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QUO VADIS NIGERIA – a SEARCH for a BASIS for SURVIVAL in My Book, (Afrocracy 1984) L Contended That This Nation Is Suffering F

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QUO VADIS NIGERIA – a SEARCH for a BASIS for SURVIVAL in My Book, (Afrocracy 1984) L Contended That This Nation Is Suffering F QUO VADIS NIGERIA – A SEARCH FOR A BASIS FOR SURVIVAL In my book, (Afrocracy 1984) l contended that this nation is suffering from a disease whose cure will remain evasive until certain conditions are fulfilled. Until the human and spiritual dimensions are given prominence in our national calculations, those who want economic development without the spiritual and human metamorphosis, waste their time. Every nation that has been described as developed, be it Russia, or Britain, America or Japan, has had periods of spiritual and human isolation during which they were able to answer this pervading question – Quo Vadis? Unless a nation knows where it is going, all programmes geared towards solving minor problems will remain dialectical, always compounding the problems, always asking for higher order solutions. As the minor, simple problem becomes complex, its solution becomes complex, far beyond the capacities of the nation. I called the disease “SOCIOPOROSIS”. But put simply, the nation is in trouble; and any nation where only the leisured class claims monopoly of answers to national questions, will be in trouble. Because the intellectual potentiality of the nation has been marginalised by dalliances, the leisured class becomes ipso facto, intellectually ossified and bankrupt. In search of a way out, they invite two categories of “deus ex machina” to intervene, advise and tell the nation what it must do to survive. The first category of this “deus ex machina” is the national intellectuals who are eclectically chosen on the basis of old friendship or because they are successful noise makers. People clap their hands in applause, erroneously believing that they have all the answers to the national question. Generally, however, it turns out that they do not even understand the questions whose answers they are expected to provide. They in turn ask for the assistance of the second category of “deus ex machina” – the foreign experts. But let me warn that all national problems evolve from the way societal dynamics have been handled. The mistakes have been made possible by our imperfect transition from the colonial situation to the present structural adjustments in search of a basis. The Original paper was delivered at the Social Science Conference at the University of Ibadan in 1984 1 There can be no expert who has no normative commitment to the genesis of the problem. Those who advise our local experts have no “cognition” of our national problems. They only ‘perceive” with their eyes. They do not understand. Therefore their general transference of answers to similar problems in other countries soon expose their ignorance of the social order in which they operate. The point l am trying to make, is that the military, haven take over power, should have run this country as a stratocracy – a true military rule. It is my contention that the civilian leisured class has watered down the virility of a truly professional military. If the military can rule alone, without the civilians, it will be possible to compare the military with the civilian rules. But the diarchy which ruled this country is on the invitation of the military. It is a combination of the military and the civilian leisured class. What destroys every social order is the emergence and growth of an immense class of leisured persons, be it civilian or military. Such a social order can no longer become a subsistence order, no matter the declaration that the nation must look inwards. Its external involvements will of a necessity prevent this inward looking. Other nations must support it, generally on their own terms and conditions. When the country is offered free food and shelter, the spiritual growth of the nation goes down. This leisured class gives no incentives for self- programming activities. It usually goes into eclipse as a nation with self-destructive tendencies. It is a vicious circle that envelope both the military and civilians. The country needs a period of self-understanding and peace to initiate or evolve a programme of survival from what we have and not from what we import. But peace cannot be achieved by dry decrees, or ossified rituals of civilians’ legislation. It must come from the spirit of the nation. To understand QUO VADIS in Nigeria, one must have critical excursion into the colonial situation and all it brought to Nigeria in the fields of education, housing, cultural and social engineering, religion, political immaturity, corruption, military adventurism, our consumer orientation and below level productivity in all facets of life. 2 In the recent discussions between industrialists and academics on Nigeria’s Economy, there was no consensus, and none ought to have been expected, because the true academician lives in the air near the unattached, while the industrialists live on earth deluding themselves with non-permanent acquisition of material encumbrances. But Bade Onimode succinctly summed the situation when he said: The Country produces what it does not consume, and consumes what it does not produce.1 This summarises the behavior of a nation that achieved independences in a period of political, social and economic esolepsy. A period when the sedatives of the colonial situation are still heavy on our brains, and when the incipient euphoria of nationalist struggles has saddled us with the syndrome of pre-mature gratification. We wake up from the colonial slumber to scramble for what the white man left behind, without asking how and why he left them behind. In search of Quo Vadis today, l will only examine Technological Development. You must forgive me for this lengthy excursion. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT – FALSE START IN AFRICA I have chosen the topic because of the misconception in a number of circles over the concept of technological development. Many have confused technological growth with technological development. No better summary of the impact of growth could be more appropriate than the incisive lamentation of Dr. E.J. Mishan in “The Cost of Economic Growth”. Dr. Mishan observed that Growth buries us under mounds of mechanical devices thrust upon us by increasingly frantic advertisements. Growth clogs our cities, jams our roads and ruins our air and countryside …yet it is so much a part of our conventional wisdom, that we have seldom fundamentally questioned it. “2 What has happened to Africa has been the interplay of wishful aspirations and opportunities frustrated by the impact of a serious phenomenon which most economists and social scientists have either unwittingly or deliberately played down. W.W. Rostow in his analysis of the take-off into sustained economic growth has given three stages in the growth process. 3 We will look at these processes to see whether in fact the African Nations have been prepared by virtue of their colonial experience or have prepared themselves by virtue of their independence statues to take-off technologically. Technological development should be seen as the second stage of economic growth. The lamentations of many Sociologists on the very poor base from which African countries are expected to take-off economically and technologically has not wished off the problems created by the colonial situation. It is therefore my contention that unless we tackle the problems created by the colonial situation, problems which are not merely economic, but which border on the psychological disposition of the Africans, and which make it impossible for the Africans to adjust their values or to create values which will sustain economic growth, it will be wrong to think of technological development in Africa and in Nigeria in particular, and therefore it will be difficult to know where Nigeria is heading towards. It is therefore on the basis of the above premise that this paper takes off with a critical examination of the colonial situation and it’s impact on the mentalities of the African Nations, particular Nigerians and how this impact has not only inhibited the propensity for economic development but has also stultified the abilities of Nigerians to take off technologically. The colonial situation which created the Prospero and the Caliban syndrome has also unwrittingly made it impossible for Africans to adopt early enough the protestant ethics and the spirit of capitalism. Africans, by the Prospero and the Caliban syndrome which this paper highlights, seem to have been satisfied with borrowing and imitating the Whiteman in a continuous and uninhibited master-servant relationship. The paper also argues that it is only in recent times that scholars and the new rich have begun to question this master-servant relationship, but not in sufficiently strong terms as to challenge the diseconomies created by the colonial situation. 4 THE COLONIAL SITUATION The colonial situation which has been aptly criticised by scholars like Immanuel Wallernstein3 poses problems for a conquered people who respond to these problems to the degree that certain latitude is granted to them. The latitude granted to the conquered people is such that they, in the words of O. Mannoni, lack the initiative which is very vital for technological development; in addition to this lack of initiative, they are also saddled with this master-servant relationship which reflects the character of Prospero and Caliban. Until recently, even after independence, most African countries depended, and still depend on one or more of the European colonial powers. This attitude of dependence on the ersthwhile colonial masters has in all cases of development shown that development can only be linear towards the dictates of the European metropolitan countries. When all the indices of development are added together, one unfortunately sees that there is a linear trend towards the Western model of development; and development is seen purely in terms of economic and technological variables, but not in other variables in which the Africans would have claimed to be more developed, had they championed their own cause.
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