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ANALISIS 1Ecrono-SEDIMENTARIO DE LA FORMACION PAMPATAR (EOCENO MEDIO), ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA 1

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ANALISIS 1Ecrono-SEDIMENTARIO DE LA FORMACION PAMPATAR (EOCENO MEDIO), ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA 1 Asoc. Paleont. Arg., PubJ. Espec. N° 3 ISSN 0328-347X PALEOGENO DE AMERICA DEL SUR: 27-33. Buenos Aires, 1995. IU S UNES O I 301 ANALISIS 1ECroNO-SEDIMENTARIO DE LA FORMACION PAMPATAR (EOCENO MEDIO), ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA 1 Jhonny E. CASAS B. 2, Joselys MORENO V. 3 Y Franklin YORIS V. 4 ABSTRACf: TECTONIC AND SED¡MENTARY ANALYS¡S OF THE PAMPATAR FORMATlON (MIDDLE EOCENE), MAR- GARITA ¡SLAND, VENEZUELA. The Pampatar Fonnation (Eocene) of Margarita Island, Venezuela, consists mainly of inter- bedded sandstones and shales, with some conglomerates. These sediments are interpreted as turbidites deposited in submarine canyons and fans. The conglomerates represent canyon and inner-fan-channel deposits. The rest of the succession represents the entire range of fan environments, from inner to outer fan. Triangular diagrams of sandstone composition (100 samples) elucidate the tectonic setting. Most samples plot in the "recycled orogenic" field of the Q-F-L triangle, while the Qm-F-Lt diagram shows a wider dispersion, including "transitional recycled", "rnixed zone", and "magmatic are". This association is interpreted in tenns of uplift and erosion of a subduction-accretion complex, which supplied most of the sediments to the Pampatar Fonnation (recycled orogen component), with an additional, minor contributions from a dissected and transitional magmatic are, KEy WORDS:Margarita Island, Pampatar Fonnation, Eocene, Turbidites, Sedimentary petrography, Triangular diagrams. PALABRASCLAVE: Isla de Margarita, Formación Parnpatar, Eoceno, Turbiditas, Petrografía sedimentaria, Diagramas trian- gulares. INTRODUCCION TRABAJOS PREVIOS El objetivo principal de esta investigación es rela- Rutten (1940) publica el primer trabajo científico cionar la composición de las areniscas de la Formación referente a la geología de la isla de Margarita, donde Pampatar con su ambiente de sedimentación y ubicación discute brevemente sus rocas sedimentarias atribuyén- geotectónica dentro del cuadro evolutivo del margen sur dolas al Eoceno, basado en la presencia de orbitoides. de la placa del Caribe durante el Eoceno. Para ello se González de Juana (1947) propone por primera vez realizó un muestreo detallado a fin de efectuar análisis el nombre de Grupo Punta Carnero a la sucesión sedi- petrográficos modales que permitiesen la utilización de mentaria conformada por las actuales Formaciones los diagramas triangulares de Dickinson y Suczek Punta Carnero y Pampatar. (1979). Adicionalmente, el análisis estratigráfico con- Jam y Méndez (1962) publican un trabajo de sín- sistió en la medición de los espesores individuales de tesis donde aparece la primera descripción completa las capas, descripción de los aspectos texturales, estruc- del Grupo Punta Carnero. turas sedirnentarias y análisis paleontológicos, con el Muñoz (1973) hace un importante avance al rede- fin de interpretar los ambientes, mecanismos de sedi- finir al Grupo Punta Carnero ..proponiendo los nombres mentación y edad de la Formación Pampatar. formacionales de Pampatar y Punta Carnero, y reinter- pretar además los ambientes de sedimentación. Contribución al Proyecto IGCP 301 "Paleógeno de ESTRATIGRAFIA América del Sur". 2 Maraven S.A. (Filial de Petróleos de Venezuela), Apar- FORMACION PAMPATAR tado Postal 829, Caracas 1010, Venezuela. Corpoven S.A. (Filial de Petróleos de Venezuela), Edf. Sede, Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela. Esta unidad litoestratigráfica aflora en las inmedia- 4 Universidad Central de Venezuela, Departamento de ciones de la población de Pampatar (figura 1) y está Geología, Caracas, Venezuela. compuesta en su mayor parte por intercalaciones mo- © Asociación Paleontológica Argentina AMGHB2-0002-70l4/95$OO.OO+.50 28 J. E. CASAS B. el al. ros, algunas veces con tonos oliva. En su mayor parte MllRTIl'.ICA />lAPA DE SITUACION las areniscas son de grano fino y los espesores varían t RELATIVA ~ desde menos de 1 cm hasta más de 10m, con una media N de 3 cm. O A escala de afloramiento, las capas de areniscas revelan numerosas irregularidades tanto en el espesor MAR CARIBE tJ como en la forma, debido a la presencia de estructuras sedimentarias como: rizaduras de corriente. estructuras de carga, estructuras de corte y relleno, etc. Las estructuras de orden interno son las más comu- ¡¡ON nes y se destacan principalmente las que conforman la sucesi6n tipo Bouma (1962), tales como gradaci6n, es- tratificaci6n masiva, laminaci6n paralela horizontal, laminaci6n convoluta y laminaci6n cruzada, siendo las 66°W asociaciones más comunes Ta-b, Tb-c y Tb-c-d. Las lutitas son de color gris oscuro y por mereori- zaci6n castaño claro, muchas son limosas y sus espe- MARGARITA t sores varían desde algunos milímetros hasta decenas N de metros. Dentro de la unidad litoestratigráfica denominada GORDA Formaci6n Parnpatar aparecen dos intervalos conglo- merádicos muy característicos (figura 2) que serán des- PUNTA critos a continuaci6n. BAlLENA Suhunidad conglomerádica de Punta Go,!;da La sucesi6n aflora 600 m al noroeste de Punta Gor- da y comienza con unos 200 m de conglomerados dc guijarros redondeados a subredondeados, compuestos principalmente por fragmentos de chert, rocas volcá- nicas extrusivas, meta-volcánicas, etc. Suprayacen a ellas 25 m de grauvacas, areniscas conglomerádicas y conglomerados que gradan transicionalmente entre sí MAR CARIBE tanto vertical como lateralmente, observándose ade- más varios ciclos rítmicos de gradaci6n normal. En ge- neralla sucesi6n se caracteriza por estar soportada por UBICACION DE LOS AFLORAt.4IENTOS EOCENOS DE LA FORt.4ACION PAt.4PATAR. clastos (ortoconglomerado), es de carácter polimodal y no presenta estratificaci6n visible. o • La asociaci6n de características en esta sucesi6n I conglomerádica la ubica dentro de la clasificaci6n de KJLOt.4ETROS conglomerados desorganizados, típicos de canales que comienzan a penetrar en la cuenca (Walker, 1978). Los 63°S0'W mecanismos de sedimentaci6n que originan estas se- Figura 1. Ubicación regional y local de los afloramientos eo- cuencias son sobreflujos de corrientes de turbidez o cenos de la Formación Pampatar. flujos de granos que rellenan de arenas y gravas trans- portadas, los cañones o canales del talud y del abanico n6tonas de capas de areniscas y lutitas, espesos niveles interno. conglomerádicos y muy esporádicas capas de caliza. El espesor visible de este intervalo conglomerádico Una estimaci6n de las proporciones litol6gicas basadas es de 225 m siendo su contacto basal discordante sobre en espesores medidos es la siguiente: lutitas 45 %. are- una secuencia de calizas ftaníticas y areniscas tobáceas niscas 40 %. conglomerados 14 % y calizas I %. denominadas Formaci6n Los Frailes y de edad cretá- El espesor total, compuesto a través de cortes geo- cica (Moreno y Casas. 1986). 16gicos es de unos 1600 m. Los afloramientos más re- presentativos de esta unidad se encuentran localizados Subunidad conglomerádica de Punta Moreno generalmente en la costa (Punta Ballena, Punta Gorda, Punta Moreno, etc.). Esta sucesi6n aflora únicamente en la costa (Pun- Las areniscas son de colores grises generalmente ta Moreno) y presenta unos 25 m de espesor visible, oscuros, que por meteorizaci6n cambian a castaños cla- se caracteriza en general por estar soportada por clas- Pub!. Espec. N° 3, Paleógeno de América del Sur; 1995 F. PAMPATAR, VENEZUELA: ANALISIS TECTO O-SEDIMENTARIO 29 -e U LlTOLOGIA DESCRIPCION O Q.. GRAFICA GENERAL LI.I Tamaño de grano LEYENDA ~ Rizaduras M gUijarrO E •• Gradación T Laminación gravA - Paralela R - Estructuras --.r:= arena ~ de carga O C> Laminación f limo S Lenticular ~a'Cilla A Foraminíferos ~ Laminación 1600 AAA, t ~~~~~~--: .. 1<' \. Convoluta ~ Radiolarios (~. =. =. ~. =. =. ~. =. =. :.=~ I.·.·.·.·.·.· .. -.-.~ P:~::A:::::::::: Alternancia monótona de arenitas 1400 t=: =:=:=:=:=:=: =..:::~~-: líticas marrones y subarcosas, con o =: lutitas gris oscuro, generalmente ......=.:=:....=:..=:=:=:=:=:~: . -------.....----. limosas. o e::: .=. =. =.=.:::.:::::: ~~::1200 LJ.J<: I:I- <: O a.. .:.=::,..=::,..=:,.:.=:,.:.=::,.,=::,.,=::,.=:~-=~:==- 1000 -..-..-...-.-.•- - - -_.' ZI: . 7' 7' 7' 7' 7' 7' 7' 7' e-,' Ortoconglomerado compuesto por LJ.J<: Co"'o o oVo o oVo o o o o o o ~ ..•o,.". o 0•.•0. o 0,,-0 O,..?,..O o 0 •.•0.,...0 fragmentos de ftanita, tobas, ........ ~ u a.. meta-lavas y cuarzo . O -'-'-'-'-'-'-'- =--=- 800 -'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'- ~ LJ.J :.:.:.:.:.:.::::.:: .; l·: ... l;'.' . .AAA, l)':':':':':':':':'...- Figura 2, Columna estratigráfica compuesta de la Formación Pampatar (Eoceno Medio), Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. Publ. Espec. N° 3, Paleógeno de América del Sur; 1995 30 J. E. CASAS B. el al. tos, con matriz pobremente escogida, carácter poli- Algunas areniscas y calcarenitas de la parte supe- modal, fábrica desordenada y no presenta estratifica- rior de la Formación, contienen microfauna en la que ción. se pueden identificar ejemplares de Nummulit e s sp., Petrográficamente en el análisis del conglomerado Lepidocyclina sp. y Astcrocyclina sp. similares a los se identificaron andesitas, meta-andesitas, tonalitas, observados por Moreno y Casas (1986) en la cercana granodioritas, limolitas calcáreas, meta-areniscas y Formación Punta Carnero, datada como Eoceno medio chert en gran abundancia. Se analizó también la com- y la cual se considera coetánea con la Formación Pam- posición de la fracción fina (tamaño arena) y en ella se patar. identificaron fundamentalmente fragmentos volcáni- El contacto basal de la Formación Pampatar es dis- cos y chert. cordante sobre una unidad de calizas ftaníticas y are-
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