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“Icf” “Plan De Manejo Del Pa INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CONSERVACIÓN Y DESARROLLO FORESTAL, ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS Y VIDA SILVESTRE “ICF” DEPARTAMENTO DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS “DAP” OFICINA REGIONAL FORESTAL NOROCCIDENTE OFICINA REGIONAL FORESTAL DE ATLÁNTIDA “PLAN DE MANEJO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL BLANCA JEANNETTE KAWAS FERNANDEZ” 2012 - 2016 CO - MANEJANTES Municipalidad de Tela Municipalidad de Puerto Cortés COOPERANTE TELA, HONDURAS JUNIO, 2012 PLAN DE MANEJO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL BLANCA JEANNETTE KAWAS FERNÁNDEZ El presente documento se elaboró durante el período de septiembre a diciembre del año 2011 y enero a mayo del año 2012, a solicitud de La Fundación para la Protección de Lancetilla, Punta Sal y Texiguat (PROLANSATE), con el apoyo financiero del El Proyecto de Gestión Sostenible de los Recursos Naturales y Cuencas del Corredor Biológico Mesoamericano en el Atlántico Hondureño (PROCORREDOR). El documento muestra los resultados de la actualización del Plan de Manejo del Parque Nacional Blanca Jeannette Kawas Fernández (PNJK), el cual incluye aspectos biofísicos, socioeconómicos, legales, una propuesta de zonificación y los programas de manejo. República de Honduras, 2012 Coordinación técnica y responsable directo Ph.D. Enrique Alvarado Irías (in fíeri) (Especialista en socioeconómica ambiental) Equipo Técnico M.Sc Jorge Alfredo Cárcamo (Especialista en SIG y gestión integral de microcuencas) Ing. Ana Patricia Martínez (Especialista en áreas protegidas y biodiversidad) Lic. Aarón Mendoza (Especialista en monitoreo de especies) Supervisión Técnica Ing. Dennis Sierra (Director de PROLANSATE) Ing. Fanny Fuentes (Técnico de PROLANSATE) Ing. Rómulo Gutiérrez (Representante del ICF/Tela) Lic. Miguel Ángel Ordoñez (Representante de la UMA/Tela) Ing. Carlos Madrid (Representante de la DEMA/Puerto Cortés) Edición técnica y de estilo Ph.D. Enrique Alvarado Irías (in fíeri) 2 PLAN DE MANEJO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL BLANCA JEANNETTE KAWAS FERNÁNDEZ ÍNDICE GENERAL 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................... 8 2. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁREA ......................................................................................... 11 2.1 Categoría, ubicación y límites .................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Categoría de manejo............................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Ubicación y límites del área protegida ..................................................................... 14 2.2 Caracterización biofísica ............................................................................................ 21 2.2.1 Características biológicas ....................................................................................... 23 2.2.1.1 Comunidades y especies de flora ........................................................................ 23 2.2.1.2 Comunidades y especies de fauna ...................................................................... 27 2.2.1.2.1 Fauna del parque con algún estatus de amenaza ............................................. 41 2.2.2. Ecosistemas........................................................................................................... 42 2.2.2.1. Clasificación de Zonas de Vida según Holdridge................................................. 42 2.2.2.2 Ecosistemas vegetales según la clasificación de UNESCO ................................. 49 2.2.2.3. Áreas alteradas ................................................................................................... 51 2.2.2.3.1 El cultivo de Palma Africana en el PNJK ........................................................... 53 2.2.2.4. Dinámica de los ecosistemas y las poblaciones .................................................. 56 2.2.2.4.1 Bienes y servicios ambientales ......................................................................... 61 2.2.3. Características Físicas ........................................................................................... 72 2.2.3.1. Geomorfología .................................................................................................... 72 2.2.3.2. Suelos ................................................................................................................. 72 2.2.3.3. Pendientes .......................................................................................................... 75 2.2.3.4. Hidrología............................................................................................................ 77 2.2.3.5. Altitud .................................................................................................................. 79 2.2.3.6. Precipitación ....................................................................................................... 79 3 PLAN DE MANEJO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL BLANCA JEANNETTE KAWAS FERNÁNDEZ 2.2.3.7. Clima................................................................................................................... 79 2.2.4. Problemática .......................................................................................................... 82 2.2.4.1. Factores naturales .............................................................................................. 82 2.2.4.2. Factores antropogénicos ..................................................................................... 82 2.3 Caracterización socioeconómica ................................................................................ 89 2.3.1 Población ................................................................................................................ 89 2.3.1.1 Demografía .......................................................................................................... 93 2.3.1.2 Organización ........................................................................................................ 96 2.3.2 Salud .................................................................................................................... 101 2.3.3 Educación ............................................................................................................. 105 2.3.4 Actividades económicas ........................................................................................ 108 2.3.5 Relación de las comunidades con los recursos naturales (RRNN) ........................ 111 2.3.5.1 Conocimiento del área protegida ........................................................................ 111 2.3.5.2 Protección ......................................................................................................... 112 2.3.5.3 Uso de los recursos naturales por las comunidades ......................................... 112 2.3.6 Evaluación de los Servicios ................................................................................... 113 2.3.6.1 Vivienda ............................................................................................................ 113 2.3.6.2 Saneamiento básico ........................................................................................... 115 2.3.6.3 Agua potable ...................................................................................................... 116 2.3.6.4 Vías de comunicación - Infraestructura vial ....................................................... 118 2.3.7 Evaluación y análisis de la tenencia de la tierra .................................................... 120 2.3.8 Análisis de la problemática identificada por las comunidades ............................... 122 2.4 Caracterización legal e institucional ......................................................................... 125 2.4.1 Contexto internacional de los esfuerzos de desarrollo sostenible en el AP ........... 125 2.4.2 Políticas y estrategias de desarrollo sostenible vigentes en el país ....................... 126 4 PLAN DE MANEJO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL BLANCA JEANNETTE KAWAS FERNÁNDEZ 2.4.3 Marco legal y administrativo vigente ..................................................................... 127 3. VISIÓN, MISIÓN Y OBJETIVOS ............................................................................... 131 3.1 Visión ....................................................................................................................... 131 3.2 Misión ...................................................................................................................... 131 3.3 Objetivos .................................................................................................................. 132 3.3.1 Objetivo general .................................................................................................... 132 3.3.2 Objetivos específicos ............................................................................................ 132 4. ZONIFICACIÓN Y NORMATIVA DE USO ................................................................. 133 4.1 Antecedentes ........................................................................................................... 133 4.2 Zonificacion propuesta ............................................................................................. 134 4.3 Descripcion de las zonas y subzonas del parque ..................................................... 137 4.3.1 Zona Núcleo.......................................................................................................... 137 4.3.1.1 Subzona de preservación absoluta .................................................................... 137 4.3.1.2 Subzona
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