DOCSLIB.ORG

The Messiah Must Suffer According to the Scriptures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Messiah Must Suffer According to the Scriptures The Messiah Must Suffer According to the Scriptures: A Study of the Unique Statements in Luke-Acts A thesis submitted to the faculty of the Athenaeum of Ohio/Mount St. Mary’s Seminary of the West in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts (Biblical Studies) By Christopher M. Komoroski Cincinnati, Ohio December 2019 Abstract The unique and repeated statement that the “Messiah must suffer according to the Scriptures” in Luke-Acts is an unsolved mystery. There are no specific references to which Scriptures are being fulfilled when this statement is made. The purpose of this study is to explore the internal evidence in Luke-Acts for the Scriptures used to support this statement. This is accomplished through the application of an intertextual method. Three proposed systems which scholars have investigated are explored: first, the Suffering Servant in Isaiah; second, the suffering prophets of Israel and the prophet-like- Moses of Deuteronomy 18; third, the righteous sufferer in the Psalms, who is assumed to be royal David. The project concludes that all three of these motifs can be understood as present in a significant way in Luke-Acts, each with its own particular usage. This thesis by Christopher M. Komoroski fulfills the thesis requirement for the master’s degree in Biblical Studies and is approved by: Advisor: Fr. Timothy Schehr, Ph. D. Readers: Mr. Marco Mulattieri, S.S.L. Fr. Ryan Ruiz, S.L.D. iii Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Suffering Servant of Isaiah Motif ................................................................... 10 Who Is the Servant? .................................................................................................... 10 Suffering Servant in Luke ........................................................................................... 12 Suffering Servant in Acts ............................................................................................ 18 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 23 Chapter 2: Suffering Prophets and Prophet-like-Moses Motif ......................................... 25 Jesus as Prophet .......................................................................................................... 26 Suffering Prophets ...................................................................................................... 28 Prophet-like-Moses ..................................................................................................... 33 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 39 Chapter 3: Suffering Davidic Motif .................................................................................. 40 The Psalms Within the Gospel (Before the Passion Narrative) .................................. 41 The Psalms in the Passion Narrative ........................................................................... 43 The Psalms in the Speeches in Acts ............................................................................ 48 Peter’s Pentecost Speech (Acts 2:14-36) .............................................................. 49 Peter’s Speech Before the Council (Acts 4:1-31) ................................................. 51 Paul’s Speech in Pisidian Antioch (Acts 13:13-41) .............................................. 55 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 57 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 59 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 61 iv Introduction Luke, in his two-part work of Luke and Acts, speaks of a suffering Messiah, Jesus Christ. While all of the New Testament writers were interested in writing about Jesus, who became the suffering Messiah, Luke, uniquely of all of the New Testament writers, was very interested in asserting that the Messiah needed to suffer, and that that fact is supported by the Hebrew Scriptures. None of the other writers speak of the relationship between the Scriptures and the Messiah when it comes to suffering in the same way as Luke does.1 There are five statements throughout Luke-Acts which refer specifically to the necessity of a suffering Messiah according to the Scriptures.2 All of these statements are found in the post-Resurrection period. Therefore, there is an element in this latter half of Luke-Acts of looking back and interpreting the past events of Jesus’ suffering and Resurrection according to the Scriptures. There are, of course, points throughout the Gospel at which it is communicated that Jesus will suffer in the future. The fact that Jesus is the Messiah is also hinted at and even explicitly (though rarely) stated throughout the Gospel, as well. But there is no point before these five post-Resurrection statements in which the following three ideas combined: (1) Jesus’ Messiahship, (2) the necessity of the suffering of the Messiah, and (3) the idea that the Messiah’s necessary suffering is attested to by the Scriptures. 1 There are other parts of the New Testament that make similar claims about Jesus’ suffering Messiahship. 1 Peter 1:10-11 speaks of the prophets, who predicted “the sufferings of Christ and the subsequent glory.” However, Luke is peculiar in his continual return to the idea, placing very similar words in the mouth of Jesus in the Gospel and in the preachers of Acts of the Apostles, Peter and Paul. This emphasis leads us to consider how Luke, with a particular use of Scriptural citations and allusions, is making a unique point when compared to the other NT writers (though this comparison does not occur here, since it is outside the scope of this project). 2 Luke 24:26; 24:46; Acts 3:18, 24; 17:3; 26:23. While some other passages have many elements of these statements (e.g. Acts 2:23; 13:27-29), they do not have all of the criteria contained in these statements. The criteria are explained below. 1 The first statement appears in the Emmaus story, in which a disguised Jesus joins two disciples leaving Jerusalem on the day of the Resurrection. The disciples remark that Jesus had been killed and there were some inexplicable testimonies from the morning which possibly meant that He was alive. Jesus then remarks: “O foolish men, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! Was it not necessary (ἔδει) that the Christ (τὸν Χριστὸν) should suffer (παθεῖν) these things and enter into his glory?” And beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures (πάσαις ταῖς γραφαῖ) the things concerning himself.3 The three previously mentioned elements are present here. First, Jesus is plainly referred to as the Christ (Χριστός). Second, the necessity of the suffering (usually a form of the verb “to suffer” [πάσχω]) is expressed in the use of “it is necessary” (here: ἔδει). Third, the Scriptures (“writings,” plural of γραφή) are twice referred to, through what the prophets spoke and the reference to the “writings.” The curious part, however, is this: that the Scriptures that are explained are not explicit. Which Scriptures were interpreted? At this point, “Luke does not search the Old Testament for references to individual events…,”4 nor does he with the other four statements that we will examine. On the exploration of this curiosity, we can introduce two points that will be revisited in the other statements. First, it is the interpretation that is crucial. Jesus does not fault the disciples for not knowing the Scriptures. He remarks that it is the belief of “the things” predicted by the Scriptures that was lacking, a belief which involves many steps. The knowledge of the Scriptures, the knowledge of the events, the interpretation linking the two, and the 3 Luke 24:25-27. All biblical citations taken from The Ignatius Bible: Revised Standard Version, Second Catholic Edition (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005), unless otherwise noted. 4 Eduard Schweizer, The Good News According to Luke, trans. David E. Green (Atlanta, GA: John Knox Press, 1984), 371. 2 assent to the interpretation (i.e. acknowledging that the interpretation represents the reality of the situation) are the needed elements. It is the interpretation of the recent events in light of what had been previously stated in the Hebrew Scriptures that Jesus explores. The interpretation has to do specifically with Jesus’ identity. The two disciples acknowledged Jesus’ identity as a “prophet mighty in deed and word” (Luke 24:19) and give voice to their own hope that he was the Messiah (“the one to redeem Israel;” Luke 24:21). Jesus then invites them to consider Him as the suffering Messiah, using Scriptural evidence combined with knowledge of the events of the Passion and Resurrection. Second, that while explicit Scriptures are not mentioned, there are many hints which can be gleaned. The prophets are mentioned twice in this pericope. Moses, also, is mentioned by name. But all the Scriptures (πάσαις ταῖς γραφαῖς) are mentioned as well, which covers the whole gamut of the Hebrew Scriptures. With the previous inclusion of Moses and the prophets, we can initially assume that Jesus took “principally from
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ministry of Jesus the Messiah” 3-13-16 Joel Breidenbaugh (Luke 3-21) Intro
    FBS “The Ministry of Jesus the Messiah” 3-13-16 Joel Breidenbaugh (Luke 3-21) Intro. Today we begin a 4-part series entitled “Jesus the Messiah” from the Gospel of Luke. It will take us just past Easter as our main focus will be the crucifixion & resurrection of Jesus the Messiah (hence, the cross & tomb up here on stage). To help set that context, I want to do an overview of Luke 3-21 on “The Ministry of Jesus the Messiah.” When you think about ministry, it is quite common to think of ministers. I heard about how a group of ministers and a salesman’s organization were holding conventions in the same hotel, and the catering department had to work at top speed serving dinners to both. The salesmen were having spiked watermelon for dessert. But the chef discovered that it was being served to the ministers by mistake. “Quick!” he commanded a waiter. “Bring it back!” The waiter returned, reporting that it was too late. The ministers were already eating the liquor-spiced treat. “Do they like it?” asked the chef. “Don’t know,” replied the waiter, “but they’re putting the seeds in their pockets” (Quoted Magazine). Ministry can be wearisome enough that one might turn to such things to dull the pain, but the high mark of ministry is in following in our Lord’s footsteps. Let’s read a few select passages to set the stage for “The Ministry of Jesus the Messiah.” Theme: Christ’s ministry Background: You know the first couple of chapters of Luke better than these chapters we’re looking at today—news about the births of John the Baptist & Jesus, Jesus’ presentation in the temple & teaching to astound the religious leaders at the age of twelve.
    [Show full text]
  • Theodicy: an Overview
    1 Theodicy: An Overview Introduction All of us struggle at one time or another in life with why evil happens to someone, either ourselves, our family, our friends, our nation, or perhaps some particularly disturbing instance in the news—a child raped, a school shooting, genocide in another country, a terrorist bombing. The following material is meant to give an overview of the discussion of this issue as it takes place in several circles, especially that of the Christian church. I. The Problem of Evil Defined Three terms, "the problem of evil," "theodicy," and "defense" are important to our discussion. The first two are often used as synonyms, but strictly speaking the problem of evil is the larger issue of which theodicy is a subset because one can have a secular problem of evil. Evil is understood as a problem when we seek to explain why it exists (Unde malum?) and what its relationship is to the world as a whole. Indeed, something might be considered evil when it calls into question our basic trust in the order and structure of our world. Peter Berger in particular has argued that explanations of evil are necessary for social structures to stay themselves against chaotic forces. It follows, then, that such an explanation has an impact on the whole person. As David Blumenthal observes, a good theodicy is one that has three characteristics: 1. "[I]t should leave one with one’s sense of reality intact." (It tells the truth about reality.) 2. "[I]t should leave one empowered within the intellectual-moral system in which one lives." (Namely, it should not deny God’s basic power or goodness.) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Georg Friedrich Händel
    GEORG FRIEDRICH HÄNDEL ~ ORATORIUM JOSHUA This live recording is part of a cycle of oratorios, masses and other grand works, performed in the basilica of Maulbronn Abbey under the direction of Jürgen Budday. The series combines authentically perfor- Die vorliegende Konzertaufnahme ist Teil eines Zyklus von Oratorien und med oratorios and masses with the optimal acoustics and atmosphere Messen, die Jürgen Budday im Rahmen der Klosterkonzerte Maulbronn über of this unique monastic church. This ideal location demands the trans- mehrere Jahre hinweg aufführte. Die Reihe verbindet Musik in historischer parency of playing and the interpretive unveiling of the rhetoric intima- Aufführungspraxis mit dem akustisch und atmosphärisch optimal geeigne- tions of the composition, which is especially aided by the historically ten Raum der einzigartigen Klosterkirche des Weltkulturerbes Kloster Maul- informed performance. The music is exclusively performed on recon- bronn. Dieser Idealort verlangt geradezu nach der Durchsichtigkeit des Mu- structed historical instruments, which are tuned to the pitch customary sizierens und der interpretatorischen Freilegung der rhetorischen Gestik der in the composer‘s lifetimes (this performance is tuned in a‘ = 415 Hz). Komposition, wie sie durch die historische Aufführungspraxis in besonderer Weise gewährleistet ist. So wird ausschließlich mit rekonstruierten histori- schen Instrumenten musiziert, die in den zu Lebzeiten der Komponisten üb- lichen Tonhöhen gestimmt sind (in dieser Aufführung a‘ = 415 Hz). FURTHER INFORMATION TO THIS PUBLICATION AND THE WHOLE CATALOGUE UNDER WWW.KUK-ART.COM Publishing Authentic Classical Concerts entails for us capturing and recording for posterity out- standing performances and concerts. The performers, audience, opus and room enter into an inti- mate dialogue that in its form and expression, its atmosphere, is unique and unrepeatable.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ANNUAL REPORT July 1,1996-June 30,1997 Main Office Washington Office The Harold Pratt House 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021 Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (212) 434-9400; Fax (212) 861-1789 Tel. (202) 518-3400; Fax (202) 986-2984 Website www. foreignrela tions. org e-mail publicaffairs@email. cfr. org OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, 1997-98 Officers Directors Charlayne Hunter-Gault Peter G. Peterson Term Expiring 1998 Frank Savage* Chairman of the Board Peggy Dulany Laura D'Andrea Tyson Maurice R. Greenberg Robert F Erburu Leslie H. Gelb Vice Chairman Karen Elliott House ex officio Leslie H. Gelb Joshua Lederberg President Vincent A. Mai Honorary Officers Michael P Peters Garrick Utley and Directors Emeriti Senior Vice President Term Expiring 1999 Douglas Dillon and Chief Operating Officer Carla A. Hills Caryl R Haskins Alton Frye Robert D. Hormats Grayson Kirk Senior Vice President William J. McDonough Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. Paula J. Dobriansky Theodore C. Sorensen James A. Perkins Vice President, Washington Program George Soros David Rockefeller Gary C. Hufbauer Paul A. Volcker Honorary Chairman Vice President, Director of Studies Robert A. Scalapino Term Expiring 2000 David Kellogg Cyrus R. Vance Jessica R Einhorn Vice President, Communications Glenn E. Watts and Corporate Affairs Louis V Gerstner, Jr. Abraham F. Lowenthal Hanna Holborn Gray Vice President and Maurice R. Greenberg Deputy National Director George J. Mitchell Janice L. Murray Warren B. Rudman Vice President and Treasurer Term Expiring 2001 Karen M. Sughrue Lee Cullum Vice President, Programs Mario L. Baeza and Media Projects Thomas R.
    [Show full text]
  • Handel's Oratorios and the Culture of Sentiment By
    Virtue Rewarded: Handel’s Oratorios and the Culture of Sentiment by Jonathan Rhodes Lee A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Music in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Davitt Moroney, Chair Professor Mary Ann Smart Professor Emeritus John H. Roberts Professor George Haggerty, UC Riverside Professor Kevis Goodman Fall 2013 Virtue Rewarded: Handel’s Oratorios and the Culture of Sentiment Copyright 2013 by Jonathan Rhodes Lee ABSTRACT Virtue Rewarded: Handel’s Oratorios and the Culture of Sentiment by Jonathan Rhodes Lee Doctor of Philosophy in Music University of California, Berkeley Professor Davitt Moroney, Chair Throughout the 1740s and early 1750s, Handel produced a dozen dramatic oratorios. These works and the people involved in their creation were part of a widespread culture of sentiment. This term encompasses the philosophers who praised an innate “moral sense,” the novelists who aimed to train morality by reducing audiences to tears, and the playwrights who sought (as Colley Cibber put it) to promote “the Interest and Honour of Virtue.” The oratorio, with its English libretti, moralizing lessons, and music that exerted profound effects on the sensibility of the British public, was the ideal vehicle for writers of sentimental persuasions. My dissertation explores how the pervasive sentimentalism in England, reaching first maturity right when Handel committed himself to the oratorio, influenced his last masterpieces as much as it did other artistic products of the mid- eighteenth century. When searching for relationships between music and sentimentalism, historians have logically started with literary influences, from direct transferences, such as operatic settings of Samuel Richardson’s Pamela, to indirect ones, such as the model that the Pamela character served for the Ninas, Cecchinas, and other garden girls of late eighteenth-century opera.
    [Show full text]
  • HANDEL: Coronation Anthems Winner of the Gramophone Award for Cor16066 Best Baroque Vocal Album 2009
    CORO CORO HANDEL: Coronation Anthems Winner of the Gramophone Award for cor16066 Best Baroque Vocal Album 2009 “Overall, this disc ranks as The Sixteen’s most exciting achievement in its impressive Handel discography.” HANDEL gramophone Choruses HANDEL: Dixit Dominus cor16076 STEFFANI: Stabat Mater The Sixteen adds to its stunning Handel collection with a new recording of Dixit Dominus set alongside a little-known treasure – Agostino Steffani’s Stabat Mater. THE HANDEL COLLECTION cor16080 Eight of The Sixteen’s celebrated Handel recordings in one stylish boxed set. The Sixteen To find out more about CORO and to buy CDs visit HARRY CHRISTOPHERS www.thesixteen.com cor16180 He is quite simply the master of chorus and on this compilation there is much rejoicing. Right from the outset, a chorus of Philistines revel in Awake the trumpet’s lofty sound to celebrate Dagon’s festival in Samson; the Israelites triumph in their victory over Goliath with great pageantry in How excellent Thy name from Saul and we can all feel the exuberance of I will sing unto the Lord from Israel in Egypt. There are, of course, two Handel oratorios where the choruses dominate – Messiah and Israel in Egypt – and we have given you a taster of pure majesty in the Amen chorus from Messiah as well as the Photograph: Marco Borggreve Marco Photograph: dramatic ferocity of He smote all the first-born of Egypt from Israel in Egypt. Handel is all about drama; even though he forsook opera for oratorio, his innate sense of the theatrical did not leave him. Just listen to the poignancy of the opening of Act 2 from Acis and Galatea where the chorus pronounce the gloomy prospect of the lovers and the impending appearance of the monster Polyphemus; and the torment which the Israelites create in O God, behold our sore distress when Jephtha commands them to “invoke the holy name of Israel’s God”– it’s surely one of his greatest fugal choruses.
    [Show full text]
  • Isaiah Prophesies About a Suffering Servant
    SESSION FIVE Isaiah Prophesies About a Suffering Servant SESSION SUMMARY Hundreds of years before Christ was born, Isaiah prophesied about a mysterious Servant who would be rejected and despised, and bring salvation through His suffering. The early Christians believed this prophecy was made about Jesus and His life and work. As those who benefit from the service and suffering of Jesus, we now embrace a life of suffering and service on behalf of others. SCRIPTURE Isaiah 52:13–53:12 46 Leader Guide / Session 5 THE POINT Salvation comes through the suffering of God’s chosen servant. INTRO/STARTER 5-10 MINUTES Option 1 Rising to a massive 29,035 feet, Mount Everest holds the undisputed position of being the highest point on earth, rising 5½ miles above sea level. Standing on top of the majestic mountain makes climbers feel like they are on top of the world, with one foot in China and the other in Tibet. With winds exceeding 100 miles per hour and temperatures of -76 degrees Fahrenheit, even those who glimpse the unrivaled beauty of Everest’s summit cannot do so for long. There is simply more beauty than any single person can appreciate surrounding this majestic treasure of the East.1 Ascending from the pages of the Old Testament, Isaiah 53 stands as a spiritual Mount Everest pointing to the glory of Christ and the hope of eternal salvation. As we journey up this mountain, we encounter a prophetic picture all of us can appreciate, but none of us can exhaust. Despite being written 700 years before Jesus died on Golgotha’s hill, these verses position the reader at the foot of the cross and expound on the gospel by showing us the truth of substitutionary atonement.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding-And-Following-Jesus-عليه-السلام-The-Muslim-Claim-To-The
    f j ii d The Muslim Claim to the Messiah :ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم Finding and Following Jesus | 2 ​ Author Biography Dr. Shabbir Akhtar is a philosopher trained at Cambridge University. He has published widely on pluralism and race relations in Britain and on Islam’s and Christianity’s differing responses to modern secularism. His books include The ​ Light in the Enlightenment (1990) and Be Careful with Muhammad! (1989), a ​ classic critique of Salman Rushdie, as well as The Quran and the Secular Mind ​ (2007) and Islam as Political Religion (2010). He has also published three volumes ​ of poetry in English. In 2018, he published the first of a three-volume commentary on the Greek New Testament: The New Testament in Muslim Eyes: Paul's Letter to ​ the Galatians (Routledge). He is currently a member of the Faculty of Theology ​ and Religions at Oxford University. Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers and articles are strictly those of the authors. Furthermore, Yaqeen does not endorse any of the personal views of the authors on any platform. Our team is diverse on all fronts, allowing for constant, enriching dialogue that helps us produce high-quality research. Copyright © 2018. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research The Muslim Claim to the Messiah :ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم Finding and Following Jesus | 3 ​ and the House of Abraham Divided ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم I. Jesus ​ Christians do not care much when Muslims tell them that the prophets of the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) are also prophets of Islam. They care a great deal when ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم they find out that Jesus ​ , their special savior, is a revered prophet in the Qur’an.
    [Show full text]
  • 6-3 Fretheim.Pdf
    Word & World 6/3 (1986) Copyright © 1986 by Word & World, Luther Seminary, St. Paul, MN. All rights reserved. page 256 The Color of God: Israel’s God-Talk and Life Experience TERENCE E. FRETHEIM Luther Northwestern Theological Seminary, St. Paul, Minnesota How can we speak meaningfully and responsibly of God in an increasingly complex and secularized world? Has our everyday experience taken on such a mundane character that, for a great many people within and without the church, traditional talk about God no longer seems pertinent? Or, to put the question another way: Has much of our traditional talk about God become so unrelated to the everyday experiences of people that it is empty or stifling or obscure? If our God is not dead, has our God-talk become a dead language, or at least a foreign language? Most people in our churches continue to use God-language. But what meaning does it have for them? Talk about God often seems to be used and heard as a formality, neither evoking much conviction nor having much impact on the way people live; it is like water off a duck’s back. As a result, there seems commonly to be a lack of a sense of the reality of God among Christians, however much the work of the church or the person of Jesus remains central in their lives. God seems not to be the living, vigorous presence experienced by many of our forebears. How is one to explain this? At the heart of the matter, it appears to be a disjunction between (traditional) language and (modern) experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 the Trinity in the Theology of Jürgen Moltmann
    Our Cries in His Cry: Suffering and The Crucified God By Mick Stringer A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Theology The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia 2002 Contents Abstract................................................................................................................ iii Declaration of Authorship ................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements.............................................................................................. v Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1 1 Moltmann in Context: Biographical and Methodological Issues................... 9 Biographical Issues ..................................................................................... 10 Contextual Issues ........................................................................................ 13 Theological Method .................................................................................... 15 2 The Trinity and The Crucified God................................................................ 23 The Tradition............................................................................................... 25 Divine Suffering.......................................................................................... 29 The Rise of a ‘New Orthodoxy’.................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Excerpt 9780801099755.Pdf
    God’s Messiah in the Old Testament EXPECTATIONS OF A COMING KING Andrew T. Abernethy and Gregory Goswell K Andrew T. Abernethy and Gregory Goswell, God's Messiah in the Old Testament Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group © 2020 Used by permission. _AbernethyGoswell_GodsMessiahOT_MB_djm.indd 3 8/11/20 10:21 AM Contents Preface vii Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 1. The Seed, the Star, and the Template in the Pentateuch 10 2. The Need for a King in Judges 28 3. The Book of Ruth and the House of David 36 4. The Heart of Kingship in 1–2 Samuel 49 5. Failure and the Royal Ideal in 1–2 Kings 67 6. Royal Messianic Expectations in Isaiah 85 7. The Death and Rebirth of Kingship in Jeremiah 100 8. The Prince Forecast in Ezekiel 114 9. Kingship for a United Nation in Hosea 124 10. David’s Booth in Amos 136 11. Davidic Rule in Micah 151 12. The Sprout, the Divine Shepherd, and the Messenger in Zechariah and Malachi 165 13. The Portrait of David in the Psalter 182 14. Where Is David in the Book of Daniel? 197 15. Kingship and the Temple in 1–2 Chronicles 210 v Andrew T. Abernethy and Gregory Goswell, God's Messiah in the Old Testament Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group © 2020 Used by permission. _AbernethyGoswell_GodsMessiahOT_MB_djm.indd 5 8/11/20 10:21 AM vi Contents 16. Looking Forward to the New Testament 224 Conclusion 239 Bibliography 247 Scripture and Ancient Writings Index 276 Name Index 285 Subject Index 290 Andrew T.
    [Show full text]
  • A Theology of Suffering for Spiritual Formation David Russell Beach [email protected]
    Digital Commons @ George Fox University Doctor of Ministry Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2018 Following the Man of Sorrows: A Theology of Suffering for Spiritual Formation David Russell Beach [email protected] This research is a product of the Doctor of Ministry (DMin) program at George Fox University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Beach, David Russell, "Following the Man of Sorrows: A Theology of Suffering for Spiritual Formation" (2018). Doctor of Ministry. 281. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/dmin/281 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Ministry by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEORGE FOX UNIVERSITY FOLLOWING THE MAN OF SORROWS: A THEOLOGY OF SUFFERING FOR SPIRITUAL FORMATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF PORTLAND SEMINARY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MINISTRY BY DAVID RUSSELL BEACH PORTLAND, OREGON MARCH 2018 Portland Seminary George Fox University Portland, Oregon CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ________________________________ DMin Dissertation ________________________________ This is to certify that the DMin Dissertation of David Beach has been approved by the Dissertation Committee on February 16, 2018 for the degree of Doctor of Ministry in Leadership and Spiritual Formation. Dissertation Committee: Primary Advisor: Michael Gama, DMin Secondary Advisor: Tricia Gates Brown, PhD Lead Mentor: MaryKate Morse, PhD Biblical References: All biblical references are taken from the 2011 New International Version (NIV) unless otherwise noted. At times, other translations are preferred over the 2011 NIV for more nuanced gender-inclusive language, especially passages considered by this writer to be referring to all of humanity when a masculine term/metaphor/case ending is used in the original.
    [Show full text]