DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review of the US Middle East Policy from Harry Truman to Bill Clinton

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Issue 34, January 2021 United States: A Review of the US Middle East Policy from Harry Truman to Bill Clinton Kardo RACHED Salam ABDULRAHMAN Abstract: Since the Second World War, the Middle East has been mentioned in connection with policy in the Middle East from Truman to Clinton on the premise that the US foreign policy has contributedthe national tointerest creating of America a breeding manifested ground for by dissatisfactionUS presidents. Thistoward paper the looksUS In atthis the context, US foreign the paper focuses on the doctrines in use from the time of President Truman to Clinton. Thus, every American president has a doctrine, and this doctrine tells what political line the president fol- lows regarding domestic and foreign policies. Keywords: Middle-East, Israel, US national interest, Soviet Union, Natural resources, ideologies. Introduction Kardo RACHED Sakarya University, Turkey startedIn the showingwake of interest the Second in the MiddleWorld East.War E-mail: [email protected] With(WWII), Harry the Truman’s United States uncompromised of America (US)sup- Salam ABDULRAHMAN port for the newly created state in Palestine, University of Human Development, Iraq Israel, the Middle-East became an essential E-mail: [email protected] part of the US global policy. The US isolation policy that advocated non-involvement in Issue 34, January 2021, pp. 45-65 entanglement in international politics dur- Conflict Studies Quarterly ingthe theEuropean 1930s, andgave Asian space conflicts to Britain, and France, non- DOI: 10.24193/csq.34.3 and Germany to act actively and indepen- Published First Online: 05 January /2021 dently in the Middle East. However, the dev- 45 Conflict Studies Quarterly astating economic consequences of the WWI and its impact on the US economy pushed WWII, a radical change occurred in the USpolicy towards the Middle- East to preserve itsthe vital policymakers security interests in this country there. Three to rethink essential their pillars isolationist have played policy. aIn crucial the aftermath role in the of US Middle East post-war policy: 1. Preventing the Soviet threat and its impact on the region, 2. Keeping Israel secure, 3. TheMaintaining Concept of Civilisationstability in the and area American to ensure Foreign oil flow Policy to the US and the West. The 20th century can also be called the American century. In the second half of the 20thcentury, the US became dominant in world politics and the global economy. US dominance was based on a combination of economic, political, and military power and on an ideology that the US stands for values that the world should take to heart. To recall ex-president“There is George a value W. system Bush youafter cannot the 11/9/2001 compromise assault, with, who and itsaid: is the values we salute. Moreover, if these values are good enough for our people, they should also be good enough for others, not to impose it because they are God-created values. They are values of freedom and human rights and maternal love for th The Americantheir children power (Andersen, in the second 2003, half pp. of the46-47)”. 20 century was used to promote American communism. It has indeed been the US self-perception that they must subjugate the values worldwide, first in a showdown with Nazism and Japanese militarism, then with Bush said in the presidential campaign in 2000, “Our nation is chosen by God and com- non-civilized areas and give them part of American values (Rose, 2000). As George W. missionedDuring the by Cold history War, to American be a model politicians to the world” managed (Nielsen, to convince 2003). many traditionally of life. We may also remember that America helped to motivate European counties after WWIIisolationist to establish (Nye, 2014) a military Americans alliance that to communism defend their was common a threat interests. to the American In 1948, waythis alliance was first called the Western Union and later became known as NATO (Yost, defence2014). International program and responsibility foreign policy. and There participation was a radical in NATO change were in American observed security reverse andorder Middle the US East wanted policy to when make Ronald the world Reagan safe, came but to also power because because it was Reagan’s part of view US self-was that the war against communism must be won at any cost. Therefore, the war against communism had priority over all other things. 46 Issue 34, January 2021 Since the Second World War, the US government has faced many problems in the Middle East, among which was the continuing conflict between the Zionist state in Palestine stilland activethe Arab in thestates. region, This the conflict Arab countrieswas the reason were ledwhy by the conservatives. Arab world becameHowever, divided in the between conservative and radical states. In 1945, when the European influence was following decades, the power was taken over by radical forces in Syria (l949), Egypt (1952), and Iraq (1958). In the middle of the 1960s, Palestinians in exile founded the group known as the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), which aimed to work forFollowing the formation this, the of US a Palestinian government state developed (Spiegel, three 1985). primary objectives in the Middle East. First, it defended the right of Israel to exist. Behind this attitude were mainly domestic political pressure, humanitarian and theological terms, and the need for a reliable strategic ally in the region. Second, it supported peace in the region on the as- sumption that war and unrest would allow the Soviet Union to gain political or military influence. Finally, the US continually sought to reduce the spread of revolutionary Arab withnationalism the power for thebalance sake thatof Western existed strategic between and Israel, economic the conservative interests, includingArab states, access and theto oil radical and preventing Arab states, Moscow the US policiesfrom gaining often soughtpolitical to influence strengthen (Rubin, both Israel2002). and Faced the conservative Arabs. Truman and Eisenhower’s Middle East policy recognitionThe first US Presidentof the new to state. recognise The president Israel as aparticipated state was Harry as a facilitator Truman. On when May Israel 14, 1948, was after an eleven-minute meeting with the Zionist leaders, he officially announced his Zionist claim that 100,000 Jewish refugees should be allowed to immigrate to Palestine, atfounded the same during time his thousands first presidential of Palestinians term. Inwere August forced 1945, to leave he publicly their homeland. supported After the the presidential election in 1948, Truman pledged the US support for Israel and granted worsening of the US relationship with the Arab governments and those who opposed a loan of $90 million (Bar-Siman-Tov, 1998). His support for Israel was the cause of the the extensive immigration to the Jewish state in Palestine. For the first time, terrorists- tractedcarried aout great a bomb sentiment attack of on anti-Americanism. the American theatre Thus, in the Cairo, US was in which seen as five a Neo-Colonial people were power,killed. Truman’s replacing support the old forEuropean Israel also colonialists. challenged the Arab nationalist ideology and at After Truman, Eisenhower came to power at a time when the centre of gravity in the of Egypt with a pan-Arabism ideology depicted the Western countries and the US as US-Soviet rivalry moved to the Middle East thanks to the Nasser who was the president 47 Conflict Studies Quarterly needed to convince the Arabs that the US policy was impartial and neutral, while at the mainsame reasontime, he for was the trying Arab nation’shard to placatebackwardness the Arab (Robby, states 2020).so much Then, that Eisenhower they would refrain from providing facilities to the Soviet Union. It was clear that unrest would lead to afriendly weakening governments of Western in influence the Middle in the East, region especially and possibly those threatenedincrease Soviet by the influence Soviet Union’s(Spiegel, expansionist 1985). In March foreign 1957, policy. Eisenhower The doctrine pledged was intendedfinancial aidto: and troop support 1. Prevent Moscow from gaining a foothold in the Middle East, 2. Placate growing nationalism and control modernisation, and 3. The Maintainproblem accesswith Eisenhower’s to oil and otherwise doctrine stabilise was that the it gave region the (Yaqub, US the right2006). to interfere in the entire region with no regard for the Arab National sovereignty. His doctrine did not improve US relations with the Arab world because the doctrine was utterly contrary to Arab interests. There was widespread support in the Arab world for the Egyptian leader Nasser, Israel’s primary opponent. He led a media campaign against the conservative states of the Arab world, such as Jordan and Saudi Arabia. There was a popular rebellion against King Hussein, and the rebels were about to overthrow his regime. However, Eisenhower sent $10 million as emergency aid and moved the US Navy to the Mediterranean to prepare for a possible military intervention in Jordan. Jordan was essential for the United States because King Hussein had a moderate policy Johntowards F. Kennedy Israel, and and he Arabwas against nationalism nationalism (Spiller, 1981). The American relations with the radical Arab states were beginning to improve during the presidential term of John F. Kennedy, who had a subjective understanding of Arab by sending diplomats to Cairo. The Arabs initially rejected his plan for the Middle East nationalism. He was the first president who was seeking a rapprochement with Nasser Israelibecause plan. he proposed As the mid-term to finance elections the settlement of 1962 approached, of Palestinian Kennedy refugees eased in Iraq the and US Syria.pres- The proposal, which was justified by Israel’s overpopulation problems, looked like an Richardsure on Israel, Nixon and and the the refugee Cold War crisis remained unresolved (Spiegel, 1985).
Recommended publications
  • Picking the Vice President

    Picking the Vice President

    Picking the Vice President Elaine C. Kamarck Brookings Institution Press Washington, D.C. Contents Introduction 4 1 The Balancing Model 6 The Vice Presidency as an “Arranged Marriage” 2 Breaking the Mold 14 From Arranged Marriages to Love Matches 3 The Partnership Model in Action 20 Al Gore Dick Cheney Joe Biden 4 Conclusion 33 Copyright 36 Introduction Throughout history, the vice president has been a pretty forlorn character, not unlike the fictional vice president Julia Louis-Dreyfus plays in the HBO seriesVEEP . In the first episode, Vice President Selina Meyer keeps asking her secretary whether the president has called. He hasn’t. She then walks into a U.S. senator’s office and asks of her old colleague, “What have I been missing here?” Without looking up from her computer, the senator responds, “Power.” Until recently, vice presidents were not very interesting nor was the relationship between presidents and their vice presidents very consequential—and for good reason. Historically, vice presidents have been understudies, have often been disliked or even despised by the president they served, and have been used by political parties, derided by journalists, and ridiculed by the public. The job of vice president has been so peripheral that VPs themselves have even made fun of the office. That’s because from the beginning of the nineteenth century until the last decade of the twentieth century, most vice presidents were chosen to “balance” the ticket. The balance in question could be geographic—a northern presidential candidate like John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts picked a southerner like Lyndon B.
  • America's Longest

    America's Longest

    AMERICA’S LONGEST WAR I. Why did the U.S. send troops to Vietnam? A. Ho Chi Minh defeated the French in 1954 and Vietnam was split into North and South. B. North Vietnam was led by Communist Ho Chi Minh- South Vietnam was led by U.S. backed Diem. C. Many South Vietnamese opposed U.S. backed Diem. D. Vietcong were South Vietnamese guerrillas who were backed by the North and fought against the South’s government E. President John F. Kennedy believed in the Domino Theory, the idea that if one Southeast Asian country fell to communism, the rest would also, like a row of dominos. F. In 1961, he sent military advisors to help Diem fight the Vietcong G. 1963- Lyndon Johnson became President and sent more aid to South Vietnam H. 1964- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- after a U.S. ship is attacked, Congress passed this which allowed President Johnson to take “all necessary measures” to prevent another attack I. Thus, the war escalated and by 1968 there were over 500,000 troops fighting in the Vietnam War. J. American soldiers faced many hardships fighting a “guerilla war” in jungle terrain, going on search and destroy missions. A Viet Cong prisoner awaits interrogation at a Special Forces detachment in Thuong Duc, Vietnam, 15 miles (25 km) west of Danang, January 1967 Troops of the 1st Air Cavalry Division check houses while patrolling an area 25 miles (40 km) north of Qui Nhon as part of Operation Thayer, October 1966. The mission was designed to clear out a mountain range where two battalions of North Vietnamese were believed to be preparing for an attack on an airstrip.
  • ABSTRACT POLITICAL (IN)DISCRETION: HILLARY CLINTON's RESPONSE to the LEWINSKY SCANDAL by Kelsey Snyder Through an Examination

    ABSTRACT POLITICAL (IN)DISCRETION: HILLARY CLINTON's RESPONSE to the LEWINSKY SCANDAL by Kelsey Snyder Through an Examination

    ABSTRACT POLITICAL (IN)DISCRETION: HILLARY CLINTON’S RESPONSE TO THE LEWINSKY SCANDAL by Kelsey Snyder Through an examination of gender, politics, and media during the time of the Lewinsky scandal, this project shows that conversations about the first lady shifted throughout 1998. Just after the allegations were made public, the press and American people fought against the forthright position that Hillary took; the expectations of traditional first ladies they had known before were not met. After facing backlash via the press, the first lady receded to more acceptably defined notions of her actions, based largely in late 20th century conservative definitions of appropriate gender roles. By the end of 1998, consideration of a run for the Senate and increased public support for her more traditional image provided a compromise for Hillary Rodham Clinton’s public image. Having finally met the expectations of the nation, the press spoke less of the first lady in comparison to family values and almost exclusively by means of her political abilities. POLITICAL (IN)DISCRETION: HILLARY CLINTON’S RESPONSE TO THE LEWINSKY SCANDAL A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Department of History by Kelsey Snyder Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2015 Advisor __________________________________________ Kimberly Hamlin Reader ___________________________________________ Marguerite Shaffer Reader ___________________________________________ Monica Schneider TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • President William J. Clinton

    President William J. Clinton

    President William J. Clinton RECIPIENT OF THE 2005 JIMMY AND ROSALYNN CARTER AWARD FOR HUMANITARIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HEALTH OF HUMANKIND ill Clinton has been committed to story. HIV infects forty million people worldwide. battling the HIV/AIDS epidemic, Twenty-five million have died. In many places even before he was elected the epidemic is undermining social, economic, President. As a candidate in 1991, he and political stability. Many countries lack both repeatedly called for all-out efforts funds and the public health infrastructure Bto “turn back the tide of AIDS.” needed to implement effective prevention, care, Since leaving the White House, President and treatment to turn the tide. In response to this Clinton has continued his efforts to combat aids, challenge, President Clinton has made the focusing on bringing large-scale care and HIV/AIDS Initiative a focal point of the William treatment programs to developing countries. The Jefferson Clinton Foundation: “Science has Clinton Foundation HIV/ AIDS Initiative, established in 2002, has become a major player in the global effort to expand access to care and treatment in the developing world. In acknowledgement of this work, Bill Clinton has been named this year’s recipient of The Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter Award for provided us with the knowledge and tools we Humanitarian Contributions to the Health of need to turn the tide of this pandemic. It is time Humankind. for us as political leaders and citizens to put During his administration, President Clinton them to use. Lives that could be spared will be pushed for increased funding for AIDS research lost and it will be impossible for these countries and speedier Food and Drug Administration to achieve their goals for social and economic approval of AIDS drugs.
  • US Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War

    US Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War

    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 4-29-2014 U.S. Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era: A Case Study Analysis of Presidential Decision Making Dennis N. Ricci University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Ricci, Dennis N., "U.S. Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era: A Case Study Analysis of Presidential Decision Making" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 364. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/364 U.S. Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era: A Case-Study Analysis of Presidential Decision Making Dennis N. Ricci, Ph.D. University of Connecticut 2014 ABSTRACT The primary focus of this study is to explain presidential decision making, specifically whether to intervene militarily or not in a given circumstance in the Post-Cold War era. First, we define military intervention as the deployment of troops and weaponry in active military engagement (not peacekeeping). The cases in which we are interested involve the actual or intended use of force (“boots on the ground”), in other words, not drone attacks or missile strikes. Thus, we substantially reduce the number of potential cases by excluding several limited uses of force against Iraq, Sudan, and Afghanistan in the 1990s. Given the absence of a countervailing force or major power to serve as deterrent, such as the Soviet enemy in the Cold War period, there are potentially two types of military interventions: (1) humanitarian intervention designed to stop potential genocide and other atrocities and (2) the pre-emptive reaction to terrorism or other threats, such as under the Bush Doctrine.
  • Balz, It’S Been a Great Hour and a Half, Thank You So Much for This

    Balz, It’S Been a Great Hour and a Half, Thank You So Much for This

    The Election of 2004 – Collective Memory Project Interviewee: Dan Balz Chief Correspondent at The Washington Post In 2004 – National Political Correspondent for The Washington Post Interviewer: Dr. Michael Nelson Fulmer Professor of Political Science Rhodes College January 6, 2014 Disclaimer: This transcription has been prepared according to the strictest practices of the academic and transcription communities and offers our best good-faith effort at reproducing in text our subject's spoken words. In all cases, however, the video of this interview represents the definitive version of the words spoken by interviewees. Q: Dan, you’ve been covering campaigns for president since when? BALZ: Nineteen eighty is really when I started, although I was the political editor at the Post for the ’80 campaign, so I was more in the newsroom than out. But I’ve been doing them ever since. Q: Eighty-four, ’88? BALZ: Eighty-four, ’88, again, I was an editor that year, and then from ’92 forward, purely as a reporter. Q: I might ask you, what’s the difference in perspective you have from being an editor, and being out there in the field? BALZ: Well, there’s no substitute for being out there in the field, (laughter) I think, is the simplest way to put it. I mean, when you’re an editor, you know, you’re obviously thinking about the coverage, kind of, in its totality, and part of it is a logistical exercise, just making sure your reporters are in the right places, that the coverage is looking at all aspects of the campaign at any given moment.
  • From Bill Clinton to Joe Biden Alexander Springer

    From Bill Clinton to Joe Biden Alexander Springer

    C.IAS Lectures Series: Inter-American History and Culture U.S. LATIN AMERICA POLICY: From Bill Clinton to Joe Biden Alexander Springer Bill Clinton (1993-2001), George W. Bush (2001-2009), Barack Obama (2009-2017), Donald Trump (2017-2021) and Joe Biden (2021- ) Bill Clinton was the first President elected after the end of the Cold War. US power was at its zenith. The first Summit of the Americas in Miami (1994) with its commitment to democracy and development embodied optimism. Nevertheless, the less unequal part- nership many had hoped for never quite materialized, as new topics (“War on Terror” under G. W. Bush; “Pivot to Asia” under B. Obama) replaced Latin America on Washing- ton’s agenda. A low point was probably reached with D. Trump, who not only used the fear of illegal migration and Latino gangs as an opportunity for negative campaigning. J. Biden has only been president for 100 days, but at least the tone seems to have become less confrontational. However, the migration issue still seems to drive most U.S. interest in its Southern neighborhood. Alexander Springer is a diplomat, who currently serves as Deputy Director of the Ameri- cas Department at the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was previously posted to the Austrian embassies in Brussels, Madrid, Brasilia, and Bogota. He taught international relations at the Universidad de los Andes in Bogota (Colombia) and at the University of Vienna. He has lectured at several universities and at the Diplomatic Academy Vienna. Wednesday 5 May 2021 18.45h Willi-Gaisch-Saal (06.01), Universitätsplatz 6, EG https://unimeet.uni-graz.at/b/cwi-7e3-klh-qdk In Kooperation mit dem Forschungs- und Kulturverein für Kontinentalamerika und die Karibik (KonaK) .
  • GCSE History: the Cold W Ar Topic 3: Détente and End Of

    GCSE History: the Cold W Ar Topic 3: Détente and End Of

    Summary Key Vocabulary Although the invasion of Czechoslovakia had strained USA-USSR ‘Relaxing of tensions’. Particularly from 1970-79, both the USA Détente relations, the 1970s was a decade of clear détente; both sides made and USSR were willing to work with each other. several important agreements such as USA pulling out of the Afghan In 1978, Soviet-backed Afghan communists took over the country, Vietnam War in 1973, and the Helsinki Agreement 1975 which Revolution but struggled to get enough support amongst Afghans. guaranteed human rights and the borders of all countries in Europe. The Islamic extremists who were fighting in the Afghan Civil War Mujahideen Détente ended in 1979 when Brezhnev made the decision to against communism. They were given funds/supplies by the USA. invade Afghanistan to support the communist government against A form of warfare where small group of rebels use ambushes and guerrilla Islamic extremists. The US public reacted by voting for Ronald hit-and-run tactics to fight a larger army. The Mujahideen used warfare Reagan who followed a hardline stance against the USSR, calling it this against the USSR, and the Vietcong used it against the USA. an ’evil empire’ and increasing US military spending. The refusal to pay for/attend something. The USA boycotted the boycott By the mid-1980s, the USSR had massive debts from the Afghan Moscow Olympics; the USSR boycotted Los Angeles 4 years later. GCSE History: The Cold War Cold The History: GCSE War. The final leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, promised massive ratify A treaty/agreement does not become law until it is ratified.
  • Illusion That Used Their Visages (1966, ``I Think I Know That Face ...'' Nature 384 404) to Make a Simple Point About Face Recognition

    Illusion That Used Their Visages (1966, ``I Think I Know That Face ...'' Nature 384 404) to Make a Simple Point About Face Recognition

    Perception, 2002, volume 31, page 133 DOI:10.1068/p3101no Last but not least `United' we stand A little before Bill Clinton and Al Gore's re-election for a second term in office we had presented an illusion that used their visages (1966, ``I think I know that face ...'' Nature 384 404) to make a simple point about face recognition. Titled ``Democrat Coalition'', the illusion showed a seemingly unremarkable picture of Clinton and Gore standing side by side. Interestingly, however, closer inspection revealed that Gore's internal facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth) had been digitally supplanted by Clinton's. The scientific point behind the image related to the nature of facial encoding used by the brain for identification of individuals. Unlike many computer vision systems and models of face processing that rely on fine details of the internal features and their precise spatial configuration, the encoding used by the human visual system appears to emphasize the whole head structure. With the change of the administration in the White House, and the imminent publication of new editions of the books in which the illusion was reproduced, we have been urged by several colleagues to update the illusion. The new version (``Republican Coalition''?) is shown above (with color version on the web at http://perceptionweb.com/ perc0102/sinha.html). Vice-president Dick Cheney's face has been given President Bush's internal features (and their original configuration in the President's face). Most na|«ve observers see this as a run-of-the-mill picture of the two men. Even upon being told of the embedded digital alteration, some have trouble convincing themselves that the two do indeed have identical eyes, noses, and mouths.
  • Barack Obama the Pursuit of Identity EPISODE TRANSCRIPT

    Barack Obama the Pursuit of Identity EPISODE TRANSCRIPT

    Barack Obama The pursuit of identity EPISODE TRANSCRIPT Listen to Presidential at http://wapo.st/presidential This transcript was run through an automated transcription service and then lightly edited for clarity. There may be typos or small discrepancies from the podcast audio. BARRACK OBAMA CLIP: I stand here knowing that my story is part of the larger American story -- that I owe a debt to all of those who came before me and that in no other country on Earth is my story even possible. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: This is Barack Obama in 2004 before he had held any national political office. Four years later, he would be elected the first black president of the United States. BARRACK OBAMA: Our pride is based on a very simple premise, summed up in a declaration made over 200 years ago: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident. That all men are created equal. That they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights. That among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.’ That is the true genius of America. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: I'm Lillian Cunningham with The Washington Post, and this is the 43rd episode of “Presidential.” PRESIDENTIAL THEME MUSIC LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: This isn't our very final episode of the series, but it is our last episode chronicling the people who've served already as president of the United States. So, I think it's fitting that, in this episode, we come full circle to a question that we've really been asking since the very beginning, which is, 'Who are we?' Well, that question -- 'Who am I?' -- is essentially at the very core of Obama's own personal story.
  • Friends, Foes, and Future Directions: U.S. Partnerships in a Turbulent World: Strategic Rethink

    Friends, Foes, and Future Directions: U.S. Partnerships in a Turbulent World: Strategic Rethink

    STRATEGIC RETHINK FRIENDS, FOES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS U.S. Partnerships in a Turbulent World Hans Binnendijk C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1210 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9220-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report is the third in a series of volumes in which RAND explores the elements of a national strategy for the conduct of U.S.
  • Strategic Deterrence Research Papers, 2016

    Strategic Deterrence Research Papers, 2016

    Strategic Deterrence Research Papers Academic Year 2016 Edited by Dr. Mel Deaile Mr. Al Mauroni US Air Force Center for Unconventional Weapons Studies Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama . STRATEGIC DETERRENCE RESEARCH PAPERS Academic Year 2016 Edited by Dr. Mel Deaile Mr. Al Mauroni USAF Center for Unconventional Weapons Studies 125 Chennault Circle Maxwell AFB, Alabama 36112-6427 August 2016 Disclaimer The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Air University, the Air Force, or Department of Defense. ii Contents Chapter Page Disclaimer .............................................................................................. ii Preface ..................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 2 Keeping up with the Neighbors: Nonproliferation and Implementation of UNSCR 1540 ............................................................ 5 Sean F. Conroy 3 The Future of Strategic Arms Control: Maintain Our Weight, Trim the Fat, or Reduce Muscle Mass? ................................................ 29 Christopher J. Russell 4 Ensuring Strategic Stability in the Second Nuclear Age ........................ 47 Robert T. Ewers 5 Extending the US Nuclear Deterrence Umbrella to the Middle East ................................................................................. 65