GLOBAL AQUACULTURE GROWTH THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Dr. Arne Fredheim Research Director – SINTEF Ocean Adjunct Professor – NTNU/AMOS Content

• Introduction to marine aquaculture and some global perspectives • Technological development in marine fish farming • Mechanisation and industrialization of cultivation and farming of marine plants

2 The food gap challenge The world need more (sea)food

32%

• World Bank Report: The world needs 69 more seafood % • IPCC: More of the food need to be produced in the ocean • Wild catch fisheries is "stagnating" – substantial part of the increase need to come from aquaculture • FAO: Largest potential in marine aquaculture

3 Marine aquaculture diversity

• Family and small scale business • Molluscs, marine plants and crustaceans typically in Asia • Industrialized industry with large companies • Finfish/Salmon typically in the "western world"

• Aquatic plants (Non fed) • Molluscs (Non fed) • Crustaceans (Fed) • Fin fish (Fed)

4 Global marine aquaculture Volume – plants Value – finfish

6 Industrialization of aquaculture

Source: Kontali analyse

7 World farmed marine fin fish production

Salmon

Japanese amberjack Rainbow trout

(FAO 2014)

8 Salmon farming industrialization

Cages: • Cages 160 to 200 meter in circumference (Ø 50m to 65 meter) • 1000 tons of salmon in each cage (2200 cows) • 16 cages in one fish farm (15 000 tons production) • From manual to mechanical and automated operations Feeding • Formulated dry feed pellets • Feed distributed through pipes to each cage • Monitoring, control and remote operations from land Vessels: • Specialized vessel for maritime aquaculture operations 24 – 40 m in length • Well boats with capacity of 4500 m3 – can carry 700 tons of live salmon

9 New farming concepts

• Structures and systems for offshore farming operations • Structures and systems for semi- and closed fish farming • New high tech solutions for operations, fish welfare, monitoring and control • Enabling technologies entering aquaculture Next generation marin fish farms?

Ocean Ocean Farming/SalMar Farming/SalMar • Diameter of 110 meter and 67 meter high • Tested for Hs of 5 meter • 8 times volume of a regular large cage

Atlantic Subea Farming/AKVA group • Adaption of existing farming equipment AKVA group AS • With submerged air dome

The Egg • Closed containment – sheltered locations • Control of water inlet and outlet • Each unit a capacity of 1000 ton

11 13 Enabling technologies entering aquaculture Precision Finfish Farming (PFF)

14 Monitoring of fish in cages Behaviour and welfare

• Acoustic telemetry • Electronic tag with accelerometer and depth sensor and acoustic modem • Monitor fish behaviour • Stereo video + colour camera • Collected data like movement speeds, detection of wounds and damages • Sensorfish • Sensors package to monitor what fish experience Video: Annette Stahl, SINTEF/NTNU

15 Control of feeding

• Feeding of fin fish the most costly part of production – 50-60% • Understanding the physics • Improvement in equipment • Remote control – purposely designed user interface and control rooms • Decision support Control of parasites (salmon sea lice)

• Salmon sea lice (parasite) is the largest challenge of the industry • Chemical treatment is the traditional method (pharma or bath treatments) • Prevention – using skirts and submergence of fish • Removal – using mechanical equipment • Control – using cleaner fish and laser

17 Farming of marine plants

• A biomass with great potentials • 3.generations bioenergy • Food • Feed 10 kg m-1 rope after • Bioactive compounds, high-value chemicals 4,5 months • Chemical building blocks • Fertilizers • Low level of industrialisation • Potential for mechanisation

18 Industrialization and mechanization of non-fed marine aquaculture

19 Mechanization example

Attaching seedling Seedling strings on Seedling Spools after lab string to longline spools cultivation in lab phase ready for sea phase

20 "Spinner" prototype

Speed: 2500 m longline per day (10 x improvement)

21 Seaweed Cultivation Vessel

"The world's first specialized vessel concept for industrial seaweed cultivation"

22 OECD Future Prospects of Marine Aquaculture Workshop Main challenges and constrains to growth • Perception and acceptance • Environmental impact of fish farms in coastal regions • Improved disease management • Fish feed (marine oil (EPA/DHA) and marine protein) • Suitable area for farming • Technological development • Regulatory framework and predictability – role of the public sector • Market development

25 Technology for a better society