradua- tion two years for one of schooling.

SPECIAL Permanent, regular Fullpay andallow- Naval Post- Officers Commandant EDUCA- and reserve officers onances plus tuition and graduate must agree of the Marine TION extendedactiveduty relatedfees(ifas- School, Mont-to remain Corps, Code PROGRAM with the regular estab- signed to a civilian edu- erey, Cal., and on active DX, Head- lishment in the rank ofcational institution). Civilian Edu- duty after quarters Ma- first lieutenant through cational Insti- comple- rine Corps, lieutenant colonel who tutions as as- tion of spe- Washington, meet all other require- signed. cial educa- D.C. 20380 ments. tion train- ing for a period up to 4 years. Medico/ Programs Financial assistance from the Armed Forces is education leading to graduate degrees and work- available to students in certain medical programs studyplansleadingto advanced professional (see listing next page) who will agree to serve in standingfor student nurses, registered nurses, their specialties in the Armed Forces in return for dieticians, occupational therapists, physical thera- such aid. The active duty required varies according pists and psychology students who have degrees to the amount of aid rendered. with major fields of study in appropriate areas. All involve service as commissioned officers with pay In addition to the programs outlined below, the and allowances commensurate with education and Army, Navy and Air Force offer a selection of professional standing in the field of specialization. programs which provide for internships, in-service Active duty varies from two to four years.

EDUCA- MILT- FURTHER TION & TARY INFORMATION PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE LOCA- OBLIGA- TION TION

ARMED Studentsorpotential A stipend of $400 per MD, DO, Serve Bureau of FORCES studentsofmedicine, month, plus tuition and DDS, DVM, minimum Medicine and HEALTH osteopathy,dentistry, certainacademicex- dpm, od, or 2 years de- Surgery, Navy PROFES- veterinarymedic i n e , penses. Pay and allow- Ph.D. in pendent Dept., Washing- SIONS podiatry, optometry or ances of second lieuten- psychology. upon length ton, D,C. 20390 SCHOLAR- psychologyatPh.D. ant/ensignduring45 of program. SHIP level. days activeduty for Certain ac- The Surgeon PROGRAM training annually. Corn- credited General, Attn: pensation (exclusive of schools. DASG-PTP, tuition and other aca- Washington, D.C. demicfeesandex- 20314 penses)approximately $5300 per year.

35 EDUCA- MILI- TION & TARY FURTHER PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE LOCA- OBLIGA- .INFORMATION TION TION

ARMY Students who arein Pay and allowances ofMD or DO Serve 3 The Surgeon SENIOR theirjunioryearin commissioned officer degree years on General, Attn: MEDICAL medical or osteopathic commensurate with active DASG-PTP-S AND school. grade. Certain ac- duty after Washington, D.C. OSTEO- credited internship. 20314 PATHIC medical or first STUDENT Or year grad- osteopathic uate medi- schools. cal educa- tion.

ARMY Students who arein Pay and allowances of DVM de- Serve 3 DASG-PTP-M SENIOR theirjunioryearincommissioned officer gree. years on General, Attn: VETER- veterinary school. commensurate with active dutyThe Surgeon INARY grade. Certain ac- after Washington, D.C. STUDENT credited graduation. 20314 veterinary schools.

STUDENT Full-time student nur-Pay and allowances ofDegree in Serve 2 U.S. Army NURSE ses who have completedE-3 for period of par- nursing. or 3 years Careers, BACCA- thefirst2yearsin ticipation. Tuition, according U. S. Army Re- LAURE- an approved college of books andfeesare to length cruiting Com- ATE nursing in age group paid. of partici- mand, Hampton, PROGRAM 18-25. pation. Va. 23369.

ARMY Full-time studer, Pay andallowances ofApproved Serve 2 The Surgeon Gen- STUDENT yearsofage,afterE-3 untilcompletion ofcolleges andor 3 yearseral, Attn: DIETITIANcompletionofsopho- academicrequirements. universities.according DASG-PTP-S more year ina pro- to aid Washington, DC, gram of study major- received. ing in food and nutri- 20314 tionorininstitution management.

ARMY Completionofsopho-Pay and allowances ofApproved Serve 2 The Surgeon Gen- STUDENT more year of collegeE-3 until completion of colleges or 3 yearseral, Attn: OCCUPA- and enrolled in curricu-academic requirements. and according DASG-PTP-S TIONAL lumofoccupational universities. to aid Washington, DC THERAPY therapy. Age 18-25. received. 20314 WALTER High school graduatesPay and allowances ofTwo years Serve 3 Army Careers, REED acceptedbyanac- E-1. Tuition and books at approved years U. S. Army Re- ARMY credited 4-year college paid. schools and after re- cruiting Com- INSTITUTEin age group 17-23. 2 years at ceiving mand, Hampton, OF Walter degree in Va. 23369. NURSING Reed Armynursing. (4 year Medical program) Center.

ARMY Students who arein Pay and allowances of OD degree Serve 3 The Surgeon SENIOR junior year in optome-commissioned off icer years on General, ATTN OPTOME- try school. commensurate w i t h Schools ac- active duty DASGPTPM, TRY grade. credited by after grad- Washington, DC STUDENT or holding uation. 20314. member- ship in one of the ap- propriate regional accrediting associa- tions or na- tional pro- fessional organiza- tions.

36 EDUCA- MILI- TION & TARY FURTHER PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE LOCA- OBLIGA- INFORMATION TION TION

NAVY Navy enlisted Hospital Pay and allowance of Up to 4 Serve 4 Bureau of Naval ENLISTED Corps personnel in pay grade, plus tuition andyears, nurs-years on Personnel, Navy NURSING grade E-4 or above who books. ing degree.active duty Department, EDUCA- are high school gradu- from date Washington, TION ates and have 1 year Any accred-of corn- D. C. 20370 Attn: PROGRAM active duty. itednurs-mission. Pers-B623. ingschool.

NAVY Nursing students (maleTuition,books, plus Nursing Two yearsBureau of Naval NURSE or female), who havepay and allowances of degree. on active Personnel, Navy CORPS a high school education, E-3 untilsix months duty if as-Department, are in their sophomoreprior to completion of sistedfor CANDI- degree requirements atAny accred- 12 monthsWashington, DATE orjunior yearina itednurs- D. C. 20370 Attn: nursing school, andwhich- time candidates orless, 3 are commissioned and ingschool. years if as- Pers-B623. will be in age groupreceive pay and allow- sisted more 20-29 upon graduation. ancesofanensign. than 12 Total enrollment not to months. exceed 24 months.

NAVY Students who are en- Pay and allowances ofMD degree Serve 3 Bureau of Medi- SENIOR rolled in junior year of a commissioned officer years on cine Code 3137 MEDICAL study toward a degree commensurate withAny ac- duty after Navy Department STUDENT of Doctor of Medicine. grade. credited completion Washington, D.C. medical ef intern- 20390 school. ship.

NAVY Applicants approved Pay and allowances ofDietetic Men 3 Bureau of Medi- DIETETIC for intern training in an ensign. internship years, WO- cine and Surgery, INTERN- age group 21-311h with 411 approved men 2 Code 35 SHIP a baccalaureate degree by the plus Navy Dept., in. foods and nutrition American month- Washington, orinstitutionalman- Dietetic for -month D.C. 20390 agement. Association. for train- ing over 1 yr.

NAVY Applicants in a g e Pay and allowances of Baccalau- Men 3 Bureau of Medi- PHYSICAL group21-311/2within an ensign. reRte de- years, wo- cine and Surgery, THERA- 12 months of comple- gree in men 2 Code 35 PIST STU- tion of .Approved course physical afterter - Navy Dept., DENT in physics:; therapy. therapy.. ation Washington, ox training. D.C. 20390

NAVY Applicants in a g e Pay and allowances ofCertificate Men 3 Bureau of Medi- OCCUPA- group 21-31 V:. enrolled an ensign, or degree years, wo- cine and Surgery, TIONAL inanapprovedpro- in occupa- men 2 Code 35 THERA- gram occupational tional after ter- Navy Dcpt., PIST STU- therapy. therapy. mination Washington, DENT of training. D.C. 20390

AIR Students who arein Pay and allowances ofMD degreeServe 3 USAFMPC FORCE theirjunioryearof a second lieutenant. years on (AFMSMB3) SENIOR medical school. Any medi- active Randolph AFB, MEDICAL calschool duty. Texas 78148 STUDENT approved by the Air Force.

37 EDUCA- MILI- TION & TARY FURTHER PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE LOCA- OBLIGA- INFORMATION TION TION

AIR FORCEStudents in age groupPay and allowancesof Dietetic Three USAFMPC DIETETIC 21-28 with a baccalau-a second lieutenant. internship. years (AFMSMB3) INTERN- reate degree who have active duty Randolph AFB, SHIP been accepted for an after com- Texas 78198 approveddieteticin- pletion of ternship. training.

AIR FORCEStudents in age groupPay and allowancesof Certificate Three yearsUSAFMPC PHYSICAL 21-28 enrolled in the fi- a second lieutenant. of degree inactive duty (AFMSMB3) THERAPY nal year of an approved physical after com- Randolph, AFB, TRAINING courseleadingtoa therapy. pletion of Texas 78148 bachelor'sdegreeor training. possess a bachelor's de- gree and have complet- ed all but the final year of an approved certifi- cate course in physical therapy. AIR FORCE Students in age groupPay and allowances ofCertificate Three USAFMPC OCCUI'A- 21-28 in their final yeara second lieutenant. or degree years ac- (AFMSMB3) 'TONAL in an approved clinical in occupa- tive duty Randolph AFB, THERAPIST occupational therapy tional after termi-Texas 78148 TRAINING training program. therapy. nation of traini:Ag. Cooperative Work--Study Programs

High school graduates interested in participating Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel in a college cooperative education program leading Attn: Chief, Training and Development Division to an undergraduate degree may investigate the Hq, Department of the Army following programs; however, these programs do Washington, D.C. 20310 not constitute the fulfillment of a military service Air Force Cooperative Work-Study Programs. A obligation and do not involve active duty with any cooperative work-study program is a system where- of the Armed Forces. by college students alternate periods of academic study with periods of employment and on-the-job Army Civil Service Cooperative Education Pro- training at an Air Force activity in areas closely gram for College Students. High school graduates related to their fields of study. who can meet the Civil Service requirements are Eligibility: To be considered for participation in eligible for these programs. Under the work-study a cooperative work-study program, students must program, which usually is of five years duration be accepted by orenrolled in an accredited and leadsto an undergraduate degree, student educational institution in a curriculum leading to a trainees receive a salary during periods of employ- bachelor's degree in an appropriate field of science ment. Upon graduation cooperative students are or engineering. eligible to be employed in a career position with Education and work: Academic study must be the Army. Additional information concerning the at an accredited college or university (1) in a Army program may be obtained by writing to the cooperative educational curriculum in which the following address: work is a prerequisite for the degree, or (2) in a

38 curriculum adapted to the educational institution Patrol (CAP) offers a large number of academic and the Air Force activity. Work periods take place scholarships and grants to its members. They are at one of a number of Air Force activities. divided into four major categories: undergraduate, Where programs are located: Cooperative work- advanced undergraduate, graduate and technical- study programs are located throughout the U.S. At vocational. Scholarships and grants are awarded for the present time most programs are conducted any field of study related to aerospace power in within four major commands. Additional informa- college or trade school. They vary in amounts from tion concerning these programs may be obtained $500 to $1500 each and are awarded for one to by writing to the following addresses: four years. The program consists of scholarships and grants totaling $42,000. For further informa- Air Force Logistics Command (MCACT) tion CAP members should contact their local Wright-Patterson Air Force Base headquarters or write to: Ohio 45433 Deputy Chief of Staff Air Force Systems Command (SCPCD) Aerospace Education and Cadet Programs National Headquarters, Civil Air Patrol Washington, D.C. 20331 Maxwell Air Force Base Office of Aerospace Research (RRPC) Ala. 36112 Building Tempo-D Washington, D.C. 20333 ASVAB AeronauticalChart and Information Center The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Bat- 2nd and Arsenal tery (ASVAB) is a series of nine tests designed to St. Louis, Mo. 63118 measure the aptitude of high school students in Civil Air Patrol Scholarships. Each year Civil Air five occupation areas. Test scores are valid in predicting probable occupational success. The test concentrates on electronics, general "Need A Lift?" mechanical, motor mechanical, clerical administra- tive and general technical. NEED A LIFT?, an annually revised 140 Since most enlisted military occupations closely page handbook published as a part of The parallel the technical vocational skills sought by American Legion's Education and Scholarship civilian industry and business, the ASVAB results Program, contains sources of career, scholar- are a useful supplement to other more academical- ship and loan information for not only children ly oriented tests being administered to high school of veterans but for all children. The publication students. contains information which leads students to The ASVAB, made available to students, schools over $4 billion in scholarships, fellowships, and local governments at no cost, is a Department loans and parttime jobs to help finance their of Defense program. The battery assists counselors education. It also lists information relative to in vocational guidance regardless whether or not state laws offering educational benefits. The the student intends to enter the Armed Forces. handbook serves as an excellent guide for The student sees his vocational aptitude scoring in teachers and parents in planning with students relation to his peers. to further their education beyond high schooL Schoolofficals and counsellors may receive Copies are available at 50 cents (prepaid) each additional information on the program from: or in quantities of 100 or more, 30 cents ptr copy (prepaid) from: The American Legion, Commanding Officer Department S, Post Office Box 1055, Indianap- Armed Forces Vocational Testing Group olis, Ind. 46206. , Texas 78148 Copies of A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND STUDENTS may be secured for the printing and postage cost of $5 (prepaid) for Learn and Earn 1,4)00 or $2.50 for 500 copies by directing Service Schools. The five armed services main- orders to: The American Legion, Education tain nearly 300 technical and specialty training and Scholarship Program, Department A, Post schools. Combined, they offer over 1,000 separate 'Office Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. courses of instruction. More than 300,000 service school students graduate yearly.

39 Career Fields Armed Forces career, or occupational, fields,different fields from which a potential service- described in this chapter can be defined as groupsman has to choose, for a number of the fields of related jobs in which enlisted personnel arelisted by any one service can be found in other trained and then employed as specialists.Theservices, with little or no difference in terms services list a total of 237 occupational fieldsof training or skills, or even of duties.Career Army, 59; Navy, 67; Air Force, 47; Marine Corps,fields open to women are not listed separately, 37; and Coast Guard, 28. However, these num-but are indicated by a (W) in the column headed bers do not mean that there are 255 distinctlyCAREER FIELDS. U. S. Army

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Army Personnelperform combat Participation in high school There are no comparable ci- No. 11 tasksusingrifles,mortars,team sports, automotive shops vilian jobs, however, the team- Infantry-Armor and tank destroying missiles,and mechanical drawing would work, communication and lead- tanks, personnel carriers, ar- be helpful in the infantry field. ership skills aredirectly mored reconnaissance vehicles, transferable. vehicle mounted guns, and re- lated fire control equipment.

Army Combat engineers perform Knowledge gained in high Blaster, construction equip- No. 12 such construction and main-school automotive mechanics, mentoperator,construction Combat tenance functions as building carpentry and woodworking,foreman,bridgerepairman, Engineering roads and bridges, operatingand mechanical drawing and and lumberman. powered bridges, laying outdrafting courses would be use- minefields and installing boobyful in the combat engineering traps,clearingor removingfield. minefields or booby traps, de- molishing installations, facili- ties and equipment with high explosives, erecting temporary shelters, and setting up ca- mouflage.

Army Operate and maintain guns, Artillerymen need mechani- Some relatedcivilianjobs No. 13 howitzers and auxiliary equip- cal and spatial relations apti-are: cartographic aid, junior Field Artillery ment, prepare operations andtudes, mathematical reasoning,draftsman, assistant surveyor, Cannon situation maps, compute firing goodvision,andstamina.surveyor,cartographersur- data for artillery guns, oper-Courses in mathematics, me-veyor, map and topographical ate and maintain automaticchanics and mechanical draft- workman. weapons,anddriveheavy ing would be helpful. wheeled and track vehicles.

Army Personnel emplace launchers; Requires reading and vocab- Some relatedcivilian jobs No. 15 assemble maintain, and pre-ulary aptitude to absorb and are: draftsman, map and topo- Field Artillery pare missiles/rockets for fir.comprehendtechnical data, graphicalworkman,cartog- Missiles/Rocket ing; plan and organize localmathematical reasoning, a n drapher,surveyor andradar defense; operate and maintainmechanical ability. operator. missile and launcher carriers and join warhead to missile/ rocket and assist in planning missile/rocketfiringopera- tions.

40 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Army Specialistscheck and fire Requires mechanical and Draftsman, map and topo- No. 16 missiles, perform missile as-vocabulary aptitude, and graphicalworkman,carto- Air Defense sembly, and control fire con-arithmeticalreasoning. Re- grapher surveyor, and radar Artillery trol equipment such as radars,quires night vision for occupa-operator. (W) computers, automaticdata tion of sites at night. transmission systems, and as- sociated power supply equip- ment, operate and maintain air defense weapons.

Army Specialists prepare and re- Requiresmechanicaland Draftsman, map and topo- No. 17 viseoperation and situationspatialrelationsaptitudes,graphical workman,carto- Combat maps, compute firing data forarithmeticalreasoning, goodgrapher, surveyor, electrician Surveillance arti1ieryequipment,partici-vision, and stamina.Courses and radar operator. and Target pateins u r v e y s,operate inmathematics,mechanics, Acquisition ground and aerial radars, fieldelectricityandmechanical (W) illumination, sound and flashdrafting would be helpful. ranging equipment.

Army Specialists inspect, test, re- Highschool courses in Electronic equipment techni- No. 21 pairandmaintainballistic mathematics, physics, electric-cian, radar installer and opera- Ballistic missile systsms and associatedity,andelectronics(radiotor, TV service & repairman, Missile test equipment; repair or re-and TV) would be preparation andguidedmissilesystems Electronic move and replace malfunction.- for Army school training inrepair. Maintenance ing components and assem-this field. (W) blies; and assemble and dis- assemble ballistic missiles.

Army Techniciansinspect,test, As in otherelectronics Electronic equipment techni- No. 22 repairandmaintainguide:; fields, high school courses incian radar installer and oper- Guided Missile missile launching control mathematics, physics, electric- ator, radio operator and re- Electronic equipment and internalcon- ity,and electronics are im-pairman, and guided missile Maintenance troldevicesthat direct and portant. systems inspector(govern- (W) control missiles from takeoff ment). to target.

Army Techniciansinspect,test, As in otherelectronics Radio installation and repair No. 23 maintain and repair guidedfields, high school courses in inspector, electronic equipment Missile Fire missile fire control equipmentmathematics, physics, electri- technician, radio & TV repair- Control and related radar installationscity and electronics are im-man. Electronic which guide missiles to target.portant. Maintenance (W)

Army Techniciansinspect,test, Knowledge gained in high Radio electrician and mecha- No. 24 maintain and repair airde- school mathematics,physics,nic, TV service and repairman. Air Defense fense missile fire control equip-electricity,electronics(radio Missile ment and related radar equip-& TV) and blueprint reading Electronics ment. would be of value. Maintenance (W) Army Techniciansmaintainand Knowledge gained in high Radioelectricianand me- No. 25 repair electronic equipment of schoolmathematics,physics,chanic, TV & radio repairman, Fire fire distribution systems asso- electricity,electronics(radioradar installer and operator Distribution ciated with air defense mis-& TV) and blueprint readingand electronic equipment in- Systems Repair siles. would be of value. spector. (W) Army Specialists install,operate, Knowledge gained in high Radio electrician and mecha- No. 26 repair and maintain microwave schoolmathematics, physics,nic, TV service & repairman Radar and radioequipment, radarsys- electricity,electronics(radioand electronic equipment in- Microwave tems, electronicnavigation& TV ), and blueprint read- spector. Maintenance equipment, and TV transmit- ing courses would be useful. (W) ting and receiving equipment. Army Specialistsinspect,t e s t. Knowledge gained in high Radio electrician and mecha- No. 27 maintain and repair tactical schoolmathematics, physics, nic, TV service and repairman. Combat missile systems equipment and electricity,electronics(radio Missile relatedcheckoutequipment& TV) and blueprint reading Electronics and trainers. would be of value. Maintenance

41 Career Fields Duties and Respoqsibilltles Qualifications Examples of Civilian Joint Army Specialists install and main- High school courses in Aircraftradioelectrician, No. 31 tainArmyfieldtelephone mathematics and physics and communications engineeras- Field systems,operatefieldtele- shopcoursesinelectricity sistant,plant wireman, and Communications phoneswitchboards.install would be helpful. aircraft radio electrician. Equipment and maintain field radio com- Mointenance municationsequipment,and (W) maintain drone aircraft con- trol systems. Army Specialists install and main- High school courses in elec- Radiocontrolroomtechni- No. 32 tain fixed-station radio receiv-tricity, mathematics, electron-cian, radiocontroloperator, Fixed Plant ing, transmitting, carrier and ics,andblueprintreadingradiomechanic,transmitter Communications terminal equipment. would be helpful. attendant, and radio & TV Equipment repairman. Maintenance (W) Specialistsinstall,operate Highschool courses in Radio electrician,electrical Army and maintain intercept equip-mathematics, physics, electri-instrument mechanic, meteoro- No. 33 ment, and maintain electroniccity, electronics (radio & TV), logical instrument repairman, Intercept measuring and testing equip-and blueprint reading wouldand electronic equipment in- Equipment ment and devices. be helpful. spector. Maintenance (W) Army Specialists perform mainte- High school courses in Electricalrepairman,elec- No. 34 nance, repair, inspection,mathematics, physics and shop tronics technician, tabulation Data Processing tests,andmodificationsof courses in electricity and blue- equipment and statistical ma- Equipment electricalaccountingequip-print reading would be useful. chine serviceman, and comput- Maintenance ment and electronic computers. er maintenance. (W) Army Specialists repair and main- High school courses in elec- Electricalrepairman,elec- No. 35 tain electrical/electronic, med-trical/electronics repair, blue-tronicstechnician,electronic Electrical/ ical equipment; meteorologicalprintreading,mathematics equipment inspector, and me- Electronic measuringequipment; andand physics would be useful. teorologicalinstrumentre- Devices testing equipment associated pairman.Medicalequipment Maintenance with nuclear weapons. repairman and aviation com- (W) munication maintenance. Army Specialists install, maintain, High school courses in Telephone installer, repair- No. 36 and repair telephone wires andmathematics,electricity,and man, cable splicer wire chief, Wire cables;installand maintainblueprint reading would be of radio electrician, radio mecha- Maintenance telephones, main frames, pan- value. nic, telephone electrician, and els, switchboards, generators, wirecommunicationsequip- batteries,ringingmachines ment repairman. and other similar equipment. Army Skilled specialistsrepair High school courses in Opticalinstrumentrepair- No. 41 instruments with optical, me-mathematics, physics, electric- man, camera repairman, office Precision chanicalandelectricalele- ity, machine shop, blueprint machine repairman, and me- Devices ments used for office machine,reading, and mechanical draw-teorological repairman. photographic, artillery remoteing would be beneficial. (W) fire-control,and topographic surveying purposes. Army Skilled specialists make, re- High school courses in Dental technician, optician, No. 42 pairs, and adjust orthopedicmathematics, physics, machine orthopedictechnician,lens Prosthetic devices of metal, plastic, wood,shop, carpentry and woodwork- grinder, dental ceramist, and Appliances leatherandothermaterial;ingwould provide useful optical element inspector. (W) make and repair dental knowledge. prosthetic appliances; and grind and prepare prescription lenses. Army Skilled specialists repair and Vocational high school Automobile uph o l s t e r e r, No. 43 fabricate textile, canvas, andcourses such as blueprint read- parachute rigger, and furni- Textile and leather equipment; repair anding, electricity, machine shop, ture repairman. Leather Repair packcargo and personnel textiles, carpentry and wood- (W) parachutes. working would be useful. Army Metal workersinstalland Vocational high school Welder, sheet metal worker, No. 44 repair metal body components, courses in blueprint reading, machinist, automobile body re- Metal Working radiators, fuel tanks, and re- machine shop, metal working,pairman, metal finisher, and (W) lated items; forge, weld, and automotivemechanics,me- machine foreman. fabricate parts for metal mili- chanical drawing and draft- tary equipment. ing,and basicmathematics would be useful.

42 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Army Armament maintenance men Preparation for training and Gunsmith, firearms assem- No. 45 repairandrebuildawide work in this field should in-bly foreman, armorer, arma- Armament variety of weapons used byclude high school courses inment mechanic and machinist, Maintenance the infantry-armor-artillerymathematics,physics,blue- ordnance inspector,rigger, (W) combat team, ranging fromprint reading, machine shop,electrical test and instrument small arms and missile sys-and automotive mechanics. repair. tems to heavy artillery. Army Specialists maintain and re- High school courses in math- Rigger, electronic equipment No. 46 pair guided missile mechanicalematics,physics,electricity, repairman, ordnanceman, guid- Missile assembliesandcomponents;automotive mechanics,and ed missile inspector, and elec- Mechanical assemble, modify, and overseeblueprint reading would be oftrical instrument repairman. Maintenance nuclearweaponsmechanicaluse. (W) componentsand associated equipment. Army Personnel in this field per- Coursesincarpentry and Bricklayer,carpenter,rig- No. 51 form dutiesas constructionwoodworking, masonry, sheetger, structuralsteelworker, Construction and utilities workers, carpen-metalworking, mechanical blaster, pipeline worker, con- and ters,structuresspecialists,drawing and drafting,blue- structionforeman,plumber, Utilities masons, camouflagespecial- printreading,andgeology pipe fitter, refrigeration (W) ists,pipelinespecialists,soil could be put to direct use inand air-conditioning mechanic, analysts,constructionfore-the construction activity. sheetmetalworker,water- men, heating and ventilatingKnowledge gained in chemis- works foreman, andelectri- specialists, plumbers, heatingtry, electricity, blueprint read-cian. andcoolingspecialists,fireing,sheetmetalworking, fighters, water supply special-plumbing,andrefrigeration ists, utilities foremen, terraincourses wouldbebeneficial analysts, and electricians. in utilities activity. Army Specialists operate and Some mechanicalability, Electrical motor repairman, No. 52 maintain stationary and port-good powers of concentration, power plant operator, substa- Power able power generating equip-good reasoning ability and ex- tion operator, substation elec- Production ment, nuclear power plants,ceptional manual dexterity are trician, powerhouse electrician, and Distribution and repair electric motors andimportant.Courses inelec- and power-reactor operator. (W) generators, and remote con-tricity and blueprint reading trol and power equipment. would be helpful. Experience assubstationor generating station operator, or as nuclear power plant operator would be desirable. Army Technicians operate and Any knowledge of labora- Acetylene, nitrogen, oxygen, No. 53 perform operator maintenance tory work thattheperson carbon dioxide, and chemical Industrial onplantsthatmanufacture entering this field is able toplant operator as well as op- Gas Production gaseous oxygen, nitrogen, bring with him would be help-erating engineer, oxygen and/ (W) acetylene, carbon dioxide, dryful.School courses in mathe or acetylene gas. ice, and hydrogen; and oper-matics, physics, and chemis- ate auxiliary storage, handlingtry would be beneficial. and transport equipment. Army Chemicalspecialistspro- High school courses in bi- Laboratoryassistant(bio-. No. 54 vide decontaminationservice ology,chemistry,andelec- logical,chemical,orradio- Chemical after chemical, biological, or tricitywouldprovideback- logical), pumpman and repair- (W) radiologicalattacks,produce ground for Army technicalman (chemical), and extermi- smoke for battlefield conceal-training. nator. ment, repair chemical equip- ment andassistinoverall planning of chemical, biologi- cal, or radiologicalactivities, Army Ammunition specialistsre- Mechanical aptitude, atten- Toxic chemical handler, am- No. 55 condition and salvage ammu-tiveness,goodnearvision, munition inspector, and acid Ammunition nition and explosives; locate,normalcolordiscrimination, plant operator. (W) remove and destroy or salvagemanual dexterity, and hand- unexploded, spent bombs andeye coordination. missiles; handle and store ex- plosives and components. Army Personnel perform such Vary with each job. Civilian jobs are similar ex- No. 57 duties as: semi-skilled labor in cept for graves registration General service and support companies personnel who collect, identify, Duty and labor pools, railway sec- evacuate, and bury deceased (W) tion foremen, duty foremen, militarypersonnel. Civilian tire repairmen, foundry men, jobs related to this are: em- sawyers, laundry and impreg- balmer, funeral attendent, and nation specialists, and graves identification clerk. registrationspecialists.

43 Career Fields Duties andRI'S Sibilltles Qualifications Examples of Civilian Joint Army Personnel perform deck and School courses in automo- Shipfitter, marine oiler, div- No. '61 engineering duties aboard har- tive mechanics, blueprint read-er, ship carpenter, marine ma- Marine Operations bor and landing craft. ing, carpentry and woodwork- chinist, able seaman, electric (W) ing, machine shop, sheet metalgantry crane operator. working,electricity,mathe- matics, and physics would be of value. Army Maintenance men repair and Preparationfortraining Diesel, automotive, engineer- No. 62 service construction machinery and work iiithis field shoulding equipment, and tractor me- Engineer such as graders, cranes, and includecoursesinphysics, chanic, motor analyst, crane Heavy tractors; repair diesel engines, blueprint reading, automotiveoperator, asphalt and concrete Equipment fuel-injectionsystems,a n d mechanics, electricity, and equipmentoperator,tractor Operation and auxiliary motors; operation of machine shop. and grader operator. Maintenance construction machinery such as (W) road paving equipment, cranes, tractors, graders and auxiliary equipment. Army Automotive maintenance High school courses in auto- Automotive mechanic, motor No. 63 men service and repair landmotive mechanics, electricity,analyst, bakery equipment re- Mechanical and amphibious wheeled andblueprintreading,machinepairman, refrigeration equip- Maintenance track vehiclesranging fromshop, and physics would bement repairman, frame and (W) cars and light trucks to heavy useful. wheel alignment mechanic, and tanks and self-propelled weap- tractor mechanic. ons; install and repair refrig- eration, bakery and laundry equipment.

Army Motor transport personnel Mechanical aptitude, reason- Bus drive r,trailer-truck No. 61 operate automobiles, light and ing and verbal ability, gooddriver, auto driving instructor, Motor Transport heavy trucks, tractor-trailers, vision and hearing, and normal depot master or dispatcher and (W) tanktransporters,andam- color discrimination are im- motortransportationtraffic phibious wheeled vehicles. portant. Schoolcoursesin inspector. automotivemechanics would be helpful Army Railwaymaintenanceand High school courses in auto- Repairmenofdieselloco- No. 65 operationsspecialistsservice motive mechanics, electricity, motives, airbrakes,boilers Railway and repair steam locomotives, machineshop,shop mathe-and engines; locomotive elec- Maintenance boilers, and engines;diesel/ matics, sheet metal working,trician, pipefitter, and round- and Operation electriclocomotives,engines, blueprint reading, carpentry,house foreman. Also locomo- (W) and electrical systems; and airand physics would be benefi-tive engineer or fireman, rail- brake systems; operate steam cial. way brakeman, switchman, de- and diesel/electric locomotives murrage clerk, dispatcher, sta- perform train crew duties; and tion agent, and station master. plan the movement, placement, pickup, and receipt of railway cars. Army Aircraftmaintenance men Students who have studied Aircraftenginemechanic, No. 67 service and perform general automotivemechanics,blue- air-frame repairman, airplane Aircraft maintenance on fixed-wing print reading, electricity, electrician, and aircraft fuel Maintenance and rotary-wing aircraft, oper- sheet metal working, mathe- systems mechanic. (W) ate aircraft weapon systems, matics, and physics would find andserveasflyingcrewsuch background of value. chiefs. Army Aircraft components repair- Preparation for training and Aircraftenginemechanic, No. 68 men service and repairair-workinthisfieldshould aircraft carburetor assembler, Aircraft craft components and systems; includecoursesinphysics, airplanemechanic,propeller Components repairfuelsystems,power blueprint reading, automotivemechanic, instrument repair- Repair trains,alliedequipment,in- mechanics, electricity, ani ma- man,andhydrauliccontrol (W) struments,and instrumentchine shop. unit assembler. systems;inspect,test,and repair aircraft electrical sys- tems. Army Administration personnel Administrationdutiesre- Clerk-typist, secretary, em- No. 71 perform duties as clerk-quireverbalandreasoningploymentinterviewer,post- Administration typists,stenographers,legalability and clericalaptitude.al clerk, news reporter, copy- (W) clerks, postalclerks, medical School courses in English com-reader, editor, radio announcer, records clerks, personnel, payposition,typing,shorthand, script writer, radio-TV station and administration specialists, officemachines,journalism,manager, public relations man, information,broadcastand speech and dramatics wouldand historian. attache specialists. be useful.

44 Career Fields Dulles and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Army Personnel process coded and Whilethe Army provides Teletype operator,switch- No. 72 uncoded messages and operate all the training needed in this boardoperator,telegraphic- Communications telephone switchboards,tele- field as well as in all its othertypewriter operator, radio in- Center typewriters, and cryptographic fields,the student who has tercept monitor and code clerk, Operations machines and devices in com-studied typing and other com- andcryptographer(govern- (W) munications centers. mercialsubjects wouldfindment). such training useful.

Army Finance specialists keep Knowledge gained inhigh Payrollclerk,costclerk, No. 73 ledgers and other fiscalre- school commercial courses audit clerk, cashier, accounting Finance cords, prepare budgets, pro- (bookkeeping, business arith-and fiscal clerk, bookkeeper, (W) cessinvoices and disbursing metic, accounting, typing, andaccountant, and auditor. vouchers, make payments, and office machines) would be very audit accounts. helpful.

Army Skilledspecialistsoperate Duties require reasoning and Codingclerk,keypunch No. 74 a variety of electric account-verbalability,clericalapti- operator, sorting machine op- Data Processing ing, and automatic data pro-tude, finger and manual dex-erator, machine records unit (W) cessing equipment to produceterity, and eye-hand coordina-supervisor, computer operator. personnel, supply, fiscal, medi- tion. School courses in typing cal, intelligence and other re-and office machines would be ports. helpful.

Army Supplyspecialistsreceive, Requiresnumbersability Inventory clerk, stock con- No. 76 store,andissueindividual, and perceptual speed in scan- trol clerk or supervisor, shipp- Supply organizational,andexpend- ningandcheckingsupply ingclerk,partsman,and (W) able supplies and equipment documents. Requires verbal warehouse manager. andspareparts;establish, ability. Schoolcoursesin post, and maintain stock record bookkeeping, typing, and of- cards. fice machine operation would be beneficial.

Army Dependingonspecialties, High schoolsubjectsthat Draftsman (structural, me- No. 81 personnelproduceconstruc- would prove useful are; me- chanicaland topographical), Drafting and tion drawingsand plans. chanical drawing and draft-cartographicaid,art layout Cartography maps, charts, diagrams, anding, blueprint readings com-man, model maker, commercial (W) illustrated material; construct mercial art, fine arts, geog-artist, and physical geogra- scale models of terrain, struc-raphy, and mathematics. pher. tures, weapons, etc.

Army Surveyors collect data es- High school courses in Surveyor, civil engineering No. 82 sentialto construction plan- mathematics(throughsolid aid, map compiler, and topo- Surveying ning and map making.Othergeometry and trigonometry), graphic or geodetic computer. (W) specialists in this field com- mechanical drawing and draft- pute topographic and geodetic ing. data.

Army Printers compose type man- A student who has studied Compositor, linotype opera- No. 83 ually and by machine, operategraphic arts or printing and tor, photolithographer, press- Printing letterpressandlithographichas worked in a print shop or man, bookbinder, makeup man, (W) offsetpresses, make plates,operated duplicating or photo- and proofreader. and operate bindery machines copymachineswouldfind and equipment. these experiences very helpful.

Army Pictorial specialists operate School courses in chemistry, Commercial photographer, No. 84 still, motion picture, and aerial art and mechanical drawingmotion picture ortelevision Pictorial cameras; process film; operateand. drafting would provide cameraman, recordingengi- (W) television cameras and soundbackground for Army train.neer, and news photographer. recording and facsimile trans-ing in the pictorial field. mission equipment.

Army Specialists assist Army phy- Knowledge gained by study- Social worker(caseaid); No. 91 sicians, surgeons, nurses, den- ing such high school subjectspractical nurse, dentist's assist- Medical Care and tists, psychologists, and social as biology, chemistry, hygiene. ant, surgeon's assistant, psy- Treatment workers, veterinarians, and al-sociology, general math and chologicalaid,and hospital (W) lied medical service specialistsalgebra would be of particularattendant or orderly. in carrying out their profes-?slue. sional duties.

45 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Army Personnel in this field use Studying such high school Biological laboratory assist- No. 92 equipment and supplies suchsubjects as hygiene, biology, ant, petroleum tester, chemical Laboratory as microscopes, chemicals, physics, chemistry, and mathe- laboratory assistant, and food Procedures test tubes and distillation ap- matics would be good prepara- laboratory testing assistant. (W) paratus in conducting labora-tion for Army training and tory analyses of human speci-work in this field. mens, petroleum products, and chemical, biological and radio- logical elements. Army Control take off and land- Vary withjob performed. Control tower operator, link No. 93 ing of aircraft, operate flight Courses in science, chemistry, trainer instructor, radio opera- Technical simulatorforaviationpilotphysics and mathematics pro- tor and weather observer. Equipment training, make observationsvide a good background for Operation andprovidemeteorologicalfurther Army trainingand (W) data, and operate microbaro-experience. Emotionalsta- graph and countermeasure bility, decisiveness, and clear equipment. speech are requiredin con- trolling air traffic. Army Food service personnel Students who havetaken Cook, chef, executive chef, No. 94 serve as cooks, bakers, and coursesinhome economics. caterer,baker, meat cutter, Food Service meat cutters, and hospital foodchemistry, or hygiene, or who butcher,kitchensupervisor, (W) processors.Throughexperi- have worked in school kitch-and cafeteria manager. ence, demonstrated ability, andens, a restaurant, bake shop, promotion, personnel reach su- or meat market, will find such pervisorypositionsinfood experience of value. service field. Army Military police guard mili- Students who have studied Policeman, plant guard, de- No. 95 tary prisoners and prisoners sociology,and demonstrated tective, investigator, crime de- Law of war, enforce military order, prowess and leadership in ath- tectionlaboratoryassistant, Enforcement control traffic, and investigateletics and other group work and ballistic expert. (W) crimes involving military per- will find such experience quite sonnel. helpful. Army Intelligence specialists gath- High school courses in Eng- Investigator, interpreter, No. 96 er,translate,correlate,and lish composition, typing, for-cartographic aid, files search- General interpret all kinds of informa- eign languages,economics, er, translator, records analyst, Intelligence tion,includingphotographs, geography, and history would research worker, and intelli- (W) having any bearing on military be of particular value. gence analyst(government). plans and operations. Army Field includes such jobs as Vary with each job. Dog breeder, salesman, pro- No. 00 divers, dog trainers,special motionalaid,personnel and Special dutyassignments,recruiter employment technician, diver, Assignment and career counselors and drill and diver's helper. (NEC) sergeants. (W) Army Field includes such jobs as Vary with each job. A back- Electrical engineer, mathe- No. 01 electrical/electronicengineer- groundinscience,biology, matician,staistician,physi- Special ing assistants, mechanical en-chemistry, p'.iysics, mathemat Cist,chemist, chemical engi- Requirements gineering assistant, civil ics and psychology is required. neer, pharmacologist, biologist, (W) engineering assistants, mathe- and psychologist. matics-statistics assistants, chemicalengineeringassist- ants, biological sciences assist- ants and personnel psychology specialists. Army Bandsmen perform duties as While the Army provides Bandsman, bandmaster, mu- No. 02 musicians in unit and specialtwenty-three weeks of inten- sician, accompanist, arranger, Bandsman bands may advance to enlistedsive musical training at the musicdirector,orchestrator, (W) or assistant bandleader as en-Armed Forces School of Mu- music teacher, orchestra lead- listed man or to bandmaster assic, it requires that personnel er, and vocalist. w a r r a n tofficer.Qualified entering the field pass an in- Warrant Officers and Com-strumental audition on a brass, missioned Officers may be ap- woodwind, or percussionin- pointed as Commissioned Staff strument. Bands Officers. Army Specialservicesspecialists Schoolcoursesinspeech, Recreation director, athletic No. 03 organize and conduct recrea-dramatics, music, art, library coachordirector,librarian, Special tion, entertainment, and ath- science, and physical education and radio announcer. Services letic programs. as well as any practical ex- (W) periencein thesesubjects would be of direct value.

46 Career Fields Dut lee and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Army Personnel in this field per-High school courses in English Translator and interpreter. No. 04 form duties as translators andcomposition,typing,foreign Linguists interpreters. languages,economics,geo- (W) graphy, and history would be of particular value. Army Radio code operators trans- Students who have studied Radio operator, code clerk No. 05 mit and receive messages, bytyping and other commercial(government),radiotelegraph Radio Code key or voice, on low or inter-subjects,or who havehad operator, airline radio operator (W) mediate radio nets and radiopractical radio or teletype ex-and radio news copyman. teletype equipment. perience,wouldfindsuch training and experience quite useful. U. S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Navy & Perform almost any seaman- An important qualification Motorboatoperator, pier Coast Guard ship task, including operationfor boatswain's mates is lead- superintendent,able seaman, No. 1 of small boats, storing cargo,ership. They must be physical-canvas worker, rigger, cargo Boatswain's Mate handling ropes and lines, andly strong. A school course in winchman,mate,longshore- directingthe work of deckpractical arithmetic is highly man. force personnel. desirable, and courses in alge- bra, geometry, and physics are helpful.

Navy & Perform or assistin per- Requiregoodvisionand Bargecaptain,motorboat Coast Guard forming jobs relatedtothe hearing and should be able to captain,quartermasterpilot No. 2 navigation of ships, steering,expressthemselvesclearly,harbor aboard merchant ships, Quartermaster lookout supervision, ship-con-both in writing and speaking.yacht captain. trol, bridge-watch duties, visu- School courses in public speak- al communications, and main-ing, grammar, geometry, and tenance of navigation aids. physics are helpful.

Navy & Operatesurveillancea n d Duties require prolonged at- Radiooperator(aircraft, Coast Guard search radar, electronic recog- tention and mental alertness.ship, government service, ra- No. 3 nition and identificationPhysics, a good background indio broadcasting), radar equip- Radarman equipment, controlled approachmathematics, and shop coursesment foreman,andcontrol- devices and electronic aids toin radio andelectricityare room man, control tower oper- navigation, serve as plottershelpful. Experienceinradio ator. and status board keepers. repair or ham radio is valu- able.

Navy & Operateelectronicunder- Must have normal hearing, Oil well sounding device op- Coast Guard water detection and attack ap-andclearspeakingvoice. erator, radio operator, inspec- No. 4 paratus and obtain and inter- Schoolcoursesinalgebra,torofelectronicassembly Sonar Technician pret information therefrom forgeometry, physics, electricity,electronics technician, electri- tactical purposes. Techniciansand shopwork are desirable.cal repairmen. maintain and repair electronicExperience as an amateur ra- underwater sounddetection dio operator is helpful. equipment.

Navy Send and receive messages Requiregoodvisionand Third mate, signalman deck No. 5 by flashing light, semaphore,hearing and should be able tocadet, harbor policeman, small Signalman and flag hoist; handle, route expressthemselvesclearly,boat operator. and file messages; code and de-both in writing and speaking. code message headings; oper- School courses in public ate voice radio; and maintain speaking, grammar, and Eng- visual signal equipment. lish are desirable.

47 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobe Navy Maintain and overhaul tor- Should possess a high degree Ordnanceforeman,gyro- No. 6 pedoesanddepthcharges; ofmechanical andelectricalscope assembly supervisor, in- Torpedoman's maintain and repair ordnanceaptitude.Schoolcoursesin strument mechanic, electronics Mate launching equipment;launch electricity, machine shop, technician,motor/officema- and recover torpedoes. welding, mechanical drawing,chine repairman. andinpracticalandshop mathematics are desirable. Navy Test, maintain, and repair Possess a high degree of me- Ordnanceman, mine assem- No. 7 mines, components, and minechanical aptitude .Schoolbler, ammunition foreman, Mineman laying equipment. courses in electricity, machinepowderman,electrician,har- shop work, welding, mechani-bor patrolmen. cal drawing, and practical and shop mathematics are desir- able.

Navy & Operate and perform main- Possess a high degree of ap- Gunsmith,armorer,lock- Coast Guard tenance on guided-missiletitudefor mechanical work.smith, ordnanceman, electrical No. 8 launching systems, rocketSchool courses in arithmetic, /small appliance repairman. Gunner's Mate launchers, guns, gun mounts,shop mathematics, electricity, turrets; inspect/repair electri- physics,and shopworkpro- cal, mechanical and hydraulicvide adesirableeducational systemsinvolved;supervise background. personnel in ammunition stow- age. Navy & Operate, test, maintain and Perform fine, detailed work. Radar technician test range Coast Guard repair weapons controlsys- They needtobecomewell tracker, instrument repairman, No. 9 tems and telemetering equip- qualifiedthroughextensive electrician, electronics techni- Fire Control ment used to compute and re-training in mathematics, elec- cian. Technician solve the many factors which tronics,electricity, and me- influence the accuracy of na- chanics. val gunfire.

Navy Perform maintenance on Have a high degree of me- Electronicstechnician,in- No. 10 Fleet ballisticmissiles, com-chanical aptitude and manual strumentrepairman,electri- Missile ponents, support and handling dexterity.Schoolcoursesin cian,test equipment repair- Technician equipment; test, adjust, cali-electricity, electronics, mathe- man. brate, operate, repair supportmatics, and physics provide a handling equipment; handle/ helpful background. stow missiles. Navy Operate and perform main- Require prolonged attention Electronics technician, test No. 11 tenance on electronic counter-and mental alertness. Physics,equipment technician, calibra- Electronics measures and electronic sup-a good background in mathe- tion, technician, electrician. Warfare port measures, and associatedmatics and courses inradio Technician supporting equipment; evalu- andelectricityarehelpful. ate, process and apply inter-Experience in radio repair or cept signaldata,electronics ham radio is valuable. intelligence reports, and elec- tronic warfare tactics and doc- trine to operational needs.

Navy & Maintains all electronic Possessaptitudeforfine, Electronics technician, radar Coast Guard equipment used for communi- detailed,mechanical w o r k.repairman,instrument me- No. 12 cations, detection ranging, re-School courses in radio, elec-chanic, radio repairman, elec- Electronics cognition,andcounter-mea-tricity, physics, algebra, trig-tronics mechanic. Technician sures. onometry, andshop areof great value. Coast Guard Installoperate,maintain, Possess special aptitude for Electrician, electrical equip- No. 13 and repair all telephone, tele-work of an electrical and me-mentinspector,andmany Telephone graph,andteletypeequip- chanical nature, and forthe which are in the civilian field Technician ment; switchboards, public ad-use of numbers inpractical of telephonic communications. dress systems and inter-office problems.Previouselectrical communications systems. experience is invaluable. Navy Maintain, repair mechanical Have sufficient dexterity to Watchmaker, ins t r urn e of No. 14 instruments such as meters,do fine, detailed work. Schoolmaker, typewriter serviceman, Instrumentman gauges, officemachines, coursesinblueprint reading office machines mechanic, lay- watches and clocks. and practical experience in re-out man. pairing typewriters or other office machines are valuable.

48 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Navy Maintainsequipmentsuch Be capable of close, exact, Lens grinder, jewelry stone No. 13 as binoculars, sextants, optical and painstaking workmanship. cutter, tool inspector, instru- Opticalman gunsights, turret and subma- School courses in physics, shop ment maker, inspector, optical rine periscopes. mathematics,a n dmachine instructor. shop are helpful, as is experi- enceinopticalorcamera manufacturing.

Navy & Op e r a t ecommunication, Radiomen should have good Telegrapher, radio mechanic, Coast Guard transmission,reception,and hearing and manual dexterity.radiodispatcher,radiotele- No. 16 terminal equipment; transmit, School training of a technicalphone operator,news copy- Radioman receive and process all formsnatureincludingcoursesin man, radio operator. of military record and voicemathematics, physic s, and communications. electricity is desirable. Expe- rience as an amateur radio op- erator is helpful.

Navy Performspecializedduties Must be suited for detailed Facsimile operator, commu- No. 17 incommunicationsresearch clerical work. School coursesnication specialist, radar op- Communications a n dengineering,including intyping,officemachines, erator, radio operator, teletype Technician analysis andoperationof English, library work, physics, operator. communications systems andand electricity are helpful in equipment now in use. providing an adequate back- ground.

Navy & Perform clerical and secre- Same qualifications required Office manager, secretary, Coast Guard tarial duties involving typing,of secretaries and typists ingeneral office clerk, adminis- No. 18 filing, operating office and du- privateindustry are needed.trative assistant. Yeoman plicating equipment, preparingSchool courses in English and androutingcorrespondence businesssubjects,suchas and reports, maintain recordsstenography and typewriting and official publications. are helpful.

Navy Recommend school and work Deal successfully with peo- Employment manager, per- No. 19 assignments in the Navy onple. Desirable school courses sonnelclerk,vocationalad- Personnelman the basis of information ob- are.: typewriting, public speak-visor, clerk typist, job analyst, tained from interviews, tests; ing, and office practice.Ex- organizational analyst. analyze, evaluate, and classify perience in personnel work and Navy jobs. counseling is helpful.

Navy Operated a t aprocessing Must possess a high degree Data typist, key punch op- No. 20 equipmentincludedsorters, ofclericalaptitude.School erator, systems analyst, veri- Data Processing collators, reproducers, and tab- coursesin typing, bookkeep-fier operator, tabulating ma- Technician ulating printers. ing and operating business ma-chine operator. chines are desirable as is ex- perience in mechanical work.

Navy & Order, receive, store, inven- School courses in typewrit- Sales clerk, shipping clerk, Coast Guard tory, and issue clothing, food-ing, bookkeeping, accounting, warehouseman, buyer, invoice No. 21 stuffs, mechanical equipment commercialarithmetic,gen- controlc l e r k ,purchasing Storekeeper and other items. Coast Guard eral business studies, and Eng- agent. storekeepers also perform the lish are helpful. dutiesofNavydisbursing clerks.

Navy Open, maintain, close mili- Schoolcoursesintyping, Paymaster, cashier, statisti- No. 22 tary pay records; prepare pay-bookkeeping; accounting, busi- calclerk,auditclerk, book- Disbursing Clerk rolls; prepare reports and re- nessarithmetic,andoffice keeper, bookkeeping machine turns on public monies. practice are desirable. operator, cost accountant.

Navy Serve as cooks, bakers, pre- Should have an interest in Cook, pastry chef, steward, No. 23 paremenus,keepcostac- food preparation. They mustpie maker, butcher, chef, bak- (Coast Guard hascounts, assist in ordering pro- have high standards of hon- er. combined Commis-visions, inspect foodstuffs. esty and personal cleanliness. sary and Steward Experience or school courses in (64)ratingsas food preparation, dietetics, and Subsistence Spe- record keeping are helpful. cialist with duties and qualifications a combination of the two.)

49 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Navy Operate and manage ship's Vocationalorhighschool Barber,laundryman, dry No. 24 storeactivitiesafloatand courses in shoe repairing, bar-cleaner, retail store manager, Ship'sServiceman ashore, including barber, cob-bering, tailoring, merchandis- salesclerk,tailor, and shoe bler, tailor, laundry, dry clean- ing and salesmanship, account-repairman. ing, soda fountains, commis-ing, bookkeeping, b u sin e s s saries, retail stores. arithmetic, and business Eng- lish are helpful. Navy News reporting,copyread- Have a high degree of cler- News e di t o r, copyreader, No. 25 ing, editing, and related jobs ical aptitude. School courses inscriptwriter,reporter,free (Coast Guard hasto publish information aboutEnglish, journalism, and typ-lance writer, rewrite man, art combined Journal- servicepeople and activitiesing are advantageous. Previ- layout man. ista n dPhoto- through such media as news-ous writing experience, such grapher's Matepapers, magazines, radio, andas working on a school news- (60) ratingsas television. paper, is helpful. Photo-Journalist withdutiesand qualifications a combination of the two.) Navy Operate Navy post offices, School courses in bookkeep- Parcel Post clerk, mail clerk, No. 26 process incoming and outgoing ing, accounting, business arith-mail room manager, foreman, Postal Clerk mail, sell stamps and moneymetic, and typing would hestork clerk, cashier. orders,maintainmaildirec- helpful. tories, and handle correspond- ence concerning postal opera- tions.

Navy Perform offset lithography Work with machinery and Lithographic pressman, plat- No. 27 and letterpressprinting,in- chemicals.School coursesin en pr e s s m a n,bookbinder, Lithographers cludingcop ypreparation, printing,physics,chemistry, printer,photoengraver, cam- camera work, assembling and English, and shop mathematics eraman,andphotolithogra- stripping, platemaking, type-arevaluableinthiscareer pher. setting, presswork, and bind- field. ing. Navy Design, sketch, layout and Previous experience as Structural draftsman, tech- No. 28 lettersigns,posters,charts,draftsmen, tracers, or in sur- nicalillustrator,specification Illustrator graphics, training aids; oper-veying isvaluable. S eh o o 1writer,electricaldraftsman, Draftsman ate equipment used in visual coursesinart,mechanical geodeticcomputer,graphic presentation; make mathema-drawing, and blueprint read-artist. tical computations for layouting are invaluable. and design illustrations. Navy & Provide music for military Exhibit proficiency on Musicteacher,instrument Coast Guard ceremonies, religious services, standard handororchestralmusician, orchestraleader. No. 29 concerts, parades, various rec- instruments.Threeorfourmusic arranger, instrument re- Musician reationalactivities;performyears of instrumental music inpairman, music librarian, ar- on one or more musicalin- high school ordinarily are suf-ranger. struments. ficient to qualify talented per- sonnel. Navy & .naintain,repair Possess aptitude for work of Boilerhouserepairman, en- Coast. Guard ships propulsion,auxiliary amechanical nature.School gine maintenance man, ma- No. 30 equipment and outside equip- courses inpracticalor shopchinist, marine engineer, tur- Machinist's Mate ment such as steering engine, mathematics,machineshop, bine operator, engine repair- refrigeration/air conditioning,electricity,andphysicsare man. laundry equipment. valuable to those entering this career field. Navy & Operate, maintain, repair in- Schoolcourser inalgebra, Diesel engine operator, die- Coast Guard ternal combustion engines, geometry, and physics wouldsel mechanic, ignition repair- No. 31 mainpropulsionmachinery, be helpful. Experience in auto-man, small engine mechanic, Engineman refrigeration, assigned auxilia- motive repair is invaluable. marine oiler, stationary engi- ry equipment. neer. Navy Maintainassignedequip- Possess a high degree of ap- Engine lathe operator, ma- No. 32 ment to support other shipstitude for work of a mechani-chinist, tool clerk, bench ma- Machinery requiring use of milling ma-cal nature. School courses orchinist, turret lathe operator, Repairman chines, boring mills, other ma- experience in practical or shopmilling machine operator, and chine tools found in machinemathematics,machineshop, tool maker. shop. electricity,mechanical draw- ing, and foundry are desirable.

50 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Navy & Operateboilersandfire- Must show strong interest Marine fireman, boiler shop Coast Guard r o om machinery;transfer, in mechanical work. Training mechanic, boiler maker,. sta- No. 33 test, and take inventories ofin school shop courses and intionary engineer, boiler oper- Boiler Technician fuel and water; maintain boil-practical mathematicsisde- ator, heating plant operator. ers,pumps,associated ma- sirable. chinery.

Navy & Maintain power and lighting Possess aptitude for electri- Electrician,electricmotor Coast Guard equipment, generators, motors, cal andmechanicalwork. repairman,electrical equip - No. 34 powerdistributionsystems, Schoolcoursesin electrical m e n trepairman,armature Electrician's Mate other electrical equipment; re- shop, practical andshcp winder, radio/TV repairman. build electrical equipment. mathematics, and physics are helpful.

Navy Maintain, operate all interi- Possess a high aptitude for Power house engineer, ship No. 35 or communications systems in- electricalwork.Coursesin electrician,stationinstaller, Interior cluding gyrocompass systems, electrical shop, practical andinstrumentman,electronics Communications voice interior communications, shop mathematics, experience technician. Electrician alarms, ships controi, plotting, in electrical work is desirable. automatedpropulsionequip.. went.

Navy Fabricate, install, repair all Have high mechanical apti- Fireman, welder,plumbtr, No. 36 types of shipboard structures,tude. School courses in sheet shipfitter, blacksmith. Hull Maintenance plumbing, and piping systems; metal,foundry,pipefitting, Technician qualifyintechniques, skills, carpentry, mathematicst geom- and useof damage control, etry and chemistry are valu-.. firefighting, and nuclear, bio- able. logical,chemicaland radio- logical defense equipment.

Navy Maintain, weld, repair ma- Strong interest in mechan- Marine fireman, boilermak- No. 37 rine boilers, heat exchangers,.ical work. Training in school er,boilershop.repaigman, Boilermaker condensors, associated equip-shop courses and in practicalboiler inspector, stationary en- ment. mathematics are desirable. gineer, marine oiler, welder.

Navy Provide administrative serv- Possess aptitude for detail Legal assistants, law clerk, No. 38 ices in the areas of militarycoupled with ability to express contract clerk, title examiner Legalman justice, claims, administrativeself both in writing and orally.and court reporter. law,andlegalassistance; Courses in typing, shorthand, serve as court reporters. English and logic are helpful.

Navy Make wood, plaster, metal Performexacting,precise No. 39 patterns,coreboxes, flaskswork. School courses in wood- Template maker, industrial Patternmaker used by molders in Navy foun- shop, f o u n d r y, mechanical arts teacher, layout man, pat- dries. drawing, and shop and practi- ternmaker, form builder. cal mathematics are very help- ful.

Navy Operatefoundriesaboard Completionofcoursesin Foundry foreman, furnace No. 40 ship and at shorestations;foundry, machineshop, prac-operator, melter, molder, core Molder make molds andcores,rigticai mathematicsis desirable. maker, heat treater, temperer. flasks, prepare heats and pour castings of ferrous, non-fer- rous, and alloy metals; sand- blast castings and pour bear- ings.

Navy Construction drafting plan- School coursesinalgebra, Surveyor,rodman,chain- No. 41 ning and estimating, qualitygeometry, trigonometry, me- man, map maker. Engineering control, make and control sur-chanical drawing, and drafting Aid veys, run and close traverses.are recommended. Experience inhighwayconstructionis valuable.

Navy Install,operate,maintain, Possess interest in mechani- Powerhouse electrician, elec- No. 42 repairelectricalgeneratingcal and electrical work. School trician,constructionelectri- Construction and distribution systems;coursesinelectricity,shop cian, electrical repairman, Electrician transformers, switchb oar d s,mathematics, and physics are telephone repairman. motors, controllers. helpful.

51 Career Fields Duties and Responxibilities Quolineations Examplem of Civilian Jolm Navy 0 p e r at e automotive and Possess averageor above Bulldozeroperator,motor No. 43 heavy construction equipment.average physical strength andgraderoperator,excavation Equipment normal color perception. foreman, power shovel oper- Operator School courses in auto or elec-ato, pile driver operator, etc. trical shop are helpful, as is experience in construction work. Navy Maintain, repair, and over- Have high degree of mechan- Automotive mechanics, die- No. 44 haulautomotiveandheavy ical aptitude. School courses in selenginemechanic, motor Construction construction equipment. electrica shop, machine shop,analyst,constructionequip- Mechanic shop mathematics, and physics ment mechanic. are helpful. Previous machinist or auto mechanic work is valu- able. Navy Construct, maintain, repair Possess high degree of me- Plasterer, roof er, mason, No. 45 wood, concrete, masonry struc- chanicalaptitude.School painter, construction worker. Builder tures; erect/repair waterfront courses in carpentry and shop structures. mathematicsare desirable. Experiencewithhandand power tools used in construc- tion is valuable. Navy Fabricate,erectpre-engi- Possessphysicalstrength, Rigger,shipfitter,struc- No. 46 neered structures; erect,dis- stamina, andtheabilityto tural steel worker, salvage en- Steelworker mantlesteelbridges;build work aloft. School courses ingineer, steel fabricator, rivet- tanks, other structures. sheetmetal,machineshop, er. foundry are desirable. Navy Install, maintain, repair Possess high degree of me- Stationary engineer, plumb- No. '47 plumbing,heatingsystems, chanicalaptitude,Schoolor er, pipe fitter, water plant op- Utilitiesman steam, compressedair,fuel apprentice training in plumb-erator, boiler operator, boiler storage collection and disposal ing and other related technical house foreman, pumpman. facilities. fields, mathematics, is helpful. Navy & Inspect,maintain power Aviation machinist's mates Airport serviceman, aircraft Coast Guard plants and related systems and must volunteer for flight uutyengine test mechanic, aircraft No. 48 equipment;prepareaircraft andpassrequiredphysicalengine mechanic, small appli- Aviation forflight;conductperiodic examinations.Schoolcourses ance repairman. Machinist's Mate aircraft inspections. in machine shop, automobile or aircraft engines, algebra, and geometry are helpful. Navy & Test, maintain, repair avia- Aviation electronics techni- Aircraftelectrician,radio Coast Guard tion electronics equipment it:. cians must possess a high de-mechanic, electrical repairman, No. 49 eluding navigation, identifica- gree of aptitude for electrical instrumentrepairman,elec- Aviation tion, detection, reconnaissance,and mechanical work. School tronics technician, TV repair- Electronics special purpose equipment op-courses in algebra, trigonom- man. Technician erate airborne C1C and elec-etry, physics, electricity, radio, tronic warfare equipment. and mechanics are helpful. Navy Load bombs, torpedoes, rock- Aviation ordnancemen must Gyroscope mechanic, instru- No. 50 ets, guided missiles; maintain,volunteer for aerial gunneryment man, ordnanceman, arm- Aviation repair, inspect aircraft arma-duty and pass required physi-ament inspector. Ordnanceman ment, aviation ordnance equip-cal examinations. School ment. coursesinalgebra,physics, and electricity are of value. Experience in electrical repair work is helpful. I Navy Maintain andinspectair- Must possess superior elec- Instrument man, andair- No. 51 craft weapons systems, includ- tronic, electrical, and mechan- planeelectrician,electronics Aviation ing weapon-control radar, com- ical aptitude. Previous train- technician. Fire Control puters, computer sights, gyro- ing in repair shops or voca- Technician scopes, related equipment; air tional schoo1s, and training in launched guided missile equip- mathematics are desirable. ment. Navy Control traffic from air con- Have high degree of accura- Controltoweroperator, No. 52 trol towers, radar air control cy, precision, self-reliance, andradio-telephoneopera tor, Air Controlman ashore and afloat; operate ra- calmness understress. A airplane dispatchclerk,sta- dio,radar. light signals;di- school course in public speak-tisticall clerk, and aircraft-log rect aircraft under VFR and ingorexeprienceinradio clerk. 1FR conditions; assist in pre- broadcasting would be helpful. paration of flight plans.

52 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Chinon Jobs Navy Handle aircraft on carriers; Should have 20/21) vision un- Machinery erector, crane op- No. 53 operate, maintain, repair avi-corrected and goodhearing. erator, airport serviceman, Aviation ation fueling, deluding, inertSchool courses in shop work,gasoline distributor. Boatswai-a's Mate gas systems;maintain cata-physics, and chemistry are de- pults,arrestinggear,barri-sirable. Experience in handling cades, associatedflight decksmall boats is helpful. launching, equipment.

Navy & Maintain, adjust, repair air- Should possess high aptitude Aircraft electrician, electri- Coast Guard craft electrical and instrumentforelectricalwork.School cian, radio and TV repairman. No. 54 systems including power gen- courses such as algebra, trig- Aviation erating,conversion,lighting, onometry, 'physics, and elec- Electrician's Mate electrical components of air-trical shop experience in air- craft controls. craft electrical work are help- ful.

Navy & Maintain,repairaircraft, Possess a high degree of me- Welder, sheet metal repair- Coast Guard airframestructuralcompon- chanical aptitude. Schoolman, hydraulics technician, air No. 55 ents, hydraulic controls, utili-courses in metal shop, wood-conditioning repairman. Aviation ty systems, egress system. working, algebra, plane geome- Structural try,physics;experiencein Mechanic automobilebodyworkare helpful.

Navy & Care and packing of para- Must perform extremely Parachute packer, parachute Coast Guard chutes; care of survival equip-carefulandaccuratework. repairman,parachutetester, No. 56 ment,flightandprotective School courses in general shop sailmaker. Aircrew clothing, life jackets; test andand sewing are desirable. Ex- Survival service pressure suits. perience in the use and repair Equipmentman of sewing machines is helpful.

Navy Collect, record analyze me- Schoolcoursesinalgebra Weather observer, meteoro- No. 57 teorological and oceanographic through trigonometry, physics,logical aide, chart maker, wea- Aerographer's data,enteronappropriatephysiography, typing, trainingther chart preparer. Mate charts;forecast from visualin meteorology and astronomy instrumental weather ob-are helpful. s-wvations.

Navy Operate,maintain,install, School courses in mathema- Electronicstechnician,in- No. 58 repair training aids and train-tics, physics, electricity, shopstructor; flying/pilots instruc- 'I'radevman ing devices: maintain audio/ work experience and instructortor; radio mechanic. visual training aids. experience are desirable.

Navy Receive, store, issue aviation School courses in bookkeep- Clerk-typist, inventory clerk, No. 59 supplies, spare parts, technicalmetic, typing, and office prac-material clerk, sales clerk, re- Aviation aviation items; conduct inven- ing, accounting, business arith-ceiving-shipping clerk. Storekeeper tories. tices are desirable.

Navy Operate, maintain, and re- Should have normal color Photographer,camerare- No. 60 pairthevarioustypesof perception; school courses inpairman, aerial photographer. Photographer's cameras for ground and aerialphysics and chemistry are de- Mate photographic work. sirable. (See No. 25 for Coast Guard)

Navy Maintain and utilize intelli- Requireskillinprocess- Photography,pictureana- No. 61 gence files, prepare maps, gra- ing, assimilating, interpretinglyst, chart maker, navigation Photographic phics, mosaics. charts; extraaand presenting data.School instructor. Intelligenceman intelligence from aerial pho- courses in typing, filing, draft- tos;prepareintelligencere- ing, mathematics, geography, ports. and photography are valuable.

Navy & Administer medicines, apply High school graduates are Practicalnurse, medical Coast Guard first aid, assist in operatingdesired. School courses in hy- technician,x-ray lab techni- No. 62 room, nurse sick and injured giene, biology, first aid, physi-clan, nurseadministrative. Hospital Corpsman ology, chemistry, typing, and public speaking are helpful.

53 Career Fields Dulles and Responsibilities Qualifications Example's of Civilian Jobs Navy & Assistdentalofficersin Must have completed at least Dental technician, dental hy- Coast Guard treatment of patients, performtwo years of high school. Theygienist, X-ray technician, den- No. 63 preventiveprocedures;per- areinterviewedforinteresttist's assistant, dental labora- Dental Technician form various dentaldepart- and aptitude prior to assign-tory technician. ment administrative duties. ment. Schoolcourses inhy- giene, physiology, and chemis- try are helpful.

Navy Operate and manage offi- Possess high standards of Cook,steward,maitrede No. 64 cers' messes; prepare menus;honesty and personal cleanli-hotel, caterer, chef, mess at- Steward assist in ordering provisions; ness. School courses in arith- tendant. (See No. 23 for are responsible for the storage metic and home economics are Coast Guard) of food products. desirable. Previous experience in cooking or baking is help_ -, ful.

Navy Maintainelectronicdigital Must possess high degree of Electrical or electronic re- No. 65 data systems and equipment; aptitude for detailed mechani-pairman, computer repairman, Data Systems inspect, test calibrate, and re-cal work. School courses in ra-electronic technician, data sys- Technician paircomputers,tapeunits, dio,electricity,physics, and tems technician. digital display equipment,mathematics through calculus data link terminal sets and re- are helpful. lated equipment.

Navy Inspect and maintainair- School courses inalgebra, Aircraft electrician, aircraft No. 66 craftantisubmarinewarfare geometry, trigonometry, phys-electrical and radio repairman, Aviation systems; including underwaterics, electricity, radio, and me- electronics technician. Antisubmarine detection,integrateddisplay, chanics are helpful. Warfare associated antisubmarine war- Technician fare equipment; test and main- tain test equipment.

Navy Performmanagement and Be capable of accurate and Shipping clerk, parts clerk, No. 67 clerical duties required in air-detailed work and have an in-supply room clerk, mainten- Aviation craft maintenance offices. This terest in the aviation mainte-ance clerk, office manager. Maintenance includes planning and schedul- nance field. School courses in Administra- ing the maintenance workload,filing and typing are desirable. tionman preparing requiredreports and correspondence, and ana- lyzing trends of aircraft sys- tem and component failures.

Navy Service,test and perform Must have a high degree of Dieselorgasolineengine No. 68 intermediate level maintenance mechanicalaptitude.School mechanic, air conditioning me- Aviation andrepairofgasoline andcourses in mathematics, phys-chanic, ignition mechanic hy- Support dieselengines,gasturbine icselectricity,andmachine draulics repairman. Equipment compressor units, power gen-shop are helpful. Previous ex- Technician erating equipment, liquid andperience as auto mechanic or gaseous oxygen and nitrogen machinist would be of value. servicing equipment, automo- tive electrical systems and air conditioning systems.

No. 69 Make visual and instrument- Must have the ability to use Oceanographic techni c i a n, Coast Guard al weather and oceanographicnumbers in practical problems. weather observer, meteorolo- Marine Science observations; conduct routine School courses in algebragist, chart maker, statistical Technician chemical analysis; enter datathrough trigonometry, physics, clerk and inspector of weather on appropriate logs,charts, physiography, chemistry anda n doceanographic instru- and forms; and analyze andtyping are helpful, as is train- ments. interpret weather and sea con-ing in meteorology astronomy ditions to furnish advice for and oceanography. military and civil use concern- ing probable changes and their effect on operations.

54 U. S. Air Force

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications livainples of Civilian Jobs Air Force Intelligencepersonnelcol- Intelligence personnel should Cryptoanalyst, draftsman, No. I lect, produce, and disseminatehave knowledge of the tech-interpreter, investigator, stat- Intelligence datawhichhasstrategic, niques of evaluation, analysis, istician,radio operator, and (W) tactical,ortechnicalvalue interpretation, and reporting.translator. from an intelligence viewpoint. Schooi courses in foreign This includes security of in-languages, Englishcomposi- formation. tion, photography, and mathe- matics are desirable. Air Force Photomapping personnel pro- Photomapping personnel Map draftsman, topographi- No. 2 cure, compile, compute, andshould have the ability to usecal draftsman, mapmaker, car- Photomapping use topographic, photogram-the precision instruments re-tographer, compass man, and (W) metric, and cartographic dataquired in measuring and draft- advertising layout man. in preparing aeronautical ing.School courses in mathe- charts, topographic maps and matics, drafting, and physics target folders. are desirable. Air Force Weather personnelcollect, Weather personnel are re- Meteorologist, weather fore- No. 3 record, and analyze meteoro-quired to have visual acuitycaster, and weather observer. Weather logical data; make visual and correctiveto20/20. School (W) instrument weather observa-courses in physics, mathema- tions.They make forecasts tics, and geography are desir- of immediate and long-range able. weather conditions. Air Force Personnel in this field oper- Personnel in this field should Aircraft log clerk, airport No. 4 atecontroltowers,directhave adequate dexterity, clearcontrol operator and air traf- Aerospace aircraft landings with radarvoice and speech ability, and fic controller. Control Systems landingcontrolequipment; excellent vision. School courses Operations operate ground radar equip- in English are desirable. (W) ment, aircraft control centers, and airborne radar equipment. Air Force Communicationsoperations Communicationsoperations Central office operator (tele- No. 5 personnel operateradio and personnelshouldhavecon- phone and telegraph), crypto- Communications wire communicationequip- siderablemanualdexterity,grapher, radio operator, tele- Operations ment including telephoneand normal hearing and eye-phone supervisor, and photo- (W) switchboards; teletypewriters;sight. School courses in office radio operator. ground intercept and airbornemachine operations and Eng- radio equipment; and balloon lish are desirable. launching gear. Air Force Personnel inthis fieldin- Personnel in the radio and Communications engineer, No. 6 stall, maintain, repair,over- radar systems fieldare re-electronics engineer, radio me- Communications- haul, and modify ground radioquired to have manual dexteri- chanic, radio repairman, radar Electronics and electronic communicationty in the use of small tools equipment foreman, and radio Systems equipment, early warning andand parts.School courses in electrician. (W) radar equipment, ground elec-mathematics and physics are tronic warfare equipment, and desirable. space command andcontrol equipment. Air Force Personnel in this fieldin- Personnel in this field must Training and experience re- No. 7 stall, maintain, checkout, re- haveconsiderableelectronic ceived in the missile electronic Missile pair, and modify missile elec-aptitude and manual dexterity. maintenance field provide per- Electronic tronicsystemsandrelated School courses in physics, and sonnel with knowledge for cer- Maintenance equipment. They also operate mathematics are desirable. tain civilian occupations, de- (W) and maintain director aircraft pending upon the degree of and drones. proficiency achieved by indi- viduals while in service.

55 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Example. of Civilian Jobs Air Force Personnel inthisfieldin- Personnel in this field are Radar maintenance, televi- No. 8 stall, maintain, and repair air-required to have considerablesion maintenance, and preci- Avionics borne bomb navigation,fire electronic aptitude manual sion instrument maintenance. Systems control, weapon control, auto-dexterity and normal vision, (W) matic flight control systems,including color vision. School radioand navigationequip- courses in mathematics, and ment,electronic war f are physics, are desirable. equipment, and maintain asso- ciated test equipment.

Air Force Training devicespersonnel Training devices personnel Link trainer instructor, ra- No. 9 install,operate,repair,andare required to have a know- dio mechanic. Training Devices modify instrument, navigation,ledgeofelectricity,mathe- (W) bombing, and gunnery trainers matics, and blueprint reading. and flight simulators.They School courses in mathematics, work with small tools and pre-and physics, are desirable. cision test equipment.

Air Force Personnelinthisfield re. Personnel in the wire main- Cable splicer, central office No. 10 pair telephones, teletypewrit-tenance field must have con-repairman, telephoneinspec- Wire ers,telautographs,crypto-siderable dexterity and manip-tor,teletype repairman, and Communications graphic devices, and telephone ulative ability. School courses manual Equipment repair (cen- Systems switchboards and install and in shop mathematics and phys- tral office). Maintenance maintain telephone and tele-ics are desirable. (W) graph land systems, and antenna and antenna support systems. Air Force Personnel in this field over- Personnel in this field must Camera repairman, statisti- co. 11 haul and modify photographichave considerable mechanicalcal machine serviceman, and Intricate and medical equipment. Theyability and manual dexterity. medical equipment serviceman. Equipment work with fine precision tools Schoolcoursesinalgebra, Maintenance and testing devices, and fromphysics, and shop work are (W) blueprints and schematic desirable. drawings.

Air Force Personnel in this field main- Personnel in this field should Airplane mechanic, carbure- No. 12 tainpropellers,pneudraulicpossess considerable electrical tor man, airplane electrician, Aircraft systems,electricalsystems,and mechanical aptitude.hydraulic tester, oxygen sys- Accessory fuel systems, and other acces-School courses in mathematics tem tester, and final assembly Maintenance sorysystemsnormallyin- and shopwork are helpful. plumber. (W) stalledinairborneweapons systems. Air Force Personnel in this field per- Personnel in this field must Aircraft mechanic, plane in- No. 13 form the mechanical functionshave considerable mechanical spector, engineman, and engine Aircraft of aircraft engine installation,or electrical aptitude and man- tester. Maintenance removal, maintenance, and re-ual dexterity. School courses (W) pair;andthemaintenance,in shop mathematics, physics repair,andmodificationof and machine shop are desir- helicopters, turbo-prop recipro- able. cating engine, and jet aircraft. Air Force Personnel operate aerial and Audio-visual personnel are Cameraman, darkroom man, No. 14 ground cameras, motion pic-required to have considerablefilm editor, aerial photograph- Audio-Visual ture and other photographicdexterity in the operation ofer, commercial photographer, (W) equipment; process photo- small precision equipment, plusphotographfinisher,sound graphs and film, edit motion excellent eyesight. School mixer,andmotionpicture pictures, perform photographic courses in mathematics, phys-operator. instrumentation functions, andics, and chemistry are desir- operateairborne,field,and able. precisionprocessinglabora- tories.

Air Force Personnel in this field con- Personnel in this field must Safety inspector and safety No. 15 duct safety programs, surveyhave knowledge of industrial instructor. Safety areas and activities to elimi- hygiene, safety education, (W) nate hazards, analyze accidentsafety psychology, and blue- causes and trends. printinterpretation. School courses in typing, English, and public speaking are desirable.

56 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Air Force Personnel in this field main- Personnel in this field are Aircraft armament mechan- No. 16 tain and repair aircraft arma-required to have considerable ic,armorer, ammunitionin- Munitions and ment. They assemble, maintain,mechanical or electricalapti-spector, munitions handler Weapons load and unload, and store mu- tude, manual dexterity, normalforeman, powderman, and py- Maintenance nitions and nuclear weapons.color vision and depth percep- rotechnic mixer. (W) Also they dispose of bombs, tion. School courses in mathe- missiles and sockets, and oper- matics and mechanics are de- ate detection instruments. sirable. Air Force Personnel in this field over- Personnel in this field will Automobileaccessoriesin- No. 17 haulandmaintainpowered profit from school courses installer, automobile repairman, Motor ground vehicles and mechani- machineshopmathematics,bus mechanic, carburetor man, Vehicle cal equipment of various types as well as from training in theautomotive electrician,and Maintenance which are used by the Air use of tools and blueprints. truck mechanic. (W) Force for transporting person- nel,supplies,andfor such work as airfield construction. Air Force Personnel inthis field de- School courses in metal shop Machinist,plater,aircraft No. 18 signandproduceprecision and advanced shop mathemat-sheet metal worker, toolmaker, Metalworking tools,parts, and assemblies; ics will prove valuable to per-acetylene welder, and welding (W) operate metalworking ma- sons entering this career field. specialist. chinessuchaslathesand grinders; and fabricate and in- stall sheet metal parts. Per- forms non-destructive testing with equipment such as X-ray and magna-flux. Air Force Personnel in this field con- Personnel in this field will Plumber, bricklayer, carpen- No. 19 struct and maintain structuralprofit from school courses in ter, stonemason, and painter Structural/ facilities and pavement areas,blueprint reading, mechanical and construction worker. Pavements maintain pavements, rail-drawing, mathematics, phys- (W) roads, and soil bases, performics, and chemistry. erosion control, operate heavy equipment, and perform site development,generalmain- tenance, cost andrealpro- pertyaccounting, and work control functions. Air Force Personnelinthisfield Schoolcoursesinbasic Purification plant operator, No. 20 operate and maintain waterphysics,biology,chemistry,sanitary inspector, termite Sanitation and waste processing plants andblueprintreadingwill treater, vermin exterminator, systems, and equipment, and prove valuable. and entomologist. perform pest and rodent con- trol functions. Air Force Fireprotectionpersonnel Fireprotectionpersonnel Fire chief, fire extinguisher No. 21 operatefirefightingequip- arerequiredtobeintop serviceman, fireman, fire mar- Fire ment, prevent and extinguish physicalcondition,withan shal,andfiredepartment Protection aircraft and structural fires, absence of allergies to oil and equipmentinan. (W) rescue and render firstaid. fireextinguishingsolutions. and maintain firefighting and Courses in general science and fire prevention equipment. chemistry are desirable. Air Force Personnelinthisfieldin- Personnel in this field must Airplane coverer, fabric No. 22 spectparachutefabrics and possessagreat amount ofworker, parachuteinspector, Fabric, Leather, metal parts;pack andtestmanual ilex terit y.School tire rebuilder, upholsterer, and And Rubber parachutes; fabricate and re-courses in shop drawing, andparachute repairman. (W) pair fabric and leather arti- layoutarodesirable,asis cles;repairclothing,inner training in the use of vulcan- tubes, and life rafts; and re-izing equipment and powered treadtires. sewing machines. Air Force Personnel in this field oper- Personnel in this field must Able seaman, ship electri- No. 23 ate and maintain crash boats have a knowledge of sea navi- cian,chief marine engineer, Marine and utility boats which are gation,boatoperationand and master (water transporta- (W) used by the Air Force to pro- maintenance.School courses tion). vide rapid rescue of personnelin mathematics are desirable. forced down over water. Air Force Personnel in this field have Personnel in this field will Cargo handler, motorve- No. 24 the responsibility of insuringprofit from school courses inhicle, dispatcher, shipping Transportation maximum service,efficiency,driver training, the operation clerk, traffic rate clerk, trailer (W) and economy of transportationof office machines, and busi- truck driver, and ticket agent. of supplies and personnel by ness arithmetic. aircraft, train, motor vehicle, and ship.

57 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examplem 01 Civilian Jobs

Air Force Personnel in this field, Personnel in the food serv- Beefcutter,bench hand, No. 25 among other things, prepare ice field must possess manual butcher(fish),chef, pastry Food Service and bake bread and pastry dexterity. School coursesin cook, meat cutter, ovenman, (W) products;prepare andcook chemistry, hygiene, and busi- pastry chef, pie maker, and food for serving. ness mathematics aredesir- roundsman. able. Air 'Force Personnel in this field are Personnel in this field will Junior accountant, machine No, 26 responsibleforthedesign, profit from school courses in records section supervisor, re- Supply development, analysis, and accounting and business ad= ceiving clerk, shipping clerk, (W) operation of supply systemsministration. and stock clerk. includingsupplydatasys- tems;requirementsdetermi- nation and computation, oper- ation and management of ma- terial facilities; equipment re- view and validation;records maintenance,inventory and distributioncontrol;budget computation; financial plans; and inspection and identifica- tion. Air Force Personnelinthis field are Personnel in this field must Billing clerk, checker, gen- No, 27 responsibleforthe procure- possessconsiderableclerical eral .clerk, expediter,field Procurement mentofmaterial suchas aptitude. School courses in clerk, purchasing agent, ship- (W) planes, parts, and equipmentbusiness arithmetic, bookkeep- ping clerk, and procurement andsupplies. This involves ing and accounting are desir- clerk. preparation of contracts, and able. specifications and advertising for bids. Air Force Personnel in this field pre- Personnel inthis field are Cost accountant, public ac- No. 28 pare the documents required required to have some dexteri- countant, auditor, bookkeeper, Accounting and to account for and disburse ty in the operation of business budget clerk, and paymaster. Finance and AirForcefunds,including machines. School coursesin Auditing budgeting, allocation, disburs- typing,mathematics,statis- (W) ing, accounting, auditing, and tics, and accounting are de- the preparation of cost analy- sirable. sis records. Air Force Personnel in this field col- Personnel in .this field must Key punch operator, statis- No. 29 lect, process, record, prepare have some manual dexterity ticalclerk, statisticaltechni- Computer Systems and submit data for various inthe use of business ma-cian, statistician, sorting ma- (W) automated systems, as well as chines. Schoolcourses in chine operator, machine rec- analyze design, program and mathematics, accounting, Eng- ords unit supervisor, and tabu- operate computer systems, lish, and in the operation oflating machine operator, sys- automated data products and businessofficemachinesis tems analyst, programer and data elements. desirable. digital computer operator. Air Force Administrativepersonnel Personnel in this field must Chief clerk,generalclerk, No. 30 preparecorrespondence,sta- have considerable manual dex- law clerk, office manager, post Administrative tisticalsummaries, andar- terity.School courses in busi- office clerk, secretary, stenog- (W) range priority and distribution ness arithmetic, business law, rapher, and stenotype opera- systems. They maintain files,business English, filing, and tor. prepareand consolidatere- shorthand are desirable, as is ports, and arrange for graphic traininginoffice machine presentations. operations. Air Force Personnel in this field oper- Printing personnel must pos- Compositor, darkroom man, No. 31 ate and maintain many types sessconsiderablemechanical linotype operator, lithographic Printing of reproduction equipment ability and dexterity. School pressman, photoengraver, pho- (W) used in the graphic arts. They coursesinspelling, journal-tograph printer, photolithogra- performhandandmachine ism and grammer are desir- pher, and photostat operator. composition, and hindi»g oper-able asistrainingin shop ations. mechanics.

Air Force Information personnelcol- Information personnel must Continuity writer, copyread- No. 32 lect,evaluate,prepare,and possessconsiderableskillin er, newspaper managing edi- information disseminate news If Air Force interviewing personnel. School tor, news editor, news analyst, (W) activities to newspapers, maga- courses in grammar, news re- newsspecialist,publicrela- zines,radio,andtelevision porting,composition,proof- tionsman,historian,radio stations. They also perform reading, newswriting, and edit- news copyn3an,and script historical research and writ- ing are desirable. writer. , ing.

58 Career Fields 1)utle4 and Responsibilities Qualifications Evantples of Civilian Jobs Air Force Interview, classify, select ca- Personnel in this field Clerical technician, employ- No. 33 reer jobsfor airmen on the should have completedhigh mentinterviewer,industrial Personnel basis of qualifications and re- schoolcourses in Englishresearch worker, job analyst, (W) quirements of the Air Force; composition, speech, social sci- personnel manager, personnel administer aptitude, perform-ences and should be familiarcounselor, safety man, and sta- ance tests; administer person-with civilian occupations. Op-tistical research assistant. nel quality control programs:eration of simple data process- performcounselling,educa- ing equipment and typing abil- tional and administrative func-ity are desirable attributes. tions in support of Social Ac- tions programs. Air Force SpecialServicespersonnel Specialservicespersonnel Athletic director, playground No. 34 conduct physical conditioning,should possess good musculardirector,physicalinstructor, Special act as coach for various sports coordination.School coursesand manager of a recreational Servirmg programs, administers recre-in English, business arithmetic establishment. (W) ation,entertainment,sports and physical education are de- andclubactivities.Act as sirable. coaches and referee games. Air Farce Personnel in this field con- Personnel in this field are Militaryinstructor, com- No. 33 duct formal classes of instruc-required to have considerablemercial teacher, college teach- Education and tion, use training aids, develop instructoraptitude. School er, high school or vocational Training materialfor various courses coursesinEnglish composi-school teacher, tutor, and first (W) of instruction, andteach tion and speech are desirable. aid teacher. classesingeneralacademic subjects and fundamental military matters. Air Force Personnel in this field play School courses in the rudi- Musicalspecialist,instru- No. 36 musical instruments in concertments ofmusic,elementary mentalmusician,orchestra Band bands and orchestras, repair theory of music, and orchestra-leader, and orchestrator. (W) and maintain instruments, singtion are desirable. in glee clubs, perform as drum majors, arrange music, and maintain music libraries. Air Force Personnelprovidesecurity Personnel in the security po- Guard, penitentiaryguard, No. 37 for classified information and lice field must be in good phy- police inspector, police officer, Security Police material, enforce law and or-sical condition and have goodwatchman, and superintendent (W) der, control traffic, and pro- visionandhearing. School of police. tect lives and property. Theycoursesincivicsandthe alsoare organizedaslocal social sciences are desirable. ground defense forces. Air Force Personnel inthisfieldin- Personnel in this field must Detective,chiefofdetec- No. 38 vestigateviolationsofthe have a knowledge of law en-tives, detective sergeant, and Special UniformCodeofMilitaryforcement and security regu- investigator. Investigations Justice and applicable Federallations, be physically fit, and and Counter statutes. They investigate con-have good hearing and vision. Intelligence ditions pertaining to sabotage,School courses incivics and (W) espionage,. treason,sedition, the social sciences are desir- and security. able. Air Force Personnel in this field help Personnel in this field must Laboratory technician, X-ray No. 39 providemedical,veterinary,have a knowledge of first aidtechnician, orthopedic techni- Medical and administrative services re-and possess the ability to as-cian, pharmacist, physical (W) quired in a medical facility. sist professional medical per-therapist, and surgical orderly. sonnel.School courses in an- atomy,andchemistryare desirable. Air Force Personnel in this field per- Excellent physical qualifica- No civilian job covers the No. 40 form pararescue and land res-tions are required, and know-scope of the jobs in this ca- Aircrew cue operations in arctic, tropi-ledge of pioneering and woods- reer field, but a related job Protection cal, desert, and water areas,man activities is very helpful. is that of a hunting or fishing (W) providing medical care, camp guide. erection, instruction in the use of survival techniques and pro- tective equipment. Air Force Personnel inthis field are Jobs in the dental field call Dental hygienist. No. 41 involved in the operation of forknowedgeoforaland Dental dental facilities and assist indentalanatomy. School (W) dental care of personnel.In- courses in anatomy, biology, cluded inthis field are theand chemistry are desirable. treatment of oral tissues and the restoration of teeth.

59 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Air Force Firstsergeantsassist Airmen in this career field No civilian job covers the No. 42 squadron commanders in man- must have a knowledge of per- scope of thedutiesinthis aging squadron activities and sonnel management and ad-career field. (W) exercisegeneralsupervision ministration; military training over assigned airmen person-and military subjects such as nel. Air Force organization, drill, ceremonies, customs, military justice, and counseling tech- niques. School courses in so- cial science, sociology and psy- chology are desirable.

Air Force Personnel in this field are Personnel in this field must Electrician,airplane me- No. 43 employedinmissileengine have considerable mechanical chanic, and hydraulic tester. Missile installation, maintenance, and aptitude and manual dexteri- Maintenance repair; and the maintenance, ty.School courses in mathe- repair,andmodificationof matics and machine shop are missile airframes,sub-sys- desirable. tems,andassociatedaero- space ground equipment. Air Force Personnel in this field are Personnel in this field will Elevator repairman, electri- No. 44 involvedintheinstallation, profit from school courses incian, lineman, powerhouse re- Mechanical/ operation, maintenance and re- physics,mathematics,blue- pairman, diesel mechanic, pipe- Electrical pair of air and missile baseprint reading, and electricity. fitter, steamfitter, and heating directsupportsystems and and ventilating man. equipment and missile weapon systems support facilities. Air Force Personnel in this field sup- Personnel in this field will Department manager, retail No. 45 ervise and operate sales stores,profit from school courses ingeneral merchandise manager, Supply laundry/dry cleaning facilities,chemistry,management, andmeat cutters, and butchers. Services commissaries,meatproces-marketing. (W) sing, andredistributionand marketing activities.

Air Force Personnel inthis fieldre- Personnel in this field will Petroleum industry foreman No. 46 ceive, store, dispense, test, and profit from school courses inand hulk plant manager, Fuels inspect missile propellants, pe- chemistry and arithmetic. troleum fuels and products.

Air Force Personnel in this field col- Completion of high school or Statistical clerk, accounting No. 47 lect, process, record, control,GED equivalent is mandatory clerk, and budget clerk. Management analyze, and interpreti special for personnel in this field. Analysis and recurring reports, statis- (W) tical data, and other informa- tion.

U. S. Marine Corps

Career Fields Indies IResponsibilities Qualifientions Examples of t'ivillan Jobs Marine Corps Marines inthisfieldper- Personneland administra- Secretary-typist,vocational No. 1 form duties as personnel clas-tion duties require reasoningadviser, employment inter- Personnel and sificationclerks, administra- and verbal ability, and clericalviewer-manager, office mana- Administration tivespecialistsandpostal aptitude.School coursesin ger,jobanalyst and postal .(W) clerks.Workisessentially Englishcomposition,typing,clerk. clerical. shorthand, and social studies would be helpful.

60 Career Fields Holies and lies! Ibi Mips goalltleations Examples of Civilian Jobs

Marine Corps Intelligencespecialists col- 11 igh schoolcourses in Investigator, research work- No. 2 lect, record, evaluate, and in- geography,history,govern- er, intelligence analyst (gov- Intelligence terpret all kinds of informa-ment, economics, English, ernment), map draftsman, car- (W) tion; make detailed study of foreign languages,typing, tographicaide,andrecords aerialphotographs,conductmechanical drafting, and analyst. interrogations in foreign lang-mathematics would be most uages, translate written ma- beneficial. terial and interpret conversa- tions. Marine Corps From basic infantryman, a Verbal and arithmetic rea- Firearms assembler, assist- No. 3 Marine advances as arifle-soning, good vision, and stami- ant gunsmith, policeman, im- Infantry man, machine gunner, or mor-na are needed.General math- migration inspector, and plant tar gunner to become an in-ematics, mechanical drafting, security policeman. fantry unit leader, who super-geography, and mechanics vises training and operationscourses would be helpful. of an infantry unit. Marine Corps Logistics specialists perform Logistics work requires Inventoryclerk,shipping No. 4 administrative duties involving numberfacility,verbaland clerk,piersuperintendent, Logistics the overall supply, quartering,reasoning ability, and clericalstock control clerk or super- (W) and transport of Marine units. aptitude.Mathematics, typ- visor,and warehouse mana- They also plan the movementing, office machine operation, ker. of supplies, troops, and equip- andbookkeepingwouldbe ment. helpful. Marine Corps Field artillerymen fire and arithmeticreasoning,me- Surveyor, geodetic comput- No. 8 maintainrocket andmissile chanical aptitude, good vision,er, nu teorologist, radio opera- Field Artillery batteries, heavy mortars, and andstaminaareimportant. tor,recordingengineer, and self-propelled155-mmguns, Knowledgeofmathematics,ordnance inspector. 8-inch and 105-mm howitzers. physics, mechanics, electricity, Specialtiesrange from hat -metcrology, and mathematics teryman to radar operator. would be useful. Marine Corps Installation, operation, and Mechanical aptitude and Electrician, plumber, steam No. 11 maintenance of electrical, manual dexterity are impor-fitter, refrigeration mechanic, Utilities water supply, heating, plumb- tant.Vocational school shop electric motor repairman, and ing, sewage, refrigeration, hy-courses in industrial arts andstationary engineer. giene equipment and air-condi- craftswouldbe beneficial tioning equipment and systemsfor young men entering the are utilities specialties. utilities field. Marine Corps Thisfieldinvolvesmetal- High school vocational Sheet metal worker, engi- No. 13 working, operation and main- coursesinautomotiveme- neering equipment mechanic, Construction, tenance of fuel storage areas,chanics, sheet metal working,carpenter, road machinery op- Equipment and operation and repair of heavymachine shop, carpentry, anderator, rigger, and construc- Shore Party engineering and pioneer equip- mechanical drafting would pro- tion superintendent. mentdiesel and gasoline dri-vide most useful background. ven and construction and re- pair of military structures and facilities. Marine Corps Specialistsmakearchitec- High school courses in Architectural or mechanical No. 14 turalandmechanical draw-mathematics, mechanicaldraftsmen, surveyor, cartogra- Drafting, ings, surveys for construction drawing and drafting, geor pher, geodetic computer, illus- Surveying and projects,preparemilitaryraphyandcommerci-'art trator, and commercial artist. Mapping maps, make topographic maps, would be preparation :er create or copy articles or il- training and work in the draft- lustrative materials. ing and surveying field. Marine Corps Thisfieldincludesletter- Attentiveness to detail and Printingcompositor,lino- No. 15 press and lithographic offsetsome mechanical aptitude are type operator, photolithogra- Lithography printing and reproduction. required of printers.School pher,pressman, printing (W) Specialistsset type, operatecourses in generalmathe- bookbinder, and printing plant linotype machines,presses, matics,printing,andother makeup man, proofreader, processcameras, and hook-graphic arts would be most foreman. binding equipment. useful. Marine Corps Crewmen serve as drivers, Tankmen needmechanical Automotive mechanic, bull- No. 18 gunners, and loaders in tanks,ability, good vision, and stami- dozer operator or repairman, Tank and Am- armored amphibians, and am- na. Vocationalhighschool caterpillarrepairman, arma- phibian Tractor phibious tractors; advance to coursesinautomotive me- ment machinist-mechanic, and tank or amphibian command-chanics, machine shop,elec- gunsmith assistant. ers. tricity, and mechanical draw- ing would be useful.

61 Career Fields Duties and Responolhilitleo Qualifications Example'. of Civilian Joi. Marine Corps Armamentrepairmen in- Preparation for work in this Armament mechanic-ma- No. 21 spect, maintain, and repair: in-field should include studying chinist, gunsmith,time-re- Armament Repair fantry, artillery, and antiair-such high school courses ascordingequipment service- (W) craft weapons; fire control op- mathematics, physics, mechan- man, tool and die maker, radio ticalinstruments;operates ics, machine shop, and blue-electrician, optical instrument machine tools or modifies me-printreading,weldingandinspector, and electrical engi- talparts,and maintains time-heat treatment of metal andneer. pieces and similar instruments. electricity. Marine Corps Ammunition andexplosive Knowledge of high school Firearmsand ammunition No. 23 ordnance disposal technicians level mechanics, generalsci- proof director, ordnance tech- Ammunition, and inspect,issue, and superviseence, physics, and chemistry nician (government), and pow- Explosive Ord- the storage of ammunition andwould be beneficial in the am- der and explosives inspector. nance Disposal. explosives; locate, disarm ormunition and explosive ord- detonate, and salvage unex-nance disposal field. ploded bombs and other ex- plosives. Marine Corps Specialists lay communica- High school courses in Radio operator, telegraphic No. 25 tions wire; install and operatemathematics, physics, typing,teletypewriteroperator,tele- Operational field telephone equipment; set electricity, and electronicsphone lineman, radiobroad- Communications up and operatefieldradio, would be useful in the opera-casting traffic manager, and (W) radio telegraph, radiorelay,tional communications field. communications engineer. and teletypewriter equipment; encode and decode messages. Marine Corps Maintenance specialistsin- Students interestedin this Telephone installer and trou- No. 28 stall, inspect, and repair tele- fieldshouldincludemathe- ble shooter, radio repairman, Telecommunica- phone, teletype, and crypto- matics, physics, electricity, and cable splicer, and office ma- tionsMaintenance graphic equipment and cables, blueprint reading coursesin chine serviceman. (1V) calibrates precision electronic,their high school studies. mechanical,dimensionaland optical test instruments. Marine Corps Suppymen perform duties High school courses in typ- Shipping and receiving No. 30 as: electronics, ordnance, engi- ing, bookkeeping, office ma- clerk,stockandinventory Supply neering, and automotive stock- chineoperation,andotherclerk, stock control supervisor, Administration men; aviation supply clerks commercial subjectswould warehouse foreman-manager, And Operations andsupervisors;warehouse- giveusefulbackgroundfor partsman,andpurchasing (W) men;supplyadministration supply administration and agent. clerksandsupervisors,and operations work. allotment accounting clerks. Marine Corps Transportation specialists High school courses in typ- Shipping clerk, cargo hand- No. 31 handlecargoandtransacting, bookkeeping,businessler, traffic rate clerk, freight. Transportation business of freight shippingarithmetic, office machine op- traffic agent, passenger agent, (W) and receiving, including rout- eration, and other commercial and railroad station agent. ing and cost computing, andsubjects would be beneficial. ofpassengertransportation for Marines traveling on or- ders. Marine Corps Marines in thisfield may Vocationalhighschoolor Upholsterer, office machine No. 32 service and repair office ma-high school shop coursesin serviceman,leathercrafts- Repair Services chines, recondition and repair electricity, mechanics, and man. leather and textile equipment.textiles would prove useful in the supply services field. Marine Corps Food service personnel are knowledge gainedin high Cook-chef, baker, meat cutter No. 33 cooks, bakers, or meat cutters. school hygiene, biology, chem-or butcher, caterer, executive Food Service Designationasfoodservice istry,home economics,and chef,dietician, and restau- (W) technician, is gained by experi-bookkeeping courses, as wellrant or cafeteria manager. ence and promotion. Perform as civilian food service experi- surveillance inspection of sub-ence, would be useful. sistence supplies.

Marine Corps Auditing, finance, and ac- Interestincomputational Payrollclerk,costclerk, Na. 34 countingspecialistsprepare work, skill in arithmetic, and,bookkeeper, cashier, bank tel- Auditing, and auditpersonnel Pay attentiveness to detail are im-ler, accounting and audit clerk, Finance and records, process public vouch-portant.High school coursesand accountant. Accounting ers, and administer and audit in typing, bookkeeping, office (W) unit fiscal accounts. machines,and mathematics would be useful.

62 Career Florida Dulles and Responsibilities qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs Marine Corps Marinesinthisfieldare High school shop courses in Mechanic or body repairman, No. 35 automotive mechanics and automotive mechanics, machine automobile electrical systems Motor Transport body repairmen, motor vehicleshop, electricity, and blueprint repairman, truck driver, motor (W) andamphibiantruckoper- reading would provide skillsvehicle dispatcher, and motor ators,andsupervisorsand useful in the motor transporttransport depot master. administrators of motor trans- field. port units and facilities. Marine Corps After training, Marines op- Duties require clerical apti- Key punch operator, tabu- No. 40 crate data processing and card tude, finger and manual dex- latingandsorting machine Data Systems punch machines. With experi-terity, and eye-hand coordina- operator, personnelsupply (W) ence and promotions as tion.High school courses inand/or fiscal computer pro- operators, specialists advance typing, office machines, grammer. to positions as data processingmathematics, accounting and accountants or digital compu- English are useful. ter programmer-operators. Marine Corps Exchangespecialistskeep High school commercial Salesman, stock control No. 41 books and other financial re- course subjects such as typing,supervisor, buyer, bookkeeper, Marine Corps cords, audit bookkeeping re- bookkeeping, business arithme- accounting clerk, accountant, Exchange cords, and perform sales and tic,office machines and ac- and auditor. (W) merchandize stock control du- counting would be useful. ties in a Marine Corps (post) exchange. 3Iarine Corps Information specialists ga- High school courses in Eng. News reporter-correspon No. 43 ther material for, write, and lish grammar and composition, dent, news rewrite man, Public Affairs edit news stories, feature arti-typing, speech, and journalism columnist,copyreader,copy (W) Iles,andhistoricalreports; and experience on the staff of editor, news editor, radio-tele- gather, prepare, and edit ma-a school newspaper or year-vision announcer, and script terial for radio and television book would be very helpful. writer. broadcast. Marine Corps Personnel in this field pre- Musthaveconsiderable Law clerk,court reporter, No. 44 pare forms and documents of manual dexterity.English,chief clerk and stenotype op- Legal Services a legal nature, operate steno- filing,typing and shorthanderator. (W) typemachines and perform courses are desirable. clerical duties. Marine Corps Marine photographers oper- Students interested in pho- Commercial photographer, No. 46 ate still, motion picture, and tographyshouldincludein news photographer, cinemato- Photography aerial cameras; develop film, their high school studies grapher, copy cameraman, mo- (W) and print photographs. Other courses in mathematics, phys-tion picture fim editor, camera specialiststestandrepair ics, and chemistry.A shoprepairman, and instrument re- cameras, and edit motion pic-course in electricity would be pairman. ture film. useful. Marine Corps Training support center per- Normal color perceptionis Draftsman, illustrator, film No. 49 sonnel operate and maintain mandatory. Sonic background librarian,audiovisualequip- Training audiovisual equipment and per- in art would be beneficial al- ment operator,- and audiovisual Support formasillustratorsand/or though not absolutely neces- equipment repairman. (W) draftsmen and audiovisual film sary. A shop course in basic librarians. electronics would be extremely usefulin the area of audio- visual equipment technician. Marine Carps Bandsmen play in the Ma- High school music courses Musician;musiclibrarian, No. 55 rine Corps Band, unit bands, and experience as a member of music teacher, bandmaster, or- Band and drum and bugle corps; may a high school band or orchestra chestrator music director, or- (W) become drum majors, or assis- would be of value. chestraleader,andmusical tantleaders. Otherskilled instrument repairman. specialists repair musical in- struments. Marine Corps Nuclear, biological, and K nowledge gainedinhigh Mine inspector, gas treater, No. 57 chemical (NBC)specialists schoolbiology,physics,and and laboratory assistant (bio- Nuclear, Biologicalmaintainandoperate NBC chemistry courses wouldgive logical,chemical, and radio- And Chemical protective, detection, and mea- adequate background. logical). suring equipment and instil-, 'aunts;trainandsupervise NBC defense personnel. Marine Corps Personnel in this field en- Sociology students and ath- Policeman,ballisticexpert No. 58 forcemilitaryorder,guard letic leaders will find their ex- and investigator. Military Police military and war prisoners and perience quite helpful. and Corrections control traffic.

63 Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications lixampfrs of Civilian Jobs

Marine Corps Electronicstechniciansin- Coursesinelectronics and Radio and television repair- No. 59 stall, test, maintain, and repair missilesystemmaintenanceman, radio engineer, electical Electronics air-searchradarequipment, field,mathematics,physics, instrument repairman, record- Maintenance and radio, radio relay, sound electricity, electronics, anding engineer, communications equipment, missile landing sys- blueprintreading wouldbe engineer, and electrical engi tems and guided missile Erevery useful in the electronics neer. control and guidance systems. maintenance field.

Marine Corps Specialists serve as jet or High school shop courses in Aircraft mechanic, electrician No. 60, 61 reciprocating engine mechan- automotive and aircraft me-or hydraulics specialist; avia- Aircraft ics, structures and hydraulicschanics, metal working, elec-tion machinist or sheet metal Maintenance mechanics, aircraft safety tricity, machine shop and blue- worker;aircraftinstrument equipment men; prepare re-print reading, and courses inmaker-repairman. ports and schedules. mathematics and physics.

Marine Corps Aviation ordnancemenin- Knowledge gainedin high Firearmsassembler,gun- No. 65 spect,maintain,andrepair school physics courses and in smith, imminent mechanic, and Aviation aviationmachinegunsand electricity, hydraulics, and me-aircraft accessories repairman. Ordnance cannons;assemble andload chanics shop courses would be bombs and rockets; and handle useful in the ordnance field. and store munitions.

Marine Corps Technicians install and re- Importance of high school Radio and television repair- No. 66 pairaircraftandaviation mathematics and phy sics man, electrical instrument re- Avionics ground radio and radar equip- coursesarestressed. High pairman, communications engi- (W) ment and systems; repair air- school shop courses in electric- neer, electrical or electronics launched guided missiles; ity, hydraulics and electronicsengineer, and radio operator. serve as electricians and ins-would be useful. trument repairmen, repair flight instrument trainers.

Marine Corps Air controllers operate air- A clear speaking voice, good Airport control tower oper- N. 67 field control towers and radio- hearing, and better than aver- ator,flightradiooperator, Air Control/ radar air traffic control sys-age eyesight areimportant. navigator,instrument-landing Anti-Air tems;others,aircraft crew- High school courses in speech,truck operator, and radio or Warfare men, are navigators and radio mathematics, andelectricitytelevision studio engineer. (W) and radar operators, and anti- andexperienceasaradio air warfare missilebattery-"ham" would be helpful. men.

Marine Corps Specialistsusingvarious High school courses in gen- Weather observer and fore- No. 68 instrumentsandequipmenteralscience, geography, and caster, airways observer. Weather Service observeand record weatherphysics would provide usefulweatherman, meteorological (W) conditions; collect and distri- backgroundknowledgeforplotter, flight-advisory meteor bute weather data, and fore-aerology specialists. ologist, and meteorologist. cast weather conditions and trends.

Marine Corps Aviation Operations special- High school courses in typ- Airplane dispatch clerk, No. 70 istsmaintainaircraftlog ing, geography, and mechani-flight dispatcher, timekeeper, Aviation books, publications, and flight cal drawing would be useful. and airport crash truck driver. Operations operationsrecords;prepare (W) reports and schedules, install and repair aircraft launching and recovery equipment.

Marine Corps Marines in this field inspect, Vocational high school Parachute packer or repair- No. 71 maintain,andrepairpara- coursesinleathercraftandman, . aircraft fabric worker, Air Delivery chutes, flight survival equip-textiles would be useful. automobileupholsterer,gas ment, and carbon dioxide and worker, and sewing machine oxygen equipment: others pre- serviceman. pare supplies and equipment for air drops.

64