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Havayolu Pazarinin Gelişimi Ve Bağlanabilirlik Ilişkisi: Türkiye Için

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Havayolu Pazarinin Gelişimi Ve Bağlanabilirlik Ilişkisi: Türkiye Için ULAŞTIRMA, DENİZCİLİK VE HABERLEŞME BAKANLIĞI HAVAYOLU PAZARININ GELİŞİMİ VE BAĞLANABİLİRLİK İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE İÇİN DURUM DEĞERLENDİRMESİ ULAŞTIRMA VE HABERLEŞME UZMANLIĞI TEZİ Ecem YAZICI, Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzman Yardımcısı Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Araştırmaları Merkezi Başkanlığı Haziran, 2018 Ankara ULAŞTIRMA, DENİZCİLİK VE HABERLEŞME BAKANLIĞI HAVAYOLU PAZARININ GELİŞİMİ VE BAĞLANABİLİRLİK İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE İÇİN DURUM DEĞERLENDİRMESİ ULAŞTIRMA VE HABERLEŞME UZMANLIĞI TEZİ Ecem YAZICI, Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzman Yardımcısı Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Araştırmaları Merkezi Başkanlığı Tez Danışmanı Batın ŞİMŞEK, Havacılık Uzmanı Haziran, 2018 Ankara TEŞEKKÜR Havayolu Pazarının Gelişimi ve Bağlanabilirlik İlişkisi: Türkiye için Durum Değerlendirmesi isimli tez çalışmam boyunca bilgi, tecrübe ve güler yüzü ile çalışmama ışık tutan, vefatı ile derin bir hüzne boğan tez danışmanım Sayın Serkan ÇELİK’e ve daha sonraki süreçte çalışmama yardım ve katkılarıyla destek sağlayan tez danışmanım Havacılık Uzmanı Sayın Batın ŞİMŞEK’e, Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Araştırmaları Merkezi Başkanı Sayın Dr. Ali ARIDURU’ya, Ar-Ge Dairesi Başkanı Sayın Mehmet Ali DEĞER’e, çok değerli çalışma arkadaşlarıma ve manevi destekleriyle beni hiçbir zaman yalnız bırakmayan aileme teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. i BEYAN Bu belge ile sunduğum uzmanlık tezimdeki bütün bilgileri akademik kurallara ve etik davranış ilkelerine uygun olarak toplayıp sunduğumu; ayrıca, bu kural ve ilkelerin gereği olarak, çalışmamda bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düşünce ve sonuçları andığımı ve kaynağını gösterdiğimi beyan eder, tezimle ilgili yaptığım beyana aykırı bir durumun saptanması halinde ise, ortaya çıkacak tüm ahlaki ve hukuki sonuçlara katlanacağımı bildiririm. .06.2018 Ecem YAZICI Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzman Yardımcısı ii ÖZET Bağlanabilirliğin geliştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar çoğunlukla havaalanı altyapısına ya da hava ulaşım bağlantılarına odaklanmaktadır. Bir havaalanının, küresel hava ulaşım ağına sağladığı bağlantıların ölçülmesi önemlidir ancak bununla birlikte bağlanabilirliği sadece havaalanlarının arasındaki bağlantılar olarak değerlendirmek yeterli değildir. Diğer ulaşım türlerinin etkisi ve yolcu tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler gibi göz önünde bulundurulması gereken farklı unsurlar da bulunmaktadır. Bu tez çalışması ile bağlanabilirliğin geliştirilmesi için göz önünde bulundurulması gereken unsurların bütüncül bir yaklaşım çerçevesinde belirlenmesi ve bu konuda geliştirilecek politikalara katkı sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çerçevede, havacılıkta bağlanabilirlik kavramı değerlendirilerek, ekonomik gelişme ile ilişkisi ortaya konulmuştur. Küresel çapta bağlanabilirliğin gelişimini etkileyen unsurlara değinilerek, dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki mevcut durum incelenmiştir. İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı’nın bağlanabilirliği referans havaalanları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ise Türkiye’de bağlanabilirliğin geliştirilmesine yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. Bağlanabilirliği etkileyen unsurlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, İstanbul Yeni Havalimanı’nın, Türkiye’nin bağlanabilirliğine büyük oranda katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, diğer bölgeler de altyapıdaki sınırlamaların giderilmesi ve hava ulaşım ağının genişletilmesiyle birlikte bağlanabilirliğin geliştirilmesi açısından büyük potansiyele sahiptir. Bu doğrultuda, bağlanabilirliğin arttırılmasına yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesi ve sektördeki paydaşlar arasında işbirliğinin sağlanmasının önem arz ettiği değerlendirilmektedir. iii ABSTRACT Studies on developing connectivity mostly focuses on airport infrastructure or air connections. It is important to measure the connections an airport provides to the global air transport network, but it is not enough to consider connectivity only as links between airports. There are other factors that need to be taken into account, such as the impact of other modes of transport and the factors affecting passenger preferences. The aim of this study is to determine the elements to be considered for the development of connectivity in a holistic approach and to contribute to the policy development. Within this framework, the concept of air connectivity has been evaluated and the relationship with economic development has been presented. By reference to the factors influencing the development of air connectivity on a global scale, the current situation in the World and Turkey have been rewieved. The connectivity of Istanbul Ataturk Airport is evaluated in comparison with reference airports. As a result, the proposals for improving the connectivity in Turkey are presented. Considering the factors affecting connectivity, Istanbul New Airport is expected to contribute connectivity in Turkey greatly. In addition to this, other regions have great potential for improving connectivity with eliminating the limitations of the infrastructure and the expansion of the air network. In this respect, it is important to develop policies to increase connectivity and to provide cooperation among the stakeholders in the sector. iv İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................................ i BEYAN ...................................................................................................................................... ii ÖZET ........................................................................................................................................ iii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. iv TABLO LİSTESİ .................................................................................................................... viii ŞEKİL LİSTESİ ........................................................................................................................ ix KISALTMA LİSTESİ .............................................................................................................. xi EK LİSTESİ ............................................................................................................................ xiv GİRİŞ .................................................................................................................................. 1 HAVACILIKTA BAĞLANABİLİRLİK VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ............................ 4 Bağlanabilirlik Kavramı ............................................................................................... 5 Bağlanabilirlik Türleri .................................................................................................. 5 2.2.1. Doğrudan bağlanabilirlik ...................................................................................... 6 2.2.2. Dolaylı bağlanabilirlik .......................................................................................... 6 2.2.3. İleriye doğru bağlanabilirlik ................................................................................. 7 2.2.4. Merkez bağlanabilirliği ......................................................................................... 7 2.2.5. Havaalanı bağlanabilirliği ..................................................................................... 8 2.2.6. Bağlanabilirlik türlerinin karşılaştırılması ............................................................ 8 Bağlanabilirliğin Ölçülmesi ....................................................................................... 11 2.3.1. Bağlanabilirlik ölçülerinin sınıflandırılması ....................................................... 15 2.3.1.1. Erişilebilirlik ve merkeziyet ........................................................................ 15 2.3.1.2. Zamansal koordinasyon ............................................................................... 18 2.3.1.3. Yönlendirme faktörü ................................................................................... 19 2.3.1.4. Bağlantı kalitesi ........................................................................................... 19 2.3.1.5. İzin verilen maksimum adım sayısı ............................................................. 20 2.3.1.6. Yerel ve küresel modeller ............................................................................ 20 2.3.2. Bağlanabilirlik ölçüsü profilleri .......................................................................... 21 2.3.2.1. WNX (Weighted Number of Connections-Ağırlıklı Bağlantı Sayısı) ........ 21 2.3.2.2. Netscan bağlanabilirlik birimleri ................................................................. 22 2.3.2.3. Bootsma bağlanabilirliği ............................................................................. 23 2.3.2.4. WCN (Weighted Connectivity Number-Ağırlıklı Bağlanabilirlik Sayısı) .. 23 2.3.2.5. Doganis ve Dennis bağlanabilirliği ............................................................. 24 2.3.2.6. Bağlantı örüntülerinin sayısı ........................................................................ 25 2.3.2.7. SPL (Shortest Path Length - En Kısa Yol Uzunluğu) ................................. 26 2.3.2.8. QPL (Quickest Path Length - En Hızlı Yol Uzunluğu) ............................... 27 2.3.2.9. En kısa ve en hızlı erişilebilirlik modelleri .................................................. 28 2.3.2.10. Hava bağlanabilirlik endeksi ....................................................................... 29 v 2.3.2.11. ACQI ..........................................................................................................
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