FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER No.8: Questioned Document MODULE No
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6.1. INTRODUCTION Printers Are Output Devices Used to Prepare
P a g e | 1 MAINTENANCE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Concept of printers. Study of printing mechanism. Study of dot matrix,inkjet and laserprinters. Concept of printer controller. To know about interface and signals. CHAPTER-6(PRINTERS) 6.1. INTRODUCTION Printers are Output devices used to prepare permanent Output devices on paper.Printers can be divided into two main categories : Impact Printers : In this hammers or pins strike against a ribbon and paper to print the text. This mechanism is known as electro-mechanical mechanism 6.2 PRINTING MECHANISM: There are two types of printers. 6.3 Impact printers An impact printer makes contact with the paper. It usually forms the print image by pressing an inked ribbon against the paper using a hammer or pins. Following are some examples of impact printers. 6.3.1Dot-Matrix Printers The dot-matrix printer uses print heads containing from 9 to 24 pins. These pins produce patterns of dots on the paper to form the individual characters. The 24 pin dot-matrix printer produces more dots that a 9 pin dot-matrix printer, which results in much better quality and clearer characters. The general rule is: the more pins, the clearer the letters on the paper. The pins strike the ribbon individually as the print mechanism moves across the entire print line in both directions, i-e, from left to right, then right to left, and so on. The user can produce a color output with a dot- matrix printer (the user will change the black ribbon with a ribbon that has color stripes). -
The Effects of Ink and Media Parameters on Offset Solid Ink and Xerographic Halftoned Image View Quality
IS&T's 1998 PICS Conference IS&T's 1998 PICS Conference Copyright 1998, IS&T The Effects of Ink and Media Parameters on Offset Solid Ink and Xerographic Halftoned Image View Quality Steve Korol Tektronix Color Printing and Imaging Division Wilsonville, Oregon Abstract meet these goals, the successful device must have the ability to print acceptable quality images on a wide variety of Xerographic and offset solid ink technologies are currently substrates reliably. Although both technologies under study dominant in the networked office color printer market. Here, generally render text acceptably, each possesses a set of speed, reliability, ease-of-use, cost-per-copy, and image limitations when grayscale images are considered. quality are all important factors to the office customer who In the case of offset solid ink technology, material is often on a tight budget. Both xerography and solid ink properties of the ink and the print processing steps within have been able to deliver acceptable text output on a wide the printer do indeed afford great media flexibility; however, variety of inexpensive papers; however, such is not always in current implementations of the technology, images may the case for halftoned images. Interestingly, when halftoned appear grainy to the customer, especially in areas of light image quality fails, it is often for widely different reasons optical density (in the range 0.1 to 0.3). The primary reason depending on the technology employed. for this perceived granularity is the minimum diameter and While offset solid ink exhibits excellent receiver media optical density of the smallest achievable mark. -
Introduction to Printing Technologies
Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Introduction to Printing Technologies Study Material for Students : Introduction to Printing Technologies CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDIA WORLD Mass communication and Journalism is institutionalized and source specific. Itfunctions through well-organized professionals and has an ever increasing interlace. Mass media has a global availability and it has converted the whole world in to a global village. A qualified journalism professional can take up a job of educating, entertaining, informing, persuading, interpreting, and guiding. Working in print media offers the opportunities to be a news reporter, news presenter, an editor, a feature writer, a photojournalist, etc. Electronic media offers great opportunities of being a news reporter, news editor, newsreader, programme host, interviewer, cameraman,Edited with theproducer, trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor director, etc. To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Other titles of Mass Communication and Journalism professionals are script writer, production assistant, technical director, floor manager, lighting director, scenic director, coordinator, creative director, advertiser, media planner, media consultant, public relation officer, counselor, front office executive, event manager and others. 2 : Introduction to Printing Technologies INTRODUCTION The book introduces the students to fundamentals of printing. Today printing technology is a part of our everyday life. It is all around us. T h e history and origin of printing technology are also discussed in the book. Students of mass communication will also learn about t h e different types of printing and typography in this book. The book will also make a comparison between Traditional Printing Vs Modern Typography. -
Embodied Community and Embodied Pedagogy
ZINES, n°2, 2021 MATERIAL MATTERS: EMBODIED COMMUNITY AND EMBODIED PEDAGOGY Kelly MCELROY & Korey JACKSON Oregon State University Libraries and Press [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: In this essay, we outline how materiality can be a tool of critical pedagogy, leading to pleasure, vulnerability, and embodied learning in the classroom. Over the past four years, we have taught an honors colloquium to undergraduate students focused on self-publishing as a means to create social change. As we explore various publishing media, genres, and activist movements with our students, we combine traditional academic activities like scholarly reading and written analysis with informal hands-on craft time. Our students make collages, learn to use the advanced features on a photocopier, and collaborate on hectograph printing among other crafts, all as they begin to put together their own final DIY publication. Students regularly report that the hands-on activities are crucial to their learning, giving them new appreciation for the underground publications they read, through embodied experiences that can’t be replicated with a reading or a quiz. It also builds our community of learners, as we share ideas, borrow glue sticks, and chit-chat as we put our zines together. We will outline how we built and teach this course, placing it within our critical pedagogy – informed by bell hooks, Kevin Kumashiro, and Paulo Freire, among others – and how teaching this course has helped us incorporate embodiment into our other teaching. Keywords: embodied pedagogy, teaching, publishing. 58 Material Matters: Embodied Community and Embodies Pedagogy ZINES, n°2, 2021 INTRODUCTION Alison Piepmeier has argued that, “Zines’ materiality creates College, this course is one of a suite of course offerings community because it creates pleasure, affection, allegiance, and that highlight exploratory discovery and deep dives vulnerability” (2008, 230). -
Glossary of Flexographic Printing Terms
GLOSSARY OF FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING TERMS AA: Authors Alterations, changes other than corrections, made by a client after the proofing process has begun. AA's are usually charged to a client as billable time. Abrasion: Process of wearing away the surface of a material by friction. Abrasion marks: Marks on a photographic print or film appearing as streaks or scratches, caused by the condition of the developer. Can be partially removed by swabbing with alcohol. Abrasion resistance: Ability to withstand the effects of repeated rubbing and scuffing. Also called scuff or rub resistance. Abrasion test: A test designed to determine the ability to withstand the effects of rubbing and scuffing. Abrasiveness: That property of a substance that causes it to wear or scratch other surfaces. Absorption: In paper, the property which causes it to take up liquids or vapors in contact with it. In optics, the partial suppression of light through a transparent or translucent material. Acceptance sampling or inspection: The evaluation of a definite lot of material or product that is already in existence to determine its acceptability within quality standards. Accelerate: In flexographic printing, as by the addition of a faster drying solvent or by increasing the temperature or volume of hot air applied to the printed surface. Electrical - To speed rewind shafts during flying splices, and in taking up web slackness. Accordion Fold: Bindery term, two or more parallel folds which open like an accordion. Acetone: A very active solvent used in packaging gravure inks; the fastest drying solvent in the ketone family. Activator: A chemistry used on exposed photographic paper or film emulsion to develop the image. -
Judging Permanence for Reformatting Projects: Paper and Inks
ConserveO Gram September 1995 Number 19/14 Judging Permanence For Reformatting Projects: Paper And Inks Many permanently valuable NPS documents fibered, high alpha-cellulose cotton and linen such as correspondence, drawings, maps, plans, rags. Early rag papers were strong, stable, and reports were not produced using permanent and durable with relatively few impurities. and durable recording media. When selecting In the mid-17th century, damaging alum paper items for preservation duplication, items sizing was added to control bacteria and marked on the list below with a " - " are at mold growth in paper. By 1680, shorter highest risk and should have special priority for fiber rag papers were being produced due to duplication. Document types marked with a the use of mechanical metal beaters to shred "+" are lower priorities for reformatting as they the rag fibers. By about 1775, damaging tend to be more stable and durable. See chlorine bleaches were added to rag papers Conserve O Gram 19/10, Reformatting for to control the paper color. Acidic alum Preservation and Access: Prioritizing Materials rosin sizing was introduced around 1840 to for Duplication, for a full discussion of how to speed the papermaking process thus leading select materials for duplication. NOTE: Avoid to even shorter-lived papers. Rag papers using materials and processes marked " - " when became less common after the introduction producing new documents. of wood pulp paper around 1850. Compared to rag paper, most wood pulp papers have Paper much poorer chemical chemical and mechanical strength, durability, and stability. All permanently valuable original paper - documents should be produced on lignin-free, Ground or mechanical wood pulp paper: high alpha-cellulose papers with a pH between After 1850, most paper produced was 7.5 and 8.0, specifically those papers meeting machine-made paper with a high proportion the American National Standards Institute of short-fibered and acidic wood pulp. -
Vinculum-II Scrolling Text Application Using LED Dot Matrix Display
Application Note AN_200 Vinculum-II Scrolling Text Application Using LED dot matrix display Version 1.0 Issue Date: 2012-02-09 This application note provides an example of using the FTDI Vinculum-II (VNC2) to communicate with a USB Flash drive to display text and graphics held on the Flash drive, on a LED dot matrix display. Drivers and source code are also provided (downloadable from the FTDI website) Use of FTDI devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the user’s risk, and the user agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless FTDI from any and all damages, claims, suits or expense resulting from such use. Future Technology Devices International Limited (FTDI) Unit 1, 2 Seaward Place, Glasgow G41 1HH, United Kingdom Tel.: +44 (0) 141 429 2777 Fax: + 44 (0) 141 429 2758 Web Site: http://ftdichip.com Copyright © 2012 Future Technology Devices International Limited Application Note AN_200 Vinculum-II Scrolling Text Application Using LED dot matrix display Version 1.0 Document Reference No.: FT_000571 Clearance No.: FTDI# 277 Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Hardware Requirements ......................................................................................................... 4 2 Operation ....................................................................................................................................... -
Relationship of Solid Ink Density and Dot Gain in Digital Printing
International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR) ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-7, July 2014 Relationship of Solid Ink Density and Dot Gain in Digital Printing Vikas Jangra, Abhishek Saini, Anil Kundu gain while meeting density requirements. As discussed Abstract— Ours is the generation which is living in the age of above Dot gain is the measurement of the increase in tone science and technology. The latest scientific inventions have value from original file to the printed sheet. given rise to various technologies in every aspect of our life. Newer technologies have entered the field of printing also. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital printing is one of these latest technologies which have further revolutionized entire modern printing industry in many Densitometer is used for measuring density of ink ways. It also facilitates working on large variety of surfaces, on the paper. Densitometer can be classified according to besides these factors digital printing have grown widely and type of materials they are designed to measure i.e. opaque made a special impact in print market. The presented analysis and transparent. Density of opaque materials is measured by system is used for study of print quality in Digital Printing. reflected light with a device called reflection type densitometer. Density of transparent materials is measured Index Terms— Digital Printing, Dot Gain, Solid ink density, by transmitted light with a device called transmission type Coated Paper and Uncoated Paper. densitometer. In order to measure the print quality i.e. solid ink density (SID) and dot gain (DG) on coated and uncoated I. -
LPR and LP Technical Brief
LPR and LP Technical Brief Overview Why Use LPR? LPR is one of several methods available for sending files to The lpr and lp commands provide an easy way to send files the Codonics NP-1600 printer. LPR utilizes the TCP/IP net- to the various Logical Devices that exist on the printer. It is working protocol and is most commonly used in UNIX, and the preferred way of sending files over a TCP/IP network to a lesser extent, in MS-DOS/Windows and other environ- since the printer has internal queuing and spooling for all of ments. Most LPR implementations have easy-to-use com- the internal print queues. Each of the internal printer Logical mands for sending files to the printer, but require set up by Devices may be set up on remote systems to allow for print- the System Administrator for correct operation. ing of Scaled, Unscaled, and Bracketing images. The lpr command and the UNIX System V lp command, are used to send image files to the printer. They are easier to use Multiple images can also be assembled on one page by using than FTP and require no user interaction so they may be the Caption, Variable Multiformatting, and Fixed Multifor- used from applications and shell commands. Not all System matting Devices. Getting the desired output can be accom- V LP implementations support the LPR transfer protocol plished very easily by following two general rules: which is used by the printer. Consult your documentation. If you wish to print a single image on a page, you should: The internal operating system on the printer acts as a remote LPD host, allowing various printer formatting functions to 1. -
The Story of Xerography Page 1 of 13
The Story of Xerography Page 1 of 13 Our Heritage, Our Commitment "10-22-38 ASTORIA" This humble legend marks the time and place of an auspicious event. It is the text of the first xerographic image ever fashioned. It was created in a makeshift laboratory in Queens, NY. by a patent attorney named Chester Carlson, who believed that the world was ready for an easier and less costly way to make copies. Carlson was proved right only after a discouraging ten-year search for a company that would develop his invention into a useful product. It was the Haloid Company, a small photo-paper maker in Rochester, N.Y, which took on the challenge and the promise of xerography and thus became, in a breathtakingly short time, the giant multinational company now known to the world as Xerox Corporation. This report contains several stories about xerography: the man who invented it, the company that made it work, and the products it yielded for the benefit of mankind. These stories chronicle a classic American success story: How men of courage and vision grew a highly profitable business from little more than the seed of an idea. Certainly, Xerox has changed greatly in size and scope since the historic 914 copier was introduced in 1959. But we also believe that the basic personality of Xerox has never changed. We are convinced that the essential attributes that brought the young Xerox such spectacular rewards in office copying are the same attributes we need to assure continued success for the mature Xerox as it develops total office information capability. -
Hewlett Packard: Continuing Dominance in the Printer Industry
HEWLETT PACKARD: CONTINUING DOMINANCE IN THE PRINTER INDUSTRY BEM 106 Friday May 28, 2004 Anita Choi, Chris Flatt, Mike Lammers, Jason Quimby 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY By the 2006, Americans will be printing 1.8 trillion pages and spending $15 billion a year on ink and toner. Printers are one of the most important complements to the PC, needed by users both at home and in the office to transfer any electronic document onto paper. Since the first dot-matrix printer was introduced into the market in the early 1980s, printer technology has rapidly evolved to become machines that are increasingly efficient in producing sophisticated looking documents both in color and black-and- white. Hewlett Packard is a global leader in the industry of home and office printing. Even after merging with Compaq in 2002, HP’s Imaging and Printing group accounts for about 30% of the companies revenues and is markedly the most profitable division with earnings 1.4 times that of the company as a whole. Recently HP has faced new challenges with the entry of Dell and the surge in inkjet cartridge refill kits. This paper explores the challenges that HP faces in maintaining its dominance in the printer industry with respect to the competitive landscape and its current business strategy. 2. BACKGROUND ON HEWLETT PACKARD HP was founded in 1939 by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard. The company has its roots in the electronics, microwave, and radio industries. World War II government contracts enabled the business to grow into a million dollar company by 1944. By the 1960s, HP had diversified into personal computing, starting with programmable calculators in 1972, and eventually entering the desktop market in 1980. -
Dot Matrix Printers with a Product Range That Offers the Ultimate in High Speed, Low Cost, Reliable and Durable Printing Across All Stationery Types
Epson Dot Matrix Range Epson Dot Matrix Range Reliable and affordable printers for multiple copies and forms Epson is the world’s largest manufacturer of dot matrix printers with a product range that offers the ultimate in high speed, low cost, reliable and durable printing across all stationery types. Ideal for drafting, high volume data processing, and multi-part stationery – for which there is simply no alternative – no other technology offers such broad capability from a single machine. NEW NEW NEW Epson LX 300+ II Epson LX 1170 II Epson LQ 300+ II • USB interface • USB interface • USB interface • larger input buffer • added flash ROM • larger input buffer • added flash ROM for firmware updates • added flash ROM for firmware updates for firmware updates Offering a wider choice than any other Epson 9-pin dot matrix printers Epson 24-pin dot matrix printers manufacturer – and spanning every Featuring durable, heavy and medium Offering all the features available across duty cycle, from light to heavy duty – duty printers for continuous data pro- the Epson 9-pin range, but with the the Epson dot matrix range enables cessing and high speed drafting tasks – addition of scalable fonts and letter you to strike exactly the right balance while offering competitively priced low quality, for superior print quality, Epson between capability, performance and cost printers – the Epson 9-pin dot 24-pin printers are ideal for front desk cost. And built to the standards which matrix range offers exceptional value. applications in the retail and service have made the Epson brand synony- industries, and for tasks such as invoice mous with reliability, Epson dot matrix Outstanding performance combined with and order printing.