DOCSLIB.ORG

Violence, Militarism and the Environment in Contemporary South Asian Literature Saba Pirzadeh Purdue University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Violence, Militarism and the Environment in Contemporary South Asian Literature Saba Pirzadeh Purdue University Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations January 2016 Violence, Militarism and the Environment in Contemporary South Asian Literature Saba Pirzadeh Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Recommended Citation Pirzadeh, Saba, "Violence, Militarism and the Environment in Contemporary South Asian Literature" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 1294. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/1294 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated 1/15/2015 PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Saba Pirzadeh Entitled VIOLENCE, MILITARISM AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTH ASIAN LITERATURE For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Aparajita Sagar Chair Alfred Lopez Jennifer Freeman Marshall Bill Mullen To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Aparajita Sagar Approved by: Ryan Schneider 4/13/2016 Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date i VIOLENCE, MILITARISM AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTH ASIAN LITERATURE A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Saba Pirzadeh In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2016 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Dr. Aparajita Sagar for her excellent guidance and constant encouragement during the writing of this dissertation. I would also like to thank Dr. Lopez, Dr. Freeman Marshall, and Dr. Mullen for their constructive feedback on my work. Lastly I would like to thank my family and friends for their unwavering support throughout this endeavor. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1. ATTACKING INHABITANCY: COLONIAL RULE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPLOITATION .......................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 2. CONTESTED TERRAIN: ETHNO-NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONQUEST ........................................................................ 69 CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL OTHERING: WARFARE, SPATIAL APPRAISAL, AND TERRITORIAL EXPLOITATION ............................................... 110 CHAPTER 4. MILITARISTIC LEGACIES: PRECARITY, WAR TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL WEAPONIZATION .......................................................... 150 WORKS CITED ............................................................................................................. 191 VITA ............................................................................................................................... 202 iv ABSTRACT Pirzadeh, Saba. Ph.D., Purdue University, May 2016. Violence, Militarism and the Environment in Contemporary South Asian Literature. Major Professor: Aparajita Sagar. Current literary scholarship on the rise in violence and militarism within South Asia is guided by an anthropocentric focus and lacks a sustained discussion of the environmental implications of the phenomenon. Tracing the buildup of this phenomenon, this dissertation uses literary explication to argue that colonial violence and postcolonial militarism subject the environment to teleological appraisal and material exploitation for purposes of utilitarianism. This analysis draws upon Anglophone South Asian novels from 1954-2013 written by Kamala Markandaya, Kiran Desai, Uzma Khan, Mirza Waheed and Nadeem Aslam. Despite their varying political and geographical contexts, these novels share an interest in the lived realities of human-environment interactions by highlighting how people rely on the land as dwelling, resource, borderland, and shelter. Focusing on the literary and cultural representations of the environment within these novels, this dissertation examines the following processes—the colonial systemization of environmental objectification, the propagation of eco-conquest by ethno-nationalist movements, the reductive conceptualization or Othering of nature during war, and the ecological precarity generated by militaristic legacies. By paying attention to the narrative, visual and linguistic elements of the chosen novels this study v establishes how the onslaught of violence and militarism rupture the human-environment dynamic, recast the environment in utilitarian terms, produce natural degradation and endanger human existence. An explication of these processes underscores the productive and destructive ways in which violence determines conceptions and treatment of the environment. In doing so, this dissertation establishes environmental co-optation as an integral part of the politics and modus operandi of colonial exploitation, ethno-nationalist insurgencies and transnational militant conflicts in South Asia. 1 INTRODUCTION This study explicates the evolution of violence and its environmental repercussions as depicted in Anglophone South Asian literature (published from 1954- 2013). Historically contextualizing the trajectory of violence, this dissertation argues that colonial, ethno-nationalist and the more recent militaristic violence alter the environment (and its conceptions) in salient ways. Through its narrativization of violence “as politico- economic tool, material experience and symbolic domination” (Visweswaran 3), the chosen literature illuminates how violence not only depletes the environment but reworks it for purposes of consumption. The literary works include novels by Kamala Markandaya, Kiran Desai, Uzma Khan, Mirza Waheed and Nadeem Aslam which depict sociopolitical realities of India, Pakistan, Kashmir, and Afghanistan over the last sixty years. Highlighting the ecocritical dimensions of violence through critical readings of these narratives the study explicates the following processes—the colonial systemization of environmental objectification, the propagation of eco-conquest by ethno-nationalist movements, the reductive conceptualization or Othering of nature during war, and the ecological precarity generated by militaristic legacies. In doing so, this dissertation draws attention to the ways that the environment is subjected to the organizational, ideological 2 and experiential aspects of violence and argues for the need to address the ecological fallout of these phenomenon. Although the impact of violence in South Asia has been analyzed through an anthropocentric lens in history, anthropology, and feminist studies, it has not been examined extensively from an environmental perspective1. Given the increasing conflict over natural spaces as boundary markers, nationalist territories, resource reserves and military bases within South Asia, it becomes imperative to study the ways in which violence is influencing the environment. Building upon the intersectional approaches to militarism within existing scholarship, this study analyses selected literary works to trace a genealogy of violence across pre-Partition, post-Partition, and post 9/11 years. The texts span years of colonial occupation, nationalist/ ethno-national struggles, and global military campaigns which have indelibly shaped nation states and are key in understating evolution of violence in the region. Studies have shown that British colonizers employed violence as a repressive tactic “both in ordinary everyday life and during extraordinary moments of war” and in 1 For additional discussions on violence in South Asia see the following scholars: Anuradha Chenoy. "Gender and International Politics: The Intersections of Patriarchy and Militarization." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 11.1 (2004): 27-42. ProQuest. 16 March 2016; Bruce Kapferer. Legends of People, Myths of State: Violence, Intolerance, and Political Culture in Sri Lanka and Australia. Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press, 1988. Print; Cynthia Keppley Mahmood. Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues with Sikh Militants. Philadelphia: Univ. Penn. Press, 1996. Print; Ian Talbot. "Militarism in India: The Army and Civil Society in Consensus." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 62.3 (1999): 584-85. ProQuest, 16 March 2016; P Sahadevan. "Ethnic Conflicts and Militarism in South Asia." International Studies 39.2 (2002): 103-38. Print; Kamala Visweswaran, ed. Everyday Occupations: Experiencing Militarism in South Asia and Middle East. Philadelphia: U of Philadelphia P, 2013. Print; Savitri Goonesekerei. Violence, Law and Women's rights in South Asia. New York: Sage, 2004. Print; Srila Roy. "The Ethical Ambivalence of Resistant Violence: Notes from Postcolonial South Asia." Feminist Review 91 (2009): 135-53. Print; Stanley Tambiah. Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia. (Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press, 1996. Print); Veena Das, ed. Mirrors of Violence: Communities, Riots
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Here in Attendance at the Omni Berkshire, Just Blocks from the Many Overdeter- University Editor, Salaam: Melanie R
    WINTER 2018 VOLUME 42 NO. 2 SALA President’s Column by John Hawley 1 PRESIDENT’S COLUMN SALA 2018 Conference Program 2-9 With Trump Tower just a few blocks away, those attending our annual confer- MLA Panel of Interest/featuring SALA Members 10 ence will address the issues of “Precarity, Resistance, and Care Communities in South Asia,” with a reminder that Manhattan, too, is an island community, threat- Open SALA Executive Board Positions 10 ened by the waters lapping at its shores and the winds whipping through its Spotlight on Hamara Mushaira 11 manmade canyons. The call for papers for our conference brilliantly outlines some of the problems facing our world from climate change, globalization, in- Looking to Writers: An Interview with Farzana Doctor 12-13 ward-turning governments, and the blurring of honest confrontation of threats by the invocation of “fake news” when challenges arise from the Fourth and Fifth Singh Interviews on Pakistani Television by Kristin Distel 14 Estates. As our call references, Pankaj Mishra notes the uptick in virulent expres- sions of anger, and in the U.S. we see “tribes” insulating themselves against chal- 1st International humanities Conference, Lahore by 15-16 Rabia Wasif lenge from those on the “other” side. Our call describes a “consolidation” of precariousness, a “wielding of biopolitical power over human bodies,” and refer- 17-19 Era of Unrest by M. A. Nuhmen ences Judith Butler’s description of “that politically induced condition in which Member News 20 certain populations suffer from failing social
    [Show full text]
  • Milwaukee County Historical Society
    Title: White Family Collection Manuscript Number: Mss-3325 Inclusive Dates: ca. 1925-2009 Quantity: 14.4 cu. ft. Location: WHW, Sh. B004-B006 (14.0 cu. ft.) RC21A, Sh. 005 (0.4 cu. ft.) Abstract: The White Family consisted of husband and wife Joseph Charles White and Nancy Metz White, and their twin daughters Michele and Jacqueline. Nancy was a local artist who designed and created sculptures constructed out of discarded scrap metal, heating and cooling ventilation pipes, and other recycled items. Originally from Madison, she graduated from UW- Madison with a bachelor’s degree in art education and also did graduate study there. She is primarily noted for creating large-scale outdoor public sculptures, which include Tree of Life in Mitchell Boulevard Park in 2002, Magic Grove in Enderis Park in 2006, Helping Hands at Mead Public Library in Sheboygan, and Fantasy Garden at St. John’s On the Lake. In addition to being a sculptor, Nancy also was an art teacher and the Creative Art Coordinator at Urban Day School Elementary from 1970 to 1978. Joseph C. White was born in 1925 in Michigan. He earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Northwestern University and also served in the Navy during World War II and the Korean conflict. In the 1960s, as Vice President of Inland Steel Products Company, he led the company’s involvement in the pioneering School Construction Systems Development (SCSD) project for California schools. He left Inland Steel and formed his own company, Syncon, to focus on modular construction projects. He was also an adjunct architecture professor at UW- Milwaukee.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Communities
    Transforming Communities 2019 Lost in the deep woods sheltering the Manatawny and Ironstone Creeks is the mythical Secret Valley, once the province of pioneers and patriots. Their stories can be heard in the soft winds whispering through the tall trees and towering trestles of the Colebrookdale Railroad—a magical, forgotten railway to the heart of this Secret Valley. It is your ticket to a place and time when iron rails connected a divided people and the heart of the nation pulsed with the potent energy of the steam locomotive. Completed by soldiers home from the Civil War just four months after the Transcontinental Railroad united East and West, the Colebrookdale is a record of epic engineering and heroic human drama. Eight-point-six miles long and a century- and-a-half back in time, the Secret Valley Line beckons you to experience for yourself the unexpected treasures of Southeastern Pennsylvania. 2 3 M I S S I O N TO SERVE AS A CATALYST FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE PRESERVATION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE HISTORIC, CULTURAL, AND NATURAL HERITAGE OF THE MIDDLE SCHUYLKILL REGION, BIRTHPLACE OF THE AMERICAN IRON INDUSTRY. 4 Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir men's blood and probably themselves will not be realized. Make big plans; aim high in hope and work, remembering that a noble, logical diagram once recorded will never die, but long after we are gone be a living thing, asserting itself with ever-growing insistency. Remember that our sons and our grandsons are going to do things that would stagger us.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Contours: Sinhala Poetry in Sri Lanka, 1913-56
    South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies ISSN: 0085-6401 (Print) 1479-0270 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/csas20 Modern Contours: Sinhala Poetry in Sri Lanka, 1913–56 Garrett M. Field To cite this article: Garrett M. Field (2016): Modern Contours: Sinhala Poetry in Sri Lanka, 1913–56, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, DOI: 10.1080/00856401.2016.1152436 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2016.1152436 Published online: 12 Apr 2016. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=csas20 Download by: [Garrett Field] Date: 13 April 2016, At: 04:41 SOUTH ASIA: JOURNAL OF SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2016.1152436 ARTICLE Modern Contours: Sinhala Poetry in Sri Lanka, 1913À56 Garrett M. Field Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA ABSTRACT KEYWORDS A consensus is growing among scholars of modern Indian literature Modernist realism; that the thematic development of Hindi, Urdu and Bangla poetry Rabindranath Tagore; was consistent to a considerable extent. I use the term ‘consistent’ romanticism; Sinhala poetry; to refer to the transitions between 1900 and 1960 from didacticism Siri Gunasinghe; South Asian literary history; Sri Lanka; to romanticism to modernist realism. The purpose of this article is to superposition build upon this consensus by revealing that as far south as Sri Lanka, Sinhala-language poetry developed along the same trajectory. To bear out this argument, I explore the works of four Sri Lankan poets, analysing the didacticism of Ananda Rajakaruna, the romanticism of P.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Download a Free Copy
    2020-21 Official Adventure Guide LOS ALAMOSNew Mexico visitlosalamos.org #discoverlosalamos “Like” us on Facebook @kendranak @kat_weeks Find us at Visit Los Alamos to like and follow for news, events, and tidbits & treasures about Los Alamos, right in your newsfeed. Follow us on Instagram Find us @losalamoscounty to follow for photos of Los Alamos and the surrounding National Parks. Stop by our Visitor Centers @jason_halladay Los Alamos Visitor Center @jimsteinphoto 475 20th St., Suite A, Los Alamos, NM Monday-Friday 9am-5pm, Saturday 9am-4pm, Sunday 10am-3pm 800-444-0707 | 505-662-8105 visitlosalamos.org White Rock Visitor Center 115 State Rd. 4, White Rock, NM May-October: Daily 8am-6pm | @choycehays @sophierotola November-April: Daily 10am-2pm 800-444-0707 | 505-672-3183 visitlosalamos.org @montoya_coach Manhattan Project National Historical Park Visitor Center 475 20th St., Suite C, Los Alamos, NM Thursday-Monday 10am-3pm Open additional hours seasonally 505-661-6277 | nps.gov/mapr Don’t miss it... WiFi in Downtown Los Alamos Connect to LA Discoveries for FREE WiFi in the Historic District. Look for These Important Icons We’re sharing all our secrets! Watch for @lbucklinphoto these icons to learn more. @sayyesblog On the Cover: Anniversary Point, Los Alamos 2 Los Alamos Adventure Guide Discover Los Alamos It’s unexpected—the first visit to Los Alamos, New Mexico. It starts with the drive, as you wind through canyons framed by golden cliffs on your journey to the mesa tops. As you round the last curve, you are struck by Table of Contents 360 degrees of spectacular scenery, framed by the Jemez Mountains and nature's playground.
    [Show full text]
  • Diaspora Poetics in South Asian English Writings
    Diaspora Poetics in South Asian English Writings Diaspora Poetics in South Asian English Writings Edited by Md. Rakibul Islam and Eeshan Ali Diaspora Poetics in South Asian English Writings Edited by Md. Rakibul Islam and Eeshan Ali This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Md. Rakibul Islam, Eeshan Ali and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3810-9 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3810-8 CONTENTS Preface andledgements Acknow ............................................................... vii Notes on Contributors....................................... ......................................... ix Map of South Asia ..................................................................................... xi Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 South Asian Diaspora Dr. Md. Rakibul Islam & Eeshan Ali Part I: Reminiscence, Identity and Gender Chapter I ................................................................................................... 11 The Poet Lost in the Mystic: Revisitingisits Rabindranath Tagore’s
    [Show full text]
  • Dying Soliloquy
    N APOLEO N ’ S D Y YI NG SOLI LOQU , A N D QB t h e r 13 0 2 111 5 . B Y T H O M S W A S T E A R T . ’ — L homme cs ! n é i bre e t a rt o ut l l e st d a n s le s fe rs . J . J . RO USSEAU . l , p LONDON JAMES RI DGWAY AN S S P D ON , ICCADILLY. M DC C C X X XI V. P R E F A C E . NO a ccurate estimate of the character of Napoleon has be e n attempted to ha ve been formed in the subsequent Poem . It is the a a n d position of the f llen fettered monarch , like fEsch lus that of Prometheus in the tragedy of y , e e that has been mbodied with s ntiment, by the n . imagi ation of the poet Sublime , although may be the idea of the pe rson ifica tion of the son ' of a of I petus and Clymene , that Lucifer Grecian r W fable , glo ying in his mighty deeds , hile writhing under the wrath of an avenging Jove ; yet not of n less grand were the representation Napoleo , (if depicted by abler hands than mine) pourtrayed as prouder than the son of the Titans disdaining t o give vent to his sufferings ; whilst he expires i n of an ex le , abando ed , the Ariadne his empires , on — lor a desert isle . Behind him his g y should 0 i v tower like a pyramid ; so lofty that even those Who saw it reared , could hardly follow with their eyes the progress of the rising pile .
    [Show full text]
  • Ceramics Monthly Apr04 Cei04
    editor Sherman Hall associate editor Tim Frederich assistant editor Renee Fairchild design Paula John production manager John Wilson production specialist David Houghton advertising manager Steve Hecker advertising assistant Debbie Plummer circulation manager Cleo Eddie publisher Marcus Bailey editorial, advertising and circulation offices 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 43081 USA telephone editorial: (614) 895-4213 advertising: (614) 794-5809 classifieds: (614) 895-4212 customer service: (614) 794-5890 fax (614) 891-8960 e-mail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] website www.ceramicsmonthly.org Ceramics Monthly (ISSN 0009-0328) is published monthly, except July and August, by The American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081; www.ceramics.org. Periodicals postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Opinions expressed are those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent those of the editors or The Ameri­ can Ceramic Society. subscription rates: One year $32, two years $60, three years $86. Add $25 per year for subscriptions outside North America. In Canada, add GST (registration number R123994618). change of address: Please give us four weeks advance notice. Send the magazine address label as well as your new address to: Ceramics Monthly, Circulation De­ partment, PO Box 6136, Westerville, OH 43086-6136. contributors: Writing and photographic guidelines are available on request. Send manuscripts and visual sup­ port (slides, transparencies, photographs, drawings, etc.) to Ceramics Monthly, 735 Ceramic PI., Westerville, OH 43081. We also accept unillustrated texts e-mailed to [email protected] or faxed to (614) 891-8960. indexing: An index of each year's feature articles appears in the December issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Politics in Nadeem Aslam's the Wasted Vigil and the Blind Man's Garden a Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School Of
    SPATIAL POLITICS IN NADEEM ASLAM’S THE WASTED VIGIL AND THE BLIND MAN’S GARDEN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY GÜLSEVİN GÜLERYÜZ KARA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE SEPTEMBER 2018 ii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name : Gülsevin GÜLERYÜZ KARA Signature : iii ABSTRACT SPATIAL POLITICS IN NADEEM ASLAM’S THE WASTED VIGIL AND THE BLIND MAN’S GARDEN GÜLERYÜZ KARA, Gülsevin M.A. in English Literature Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Hülya YILDIZ BAĞÇE September 2018, 175 pages This thesis aims to analyze British-Pakistani author Nadeem Aslam’s novels The Wasted Vigil (2008) and The Blind Man’s Garden (2013) in terms of how Afghanistan and Pakistan are represented and reconfigured as postcolonial spaces. In the spirit aspired by Sara Upstone’s concept of post-space which suggests a sense of spatiality that resists imperial totalizations of space, subverts colonial frames and puts forward spatial reconfigurations by foregrounding diverse experiences of postcolonial spaces, this study essentially focuses on the post-space representations embedded in these novels. Challenging nation as a political construct and reframing it through alternative spatial locations, Aslam’s novels analysed in this study subtly reconfigure national spaces by accentuating smaller-than-national and larger-than national spaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Management Ensuring Effective Response to and Recovery from Emergency Situations Certificates • Associates • Bachelors • Masters
    AMERICAN PUBLIC WORKS ASSOCIATION • JANUARY 2009 • www.apwa.net THE ROLE OF PUBLIC WORKS IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Ensuring effective response to and recovery from emergency situations Certificates • Associates • Bachelors • Masters www.uiu.edu/apwa • Flexible delivery options • No on-campus residency required - Online • Highly qualified and supportive faculty - Independent Study • Regionally accredited Established in 1857® UIU_Jan 09 full page 4-color ad wOutlines.indd 1 12/10/2008 11:39:58 AM E J C D C S T A N D A R D Contract Documents Widely recognized as the most fair and objective contract documents in the construction, engineering, and design-build industries New Construction Contract Documents just released! Why Use EJCDC Contract Documents? • Minimize Risk on Your Next Job • Immediately Downloadable • Available for Multi-Use at NO Extra Cost • Peer Created and Reviewed • Fully Customizable www.nspe.org/ejcdc EJCDC AD AWPA_10-08-nodisc.indd 1 10/2/2008 4:22:19 PM January 2009 Vol. 76, No. 1 The APWA Reporter, the official magazine of the American Public Works Association, covers all facets of public works for APWA members including industry news, legislative actions, management issues and emerging technologies. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT INSIDE APWA 4 President’s Message 8 Technical Committee News 10 2009 North American Snow Conference Technical Tour 16 Mentoring: Consider “Future City Competition” in your own backyard 18 APWA Standards of Professional Conduct: What we can learn from the PGA Tour 10 20 Index to 2008 articles COLUMNS 6
    [Show full text]
  • BA South Asian Studies (3 Years) Structure for Students Who Enrolled in 2011/12 Or Before
    BA South Asian Studies (3 years) Structure for students who enrolled in 2011/12 or before Year 1 • Language 1 (a course unit at a suitable level in a South Asian language: core course) • South Asian Culture (compulsory course) • A further course from List A or List B at an appropriate level • A further course from List B or an Open Option at an appropriate level Year 2 • Language 2 (a course unit at a suitable level in a South Asian language: core course) • A further course from List A (compulsory course) • A further course from List A or List B at an appropriate level • A further course from List B or an Open Option at an appropriate level Year 3 • Language 3 (a course unit at a suitable level in a South Asian language: compulsory course) • A further course from List A at an appropriate level • A further course from List A or List B at an appropriate level • A further course from List B or an Open Option at an appropriate level List A Elementary Level Language courses • Bengali Language 1 - 155900491 (1 Unit) • Hindi Language 1 - 155900501 (1 Unit) • Nepali Language 1 - 155900535 (1 Unit) • Sanskrit Language 1 - 155901303 (1 Unit) • Urdu Language 1 - 155900512 (1 Unit) • Basic Pali - 155900948 (1 Unit) • Gujarati Language 1 - 155900496 (1 Unit) • Sinhala Language 1 - 155900520 (1 Unit) • Tamil Language 1 - 155900526 (1 Unit) • Introduction to Prakrit - 155901323 (0.5 Unit) • Elementary Written Persian - 155901053 (1 Unit) Intermediate Level Language courses • Bengali Language 2 - 155900492 (1 Unit) • Hindi Language 2 - 155901183 (1 Unit)
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 4 South Asian Literature
    UNIT 4 SOUTH ASIAN LITERATURE Structure Objectives Introduction Survey of South- Asian Literatures in English 4.2.1 Pakistani Literature in English 4.2.2 Sri Lankan Literature in English 4.2.3, Bangladeshi Writing in English 4.2.4 Indian Literature in English 4.2.5 Twentieth Century Developments in Indian English Fiction Postcolonialism 4.3.1 Unravelling Postcolonialism 4.3.2 Postcolonial Literary Analysis and Pedagom 4.3.3 Problems with the Postcolonial Pamdigm Literahire at the Margins - Some Critical Aspects 4.4.1 The Question of the Margin 4.4.2 Women and Literature 4.4.3 Conceptual Challenges Let Us Sum Up Questions Suggested Reading 4.0 OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the unit is to show that the newly emerging literatures in English in South Asia (and the Indian novel, specifically) are the products of complex determinants. The colonial encounter is the foremost determinant for emerging literatures in English in India and the subcontinent. Additionally, the process through which the new nation comes into being; the trauma of partition, the formation of national identities in a situation of political instability all contribute to the vast body of literature, not just in English, but in the regional languages as well. My attempt in this introduction to a representative body of South Asian literature would be to show how literature refracts realities outside its domain and cannot. therefore, be stuched in isolation from them. In this course, you will study Bapsi Sidhwa's partition novel Ice Candy Man, which pulls together some of the issues mentioned above.
    [Show full text]