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Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum)

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Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum) 1 t I I : I75l"'5-'^'^ OCT IV 1975 NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 409 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards Marine Polluiioh Monitoring (Petroleum) Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by The Intergovernmental The World Meteorological United States Oceanographic Commission Organization Department (lOC-UNESCO) (WMG) of Commerce NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radiation Research, an Office of MeaS-' ' urement Services and the following divisions: ' c Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Nuclear' ^ Sciences " — Applied Radiation — Quantum Electronics — Electromagnetics ' — Time and Frequency ' — Laboratory Astrophysics — Cryogenics THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Institute consists of a Center for Building Technology and the following divisions and offices: Engineering and Product Standards — Weights and Measures — Invention and Innova- tion — Product Evaluation Technology — Electronic Technology — Technical Analysis — Measurement Engineering — Structures, Materials, and Life Safety * — Building Environment * — Technical Evaluation and Application * — Fire Technology. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effec- tiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consists of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Informa- tion Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library — Office of International Relations. 'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. " Part of the Center for Radiation Research. 3 Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302. Part of the Center for Building Technology. « Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum) Proceedings of a Symposium and Workshop Held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md., May 13-17, 1974 Sponsored by The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC-UNESCO) The World Meteorological Organization The U.S. Department of Commerce R. C. Junghans, Conference Coordinator National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 6010 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20852 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Frederick B. Dent, Secretory (j»S, NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Richard W. Roberts, Director *i Issued December 1974 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum) Symposium and Workshop, National Bureau of Standards, 197^. Marine pollution monitoring (petroleum) (KBS special publication ; ^09) Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: C 13.10:^+09 1. Oil pollution of river, harbors, etc. --Congresses. 2. Oil spills and mldlife--Congresses. I. Inter- governmental Oceanographic Commission. II. World Mete- orological Organizationo III. United States. Dept. of Commerce. IV. Title. V. Series: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Special publication ; hO^. Q,C100.U57 no. k09 [GCIO80] 389'o08s [628.1'683] 7^-311^2 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 409 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 409, 293 pages (Dec. 1974) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1974 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $3.90 Stock Number 0303-01359 . ; ABSTRACT These proceedings contain the invited plenary lectures representing pertinent scientific, environmental, and regulatory aspects of petroleum hydrocarbon measurements, the summaries of the contributed papers, deal- ing with specific scientific developments and recommendations, and the recommendations of the topical discussion groups. Also included is a report of an international workshop which provides specific recommenda- tions for the initiation of a coordinated Pilot Project for marine pollution (petroleum) monitoring. Key Words: Analytical methods; data reporting procedures; Intergovern- mental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); marine pollution (petroleum) monitoring; Maritime Administration (MarAd) National Bureau of Standards (NBS) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ; petroleum hydrocarbon measurement; oil slicks and tar balls; sampling methods; World Meterological Organization (WMO) ill 1 FOREWORD The increasing amount of petroleum being transported over the world's waterways has prompted a good deal of interest in the environ- mental impact of oil pollution. The need for a comprehensive inter- national marine environmental monitoring assessment program serving both research and operational activities is recognized by the U. S. Department of Commerce. Thus it was proper that three agencies within the Department of Commerce, the Maritime Administration (MarAd) , the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) , and the National Oceanic and Atmos- pheric Administration (NOAA) cosponsor and host the Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum) Symposiumjand Workshop held at NBS in Gaithersburg, May 13-17, 1974. The publication of the proceedings of this meeting is the joint eff ort of MarAd, NBS and NOAA. This book contains the invited plenary lectures, the summaries of the contributed papers and the recommenda- tions of the topical discussion groups as well as the Workshop's recommended procedures and methodology for use by National Coordina- tors in the implementation, at the national level, of the operational programs for the Pilot Project on Marine Pollution Monitoring. J. D. Hoffman, Director Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards v o u Ph 4-* O iH •H Ph (U o c o •H 4J • CtJ •H CO •U (/I •H o C O •H M O U-l cu 4-1 (U CO rH >^ CO •H o •H 4J CO 4-1 CO O o 4-1 •H C CO Q) 0) U CJ O O 43 O .H CO <U O iH w CO TJ (1) (U !-( 4J CO CO !-i 0) ao cn dJ 0) 4-» 42H M vi , PREFACE The International Sjnnposium and Workshop was prompted by the recognized need to conmunicate and exchange ideas and results on an international basis which reflect the status of current methodology for making measurements of petroleum and petroleum products in the marine environment. Such needs arose as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization decided to establish an operational Pilot Project for Marine Pollution Monitoring which was initially to focus on petroleum hydrocarbons within the framework of the IGOSS program. IGOSS , the Integrated Global Ocean Station System, is aimed at evolving a comprehensive international marine environmental monitoring,
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