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Factors Influencing Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Sentani Health Primary Jayapura District

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Factors Influencing Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Sentani Health Primary Jayapura District International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research Vol.4; Issue: 1; Jan.-March 2019 Website: www.ijshr.com Original Research Article ISSN: 2455-7587 Factors Influencing Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Sentani Health Primary Jayapura District Yonece Wadi1, A.L. Rantetampang2, Bernard Sandjaja3, Anwar Mallongi4 1Magister Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura. 2,3Lecturer of Master Program in Public Health. Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura 4Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Corresponding Author: Anwar Mallongi ABSTRACT mah, the habit of using mosquito repellent and the habit of burning garbage in the home Background: Acute Respiratory Infection is a environment. health problem that can cause death in infants. Various factors are caused by the sex of children Keywords: Acute, Respiratory, Infection, Child under five, immunization status and nutritional status, parents (mother) include age, education, 1. INTRODUCTION socio-economic, smoking habits in the home, ARI occurring in children under five burning garbage, the use of mosquito repellent. (aged 12-59 months) from the Syahidi study Objective of the study: Evaluate what factors (2016) revealed that toddlers suffering from are related to the incidence of ARI in Sentani ARI were found more in mothers with low Health Center, Jayapura District, Papua Province. education and maternal age >35 years, Research Methods: Descriptive analytical cross incomplete immunization status, giving sectional study design. The population of all vitamin A capsules, mother's knowledge, under-fives was 232 toddlers and a sample of 70 kitchen smoke, mosquito repellent use, under-fives was random sampling. Data were house ventilation and the presence of family obtained using a questionnaire and analyzed members who smoke inside the house. using chi square and regression binary logistic. Some of the characteristics of Results: Factors related to ARI incidence in mothers with low education tend to be those infants in Sentani Health Center were who have a severe ARI. This is due to the immunization status of children under five (p- fact that with higher maternal education, his value = 0.015; RP = 2.551; CI95% = (1,278 - knowledge is increasingly high about the 5,091), nutritional status of children (p-value = 0,000; RP = 5,359; CI95% = (2,818 - 10,191), management of ARI. Whereas the family education mother (p-value = 0,026; RP = 2,538; socio-economic is more than the minimum CI95% = (1,197 - 5,384), smoking habits (p- wage able to provide their children with value = 0,000; RP = 18,391; CI95% = (4,659 - better nutrition and immediately bring their 72,601), habit of burning garbage in the home toddlers to treatment compared to low environment (p-value = 0,000; RP = 3,955; socio-economics (Sukarto, 2016). CI95% = (2,118 - 7,383), habit of using Research Maramis (2013) revealed mosquito repellent (p-value = 0,000; Rp = that education has no effect on the ability to 4,889; CI95%; = (2,532 - 9,331). Factors not care for toddlers with ARI, this is due to related to the incidence of ARI in toddlers at mothers who are highly educated parents Sentani Health Center are toddlers (p-value = who are too busy with their careers or jobs, 0,234; RP = 1,728; CI95% = (0,823 - 3,627), maternal age (p-value = 0.601; RP = 1,362; lack of information received directly from CI95% = (0,648 - 2,863), economic status (p- health workers and the tendency of parents value = 0,332; RP = 1,593; CI95% = (0,766 - to entrust children to caregivers or other 3,313). The dominant factor in the incidence of family members to be taken to the ARI in infants is smoking in the household. Puskesmas. Besides that, young mothers International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 274 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Yonece Wadi et.al. Factors Influencing Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Sentani Health Primary Jayapura District (<22 years old) on average have not worked 1-5 years in Sentani Health Center in June - and take care of their toddlers well. August 2018 who visited 232 toddlers. Jayapura Regency is one of the Regencies in 2. Samples Papua Province. Preliminary study, ARI The sample is a portion of the population incidence data for children under five in considered to represent WITH 70 Jayapura Regency in 2017 ARI incidence respondents (Notoatmodjo, 2012). ranks first in the pattern of the top ten diseases with prevalence reaching 23.64% 3. RESULTS from 20 Puskesmas in Jayapura Regency 3.1. Relationship between sex of toddlers with the highest incidence of ARI in Sentani and the incidence of ARI in infants Health Center (66.9%) and lowest at Harapan Health Center. Sentani Health Table 1. Relationship between sex of children under five with the incidence of ARI in infants at Sentani Health Center Center ranks seventh as much as 27.5%. No Sex of children Incidence of ARI Number Healthy home prevalence in the under five ARI Not ARI n % n % n % Sentani Health Center work area is 30.27% 1 Male 11 37,9 18 62,1 29 100 (Jayapura District Health Office, 2017) and 2 Female 9 22 32 78 41 100 Total 20 28,6 50 71,4 70 100 initial observations of researchers in the p-value = 0,234; RP = 1,728; CI95%= (0,823 – 3,627) Sentani Health Center work area, some residents owned by residents are semi- Based on Table 1, it shows that of the 29 permanent and mostly in the form of stilt under-fives who were male as many as 11 houses with wooden walls / grain. Most of people (37.9%) with the incidence of ARI the habits of parents of toddlers smoke and and not ARI as many as 18 people (62.1%). use mosquito repellent and the habit of While from 41 people who were female as burning garbage in the home environment. many as 9 people (22%) with the incidence Based on maternal characteristics, most do of ARI and not ARI as many as 18 people not work. (62.1%). The results of the chi square test Based on the above problems, the obtained p-value = 0.234> 0.05. This means Researcher was interested in conducting a that there is no relationship between the sex study entitled "Factors related to the of the toddler to the incidence of ARI in incidence of ISPA in Toddlers in Sentani infants in Sentani Health Center. Prevalence Health Center, Jayapura Regency". ratio test results (RP) = 1,728; CI95% = (0,823 - 3,627) with a lower value does not 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS include 1 which means that gender is not a 2.1 Types and Design of Research risk factor for the incidence of ARI. The type of research used is descriptive analytic with cross-sectional study design, a 3.2. Relationship between toddler study in which variables including risk immunization status and the incidence of factors and variables including effects are ARI in infants examined at the same time (Notoatmodjo, 2012). Table 2. Relationship between immunization status of toddlers and the incidence of ARI in infants at Sentani Health Center 2.2 Research Place and Time No Immunization Incidence of ARI Number This research was conducted at Sentani status of toddlers ARI Not ARI Health Center, Jayapura Regency, which n % n % n % 1 Not complete 9 52,9 8 47,1 17 100 was held in October 2018. 2 Complete 11 20,8 42 79,2 53 100 2.3 Research Populations and Samples Total 20 28,6 50 71,4 70 100 1. Population p-value = 0,015; RP = 2,551; CI95%= (1,278 – 5,091) Population is the entire object of research or Based on Table 2, it shows that out of 17 the object under study. The population in children under five with incomplete this study was the number of toddlers aged immunization status as many as 9 people (52.9%) with ARI incidence and not ARI as International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 275 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Yonece Wadi et.al. Factors Influencing Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Sentani Health Primary Jayapura District many as 8 people (47.1%). While from 53 Table 4. Relationship between the age of the mother and the incidence of ARI in infants in Sentani Health Center people with complete immunization status No Age of the mother Incidence of ARI Number as many as 11 people (20.8%) with ARI ARI Not ARI n % n % n % incidence and not ARI as many as 42 people 1 < 25 Year 8 34,8 15 65,2 23 100 (79.2%). The results of the chi square test 2 > 25 Year 12 25,5 35 74,5 47 100 Total 20 28,6 50 71,4 70 100 obtained p-value = 0.015 <0.05. This means p-value = 0,601; RP = 1,362; CI95%= (0,648 – 2,863) that there is a relationship between the status of immunization of children under Based on Table 4, it shows that out five to the incidence of ARI in infants at of 23 toddlers aged <25 years as many as 8 Sentani Health Center. Prevalence ratio people (34.8%) with ARI incidence and not (RP) = 2,551; CI95% = (1,278 - 5,091) ARI as many as 15 people (65.2%). While which means that the immunization status of from 47 mothers of children under the age incomplete toddlers is likely to have ARI of> 25 years as many as 12 people (25.5%) events 2,551 times higher than toddlers with with the incidence of ARI and not ARI as complete immunization status.
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