Preliminary Observations on the Spatial Distribution of Humpback
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26. Las Costas
www.fundacionempresaspolar.org UNIDAD NATURAL 1 3 – Fundación Empresas Polar Apartado postal 70934, Los Ruices Caracas 1071–A,Venezuela 0 0110 5 74 – Las Costas J RIF paisaje natural ENTRE EL MAR CARIBE Y EL OCÉANO ATLÁNTICO La línea costera venezolana y el arco que trazan las Antillas Menores lámina 26 marcan el límite del mar Caribe hacia el este, por donde circulan también Producción general: Investigación ( lám. 26): corrientes marinas superficiales provenientes del océanoA tlántico. Ediciones Fundación Empresas Polar Mary Cruz Fajardo y Nelson Olmos Concepción de las estrategias de De oeste a este, las costas se extienden desde Castilletes, en la península edición gráfica y proyecto de diseño: de la Guajira, donde se fija frontera con Colombia, hasta Punta Playa, VACA Visión Alternativa en la isla Corocoro del estado Delta Amacuro. En este punto se establece el límite con la Zona en Reclamación de la Guayana Esequiba. estados unidos de américa Una porción importante de esta franja corresponde a las costas caribeñas en una longitud de 2 718 kilómetros, desde Castilletes hasta Punta Peña en la península de Paria. antillas menores De allí a Punta Playa se prolonga la costa atlántica, a lo largo de 1 008 kilómetros. Este segmento incluye parte del golfo de Paria y la línea costera del delta del Orinoco. Junto con mar caribe océano atlántico Trinidad y Tobago, Venezuela comparte en este sector una porción del océano Atlántico. venezuela Los estados venezolanos que tienen límite marítimo costero SITUACIÓN ASTRONÓMICA CASTILLETES PUNTA PEÑAS PUNTA PLAYA ZONA EN RECLAMACIÓN son: Zulia, Falcón, Carabobo, Aragua,Vargas, Miranda, Anzoátegui, Sucre, Monagas, Delta Amacuro y Nueva Esparta. -
Desarrollo Embrionario Y Larval De Lytechinus Variegatus (Echinoidea: Toxopneustidae) En Condiciones De Laboratorio En La Isla De Margarita-Venezuela
Desarrollo embrionario y larval de Lytechinus variegatus (Echinoidea: Toxopneustidae) en condiciones de laboratorio en la Isla de Margarita-Venezuela Olga Gómez M.1 & Alfredo Gómez G.2 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas de la Universidad de Oriente, Boca del Río - Nueva Esparta, Venezuela; Telefax: 0295 2913150; [email protected] 2 Museo Marino de Margarita; Telefax: 0295 2913132; [email protected] Recibido 14-VI-2004. Corregido 09-XII-2004. Aceptado 17-V-2005. Abstract: Embrionary and larval development of Lytechinus variegatus (Echinoidea: Toxopneustidae) in laboratory conditions at Isla de Margarita-Venezuela. The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is a promissory species for aquaculture activities in tropical countries. In Venezuela, this species has some economical impor- tance but their embryonic and larval development had not been studied. We collected specimens from seagrass beds in Margarita Island (Venezuela) and kept them in the laboratory, where they spawned naturally. With filtered sea water (temperature 28ºC, salinity 37 psu) and moderate aeration, the eggs and sperm were mixed (relation 1:100) and reached a 90% fertilization rate. The fertilization envelope was observed after two minutes, the first cellular division after 45 minutes and the prism larval stage after 13 hours. The echinopluteus larval stage was reached after 17 hours and metamorphosis after 18 days of planktonic life, when the larvae start their benthic phase. Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(Suppl. 3): 313-318. Epub 2006 Jan 30. Key words: Sea urchins, Lytechinus variegatus, larvae, larval development, culture, echinoid, echinoderms. Los erizos tienen gran importancia econó- ha ocurrido en otros países. La especie tiene mica porque sus gónadas se consideran exqui- un rápido crecimiento, madura sus gónadas siteces y son altamente apreciadas en algunos en corto periodo de tiempo y por la facilidad países europeos, en América del Sur y Asia. -
26. the Pearl Fishery of Venezuela
THE PEARL FISHERY OF VENEZUELA Marine Biological Lafi'ir-toiy X.I B K. A. R TT JUN 2 41950 WOODS HOLE, MASS. SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT: FISHERIES No. 26 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Explanatory Ifote The series embodies restilts of investigations, usiially of restricted scope, intended to aid or direct management or utilization practices and as guides for adminl- str.itive or legislative action. It is issued in limited auantities for the official use of Federal, State or cooperating agencies and in processed form for econony and to avoid del.oy in publication. Washington, 0. C. May 1950 United States Department of the Interior Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary Pish and Wildlife Service Albert M. Day, Director Special Scientific Report - Fisheries Ho. 26 THE PEARL FISHERY OF VENEZUELA Paul S. Galtsoff Fishery Research Biologist COMTEHTS Page Introduction 2 Brief history of the pearl fishery 2 Present condition of pearl fishery »•.. ••*............ 7 1. Location of pearl oyster banks 7 2. Method of fishing 10 3« Season of fishing ............ 10 U, Shucking of oysters ^... 11 5. Division of the proceeds ,. 12 6. Selling of pearls ..... ........... 13 7. Market for pearls , 1^ 8. Economic importance of pearl fishery I7 Biology fud conservation of pearl oyster I9 Sugf^ested plan of biological sttidies 20 Bibliography 23 lETEODUCTION At the invitation of the Venezuelan Governnent the euthor had an opportimity to visit in March-April I9U8 the principal pecxl oyster gro-unds in the vicinity of Margarita Island. Ihjring this trip it was possible to inspect in detail the methods of fishing, to observe the a-onraisal and sale of pearls in Porlamar, and to obtain an understanding of the ver:-' efficient system of government management of the fishery by the Ministerio de Agricul- tura y Crfa. -
Redalyc.Dinámica Del Espacio Geográfico Margariteño En El Siglo
Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Sistema de Información Científica Antonio R. Boadas Dinámica del espacio geográfico margariteño en el siglo XX. (Trabajo Preliminar) Terra Nueva Etapa, vol. XXIII, núm. 33, 2007, pp. 99-126, Universidad Central de Venezuela Venezuela Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=72103305 Terra Nueva Etapa, ISSN (Versión impresa): 1012-7089 [email protected] Universidad Central de Venezuela Venezuela ¿Cómo citar? Fascículo completo Más información del artículo Página de la revista www.redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Dinámica del espacio geográfico margariteño en el siglo XX. (Trabajo preliminar) 99 Terra. Vol. XXIII, No. 33, 2007, pp. 99-126 DINÁMICA DEL ESPACIO GEOGRÁFICO MARGARITEÑO EN EL SIGLO XX* (Trabajo Preliminar) Margarita Island’s Geographical Space Dynamics in the Twentieth Century (Preliminary Work) Antonio R. Boadas RESUMEN: En el siglo XX se produjeron grandes transformaciones en el espacio geográfico margariteño. En este trabajo, previo a un análisis posterior, se señalan factores y agentes de acontecimientos que han concurrido y favorecido tales transformaciones. Entre otros se anotan movimientos demográficos de entrada y salida de población, dotación de infraestructuras y medios para transporte, comercio y servicios, y valorización de la isla como destino turístico y recreacional. Estos acontecimientos y las transformaciones generadas ocurrieron mayoritariamente en la segunda mitad del siglo, y se tradujeron en cambios en la utilización del territorio, que son evidentes en las expansiones urbanas, la aparición de nuevos espacios urbanizados y la conformación de zonas de aprovechamiento turístico y comercial. -
Oviedo & Silva 2005
Rev. biol. trop v.53 n.3-4 San José sep. 2005 Sighting frequency and relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along the northeast coast of Margarita Island and Los Frailes Archipelago, Venezuela Lenin Oviedo & Noemi Silva Proyecto Golfo de la Ballena, Centro de Investigación y Conservación de la Biodiversidad Tropical, BIOTRÓPICA, Caracas 1001, Venezuela; [email protected] . Received 18-V-2005. Corrected 29-VII-2005. Accepted 10-VIII-2005. Abstract: The study of local cetaceans in Venezuela has a very recent history, and few efforts have been made in the assessment of coastal populations based on field research. The occurrence of whales and dolphins along the northeast coast of Venezuela has been documented through sightings and stranding records. Given the underwater topographical features and the influence of upwelling processes, this area is considered a very productive coastal ecosystem. Our objective was to establish the sighting frequency and relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins in the area. Sighting records were gathered on bottlenose dolphins and other cetacean species occurring along the northeast coast of Margarita Island and Los Frailes Archipelago through direct observation during land-based (6 surveys, 48 hours of observation) and boat-based surveys (24 surveys, 121 hours of observation, 1295 km covered). A sighting frequency was calculated using two methodologies and then compared, considering: 1) a mean effective observation time (4.27 hours), and 2) distance covered with cetacean sightings (1108 km). A third method is proposed relating a mean effective distance covered with cetacean sightings and expressed as a percentage. The abundance index was calculated using the mean effective observation time. -
ANALISIS 1Ecrono-SEDIMENTARIO DE LA FORMACION PAMPATAR (EOCENO MEDIO), ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA 1
Asoc. Paleont. Arg., PubJ. Espec. N° 3 ISSN 0328-347X PALEOGENO DE AMERICA DEL SUR: 27-33. Buenos Aires, 1995. IU S UNES O I 301 ANALISIS 1ECroNO-SEDIMENTARIO DE LA FORMACION PAMPATAR (EOCENO MEDIO), ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA 1 Jhonny E. CASAS B. 2, Joselys MORENO V. 3 Y Franklin YORIS V. 4 ABSTRACf: TECTONIC AND SED¡MENTARY ANALYS¡S OF THE PAMPATAR FORMATlON (MIDDLE EOCENE), MAR- GARITA ¡SLAND, VENEZUELA. The Pampatar Fonnation (Eocene) of Margarita Island, Venezuela, consists mainly of inter- bedded sandstones and shales, with some conglomerates. These sediments are interpreted as turbidites deposited in submarine canyons and fans. The conglomerates represent canyon and inner-fan-channel deposits. The rest of the succession represents the entire range of fan environments, from inner to outer fan. Triangular diagrams of sandstone composition (100 samples) elucidate the tectonic setting. Most samples plot in the "recycled orogenic" field of the Q-F-L triangle, while the Qm-F-Lt diagram shows a wider dispersion, including "transitional recycled", "rnixed zone", and "magmatic are". This association is interpreted in tenns of uplift and erosion of a subduction-accretion complex, which supplied most of the sediments to the Pampatar Fonnation (recycled orogen component), with an additional, minor contributions from a dissected and transitional magmatic are, KEy WORDS:Margarita Island, Pampatar Fonnation, Eocene, Turbidites, Sedimentary petrography, Triangular diagrams. PALABRASCLAVE: Isla de Margarita, Formación Parnpatar, Eoceno, Turbiditas, Petrografía sedimentaria, Diagramas trian- gulares. INTRODUCCION TRABAJOS PREVIOS El objetivo principal de esta investigación es rela- Rutten (1940) publica el primer trabajo científico cionar la composición de las areniscas de la Formación referente a la geología de la isla de Margarita, donde Pampatar con su ambiente de sedimentación y ubicación discute brevemente sus rocas sedimentarias atribuyén- geotectónica dentro del cuadro evolutivo del margen sur dolas al Eoceno, basado en la presencia de orbitoides. -
THE MARINE COMMUNITIES of MARGARITA ISLAND, VENEZUELA Gilberta RODRIGUEZ Fundaci6n Venezolana Para El a Vance De La Ciencia Caracas, 'Venezuela
BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE OF THE GULF AND CARIBBEAN VOLUME 9 1959 NUMBER 3 THE MARINE COMMUNITIES OF MARGARITA ISLAND, VENEZUELA GILBERTa RODRIGUEZ Fundaci6n Venezolana para el A vance de la Ciencia Caracas, 'Venezuela ABSTRACT The communities of rocky, sandy and muddy shores are analyzed and the dominant species are recorded. The effect of some physical factors as exposure to wave action is correlated with the composition of the most conspicuous communities. The applicability of Stephenson's general scheme of zonation is discussed. From the results of this analysis an attempt is made to characterize and delimit the biogeographical province of the West Indies. At the end, a summary of the most common forms of marine plants and invertebrates of the area is given. INTRODUCTION Margarita is the largest of the islands in the Caribbean Sea off the north coast of Venezuela that are actually a part of the east-west trending Caribbean or Coast Range. It lies 30 kilometers north of the mainland in 11ON lat. and 64 oW long. It is composed of two mountain peaks joined together by two sand spits, between which is a large lagoon, Laguna de Restinga, open to the sea. The mountains average 800 meters high. The area to the east of Laguna Restinga, which al- most separates the two parts of the island, is nearly twice as large as the western part, which is locally called Macanao. The total area of Margarita is 1,150 square kilometers, its greatest length being 75 kilometers (Fig. 1). Southward, between Margarita and the mainland, there are two small islands, Cache and Cubagua. -
PATTERNS of PREY BIOMASS CONSUMPTION by SMALL ODONTOCETES in the NORTHEASTERN COAST of VENEZUELA Lenin E
PATTERNS OF PREY BIOMASS CONSUMPTION BY SMALL ODONTOCETES IN THE NORTHEASTERN COAST OF VENEZUELA Lenin E. Oviedo Correa1,2 ABSTRACT Trophic relationships are conditioned by population dynamics of interacting species in the commu- nity (species present, food web connections among them, and the strength of interactions), and on the consequences of these species interactions depend various ecosystem processes such as productivity and nutrient flux. Odontocetes target a wide range of prey items and are adapted to feeding at dif- ferent depths. The aim of this report is to describe the patterns of prey consumption by small odon- tocetes, incorporating natural predatory patterns into a potential management scheme of strategic food sources, for both human and marine predators. Using the geo-statistical analysis tool of ArcGIS 9.2, maps illustrating the intensity and location of prey consumption were made for species with a sighting index (SPUE) > 0.15. The biomass consumption emphasized the differences in habitat use by species. The trends in distribution of prey biomass removal by odontocetes particularly suggest a stratification of prey consumption primarily in shelf waters, with a prey biomass that is comprised basically by demersal fish and small pelagics (includingSardinella aurita), and into transition-oce- anic depths where most of the predatory pattern would potentially rely on pelagic - mesopelagic squid and myctophids. Overall the spatial tendencies in regionalization presented in this contribution will serve as a base-line to assess ecosystem health and evaluate management scenarios. Keywords: Atlantic ocean; distribution; food/prey; ecosystem; habitat. RESUMEN Las relaciones tróficas son reguladas por la dinámica poblacional de las especies que interactúan dentro de la comunidad (especies presentes, conexiones interespecíficas, y nivel de interacción) y de las consecuencias de esas interacciones para procesos del ecosistema como la productividad y el flujo de nutrientes. -
Marine Boring Bivalve Mollusks from Isla Margarita, Venezuela
ISSN 0738-9388 247 Volume: 49 THE FESTIVUS ISSUE 3 Marine boring bivalve mollusks from Isla Margarita, Venezuela Marcel Velásquez 1 1 Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universites, 43 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris, France; [email protected] Paul Valentich-Scott 2 2 Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, 93105, USA; [email protected] Juan Carlos Capelo 3 3 Estación de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita. Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Apartado 144 Porlama,. Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. ABSTRACT Marine endolithic and wood-boring bivalve mollusks living in rocks, corals, wood, and shells were surveyed on the Caribbean coast of Venezuela at Isla Margarita between 2004 and 2008. These surveys were supplemented with boring mollusk data from malacological collections in Venezuelan museums. A total of 571 individuals, corresponding to 3 orders, 4 families, 15 genera, and 20 species were identified and analyzed. The species with the widest distribution were: Leiosolenus aristatus which was found in 14 of the 24 localities, followed by Leiosolenus bisulcatus and Choristodon robustus, found in eight and six localities, respectively. The remaining species had low densities in the region, being collected in only one to four of the localities sampled. The total number of species reported here represents 68% of the boring mollusks that have been documented in Venezuelan coastal waters. This study represents the first work focused exclusively on the examination of the cryptofaunal mollusks of Isla Margarita, Venezuela. KEY WORDS Shipworms, cryptofauna, Teredinidae, Pholadidae, Gastrochaenidae, Mytilidae, Petricolidae, Margarita Island, Isla Margarita Venezuela, boring bivalves, endolithic. INTRODUCTION The lithophagans (Mytilidae) are among the Bivalve mollusks from a range of families have more recognized boring mollusks. -
Enhanced Monitoring of Large Pelagic Fishes
SCRS/2012/040 Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 69(3): 1317-1332 (2013) ENHANCED MONITORING OF LARGE PELAGIC FISHES CAUGHT BY THE VENEZUELA ARTISANAL OFF-SHORE FLEET TARGETING TUNA AND TUNA- LIKE SPECIES IN THE CARIBBEAN SEA AND ADJACENT NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC WATERS: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS F. Arocha1, A. Pazos2, A. Larez3, J. Marcano2, and X. Gutierrez2 SUMMARY0B The Venezuelan Artisanal Off-shore (VAOS) fleet vessels average in length ~15 m; is characterized by using four types of gear, pelagic longline (for tuna and tuna-like species), bottom longline (for snapper-grouper and sharks), hand-line (for Scomberomorus sp., serranids, carangids, and other species), and gillnets (for Scomberomorus sp., and other species). At-sea and port sampling to monitor the VAOS fleet targeting tuna and tuna-like species using pelagic longline gear was conducted from 2 ports, one in the Island of Margarita (Juan Griego) and the other in the northeastern mainland coast (Morro Puerto Santo) from July 2011 to February 2012. Close quarters, relaxed safety, and community oriented crew forced to alter the at-sea sampling scheme by training voluntary skilled Captains to fill-out observer data forms, identify, measure and sex fish species. At-sea sampling consisted of 1 trained observer trip and 11 observed trips by 7 voluntary trained Captains. Three trips fished in the Caribbean Sea, three in the Atlantic side, and the rest fished in both areas. The number of sets deployed in each trip varied between 8 and 16, soak time were from 6:30 am to 12:00 pm, the number of hooks varied from 400 to 1040 hooks/set, and depth of fishing gear varied between 9 and 27 m. -
ON 20 (1) Zager Et Al.Fm
ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL 20: 99–112, 2009 © The Neotropical Ornithological Society NEST POACHING IN THE VENEZUELAN INSULAR SUBSPECIES OF THE BROWN-THROATED PARAKEET (ARATINGA PERTINAX) Irene Zager1,2, Kathryn M. Rodríguez-Clark1*, Jessica R. Eberhard3, Jon Paul Rodríguez2,4, & Pablo A. Millán2 1Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela. *E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Provita, Apartado 47552, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela. 3Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. 4Laboratorio de Biología de Organismos, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela. Resumen. – Saqueo de nidos en las subespecies insulares venezolanas del Perico Cara Sucia (Aratinga pertinax). – Durante mucho tiempo se ha sospechado el declive del Perico Cara Sucia en las islas venezolanas de La Tortuga y Margarita, debido al saqueo de pichones para el tráfico ilegal de mas- cotas, y por la destrucción de sitios de anidación resultante. Por eso, evaluamos el estatus de las dos subespecies involucradas, Aratinga pertinax margaritensis y A. p. tortuguensis, y examinamos la amenaza que representa el saqueo de nidos. Durante trabajos de campo en 2004, caracterizamos los patrones de los dormideros y sitios de anidación en las dos islas, y estimamos el tamaño poblacional de A. p. margaritensis. En la Isla Margarita, encontramos una población considerable (de por lo menos 1984 individuos), pero los 25 nidos encontrados sufrieron una tasa alta de saqueo (64%) y de destruc- ción (32%). Dado que los ùnicos dos dormideros activos de esta subespecie se ubicaron cercanos a o dentro del Parque Nacional Laguna de La Restinga, que también sufre de presiones antrópicas, nues- tros resultados sugieren que esta subespecie se clasifica en el presente como En Peligro (B1a&b[v]). -
Cenozoic Kinematics and Dynamics of Oblique Collision Between Two Convergent Plate Margins: the Caribbean-South America Collisio
Cenozoic Kinematics and Dynamics of Oblique Collision Between two Convergent Plate Margins: The Caribbean-South America Collision in Eastern Venezuela, Trinidad and Barbados James Pindell and Lorcan Kennan Tectonic Analysis, Ltd., Chestnut House, Duncton West Sussex, GU28 0LH, UK Email: [email protected] Abstract Numerous structural, tectonic, and geometric aspects of the Eastern South Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone are assessed or reassessed in the light of seismic reflection data, field studies from 2000-2007, heavy mineral analysis, updated interpretation of seismic tomography, seismicity, GPS data, and refined plate kinematic constraints for the Cenozoic. We show that the Cretaceous passive margin of northern South America was transformed to a north-facing, slowly convergent margin in the Late Maastrichtian, and that the collision between the Caribbean and South America was a collision of two convergent margins above an intervening, “doubly subducting” Proto-Caribbean oceanic lithosphere. The new assessments are iteratively integrated to create semi-quantitative palinspastic reconstructions for 5, 10, 25, 31 and 42 Ma, on which paleogeographies are developed. The origin of key sandstone units are considered, due to their importance as major reservoirs, as well as the implications of the kinematic and dynamic modeling for structural timing. The primary collision between the two plates was completed by 10 Ma, with subsequent motion being essentially E-W strike slip, the deformations of which are driven mainly in a bow-wave model of transcurrent simple shear. Pindell and Kennan, SE Caribbean, Trinidad & Venezuela, for GCSSEPM 2007 1 of 76 Introduction We present an updated synthesis of the tectonic processes and stages of history that have shaped Eastern Venezuela and Trinidad during Cenozoic time.